Museum of Comparative Zoology Breviora 07

BREVIORA %° *° MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY Harvard University Numbers 296-325 1968- 1969 CAMBRIDGE, MASS 1969 U.S.A CONTENTS BREVIORA Museum of Comparative Zoology Numbers 296-325 1968 No 296 The genus Dysderina (Araneae, Oonopidae) in Central America and the West Indies By Arthur M Checkering 37 pp October 11 No 297 Population structure of the Asthenes flammulata superspecies (Aves: Furnariidae) By Francois Vuilleumier 21 pp October 1 No 298 Monograph of the Cuban genus Viana (Mollusca: Archaeogastropoda: Helicinidae) By William J Clench and Morris K Jacobson 25 pp October 11 No 299 What Lumbricus 1884 (Lumbricidae, Oligochaeta)? By G E Gates pp October 11 is No 300 Contributions to eiseni Levinsen, a revision Eisenia hortensis the (Michaelsen) Gates 12 pp October No 301 of Lumbricidae III (1890) By G E New echymid rodents from the Oligocene of Patagonia, and a synopsis of the family By Bryan Patterson and Rosendo Pascual 14 pp October 11 No 302 Geomyseria glabra, a new genus and species of scincid lizard from Bougainville, Solomon Islands, with comments on the relationships of some lygosomine genera By Allen E Greer and Fred Parker pp October 1 No 303 Review of the genera of the tribe Loberini (Coleoptera: Languriidae) By T Sen Gupta 27 pp December 31 No 304 Redescriptions of Anachis avara (Say) and Anachis translirata (Ravenel) with notes on some related species (Prosobranchia, Columbellidae) By Amelie H Scheltema 19 pp December 31 No 305 Lytechinus williamsi, a new sea urchin from Panama By Richard H Chesher 13 pp December 31 No 306 .Anew species of Eleutherodactylus (Amphibia, Salientia) from the (inavana region Edo Bolivar Venezuela B\ Juan A Rivero 11 pp December 31 No 307 A new species of Hyla (Amphibia, Salientia) from the Venezuelan Guayana By Juan A Rivero pp December No 30S The molluscan fauna of an unusual Bermudian pond: a natural experiment in form and composition By 13 December 31 Ja\ Gould Stephen pp rodent incisor enamel as viewed in thin section, and the micro-structure o\ the enamel in fossil and recent rodent groups By John H Wahlert No 309 Variability S pp ol December 31 No 310 A 969 shovel-tusked Gomphothere from the Miocene Kenva Bv Vincent J Maglio 10 pp March 31 No 311 The genera Apenesia and Dissomphalus Chile (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) Evans 23 pp March 31 in of Argentina and By Howard E No 312 Ecological observations on Anolis occultus Williams and Rivero (Sauria, iguanidae) By T Preston Webster Pp March 31 No 313 Louis Agassiz's numbers for Steamer Blake Stations of 1X77-78, 1878 79 By Myvanwy M Dick 11 pp March 31 No 314 The cranial anatomy of the Permian amphibian Pantylus By Alfred Sherwood Romer 37 pp March 31 No 315 Stellicola dentifer n sp (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) associated with a starfish in Jamaica By Arthur G Humes 11 pp March 31 No 316 Cytotaxonomic studies on some unusual iguanid lizards assigned to the genera Chamaeleolis, Polychrus, Polychroides, and Phenacosaurus, with behavioral notes By G C Gorman R B Huey, and E E Williams 17 pp April 30 No 317 Relationships of two Cretaceous lizards (Sauria Teiidae) By Richard Estes pp April 30 No 318 Leucolepidopa sunda gen nov., sp nov (Decapoda: Albuneidae), a new Indo-Pacific sand crab By Ian E Efford pp April 30 No 319 Competitive exclusion among anoles (Sauria: Iguanidae) on small islands in the West Indies By A Stanley Rand 16 pp April 30 No 320 Taimanawa, a new genus of brissid echinoids from the Tertiary and Recent Indo- West-Pacific with a review of the related genera Brissopatagus and Gillechinus By Robert A Henderson and H Barraclough 29 pp June Fell 10 No 321 Observations on the agonistic and breeding behavior of Leptodactylus pentadactylus and other amphibian species in Venezuela By Juan A Rivero and Andres Elroy Esteves 14 pp June 10 No 322 The fossil Estes No 323 On record of amphiumid salamanders 11 pp June By Richard 10 earthworms of Ascension and Juan Fernandez Islands By G E Gates pp June 10 the No 324 Polymorphism and evolution of the Hispaniolan snake genus Uromacer (Colubridae) By Henry S Horn 23 pp September 15 No 325 The genus Phenacosaurus (Sauria, Iguanidae) D Lazell, Jr 24 pp September 15 By James INDEX OF AUTHORS BREVIORA Museum of Comparative Zoology Numbers 296-325 1968 1969 No