Phân biệt chủng tộc. Race color blind
Racism has long existed and has always been a very serious problem for many nations like the United States In recent years, the world has had many activities to deal with this situation, but it seems that there are still many perspectives on it Historically, biological differences, particularly skin color, have been abused in the first place to justify the existence of "high" and "low" races, and therefore group of people by race Inequality appears when any the difference, exclusion, limitation or bias to denial or denial of equal rights and the protection of those rights is a denial of the principle of equality and the diminution of human dignity Race and inequality are often linked together and are understood as racism (Golash-Boza, 2017) In this paper I will discuss the colorblind racism and its effect on inequality In the United States, the term colorblind racism has become increasingly commonplace in terms of issues of race and racial inequality It has been argued that following the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the United States increasingly sought to deny racial segregation, reducing its influence on the economic and social development of the United States (Bonilla-Silva 2006; Goldberg 2008) Bonilla-Silva explained colorblind racism issues and provided a framework for that distinction He affirmed that the "novelty" of racism is that it lies within its very existence, identifying four manifestations of this racist form: abstract liberalism, cultural racism and reduce racial discrimination (Bonilla-Silva 2006, p.26) According to BonillaSilva, 'abstract liberalism' based on the theory of economic and political freedom, opposed interference in racial inequalities, shows that this is a violation of fish rights (Bonilla-Silva 2006, p 28) It is explained that racism is no longer important and that the United States is entering the era of colorblind racism A second important component of colorblind racism is the 'naturalization' of race inequality Here, longstanding racial segregation is seen as a result of personal choice, survival along with 1 national perception and cultural differences The third component of colorblind racism is cultural racism This involves the way in which negative cultural traits affect specific racial groups The last aspect of colorblind racism is 'racism.' This dismisses the notion that racial discrimination plays a decisive role in the livelihoods of minority groups Even if racial discrimination is recognized as having existed, racial discrimination has decreased This is partly achieved through the deployment of a racial discrimination that only recognizes extreme acts such as police brutality or forms of racial violence (Bonilla-Silva 2006, p 29) Back in the history of more than 300 years, the first African people set foot on the United State on the slave trains Racial discrimination and color discrimination are always a matter of controversy in American politics and society This problem was the trigger for the American Civil War that lasted from 1861 to 1865 After Abraham Lincoln's victory in the 1860 US presidential election and the abolition of slavery, controversy culminated in 11 states in the southern United States (support for slavery) made a declaration of secession from the United States of America and formed the Confederate Republic; the other 25 states supported the Federal Government of the North The Northern and Southern Wars lasted for four years and ended when the South surrendered in 1865, marking the outlawing of slavery throughout the United States It has been 150 years since the civil war ended, but stigma and discrimination have been the cause of divisions in American society Ethnic conflict erupted in the United States after protests against former white policeman Jason Stockley was acquitted in a color murder case in 2011 The move shows the problem Ethnic races that have existed in the United States for hundreds of years have not been resolved It is said that, for many white people, black people are considered to be low class in morality and wisdom in American society In many states, African Americans are 2 restricted to basic human rights and not enjoy full citizenship, including the right to vote The results of the social survey in 2015 show that the current distribution of manpower in the United States is cone-shaped, meaning that more and more important positions such as executives of large corporations or corporations The higher the level of government, the fewer black people For many white people, black people are considered to be the lower class of morality and wisdom in American society In many states, African Americans are restricted to basic human rights and not enjoy full citizenship, including the right to vote The current distribution of manpower in the United States is cone-shaped, meaning that more and more important positions such as executives of large corporations or corporations The higher the level of government, the fewer black people Although black people have made a certain contribution to society, the equal rights of people of color have improved; their status in society appears to be a "marginalization" of society In terms of culture, the African American community has made a tremendous contribution to bringing the distinct cultural values to American culture Even so, many have hoped for a new chapter for the black community in the United States after Senator Barack Obama became the first black president of the country in 2008 However, the success of them is just rare dots in the general picture of the United States The blacks still lag behind on economics, education and society in comparison to whites Although black people have enjoyed equal rights with whites such as the right to education, the right to vote, especially since President John F Kennedy endorsed the Civil Rights Act, the color community has many opportunities for development, but the lives of the Black in America are still struggling In the United States, blacks have only average jobs such as cleaning jobs, hotels, and bars The number of blacks 3 working in big offices or companies, though, is still small It is often difficult for people of color to apply for jobs and, if so, they are paid less often than whites Consequently, the income of this group is much lower than the potential, leading to the poor education, housing conditions The political, economic and social problems of African Americans are difficult to access to health care, education, police and justice programs Next to it is the problem of poverty and abuse In addressing this issue, in recent years the United States has made policy adjustments to limit racial discrimination, but is fundamentally not strong enough to eradicate stigma Color blind racism contributes significantly to inequalities in the United States, listed primarily in six areas: income, wealth, education, criminal justice, health, and democratic participation It illustrates how the differences in skin color in their income relate to racial rich spaces; the tendency of redistribution in the school system is linked to the increasingly intense penalties and penalties for mass detention; and the stress of countless inequalities that affect the health of black men, women, and children for generations And more importantly, it makes the discussion of inequality in the United States more and more hidden The study of Bonilla-Silva describes several aspects of colorblind racism in the United States during the period of capitalism Suggested solutions are primarily focused on educating the institutional nature and color discrimination of whites, encouraging them to participate in the "anti-racism" movement As a result, members of society will gradually influence that thought and change the consciousness However, only a little research has examined the cultures, ideas, mechanisms and everyday experiences of racist white people Bonila-Silva asserted that racial segregation has become the dominant racial ideology in the United States as a reason to explain the racial order in society This view, however, does not refer to discrimination and institutional practices that make people 4 of color largely unconstitutional and socially dominant In addition, whites are justified in not taking any responsibility for the inequality in today's society America was founded upon inequality, and the unfair treatment is what shaped America into what it is today Formal slavery was abolished in the United States in 1865 But then generations of blacks were still suffering from discrimination against whites By the middle of the twentieth century, the United States remained a wellknown place for racism and white-collar discrimination Racial inequality among Blacks and Whites has long been a critical part of the American experience The depiction of the model minority is a motivating factor behind some internalized racism within black communities and groups Therefore, it can be easy for a white or non-white person who is not associated with any such group to deny some of the issues at hand Furthermore, with the advancement of civil rights and privileges of modern-day that are somewhat due to blacks going against the model minority during the Civil Rights Movement; whites may believe that the fight for equality is over, and that blacks and whites are in fair, equal society As we know by now, that is not the case, but with discussions such as the ones brought up in this paper even more progression can be made with race relations and inequalities in American society References Bonilla-silva, Eduardo (2006), Racism Without Racists: Colour-Blind Racism and the Persistence of Racial Inequality in the United States (Second Edition) Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield Goldberg, David (2008), The Threat of Race: Reflections on Racial Neoliberalism Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell Golash-Boza, Tanya Maria (2017), Race and Racisms: A Critical Approach, Second Edition, Oxford University press 5 6 ... component of colorblind racism is cultural racism This involves the way in which negative cultural traits affect specific racial groups The last aspect of colorblind racism is 'racism. ' This... several aspects of colorblind racism in the United States during the period of capitalism Suggested solutions are primarily focused on educating the institutional nature and color discrimination... to limit racial discrimination, but is fundamentally not strong enough to eradicate stigma Color blind racism contributes significantly to inequalities in the United States, listed primarily in