THE HALL OF SHELLS, HARDY 1897

0?u / (.'!'' A PPLETONS' HOME RE/! DING BOOKS THE HALL OF SHELLS BY MRS A S HARDY AUTHOR OF THREE SINGERS APR oe wm ifBRARIES D NEW YORK APPLETON AND COMPANY 1897 COPYHIGHT, By D 1897, APPLETON AND COMPANY ABALONES Cerianthus membranicus— different varieties 2, Shell and living animal, Haliotis tuberculata 5, 10, Actinia equina 6, Actinia cari 7, Empty shell of Haliotis rufescens 8, Haliactis bellis 9, Eloactis mazeln the home eeading book seeies by the editok inteoductio:n' to The new tions — one education takes two important direc- of these toward original observation, is requiring the pupil to test and verify what him at school by his own experiments is The taught infor- mation that he learns from books or hears from his teacher's lips with his own must be assimilated by incorporating it experience The other direction pointed out home by the new edu- forms a part of school extension of all kinds The so-called " University Extension " that originated at Cambridge and Oxcation is systematic ford has as lectures its reading It chief feature the aid of and round-table home reading by discussions, led or conducted by experts who also lay out the course of reading The Chautauquan movement in this country prescribes a series of excellent books and furnishes for a goodly number of its readers annual courses of lectures teachers' reading circles that exist in many The States pre- scribe the books to be read, and publish some analysis, commentary, or catechism to aid the members Home reading, basis of this great it seems, furnishes the essential movement to extend education THE HALL OF SHELLS vi beyond the school and of make to self -culture a habit life Looking more carefully the two directions of the at the difference new education between we can see what each accomplishes There is first an effort to train the original powers of the individual and make him self -active, quick at observation, and free in his thinking, l^ext, the new education endeavors, by the reading of books and the study of the wisdom of the make race, to the child or youth a participator in the results of experience of all by poor teaching it mankind may be made antagonistic The book knowledge, containing as These two movements does the precious lesson of human be so taught as to bring with conduct, only dead scraps of experience, may only dead rules of it information, and no stimulant to original thinking Its contents On memorized without being understood may be hand, the self -activity of the child at the expense of his social well-being — may be the other stimulated his originality may be cultivated at the expense of his rationality If he taught persistently to have his is trust only his o^vn senses, to cling to his own way, to own opinions heedless of the experience of his fellows, he is pre- paring for an unsuccessful, misanthropic career, and is likely It is enough to end his life in a madhouse admitted that a too exclusive study of the knowledge found in books, the knowledge which is aggregated from the experience and thought of other people, may result in loading the mind of the pupil with material which he can not use to advantage EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION Some minds yii lumber that there is no up a workshop The necessity of are so full of space left to set uniting both of these directions of intellectual activity we must not, in this place, fall into the error of supposing that it is in the schools is therefore obvious, but the oral instruction in school and the personal influ- ence of the teacher alone that excites the pupil to activity retical Book instruction is not always dry and theoThe very persons who declaim against the book, and praise in such strong terms the self -activity of the puj)il and original research, are mostly persons who have received their practical impulse from read- ing the writings of educational reformers Yery few persons have received an impulse from personal contact with inspiring teachers compared with the num- ber that have received an impulse from such books as Herbert Spencer's Treatise on Education, Rousseau's Emile, Pestalozzi's Leonard and Gertrude, Francis W Parker's Talks about Teaching, G Stanley Think in this connecHall's Pedagogical Seminary tion, too, of the impulse to observation in natural science produced by such books as those of Hugh Miller, Faraday, Tyndall, Huxley, Agassiz, and Darwin The new scientific book is different from the old The old style book of science gave dead results where the new one gives not only the results, but a minute account of the method employed in reaching those results An insight into the method employed in discovery trains the reader into a naturalist, an historian, a sociologist The books of the writers above named have done more to stimulate original research on the : THE HALL OF SHELLS viii part of their readers than other influences com- all bined It is therefore much more a matter of importance book than to get a living The which teaches results, and at the teacher book same time gives in an intelligible manner the steps of discovery and the methods employed, is a book which will stimulate the student to repeat the experiments described and get beyond these into fields Every one rememof original research himself bers the published lectures of Faraday on chemistry, which exercised a wide influence in changing the style of books on natural science, causing them to deal with method more than results, and thus to train the reader's power of conducting original research Robinson Crusoe for nearly two hundred years has stimulated adventure and prompted young men to to get the right kind of resort to the border lands of civilization of home A library reading should contain books