Chesher Richard H Chicki ring, Arthur Clinch William Die k 305 M 298 J Myvanwy Eei-ord Ian 313 318 I Esns Richard I steves, \ ans 317, 322 Andres Elroy How ard E 32 311 Fell, H Barrac lough Gates, G 296 E 320 299, 300, 323 Gorman, G C 316 Gould, Stephen Jay 308 Greer Allen E 302 Henderson, Robert Horn, Henry S A 320 324 No Huey, R B 316 G Humes, Arthur K Jacobson, Morris Lazell, James 315 298 325 D., Jr Maglio, Vincent 310 J Parker, Fred 302 Pascual, Rosendo 301 Rand, A Stanley 319 A Rivero, Juan 306, 307, 321 Romer, Alfred Sherwood scheltema, amelie h 314 304 Sen Gupta, T 303 VUILLEUMIER, FRANCOIS 297 H 309 Preston 312 Wahlert, John Webster, T Williams, E E 316 BREVIORA Museum of Comparative Zoology Cambridge, Mass 11 October, 1968 Number GENUS DYSDERINA (ARANEAE, OONOPIDAE) CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE WEST INDIES THE 296 IN Arthur M Chickering Abstract A of twenty-four species of the genus Dysderina are this paper Seventeen species are described as new Nine total recognized in of these are from Panama, two are from Costa Rica, two are from Trini- W from Jamaica, W I., two are from St Vincent, B W I., and the remaining one is from Dominica, B W I Dysderina principalis Simon from St Vincent, B W I is not D principalis (Keyserling) from Colombia and, therefore, is described as a new species, D soltina sp nov Dysderina antillana Bryant, described from St Croix, U S Virgin Islands in 1942 and reported from Hispaniola in 1948, has been shown to be Ischnothyreus peltifer (Simon) and is treated in another publication dad, I., one is The Oonopidae include a group of very small spiders usually occupying concealed habitats such as leaf litter, debris, especially grass and weed debris, and other similar habitats They are par- numerous in tropical and subtropical regions but are now known from many other parts of the world The distinctive features ticularly of the family are treated in such publications as the following: Simon, 1892-1895; Petrunkevitch, 1939; Comstock, 1940; Kaston, 1948, and others, and will not be treated in this paper Since early in my work of collecting and studying spiders in Panama, I have continued to be interested in these minute members of the order Araneae For the past several years I have made a special effort to collect members America and the West of the family Oonopidae in Central Indies As a result of this effort I have accumulated a rather large number of species of several genera belonging to this family, and the time has arrived for me to put the results of these years of study and collecting into a permanent record It had been my intention to publish the results of these studies in a single was made monograph Recently, however, the decision to publish a series of shorter papers each dealing with a or a of as conditions seem to warrant single genus group genera The genus Dysderina is one of a group of genera to be treated early in the series rreviora No 296 My appreciation and gratitude are again expressed for the continued aid and encouragement in the pursuit of my studies extended by the staff of the Museum of Comparative Zoology My thanks are also extended to Dr W J Gertsch, American Museum of Natural History, Dr G Owen Evans and Mr D J Clark, De- partment of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History) for the loan of important species of the genus Dysderina Grants GB-1801 and GB-5013 from the National Science Foundation have made it possible for me to continue my work in the Museum of Comparative Zoology and to spend a total of nearly twelve months during the last lour years collecting in Panama, Costa Rica, and the West Indies Except as otherwise stated in later parts of this paper, all types collection oi entire the my genus Dysderina will be deposited in the Museum of Comparative Zoology together with Genus Dysderina Simon, 1891 The Dysderina principalis (Kevserling) by monotvpv The genus was established on the basis of a male from ilombia identified by Keyserling as Oonops principalis Simon (1891 ) correctly recognized that this species could not be regarded type species is and therefore, placed it in a new genus Dysderina Simon also described two additional species from St Vincent Island B W I Dysderina plena O P -Cambridge was described from Mexico in 1894 Dysderina antillana as belonging to the genus Oonops Br\ant was described from St