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©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at 85-99 Ann- Naturhist Mus W ien, B Wien, März 2010 New taxa of Gundelia (Compositae) from Armenia E Vitek*, G Fayvush**, K Tamanyan** & B Gemeinholzer*** A b stract Two new taxa, Gundelia aragatsi and G aragatsi ssp steineri are described Gundelia was mainly treated as monospecific genus - this status cannot be maintained The differences o f the new taxa, the status o f a probable further new species, Gundelia sp (Garni), and the important characters for future research are discussed Key W ords: Flora o f Armenia; Compositae, Gundelia, G tournefortii, G rosea, G aragtsi, G aragatsi ssp steineri; new species, systematics, taxonomy K urzfassung Zwei neue Taxa, Gundelia aragatsi und G aragatsi ssp steineri werden in der bisher meist als monospezi fisch betrachteten Gattung Gundelia beschrieben Die Unterschiede, der Status einer möglichen weiteren unterscheidbaren Art, Gundelia sp (Garni), sowie die für die weitere Erforschung w ichtigen Merkmale werden diskutiert Introduction Gundelia tournefortii w as know n in A rm enia from a restricted area around G arni (Avetisisan 1995) In 2006 a non professional botanist, A lfred Steiner, m em ber o f a hiking tour group led by the authors, found a new population o f Gundelia near Echegnadzor, c 85 km SE o f the earlier know n area Later in the sam e year the first author found another population o f Gundelia on Mt A ragats, c 85 km W NW o f the earlier known area These populations are so different in their habit to the known one, that they could not be subsum m arized under G tournefortii, the only accepted nam e in the rele vant floras for this area (V a sil ' chenko I.T 1961, K upicha 1984, R echinger 1989, Avetisian 1995, SOFIEVA 1961) Material and methods Material has been collected on the same localities in 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009 at dif ferent times of the year Specimens are deposited in W and ERE, duplicates also in Dr Ernst Vitek, Naturhistorisches Museum W ien, Botanische Abteilung, Burgring 7, A-1010 Wien, Austria - ernst.vitek@ nhm-wien.ac.at Dr George Fayvush, Dr Kamilla Tamanyan, Institute for Botany, Academy o f Sciences, Botanic Garden, Acharian str 1, Yerevan 0063, Armenia - gfayvush@ yahoo.com, ktam anian@ yahoo.com ***Dr Birgit Gemeinholzer, Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin Dahlem, Freie Univer sität Berlin, Kưnigin-Luise-Stre 6-8, 14195 Berlin, Germany Abbreviations for herbaria follow Index herbariorum: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ 86 ©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, download unter Annalen cles www.biologiezentrum.at Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, B, 111 other herbaria The material was morphologically evaluated Furthermore, leaf material for DNA analysis has been transferred to Silicagel in the fleld and handed over to B Gemeinholzer (Berlin) Total genomic DNA was isolated from Armenian samples as well as from 10 dried herbarium specimens covering big part of the distribution ränge of the genus (details for specimens in Appendix 1) 24 mg per sample o f mostly leaf mate rial was taken The samples were crushed and DNA was then extracted using Quiagen DNeasy Mini Kit and following Standard procedure The ITS region was amplified in two overlapping parts using the primers ITS-A and ITS-C ( B la ttn e r 1999) for ITS 1, ITS2-D, ITS-B ( B la ttn e r 1999) for ITS or ITS-A and ITS-B for the complete region The following protocol during the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used: initial denaturation at 94°C, denaturation 20 sec at 94°C, annealing 45 sec at 52°C, elongation at 72°C (40 cycles) and final extension 10 at 72°C PCR was carried out with a reaction volume of 11.5jul core mix plus jlxI DNA (1:10, 1:50 or 1:100 dilution depending on usability) The reaction volume contained 8.05 [i\ ddH 20, 1.25 (il lOx buffer (Biothemi) and dNTP’s (Fermentas), 0.25 |il BSA (BioLabs), 0.25 jul o f each primer (10pm ol/|il) and 0.04 jul lu Taq-Polymerase (Biotherm) The PCR products were purified with Milipore DNA purification Kit (Roth) and then cycle sequencing was carried out using CEQ DCTS Quick Start Kit (Beckmann-Coulter) following the Standard procedure As sequencer a CEQ8000 (BeckmannCoulter) was used The sequences were edited in ChromasLite2000 (Technelysium Pty Ltd., Helensvale, Australia) and aligned by hand using BioEdit ( H a ll 1999) As not for all sequences the 5.8S rDNA was amplified and there are no expected mutations anyway, this region was excluded for calculation The alignments is available from B Gemeinholzer upon request The trees were reconstructed using MrBayes 3.1.2 (R on quist & H uelsenbeck 2003) and PAUP 4.0b 10 (S wofford 2002) A Bayesian Analysis was performed using gamma distribution rate Variation among sites and million generations of the MCMC chains in two independent runs, trees saved every 100 generations The first 30 000 trees were discarded as burn-in for the analysis then reached stationarity All other trees sampled were used to calculate a strict consensus tree The datasets were also analysed by using Maximum Parsimony All heuristic searches were conducted in Paup 4.0b 10 with equal weights, 1000 closest sequence additions and tree bisection-reconnection (TBR) branch swapping, permitting 10 trees to be held at each step An evaluation o f the trees was performed by using bootstrap analysis with 1000 replicates, equal weights, TBR swapping, MulTrees option in effect and 10 trees held at each step The strict consensus tree of Bayesian inference was compared to the bootstrap 50% majority rule consensus tree Trees were drawn using TreeView (Page 1996) Results of DNA-analyses The ITS region was amplified for a total o f 15 individuals from throughout the genus distribution ränge For calculations an already published sequence of Gundelia tournefortii (AY504691) with unknown providence was added as well as Catananche caerulea (AJ633465, AJ633466, AJ633467), C caespitosa (AJ633468), C arenaria (DB472), Scorzonera purpurea ssp purpurea (AJ633477), S crispatula (AJ633486), S villosa download www.biologiezentrum.at V i t e k , F a y v u s h , T a m a n y a n©Naturhistorisches & G e m e i n hMuseum o l z e r Wien, : New taxa unter o f Gundelia (Compositae) from Armenia 87 *G aragatsi ssp steineri Armenia FN582290 *G aragatsi ssp steineri Armenia FN5 82289 3/0.79 rC 66 / 1.00 64/0.87 100/1.00 87/1.00 9/0.97 *G aragatsi Armenia FN582288 *G aragatsi Armenia FN5 82283 *G sp A rmenia FN582287 *G tournefortii Turkey FN582281 *G tournefortii Iran FN582284 *G tournefortii Iran FN582277 *G tournefortii Iran FN582285 *G tournefortii Iran FN582278 *G tournefortii Afghanistan FN582275 *G tournefortii AY504691 *G tournefortii Iran FN582282 *G tournefortii Afghanistan FN582279 *G tournefortii Azerbaijan FN582280 *G tournefortii Turkey FN582286 Scorzonera purpurea PC Scorzonera crispatula 100/ 1.00 Tragopogon dubius 100 / 1.00 100/ 1.00 61/0.82 96/0.98 66/0.56 C AJ633503.1 Scorzonera villosa AJ633482 Scolymus maculatus AJ633469 Catananche caerulea AJ633465 PC Catananche caerulea 100/ 1.00 AJ633477 AJ633486 AJ633467 Catananche caerulea AJ633466 *Catananche arenaria FN582275 Catananche caespitosa AJ633468 W arionia saharae A Y 190608 Fig 1: Majority rule consensus tree o f the MP analysis with bootstrap values > 50 presented first and posterior probabilities > 0.50 second * are new results (vouchers see appendix 1) (AJ633482), Tragopogon dubius (AJ633503), using Warionia saharae (AY190608) as outgroup All calculations confirmed Gundelia to be monophyletic with strong statistical support (100% bootstrap support/1.00 likelihood support) Within Gundelia the analysis of the ITS region revealed little differentiation The Armenian specimen form a separate cluster together with one yellow flowered accession from Turkey branching off basally However the whole clade is only supported