that stimulate to self -activity and arouse the spirit of inquiry The books should treat of methods of discovery and evolution All nature is unified by the discovery of Each and every being in the world is now explained by the process of development to which it belongs Every fact now throws light on all the others by illustrating the process of growth in the law of evolution which each has its end and aim The Home Reading Books are to be classed as follows First Division Natural history, including popular scientific treatises on plants and animals, and also de- EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION ix Tlie branch of scriptions of geographical localities study in the district school course which corresponds to this is geography lands Travels and sojourns in distant special writings ; which this or that treat of animal or plant, or family of animals or plants anything that relates to organic nature or to meteorol; ogy, or descriptive astronomy may be placed in this class Second Division Whatever relates to physics or natural philosophy, to the statics or dynamics of air or water or hght or electricity, or to the properties of whatever relates to chemistry, either organic or inorganic books on these subjects belong to the matter ; — class that relates to organic called what is chemistry inorganic Even relates to the the so- analysis of organic bodies into their inorganic compounds Third Division History and biography and ethBooks relating to the lives of individuals, and especially to the social life of the nation, and to the nology collisions of nations in war, as well as to the aid that one gives to another through commerce in times of peace; books on ethnology relating to the manners and customs of savage or civihzed peoples books on ; the primitive manners and customs which belong to the earliest human long to the third beings —books on these subjects be- class, relating particularly to man will, will, the will of the tribe or nation class the hu- not merely the individual will but the social ; and to this third belong also books on ethics and morals, and on forms of government and laws, and what is included under the term ci\acs or the duties of citizenship THE HALL OF SHELLS X Fourth Division The fourth class of books inmore especially literature and works that make cludes known the beautiful in such departments as sculpture, Literature and art show human nature in the form of feelings, emotions, and aspirations, and they show how these feelings This delead over to deeds and to clear thoughts partment of books is perhaps more important than any other in our home reading, inasmuch as it teaches a knowledge of human nature and enables us to un- painting, architecture and music derstand the motives that lead our fellow-men to action To each book is added an analysis in order to aid the reader in separating the essential points from the unessential, and give each its proper share of attention W Washington, D C, November 16, 1S'J6 T IIajjkis PREFACE The changing ple of its waters greens of the ocean, the wim- when my early childhood the pleasantest memories of Glimpses into the still among at peace, abide sea, as pictured by Fouque, have fascinations surpassing fact or fiction of these later days This that it little may book is published with the hope lead to a fuller study of some of the most interesting and most beautiful crea- Books upon marine tions in Nature shells, either not too expensive or too learned for com- mon little use, are few ; hence it is hoped that volume may help to awaken an in the sea and its treasures, this interest which can but grow with the years and afford an ever- widening and deepening source of delight and of profit Pearls let slip from their broken string, led —in the story— to the hidden casket So may THE HALL OF SHELLS 172 From another pocket she brought out a handful of tiny points she asked "What "Are they ivory elephants, or horns of are these?" tusks of fairy baby unicorns ? " And made as they passed through her fingers pleased her ears as perhaps the "jingle" of these Bentalian "guineas" the rippling sound they money please the ear of the Indian value of Dentalia^ or " toothshells," getter The she learned, was determined by the length of the shells Later that evening, when Undine and Tom had sailed away to the universe of dreams, Dr McLean with Miss Bremely paused before the open door of the library Mr Bremely sat within, a book was open before him, but he could not read His heart was stirred with a mighty past An angel had come down that evenino; and troubled its waters The flush upon Miss Bremely "s cheeks was again like the pink tint of shells, and dimples played among her blushes, while Dr McLean looked as happy as a king yet enigmatical as it seemed, they assured Mr Bremely they came ; The docbecause they were in sore trouble tor had learned, like Undine, that he could not spare Miss Bremely; and she that she could not spare Dr Lean ; and both, like the chil- r^ " dren, that they " could not spare anybody TROUBLE, The consultation ly decided that Dr was 173 long, but it McLean should was final- leave his boarding house, and that the cottage among the acacia trees should for a time at least be- come the manse Mr Bremely especially urged this, since business called him soon to South America for an absence of months Twice for the Bremelys, had the acacia Ere they trees lit their pale tapers of bloom faded the second time, there was a wedding in the cottao^e and the acacia trees waved like palms with glory -lighted tops Trouble had passed Dr and Mrs McLean walked in the heavenly peace of a true marriage Undine was happy Mr Bremely, with jubilant blessed serenely those whose love in sad, Tom was glad eyes, turn was his blessing Among the