Croix, U S Virgin Islands in 1942, and also reported from Hispaniola in 1948, but is now known to be Ischnothyreus peltifer (Simon) as will be shown in another paper In 1951 I reported four species of Dysderina from Panama Since that time have collected these small spiders at every opportunity and as a result I now have a rather large collection consisting of numerous species from parts of Central America and the West Indies but none has appeared east of Dominica, W I The most important features of this genus observed during my study of the group may be stated as follows: Total length varies from about I 1.6 mm to 2.75 There mm, with females usually somewhat larger than remarkable similarity of general appearance among the species recognized in this paper Males can be readily separated into species on the basis of the distinctive features of the palpal tarsi Females, on the other hand, are very difficult to males is a separate into species with any degree of certainty In my treatment of this sex I have placed great emphasis on the epigynal areas 10 No 325 BRLVIORA X =: O =: u Z s c o to ! - I -=: a I 1969 PHENACOSAURUS N.STRZK Figure Phenacosaurus heterodermus, top of head Specimen " paramoensis" Hellmich 18/37, the top of 11 MUN breviora 12 No 325 from the Cordillera Oriental, and because all three Cordilleras merge in southern Colombia (e.g., vicinity of Tambo, Cauca), I expect the total distribution of the species, at least in the western range, to be greater than is presently known Dunn (1944) gives m the altitudinai range as from 1800 to 3500 m Hellmich (1949) cites the elevation for "paramoensis" (= heterodermus) as 3750 m This is the highest recorded elevation for the species Size The largest specimen measured is MCZ 78531, from Paz del Rio, Boyaca a female In the It is 86 mm snout to vent Remarkably, it is of heterodermus males seem to average larger than females, and reach 83 mm snout to vent (male of ZMB 521 in the Bogota area; females in the area reach 80 mm (MHNP 1923.55) therefore expect Bogota some males from the northern part of the range to be larger than more southern populations ) I any specimen here recorded under the following species: Si/e is discussed comparatively Phlnacosaurus nicefori Dunn Phenacosauriu nicefori Dunn, 1944 Caldaaia 3, p s ^ - Type: ILS 64 Diagnosis A Phenacosaurus with small dorsal scales: 21-34 contained in the standard distance (not counting interstitial granules): head plates small, interparietal much shorter than the distance across head between orbits; subdigital lamellae 16-20 Type ILS 64, an adult female with 24 dorsals in the standard distance and Type 17 subdigital lamellae locality Discussion Pamplona, Norte de Santander, Colombia the basis of the eight specimens I have seen, On species is quite closely allied to heterodermus The only definitive difference I have been able to discern is dorsal scale size this With respect to this character, it must be noted that for both nicefori and heterodermus the range of variation within the species, respectively, is greater by far than the gap which separates them I have indicated in my discussion of heterodermus that I believe there is some evidence for character divergence between these two forms as they approach the area of potential sympatry Though heterodermus and nicefori have not yet been demonstrated to be sym- or parapatric at any point (see Fig 4), what evidence for character divergence we have should be considered in full Specimens of both forms have been arranged in Table in a northsouth sequence from Cerro Tetari (northernmost locality for nicefori, and the genus) to Tambo (the southernmost locality for PHENACOSAURUS 1969 heterodermus) through the Thereafter, in Table 1, 13 the sequence more western heterodermus is northward localities in the Cordil- and Central Characteristics of dorsal scale size, dorsal crest type, and subdigital lamellae are tabulated; these, with the exception of dorsal crest type (which I not regard as leras Occidental indicative of either taxon or character displacement), are included in the discussion below: Dorsal scale size Although the numbers of specimens in the not samples permit any meaningful statistical analysis, nicefori and heterodermus seem to become more different as they approach one another The smallest dorsals in heterodermus ( in the standard distance) are in FMNH 69673, from San