by veiy low bootstrap and likelihood support (53%/0.79) The Armenian taxa o f Gundelia feature close relationships The low genetic differentiation within the analyzed genetic marker reflects the limited variability of the ITS region within the genus due to recent differentiation or possibly pinpoints to a much more complex evolutionary picture of hybridization and adaptation For further analyses additional material, especially doubtless G rosea and material from the type area of G tournefortii needs to be screened with molecular methods discriminating on a smaller scale 88 ©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, download unter Annalen des www.biologiezentrum.at Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, B, 111 Fig 2: a) Gundelia tournefortii, Karacadag bei Diyarbakir, SE-Turkey; b-c) Iran, Tehran, ca 20 km to Karadj, Alborz mountains - a) © G Pils, b) © F Ghahremaninejad download www.biologiezentrum.at V it e k , F a y v u s h , T a m a n y a n©Naturhistorisches & G e m e i n h Museum o l z e r Wien, : New taxa unter o f Gundelia (Compositae) from Armenia 89 Fig 3: Gundelia sp., Annenia, near Garni: a) habitus, note the glabrous leaves; b) infructescence; c) single disseminule aggregated o f flowers; d) inflorescence with campanulate flowers, closed at ± noon, e-f) flowers, opening in ± late afternoon 90 ©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, download des unter Naturhistorischen www.biologiezentrum.at Annalen Museums in Wien, B, 111 Fig 4: Gundelia aragatsv a) habitat mountain steppe; b-c) probable pollinators, b) honey bee, Apis mellifera, c) pollen feeding beetles, Phyllopertha horticola; d) disseminules aggregated of three flowers; e) rare orange flowers; f) widely open dark brown flowers download www.biologiezentrum.at V i te k , F a y v u s h , T a m a n y a n©Naturhistorisches & G e m e i n h Museum o l z e r Wien, : New taxa unter o f Gundelia (Compositae) from Armenia 91 Fig 5: Gundelia aragatsi ssp steineri: a) locality in shrubby steppe; b) disseminules aggregated of three flowers; c) unripe infuctescence; d) inflorescence with campanulate flowers; e-f) dark to blackish brown flowers opening late afternoon, g) rare orange flowers - d) © A Steiner 92 ©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, download unter Annalen des www.biologiezentrum.at Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, B, 111 Results of morphological analyses Searching for a correct name for the three populations of Gundelia in Armenia it was realised, that the Linnean name of G tournefortii was not fixed by a type This was done by V it e k & J a r v is (2007), choosing material from Rauwolf as type and such connecting the name to cream flowering Gundelias in Aleppo (Syria) (R a u w o l f 1583) Differences in flower colours have been used to distinguish Gundelia tournefortii f purpurascens B o r n m (= G purpurascens B o r n m , nom inval in sched.) and var asperrima T r a u t v Later G rosea has been described ( A l -T a e y & H o s s e in 1984) Other attempts to distinguish different units within Gundelia concentrated on the shape of leaves, form and length o f bracts: var armata F r e y n & S i n t , var tenuisecta Boiss (= G tenuisecta (Boiss.) F r e y n & S i n t ) But these characters are obviously variable in both, G tournefortii and G rosea ( A l -T a e y & H o s s e in 1984) and therefore proved not to be useful for distinguishing taxonomic units A s consequence G rosea was reduced to synonymy (e.g R e c h in g e r 1989) and Gundelia treated as monospecific genus with the only variable species G tournefortii The three populations in Armenia differ in many characters from each other and from G tournefortii and G rosea (Table 1): Hairiness o f leaves and inflorescence, flower colour and shape, observed respectively assumed pollinator, size and aggregation o f disseminule Therefore the two taxa, which cannot be assigned to any earlier known species are described here as new The third one