The Macrolepidoptera of the World V05-2, Seitz

f5=V^ SATYRIDAE ^T^ G Weymer 173 Family: Satyridae This family, which By very rich both in genera and sjiecies, is well distinguished by several characters not only in the perfect insect but also as larva and pupa, so that Satyrids are easy to recognise in is all stages One of the chief characteristics of the butterflies consists in the basally swollen veins of the fore- In most cases it is only the costal vein which shows this bladder-like thickening, in many cases the median likewise has it, but in some genera also the submedian, e g in Oressinoma, Coeno7iympha, and to a less extent in Pierella The first three genera Callitaera, Haetera and Pierella have the submedian of the forewing, apart from the above-mentioned bladder-like thickening, also basally forked and form in this the transition to the Ithomias, which is also indicated by the partly thin, hair-like scaling and the transparency of the wings Of the subcostal veins mostly arise before and the rest behind the end of the cell of the forewing, but several genera differ in that the subcostal vein only arises at the end of the cell or behind it The middle cell of both wings in all the Satyrids is closed, the lower discocellular vein of the hind-^-ing moreover in almost all the genera runs into the curve of the upper median; only in two of the first genera, in Haetera and Pierella, is this not the case In Haetera the lower discocellular and the median meet at the origin of the middle median vein, in the genus Pierella on the other hand between the origin of the middle and that of the lower median wing The shape fore^^'ing, of the wings is Sometimes both wings are rounded, sometimes only the undulate or dentate Often the forewing also shows angles rather variable whilst the margin of the hindwing is at one of the racUals, sometimes the apex of this wing is sickle-shaped or the costal margin itself is produced into a sharp point Moreover sharper angles and points occur at the three median veins and at the submedian of the hindwing or the lower median vein is prolonged into a rather long tail {Corades and Bia) The inner margin of the forewing in the greater number of species is straight or deviates but little from the rectilinear, only in the (J(^ of the genus Antirrhaea and in one species of Caerois is it so much outciu'ved that the anterior part of the hindwing is covered by it In this expansion is placed on the under surface between median and submedian the so-called scent-organ, consisting of a row of closely approximated, stiff hairs, which often form a semicircle or a wedge-shaped, pointed ellipse, the curlj^ tips of the hairs bending over towards one another In addition to the genus Antirrhaea the scent-organ is only found in the ^^ of the Caerois-species In one species of this latter genus, however, it is placed close to the inner angle on the underside of the forewing, so that it is not covered by the hindwing Tufts of hair are also found in the genus Bia on the upperside of the hindwing, smaller hair-pencils in some Euptychia Perhaps these may likewise be regarded as scent-organs, as they only occur in the ^^ The greater proportion of the species of Satyrids are above uniform dark brown, so that the markings are confined to the under surface Here belong most species of the genera Taygetis, Euptychia, Lymanopoda, Pedaliodes and Pronophila But all these genera show at the same time a number of species which are brightly coloured also on the upper surface and have striking and beautiful markings On the underside the ocellated markings are represented in a variety of ways Several species have also beneath larger or smaller silver spots or silver stripes and dots Some Chilian species have the wings entirely silver-coloured above The antennae of the Satyrids are mostly thin and delicate, at the same time rather short, not reaching half the length of the forewing The shaft widens very gradually into the little-thickened club, only a few genera have a short, broad club The palpi are usually densely and strongly haired, sometimes the eyes are also hairy, the forelegs in both sexes aborted The eggs of the American Satyrids, as far The larvae several species is known, have a rather spherical by raised transverse ridges as they are spherical form, with the sides ribbed or regularly divided are spindle-shaped, thicker in the middle, or hemi- narrowed towards each end, but the head in thicker than the anterior segments, also sometimes with short, obtuse horns above, in The body terminates at the posterior end in points, which are mostlj^ straight, but sometimes also curved upwards The colour is mostly green, but there occur also longitudinal stripes of various colours They live on grasses, reeds, species of bamboo, sugar-cane and palms, remain bidden by day and come out at dusk to feed others also at the sides provided with conical protuberances on which are placed short bristly hairs smooth or finely granulated, spineless The pupae are comparatively short and thick, without strikingly projecting angles attached at the tail-end or lie free on the earth or are hidden under stones They are either Many of the tropical Satyrids are dusk-butterflies, i e they remain at rest all day and fly about near the ground in the early morning and the dusk of evening with unsteady, sometimes jumpy flight in woods or thickets Here belong the dark-coloured species of Taygetis and Euptychia All day long we find single Taygetis in the dense timber-forests, resting with closed wings on the ground, where they can CALLITAERA 174 By G Weymer Herr scarcely be distinguished from the dried fohage and are not noticed until they fly up has been kind enough to give me these notes on the habits of the Satyrids, for which I who Haensch, am much indebted to him, has observed that specimens when pursued lay down flat on the dry leaves on the ground and could then only be found by startling them up The transparent species of Callitaera and Haetera, as well as the nearly allied Pierella, are always found in the shady timber-forests, mostly singly near the ground, and prefer the narrow foot-paths When one comes near them, they rise at a distance of a few paces and fly along the path close to the ground, soon settling again, but only again to fly In this way the weak-flighted insects may often be followed for quite a distance, off on being pursued The least shy of light are the genera Oxeoschistus, until, leaving the path, they are lost in the wood These are freLasiophila, PedaUodes and Corades, thus in general the most brightly coloured forms quently mountain species, occurring at elevations of over 2000 m They are met with gregariously fluttering backwards and forwards on the road or feeding on the ground at the