Antonio, Huila, one of the southernmost examples Similarly, the largest FCN dorsals in nicefori (only 21 in the standard distance) are in the northernmost repre664, from Cerro Tetari, Venezuela — The between more — populations Pamplona (with one specimen with 22) and Saota (heterodermus with 14) — not sentative of that form differences the adjacent nearly of nicefori are spectacubut with more evidence lar, might prove meaningful lamellae In this case the situation is not indicative; Subdigital assuredly, the Cerro Tetari nicefori has the highest number of lamellae found in that species, but the highest counts in heterodermus come from the southern part of that range The more nearly adjacent populations hardly differ with respect to this character As mentioned previously, leg length does seem to provide an example of character divergence However, females of both forms seem to be shorter-legged than males, and I can find little difference between them Fortunately, the three southern- Leg length most heterodermus localities (San Antonio, Huila; Tambo; and San Antonio, Valle) are represented by males In all of these the appressed hind limb barely reaches the axilla In most males from around Bogota, the one male from Paz del Rio, and in the Saota specimen, the appressed hind limb extends beyond the axilla In Pamplona males of nicefori (2) the hind limb is, as in females, shorter than the distance to the axilla, whereas in the Cerro Tetari male, as noted by Aleman (1953), the hind limb is quite as long as this distance Even in a case like this, however, where the evidence seems clear cut on the face of it, the number of individuals involved is much too small for any sort of surety but little evidence The largest hetero- Size Here again there is dermus examined, as noted, was from a northern locality, one of No 325 breviora 14 the two closest to FCN nicefori, 664, a nicefori population snout to vent, 86 mm is Similarly, the largest and from the northern- most locality, farthest removed from the known range of heterodermus Because all phenacosaurs begin life small, and because have such a paucity of specimens and information about living animals, I cannot claim that this is necessarily meaningful Coloration and pattern Most of the specimens of nicefori are formalin specimens, and show nothing in the way of coloration or FCN 664 however, is well preserved and appears to pattern have been rather uniform green with a white stripe from the the shoulder, as in many heterodermus There is supralabials to I nothing about any of the other specimens of nicefori that could contradict the assumption that this is how they all look In the foregoing discussion I have tacitly assumed that FCN 664 If it does, it is by far the largest actually represents a nicefori are all less than representative seen; those from around Pamplona 65 mm Also, it has the largest dorsals, the highest number of siibdigital lamellae, and the longest legs of any nicefori seen I have suggested that these differences may be attributable to snout to vent character divergence mation see in two no species if FCN On the basis of present inforis not a nicefori, then a 664 alternative; of additional material will be required to demonstrate its deal great true relationships Certainly heterodermus and nicefori whether I they are distinct species or geographic representatives of the species, are closely related same Extreme with respect to major characters, the relationships of the new form from Ecuador are in no way so clear I describe it as: Phenacosaurus orcesi sp nov MCZ 38937, collected iv 1957 by Jorge Olalla Type locality Mt Sumaco Napo Pastaza Province, Ecuador Paratype USNM 16533, collected by James Peters between L'Alegria and La Bonita, Ecuador Diagnosis A Phenacosaurus with very small dorsals, 38-48 Type contained in the standard distance (no interstitial granules pres- ent); head plates very large, interparietal much longer than the distance across the head between the orbits; subdigital lamellae under second and third phalanges of fourth toe 16-18 MCZ 38937 mm tail Description of the type 58 snout to vent, with a 61 mm and the ilium (dissected on left is a female measuring Both the foot structure side) are typically phenacosauran PHENACOSAURUS 1969 15 \ cerJo 'A Tetari -f VENEZUELA { i/\ Pamplona -~ -> ^ San Pedro -r- Sonson f\\ ' }~j$San Antonio, Valle-f-/,' 