has sim ilar flow er colour to G rosea, but the draw ing o f the fruit o f G rosea in A l-T a e y & H o s s a in (1984) show double size and different form - therefore also this population could constitute a well defined species We refrain at the m om ent to describe it, unless Gundelia glabra M i l le r , a taxon described from "near B aibout in Arm enia" (now Bayburt, Turkey) put in synonym y to G tournefortii by K u p ic h a (1984), is clarified and typified - the epithet "glabra" and the description " acanthi aculeati folio, capite glabro" w ould perfectly fit the plants from the surroundings o f Garni (c 14 lcm E o f Yerevan) The habitat is a forbs-grasses steppe w ith Aegilops cylindrica, Avena sterilis, Bromus danthoniae, Bromus tectorum, Festuca valesiaca, Hordeum bulbosum, Koeleria macrantha, Secale montanum, the forbs Acroptilon repens, Anchusa orientalis, Cephalaria syriaca, Consolida orientalis, Falcaria vulgaris, Glaucium elegans, Hypecoum pendulum, Picnomon acarna, Reseda lutea, Roemeria refracta, Xeranthemum squarrosum, and spring ephem eroids Iris elegantissima, Merendera trigyna The authors discussed several times which taxonomic status should be given to the new Gundelia from Mt Aragats The dark brown flowers - especially in connection with the rare orange flowered plants - could be interpreted as extreme coloured variant of the yel low G tournefortii The findings o f the differences in the aggregation o f the flowers and the fraits (Fig 6) were the last impetus to describe it as distinct species: G aragatsi Gundelia aragatsi V itek, Fayvush, Tamanyan & G emeinholzer, sp.n Descriptio: Herba perennis, lactifera, crassicaulis Folia altema, pinnatisecta usque ad ± incom plete pinnatisecta, spinoso-dentata, superiora decrescentia et minus dissecta, arachnoidea Inflorescentiae solitariae, usque ad x cm (bracteis inclusis), dense download www.biologiezentrum.at V i te k F a y v u s h , T a m a n y a n©Naturhistorisches & G e m e i n h Museum o l z e r Wien, : New taxa unter o f Gundelia (Compositae) from Armenia 93 ^ * ♦ * * ♦ < » » M u t i *| t ^ ^ t n i $ % % # * w Ä i H $f Đ 1Đ % ô %f t M *■ > ^ , v * t• r Fig 5: Ripe disseminules o f a) Gundelia aragatsi, Teher 11.7.2007, b) G aragatsi ssp steineri, Oganesian & al 07-0055, c) G sp (Armenia), Teher 11.7.2007 arachnoideae Bracteae spinoso-marginatae, inflorescentiam vix excedentes, apice in spinam induratam protractae Flores explicate aperientes, fusci ad pulli, rariter aurantiaci Fractus fere (-4) floribus compositi, usque ad 12 mm longi A G toumefortii et G rosea floribus fuscis et forma fructuum, ab G mento arachnoideo, floribus fuscis et forma fructuum differt sp.(Gami) indu- Differs of G toumefortii and G rosea by the dark brown flowers and the form o f the fruits composed only of three flowers, differs of G sp (Gami) by the dark brown flow ers, the form o f the fruits and the arachnoid hairs on leaves and inflorescence Distribution: Mt Aragats, southwestem flank, around villages Baysiz and Kakavadzor; observed area with more than km diameter, but probably also further north and northeast (Fig 7) Type: Armenia, Aragatsotn province, Mt Aragats SW-slope, track between Avtona water reservoir and Kakavadzor, 1880 m s.m , 40°22'5"N/44°2'49"E, 2007-06-23 G Fayvush, K Tamanyan, H Ter-Voskanyan, E Vitek 07-1373 [holotype ERE, isotypes W (four sheets) 2009-18514-2009-18517, B, BC, BM, BRNU, E, MO, MSB, NY, WU] Other material: Armenia, Aragatsotn province, SE slopes o f Mt Aragats, track from water reservoir below Avtona to Kakavadzor, 1890 m s.m , 40°22'5"N/44°2'49"E, 2006-06-05 E Vitek 06-1218 [ERE, W 2009-18510-2009-18511, B]; - Armenia, Ara gatsotn province, SE slopes o f Mt Aragats, road from Kakavadzor to Baysiz, 1760 m 94 ©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, download unter Annalen des www.biologiezentrum.at Naturhistovischen Museums in Wien, B, 11 ] T ab 1: C o m p a riso n o f ch aracters o f th e A rm en ia n taxa o f Gundelia w ith G tournefortii and