gifts upon the occasion were which the doctor was responsible, marked for the children Undine found her package to contain the long-desired microscope, while Tom rejoiced over the coveted young two, for : alligator INDEX Abalona, Dendronotus arborescens, 64 165 Dentalia, 172 Acelephfe, 53 Algse, Chap IX Ammonite, 86 Anomia, 139 Argonauta Argo, Echinoidea, 114 Echinodermata, Chap XIII Echinus, Chap XIII 83 Argonaut, Chap X Asteria, 111 Avicula margaritifera, Awabi, 61 Fulgur 65 Barnacles, Chap Feathery star, 111 Fulgur canalicuhatus, XIV Glycimeris generosa, 139 Borer, 20, 140, 141 Gorgonidee, 124 Byssus spinners, Chap XVI Gorgon, Chap Cassides, 165 Haliotis, Cassis cornuta, 157 Haliotidt^, 64 Cassis rufa, 157 Cassis madagascarieusis, 157 Harpa Harpa Cassis tuberosa, 157 HeHx Cerripeda, 118 Hermit Chitonidae, 95 Holothurian, 112, 113 Chiton Katherina, Chlorospermete, 95 8, XV Chap XVIII artieuharis, 150 ventricosa, 146 poniatia, 166 crab, Chap XV Holothuridaj, 114 Ilydroids, 45, 56, 57 75 Comatula rosacea 18 carica, 18 111, lanthina Conidfe, 151 fragilis, 37, 38 Corallium rubrum, 125, 129 Cornua Ammonis, 87 Limpet, 5,16, 17, 66 Cowries, 171 Crepidula, 51 Crinoidese, 111, 114 Cypraea, 171 Mactra solidissima, 94 Malleus vulgaris, 64 Mandrapora formosa, 130 175 THE HALL OF SHELLS 176 MedussD, 47, 57, Chup VII Eazor Melanospermeae, Ehodospermeae, 75 Mermaid's cradle, 93, 97 Mermaid's lace, 79 Microscopic shells Chap IV iVautilus, 84, 86, Sand dollar Chap XIII Sapphirina ovatolanceolata, Sargasso Sea, 76 Sargassum bacciferum, 76 Scallop, Chap II, 13, 14 15 Scheveningen shells Chap XII Sea fan, Chap XV Sea slugs, 165 Sea snails, 22 Sea urchin, Chap XIII Ill, 27 Chap XI Serpula, 22 Siphonida, 139 Olivella, 146 Solen, 138 XVIII Operculum, 154 Ovulum ovum, 171 Snails, 163, 164 Solaster popposus, 111 Olives, Chap Oyster, Chap XIII Strombus gigas, 157 Starfish, 8, volva, 171 8, Tradacna Chap VIII Triton gigas, 95 tritonis, 40 Patella, Chap II Triton variegatus, 40 Patella vulgatus, 22 Tritonia, 39 Pearls, Chap VIII Tritonia arborescens, 165 Pectcn, Chap Tritoni*, 166 II, 13, 14, 15 Pecten Jacobseus, Trochus, 155 Tubipora musica, 130 22 Phalos, 141 Phasianella, 151 Physalia, 54 Unio Ilyria, 63 Pinna, 140 Pinna 45 Scalaria, 45 Oliva biplicata, 149 Oliva scripta Chap XVIII Ovulum 164 75 Salpae, 45 Murex brandis, 28 Murex palma-rosa, 29 Murex princeps, 30 Murex radix, 29 Murex tiuuispina, 29 Murex tribulus, 29 Murex truncuius, 28 Murexes, Chap Chap XVI, fishes, 22, noblis, 64, Portuguese man-of-war Chap VII Purpuras, Chap 111 Venus Californiensis, 94 Venus mercenaria, 94 Worm THE END cases, 45 — — APPLETON AND COMPANY'S PUBLICATIONS D APPLETONS' HOME-READING BOOKS Edited by W T HARRIS, A M., LL D., U S Commissioner of Edncatio7i A comprehensive series of books presenting upon a symmetrical plan the best available literature in the various fields of human learning, selected with a view to the needs of students of all grades in supplementing their school studies and for home reading It is believed that this project will fully solve the long standing problem as to what kind of reading shall be furnished to the young, and what will most benefit them 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It is a useful and handsomely prepared handbook, and the elaborate index is an especially valuable part of it Taken in connection with the many careful drawings, it would seem as though your little volume thoroughly covers its subject." Lotas Prang " The author describes in a most interesting and charming manner many familiar wild and cultivated plnnts, enlivening his remarks by crisp epigrams, and rendering identification of the subjects described simple by means of some two hundred drawThe book will much to more fully ings from Nature, made by his own pen acquaint the reader with those plants of field and garden treated upon with which he may be but partly familiar, and go a long way toward correcting many popular errors existing in the matter of colors of their flowers, a subject to which Mr Mathews has devoted much attention, and on which he is now a recognized authority in the ' ' trade." New "A I'ork Florists' Exchange book of lover of flowers much ingly presented JVezv York Sun , value and interest, admir.ibiy arranged for the student and the is full of compact information, well selected and interestIt seems to us to be a most attractive handbook of its kind." The text "A delightful book and very useful Its language is plain and familiar, and the illustrations are dainty works of art It is just the book for those who want to be familiar with the well-known flowers, those that grow in the cultivated gardens as well Daily Advertiser as those that blossom in the fields." Newark " Seasonable and valuable The young botanist and the lover of flowers, who have only studied from Nature, will be greatly aided by this work." 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It is what a boy would New York : D call ' a real the heroic midBy Molly Elliot i2mo Cloth, $i.oo The Man without a in patriotism "—-6V.f/tf« Country,' has Beacon Charleston News and Courier classic, boy's ' ' book." APPLETON & CO., 72 Fifth Avenue ... starfish, the fossils of this family, and compare the plan of the leathery exterior of Holothurians with the delicate plates of the their ancient ancestry Kchinus iniUaris, and examine the spines of the. .. mouth to the ; and stomach of the former indicated, and the nervous system of the latter For further understanding of these consult zoologies and encyclopaedias For runes of the Northmen read the. .. reading of books and the study of the wisdom of the make race, to the child or youth a participator in the results of experience of all by poor teaching it mankind may be made antagonistic The book