4"" ^ ±*T* Paz -+- di del Rio ' Bogota Paramo de Sumapaz -|- San Antonio, Huila -j- Tambo COLOMBIA + heterodermus A nicefori (g> orcesi Figure Localities for three species of Phenacosaurus Names are not cited here for localities in the immediate vicinity of Bogota but are tabulated in north-south order in Table breviora 16 No 325 There are three large plates across the snout at the level of the second canthals Two scales, the right one of which appears to be two smaller scales anastomosed, border the rostral The nasal is entire, in contact with the first supralabial and separated from the rostral by a single, subrectangular prenasal The supraorbital semicircles are composed of large plates, three of which are broadly in contact at the midline The supraocular composed of several large border directly on the supraorbital disks are two or three of which semicircles, that decrease in no supraeiliarv scales distinguished from size laterally There are the orbital granules There are two rows of ca 1.3 times as long plates, loreals The interparietal is very large, as the distance between the orbits across the with the supraorbital semicircles top of the head, and is in contact he circumoccipita] ridges are reduced to the point of absence The suboculars are in contact with the supralabials The mental I sutured, bordered posteriorly by the infralabials, sublabials, and four gulai granules eight scales in all is — A single series of sharply leetiform crest scales, separated by undifferentiated dorsal granules, begins on the nape and continues type crest scale pattern The dorsal scales are granular and of rather uniform si/c; there are 38 contained in the standard distance at midbody The ventrals are to the rump; this is a '.V' smooth, slightly swollen, and subimbricate medially There are 18 subdigital lamellae under the second and third phalanges of the fourth toe The digital dilations are very broad and become only gradually narrower proximally The tail is very slightly compressed; there is a single row of someslightly enlarged, tcctiform scales middoisally beginning There are scale whorls level vent what posterior to the of the no or other indications o( autotomy septa There is apparently not a functional throat fan in this female This a formalin specimen; is greeable, remains The The mud-brown type is all it has been rendered a dark, disa- over; no trace of coloration or pattern illustrated in Figure The only other specimen of P orcesi currently tail The available is a male 60 mm, snout to vent, with a 67 the hind feet taper more abruptly digital pads of both fourth toes on proximally than is usual in Phenacosaurus, but are broader under paratype mm phalanx than in Anolis of similar size The ilium (dissected on the left) is typical of the genus: blade-like, with a blunt, obtuse anterior prominence the first 1969 PHENACOSAURUS Figure Phenacosaurus orcesi Sumaco, Ecuador sp nov., type, 17 MCZ 38937, from Mt breviora 18 No 325 The paratype is similar to the type in all details described above the There are four large plates across the head except following: between the second canthals and three scales border the rostral Two plates of the supraorbital semi-circles are in contact at the midline The circumoccipital ridges, though low, are quite evident Because one row of gular granules fails to reach posteriorly the mental, only seven scales border it posteriorly There are no enlarged crest scales on nape or back; this is a "1" type crest scale pattern 46 to The dorsals are granular but variable in size; counts of in the standard distance at midbody There 48 can be made are 16 or 17 lamellae under the second and third phalanges of the fourth toe The tail bears a scries of enlarged, tectiform scales, separated by smaller granules, beginning just posterior to the level ol the vent; this is a "3" type crest scale pattern The throat fan appears about as well developed as voung males of P nicejori or heterodermus: not apparently greatly extensible Dr James Peters reports (in lilt.): "The specimen was picked up by me personally It was found on the trail between L'Ale- P gria and river that La Bonita in Napo Province, Ecuador, high above the forms the boundary between Ecuador and Colombia, on the eastern slopes, on June 26, 1962 It was found dead on the trail, in a horse's hoofprint It was rather badly beaten up in the state you see it now