G rosea C haracter G aragatsi (F ig ) G aragatsi ssp steineri (F ig 5) material Armenia, S flank o f Mt Aragats Armenia, near Echegnadzor leaves hairy densely hairy’1 inflorescence densely hairy densely hairy outside blackish brown, inside dark brown, outside greyish (rusty) brown to blackish brown, inside blackish brown, very rarely dark orange Flower colour very rarely dark orange shape o f upper part spread campanulate opening o f flower widely open during the day closed during the day, opening afternoon (or dark sky) observed flower visitors / probable pollinators beetles (pollen feeders), ? (possibly night butterflies) Phyllopertha horticola (H Schönmann, pers comm.); honey bee, Apis mellifera (H Zettel, pers comm.) flower aggregate of (-5 ) flowers flowers ripe fruits** o f flowers flowers cypsela form (Fig 6) ± triangular transverse section habitat altitude, m s.m (Fig 6) 9-12 x -9 x 3-5 mm ± triangular -12 x -9 x 3-5 mm naiTow ovate narrow ovate mountain steppe shibliak 1700-1900 1000-1100 * Long, soft, multicellular hairs, for the evolutionary value o f this character see K aris & al 2001 ** In the field in rare cases different numbers o f flowers aggregating to one disseminule could be observed, especially in the lowermost and upperm ost parts o f inflorescences The analysis o f ripe fruits later in the year showed a nearly constant number download www.biologiezentrum.at V it e k , F a y v u s h , T a m a n y a n©Naturhistorisches & G e m e i n hMuseum o l z e r Wien, : New taxa unter o f Gundelia (Compositae) from Armenia 95 O f G tournefortii and G rosea n o fresh and liv in g m a teria l c o u ld b e in v e stig a te d T h e data given in floras can b e u sed o n ly w ith doub t - o b v io u sly there is m ore than o n e taxon (se e d iscu ssio n ) G sp (G arn i) (F ig ) G tournefortii (F ig ) Armenia, near Garni based mainly on the type extracted from and photos A l - T a e y & H o s s a in ( ) glabrous hairy to densely hairy ? ± glabrous, with very few hairs on bracts hairy to densely hairy ? dark pink to purple, creamy to yellow (green) bright to light pink inside, deep purple outside rarely whitish (N e r s e s y a n , pers comm.) campanulate to slightly spread spread closed during the day, widely open during the day G rosea opening late afternoon (or dark sky) ? (possibly night butterflies) 6(-9) flowers 5-7 (_?)*** flowers more than 5-8 (-11) flowers 5-7 flowers *** ? obconical 11-15 x 7-11 x 7_11 mm obconical obovoid -1 x x mm 15-20 mm ( A l- T a e y & H o s s a in 1984, M e ik le 1985) ± circle ± circle cf ± circle ± humid steppe dry slopes, sometimes (semi-) ruderal, weed in fields pine woodland, on red rocky soil 0 -1 0 (0 - ) 0 -2 0 0 - 0 (- ? ) ( P il s 0 , M e ik l e ) ***The complex structure o f the inflorescence o f Gundelia with disseminules aggregated o f -7 flowers is described by C l a s s e n - B o c k h o f f & al 1989 It is supposed that the investigated material from SWTurkey is G tournefortii 96 ©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, download unter Annalen des www.biologiezentrum.at Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, B, 1} j s.m , 40°21,4 r ,N /4 ° '4 r,E, 2006-06-05 E Vitek 06-1233 [ERE, W 2009-185032009-18504]; - Armenia, A ragatsotn province, Mt Aragats SW-slope, above road Kakavadzor - Baysiz, 1720 m s.m , 40o21'41"N/44°3l41"E, 2007-06-23 G Fayvush, K Tamanyan, H Ter-Voskanyan, E Vitek 07-1405 [ERE, W 2009-18512]; - Armenia, Aragtsotn province, SE slope o f Mt Aragats, NE of Baysiz, 1860 m s.m., 40°22'14"N/ 44°03'47"E, 2009-06-10 G Fayvush, K Tamanyan, E Vitek 09-0839 [ERE, W 200918588-2009-18589]; - Armenia, Aragtsotn province, SE slope o f Mt Aragats, E of Baysiz, 1810m s.m., 40°2r46"N /44°04'H "E, 2009-06-10 G Fayvush, K Tamanyan, E Vitek 09-0840 [ERE, W 2009-18505-2009-18507]; - (fruits) Armenia, Aragatsotn pro vince, SE slopes of Mt Aragats, track from water reservoir below Avtona to Kakavad zor, 1875 m s.m., 40°21'59"N/44o2'44"E, 2007-07-11 S Ter-Pogoshyan [ERE, W 200918773, B, BC, E, NY], The habitat on Aragats mountain is an intensively grazed mountain meadow-steppe with tragacanth elements: Gundelia aragatsi, Astragalus microcephalus, Achillea millefolium, Dactylis glomerata, Poa bulbosa, Scutellaria orientalis, Cerinthe minor, Lotus caucasicus, Rindern lanata, Cousinia brachyptera, Anisantha tectorum, Alkanna orien talis, Prangos ferulacea, Asperula glom erata, Lappula barbata, and rare and very sparse shrubs: Cotoneaster integerrimus, Rhamnus cathartica, Crataegus meyeri The name remembers the locality on Mt Aragats The population near Echegnadzor is without any doubt closely related to G aragatsi also confirmed by the low genetic differentiation (Fig 1) - but they should be differed taxonomically Based on the marked differences in habitat and pollinator (opening time o f flowers), and some morphological differences (e.g shape and colour o f flowers) the rank o f subspecies seems to be adequate, and therefore these plants are described as Gundelia aragatsi ssp steineri Gundelia aragatsi ssp steineri V itek , Fayvush, Tamanyan & G em ein h olzer ssp.n Descriptio: Herba perennis, lactifera, crassicaulis Folia altema, pinnatisecta usque ad ± incom plete pinnatisecta, spinoso-dentata, superiora decrescentia et minus dissecta, arachnoidea Inflorescentiae solitariae, usque ad x cm (bracteis inclusis), ± dense arachnoideae Bracteae spinoso-marginatae, inflorescentiam vix excedentes, apice in spinam induratam protractae Flores campanulati, aperientes post meridiem, umbrini Fructus fere floribus compositi, usque ad 12 mm longi A Gundelia aragatsi floribus umbrinis aperientibus post meridiem, altitudine distributionis et habitatione differt Differs of G aragatsi by the campanulate flowers, opening in the aftemoon (or at dark sky), and in growing in a different altitude and habitat Distribution: Only the type locality known, one population in an area of c 100 x 200 m (Fig 7) Type: Armenia, Vayots Dzor province, mainroad to south Armenia, W of Yeghegnadzor, SE o f crossroad to Erechgnadzor, slope S o f river, 1050 m.s.m, dry rocky slope, 39°44'21"N/45015'3"E, 2009-06-01 G Fayvush, K Tamanyan, E Vitek 09-0700 [holo type ERE, isotypes W 2009-18513, B, BC, E, MO, MSB, NY, WU] download www.biologiezentrum.at V iti -'K, F a y v u s h , T a m a n y a n©Naturhistorisches & G e m e i n h Museum o l z e r :Wien, New taxa unter o f Gundelia (Compositae) from Armenia 97 Fig 7: M ap o f A r m e n ia w ith the flo r istic p r o v in c e s ( T a k h ta ja n ) and th e lo c a litie s o f Gun delia aragatsi ( ★ ) , G aragatsi ssp steineri ( K ) and Gundelia sp ( + ) b a se d on sp e c im e n s and field n o tes F o r b etter o rien ta tio n Y e r e v a n ( □ ) and M t A ragats ( ^ are sh o w n Other material: Armenia, Vayots Dzor province, m ainroad to south Armenia, W o f Yeghegnadzor, SE of crossroad to Erechgnadzor, 2006-07-26 H.Ter-Voskanyan, A Aslanyan [ERE]; - Armenia, Vayots Dzor province, mainroad to south Armenia, W of Yeghegnadzor, SE of crossroad to Erechgnadzor, slope S o f river, 1050 m.s.m, dry rocky slope, 39044'21"N/45°15'3"E, 2007-06-11 M Oganesian, H Ter-Voskanyan, E Vitek 07-0055 [ERE, W 2009-18501-2009-18502, B, MSB, NY] The habitat in the gorge of Arpa river is a Shibliak formation, in which Gundelia aragtsi ssp steineri is a main dominant of the community, accompanied by shrubs: Atraphaxis spinosa, Eurotia ceratoides, Rosa spinosissima, and herbs: Achillea millefolium s.L, Aegilops cylindrica, Artemisia fragrans, Melica transsilvanica, Stachys inflata, Thymus kotschyanus The name is given in honour o f Alfred Steiner (Oberwaltersdorf, A ustria), who detected this population Discussion Earlier attempts for distinguishing taxa within Gundelia using flowers colour, the length of the bracteose leaves in the inflorescence and the form o f the leaves failed These characters are variable and obviously the leaf characters are not correlated with natural taxonomic units Therefore Gundelia for long time was seen as monospecific genus The description of Gundelia rosea has been ignored or this taxon was treated as synonym to G toumefortii The here reported new results show that Gundelia is not monospecific, there are clearly distinguishable species within the genus The important characters seem to be flower colour, shape and size o f fruits and possibly also the differences of the ©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, download des unter www.biologiezentrum.at Awicilen Naturhistorischen 98 Museums in Wien, B, 111 indumentum The ITS tree shows several clades, but the material cannot be correlated with these morphological characters at the moment, because for many of the herbarium collections part o f this information is lacking Future collected material with full Infor mation will allow a clearer picture on the evolution o f Gundelia Acknowledgements We thank the other members o f the Annenian collecting team: M Oganesian and H Ter-Voskanian (Yerevan) for support during field work and S Ter-Poghosyan (Yerevan) for collecting ripe fruits A Steiner (Ober waltersdorf), F Ghahremaninejad (Tehran) and G Pils (Spittal/Drau) allowed the use o f photos, H Schön mann and H Zettel (Vienna) determined the pollinators, B Elci (Ankara) provided plant material from Turkey, and H Fleischer-Notter (Berlin) assisted in the laboratory References R A & H o s s a i n M , 1984: S tu d ie s in G undelia : I, a n e w sp e c ie s from Iraq - N o t R o y B o t G ard E d in b 4 : ^ A l-T aey A V E , 9 : G u n d e lie a e - In: A rm en ii 9: 2 - v e t is ia n A v e t isia n V E & O g a n e s ia n M E (e d s.): F lora F R , 9 D ir e c t a m p lific a tio n o f th e en tire IT S re g io n from p o o r ly p reserv ed plant m aterial u s in g r eco m b in a n t P C R - B io T e c h n iq u e s 27: 1 -1 B lattner J., 1939: Iter P e r sic o -tu r c icu m - B eiträ g e zur F lora v o n P ersien , B a b y lo n ie n , A ssy r ie n , A b ien - B o t C en tra lb l., B e ih B : -2 B ornm üller C l a sse n -B ockhoff R , F roebe H A & L a n g e r b e in s D , 1989: D ie In flo re szen zstru k tu r v o n Gundelia tournefortii L (A ste r a c e a e ) - F lora 182: ^ F reyn J., 1892: P la n ta e n o v a e O rien ta lis - O esterr B o t Z 2: -1 a c h m a n n K , 0 : S c r e e n in g th e a p p lic a b ility o f m o le c u la r m a rk ers fo r p la n t id e n tific a tio n u s in g th e IT S s e q u e n c e s o f A s te r a c e a e s p e c ie s b e lo n g in g to th e trib es L a c tu c e a e and A n th e m id e a e - T a x o n 55: -1 G e m e in h o l z e r B , O b e r p r ie l e r C h & B H all K a r is T A , 1999: B io E d it: a u se r -fr ie n d ly b io lo g ic a l se q u e n c e a lig n m e n t ed itor and a n a ly sis p ro gram for W in d o w s /9 /N T - N u c l e i c A c id s S y m p Ser 1: - P O , E ldenäs P & K ä l l e r sjö M , 0 : N e w e v id e n c e for the sy ste m a tic p o sitio n o f Gundelia L w ith n o te s o n d e lim ita tio n o f A r c to te a e (A ster a c ea e ) - T a x o n 50: -1 F K , 1984: Gundelia - In: D a v i s P H , M a t t h e w s V A , K u p ic h a F K , (ed s.): F lora o f T u rk ey and th e E ast A e g e a n Isla n d s 5: - K u p ic h a M e ik l e , R D , 1985: F lora o f C yp ru s - K ew : R o y a l B o ta n ic G ardens M il l e r 1768: G ard en ers D ic tio n a r y , ed 8: G U N - L on d on N er sesy a n P il s P M , P a r r is B S A A & N a z a r o v a E A , 9 : K a r y o s y s te m a tic stu d y o f G undelia tournefortii (A ste r a c e a e ) - B o t Z urn 74: - G , 0 : F lo w e r s o f T u rk ey - a p h o to g u id e - E ig e n v e r la g P ils L , 1583: A ig e n tlic h e b e sc h r e ib u n g d er R aiß , so er vor d iser z e it g e g e n A u ffg a n g inn d ie M o rg en lä n d er, fü r n e m lic h S y ria m , Ju d a ea m , A rab iam , M e so p o ta m ia m , B a b y lo n ia m , A s s y r ia m , A r m e n ia m u n ic h t o h n e g e r in g e m ü h e u n n d g r o sse g e fa h r se lb s volb ch t: n e b e n V erm eid u n g v