unfortunately The elevation at — which it was collected is approximately 5800 feet." While Phenacosaurus heterodermus and Discussion seem P nicejori appears remote The dorsal squamation lacks the large scales interspersed with granules that both other species exhibit The dorsals are smaller than in nicejori, though the head plates are larger than in heterodermus quite closely allied forms P orcesi general appearance is very much like some Anolis (e.g., solitarius); the small scales augment this effect The pelvic girdle, The however, is distinctly phenacosauran; P orcesi, in fact, differs from Anolis with respect to the ilium in the same ways that heterodermus and nicejori do, but to an even greater extent; the ilial prominence is very obtuse and weakly developed in both speci- mens available we know about the phenacosaurs in general that any attempt at a reasonable assessment of relationships is pointless Until series of specimens can be collected from All considered, the many the genus, until little presumably included within the range of comparisons can be made utilizing such crucial areas and so 1969 PHENACOSAURUS characteristics as coloration in life 19 and behavior in the field — features demonstrably of great importance in the systematics of anoline lizards our knowledge of Phenacosaurus will remain — reprehensibly elementary ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Figures and were prepared by N Strekalovsky Dr Richard Etheridge has provided data on anoline osteology work was supported by National Science Foundation Grants G- 16066 and GB6944, held by Ernest E Williams This LITERATURE CITED Aleman, C 1953 Contribucion al estudio de los reptiles y batracios de la Sierra de Perija Mem Soc Cien Nat La Salle (Venezuela) 13: 205-225 Barbour, T 1920 A note on Xiphocercus Proc New England Zool Club 7: 61-63 BOULENGER, G A 1885 Catalogue of the Lizards -+- 497 pp Dumeril, A A in the British Museum, II London, xiii 1851 Dunn, Catalogue methodique de la collection des National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 224 pp reptiles Museum E R 1944 The lizard genus Phenacosaurus Caldasia (11 ) : 57-62 Etheridge, R 1959 The relationships of the anoles (Reptilia: Sauria: Iguanidae): an interpretation based on skeletal morphology Univ Micro- films 60-2529, Fitzinger, L 1843 Ann Arbor, Mich., xiii + 236 pp J Systema Reptilium Vienna, Hellmich, W 1949 Auf vi -f 106 pp der Jagd nach der Paramo-echse Dtsch Aquar.-u Terrar.- Ztschr (5): 89-91 Orsono-Mesa, H., and E Orsono-Mesa Anotaciones sobre lagartos del genero Phenacosaurus Caldasia (17): 123-130 Simpson, G G 1961 Principles of Animal Taxonomy Columbia University Press, xii + 247 pp 1946 20 BREVIORA Williams, 1962 1963 No 325 E E Notes on the herpetology of Hispaniola New material of two poorly known ;mo!es: Anolis monticola Shreve and Anolis christophei Williams BrevioraNo 164: 1-11 Studies on South American ancles Description of Anolis mirus, species, from Rio San Juan, Colombia, with comment on digital dilation and dewlap as generic and specific characters in new the ancles Bull Mus Comp.^Zool 129 (9): 463-480 (Received 29 April 1969) Figure Ilia of two anoline lizard genera: A Anolis (specimen MCZ 61027, A richardi, Tobago, West Indies); B Phenacosaurus men MCZ 17111, P heterodennus, Guasca, Colombia) (speci- PHENACOSAURUS 1969 TABLE 1: 21 SPECIMENS EXAMINED Specimens of the three species of Plienacosauriis and three of their characters: dorsal scales counted in the standard distance, type of dorsal crest, and number of subdigital lamellae See text and map (Fig 5) The locality "Bogota" is of highly variable precision PHENACOSAURUS NICEFORI BREVIORA 22 Specimen Sex Locality No 325 PHENACOSAURUS 1969 PHENACOSAURUS HETERODERMUS Specimen Sex Locality 23 24 BREVIORA No 325 ... encouragement in the pursuit of my studies extended by the staff of the Museum of Comparative Zoology My thanks are also extended to Dr W J Gertsch, American Museum of Natural History, Dr G Owen... about one-eighth of the diameter of the latter Posterior row of eyes wider than anterior row in ratio of about Height of clypeus equal to about eleven-ninths of the diameter of ALE Chelicerae,... typical of females of the genus as seen in this study; : : : clypeus heavily bordered; height equal to about seven-tenths of the diameter of ALE Mouth parts essentially typical of females of the