il an derer se ltsa m e r u n d d en c k w ü r d ig er sa ch en , d ie a lle er a u ff s o l ch er e r k u n d ig e t,g e se h e n u nd o b serv iert hat - L a u g in g en Rauw olf R e c h in g e r K H , 1989: Gundelia - In: R e c h in g e r K H (e d ) F lora Iranica, 164: -1 download www.biologiezentrum.at V i t e k , F a y v u s h , T a m a n y a n©Naturhistorisches & G e m e i n hMuseum o l z e r Wien, : New taxa unter o f Gundelia (Compositae) from Armenia 99 F & H u e ls e n b e c k J P , 0 : M r B a y e s 3: B a y e s ia n p h y lo g e n e tic in fe r e n c e u n d er m ix e d m o d e ls - B io in fo r m a tic s 19: - R o n q u is t S o f ie v a R M , 1961: Gundelia L - In: F lora o f A zerb a jd zh a n 8: -3 T a k h t a ja n A L , 195 : F lo A r m e n ii - Y erev a n : A k a d e m ia N a u k V a sil'c h e n k o I.T , 961: Gundelia L - In: S hishkin B.K & B o b ro v E G (ed s.): F lora SSSR 26: D L , 0 : P A U P * : P h y lo g e n e tic a n a ly se s u sin g p a r sim o n y (* and oth er m eth o d s) B eta - S in a u er A s s o c ia te s , S u n d erlan d , M A Sw offord V itek E & J a rv is C E , 0 : T h e ty p ific a tio n o f Gundelia toum efortii L (C o m p o sita e ) - A n n N atu rh ist M u s W ie n , B , 108: - A ppendix 1: M aterial u se d fo r D N A -a n a ly s e s T h e c o m p le te data o f th e sp e c im e n s from W can be fou n d in V irtu a l H erbaria (h ttp ://h erb a riu m u n iv ie.a c.a t/d a ta b a se/sea rch p h p ) database number T axon G aragatsi ssp steineri FN582290 G aragatsi ssp steineri FN 582289 FN582288 G aragatsi voucher origin W 2009-0018501 W 2009-0018501 W 2009-0018514 G aragatsi FN582283 W 2009-0018510 Armenia Armenia Armenia Armenia G G G G sp toumefortii toumefortii toumefortii FN582287 FN582281 FN582284 W 2009-0018774 W 1976-0007273 W 2001-0011207 Armenia Turkey Iran FN582277 G toumefortii G toumefortii G toumefortii FN582285 FN582278 FN582276 W 1965-0015396 W 2001-0010125 W 1965-0017153 Iran Iran Iran W 1994-0005375 Afghanistan G toumefortii G toumefortii AY504691 FN582282 G toumefortii G toumefortii G toumefortii FN582279 FN582280 FN582286 Scorzonera purpurea Scorzonera crispatula Tragopogon dubius Scorzonera villosa Scolymus maculatus Catananche caerulea AJ633477 AJ633486 A J633503.1 AJ633482 GAT GAT GAT AJ633469 AJ633465 GAT GAT Catananche caerulea Catananche caerulea Catananche arenaria AJ633467 AJ633466 FN582275 GAT Catananche caespitosa Warionia saharae AJ633468 A Y 190608 GAT W 1958-0000263 W 1976-0001491 W 1975-0005807 B GAT GAT B annotation var armata Iran Afghanistan Azerbaijan Turkey Poland France Germany Germany Netherlands Germany France Netherland Morocco Germany cultivated cultivated cultivated cultivated cultivated cultivated cultivated cultivated cultivated A p p e n d ix 2: M aterial o f Gundelia sp e s p e c ia lly u se d fo r co m p arison : A rm enia, K otayk province, E o f Y erevan, road from G eghadir to G am i, 1555 m S m , 40°8'23"N / 44°39'45"E, 2007-06-18 K Tamanyan, M O ganesian, E Vitek 07-0738 [ERE, W 2009-18499-200918500, B]; - (fruits) Armenia, Kotayk province, E o f Yerevan, road from Atsavan to Garni, 1533 m s.m., 40o08'25"N/44°39'44"E, 2007-07-11 S Ter-Pogoshyan [ERE, W 2009-18774, B, NY], ... discriminating on a smaller scale 88 ©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, download unter Annalen des www.biologiezentrum.at Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, B, 111 Fig 2: a) Gundelia tournefortii, Karacadag... opening in ± late afternoon 90 ©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, download des unter Naturhistorischen www.biologiezentrum.at Annalen Museums in Wien, B, 111 Fig 4: Gundelia aragatsv a) habitat mountain... orange flowers - d) © A Steiner 92 ©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, download unter Annalen des www.biologiezentrum.at Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, B, 111 Results of morphological analyses Searching
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