excrement of cattle and other The species of Corades substances, but always near to thickets, where thej^ take refuge in danger not easy to recognize in a bush, as they rest on twigs with the wings closed after the manner of Kallima foul are in America from the extreme south (Tierra del Fuego) to the arctic Fuego produces an Erebia and a Cosmosatyrus, whilst in the northern region occur, besides representatives of the genus Erebia, also of the genera Coenonymplia, Satyrodes- and Oeneis In the high mountains of South America the Satyrids ascend to the snow-line and hence we find in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia even at elevations of over 4000 m single representatives of the genera PedaUodes, Lymanofoda, Pseudomaniola and Cosmosatyrus Among these inhabitants of the mounHence tains there are some species which are verj^ local and only have a limited range of distribution The Satyrids are distributed regions of the far north Tierra del on closer investigation of such remote, hitherto Genus: little explored districts Callitaera new forms are still found Btlr with thin body, transparent, thinly scaled, rounded wings, small, sparsely The costal vein of the forewing is strongly haired palpi, thin antennae, only a little thickened apicaUjr swollen at the base, the median on the other hand but little, the submedian is basally forked Two subIn the hindwing in this costal veins arise before the end of the cell, the upper discocellular is absent and the following genera the costal and subcostal veins arise from the base near together The lower discocellular runs into the origin of the upper median vein The species are distributed over tropical South and Central America They fh- slowh' and low in the early morning hours in dark timber-forests Several of the species are very similar and all are of nearly the same size Delicate butterflies — menander Forewing mth the margins narrowly dusted C menander Drury (= andromeda F (pt.)) (42 a) with brownish and fine brown transverse lines, one rimning through the middle of the cell, the other across the discocellulars, but both extending from the costal to the inner margin On the hindwing near the distal margin and apex a round black ej^e surrounded by a yellow and a brown ring and with a white pupil, which, however, is not placed in the middle but at the distal margin of the black part The inner transverse line of the forewing is continued indistinctly on the hindwing, the outer one is somewhat broader and more band-like, forms on the anterior median vein a distally directed, acute angle and then extends to the hiudmargin The posterior part of the distal margin is narrowly edged with brownish and Central the space between it and the above-mentioned band is light rose-red, especially in the (SAmerica Colombia — pireia very similar to the preceding species and differs from it chiefly in having in hindwing near the brown distal-marginal stripe a further brown submarginal stripe, which is not present in menander AU these stripes, marginal, submarginal and outer median, are covered, as it were, by the hght rose-red colour From the Upper Amazon, Ecuador C pireta Cr the posterior half (42 a) of is the — aurora C aurora Fldr is similar to the preceding species, but according to the original discription is not marked with purple but pale lilac in the posterior part of the hindwing and is dusted with ochre-yellow, and also has the ocelh on the wings elongated The figm-e of aurora in Staudingee's exotic work pi 77 does not agree ^vith this This figure I regard as belonging rather to the following aurorina; aurora Fldr — Colombia and North Brazil aurorina form nov (= aurora Stgr nee Fldr.) (42 a) I give this name to the form similar to pireta Cr., in which the Ught rose- or pm'ple-red colour of the hindwing extends from the distal margin into the ceU and nearly reaches the base of the ^ving From Colombia and aurorina occurs in the pelhwida Upper Amazon C pellucida entirely absent Btlr (42 b) is a species similar to The brown marginal band and the menander Drury, in which the rose-red dusting similarly colom-ed submarginal band of is the hind^\dng DS1 HAETEEA are connected by short brown stripes lying along the veins Cayenne near the eye-spot — 175 Btj G Weijmer There are brown clots before the margin Very similar to the preceding species, but has the brown philis C philis Cr (= cissa Hbn.) (42 b) marginal and submarginal stripes of the hindwing somewhat narrower and the median area before these stripes sprinkled over with violet-blue dust, which, however, is laid on so thinly that the "wing remains transparent, only in certain positions showing a very distinct blue reflection Surinam harpalyce Btlr harpalyee is probably only a local form of the preceding, which has the blue reflection along the median veins specially distinct, and which in addition to the eye at the anterior part of the distal margin has also a small eye with a yellow ring between the middle and lower median veins From the Upper Amazon — (The older name midromeda F cannot be employed for this species, because esmeralda C esmeralda DM Fabkicius has mixed up several species together under this name.) Similar to the preceding species, but the blue reflection in the central area of the hindwing is wanting Instead of this the posterior part of the distal margin is bluish violet, and at each side of the lower median vein is placed in this border The eye in the anterior part of the distal margin is as in the other a red-yellow ring with white centre species As bandusia bandusia Between this and the two posterior oceUi there are round white spots Para Stgr an esmeralda-ioxm has been described in which instead of the two anal ocelli of the hindwing there are two reddish white spots placed in a large cyaneous spot From the Eio Maues, a tributary of the Lower — Amazon & Salv (42 b) Forewing without markings Hindwing at the anal angle with pyropina C pyropina Godm brownish violet distal margin which extends to the lower radial In this are placed rose-red spots and close to the margin a narrow rose-red stripe The ocellus in the anterior part of the distal margin is as in the alHed species, behind this is a white dot From Bolivia and East Peru broad, — The only species of the genus which shows on the hindwing no red or blue colour- The wings are shorter and broader than in the other species Costal and distal margins of the forewing are narrowly brown, half and entire narrow brown transverse stripes traverse the forewing, whilst the hindwing has only a marginal and a submarginal band, of which the latter is strongly angled The ocellus in the anterior part of the distal margin as in the other species From Nicaragua, Chiriqui in Panama, Costa Piica, Colombia, rare C polita Hew (42 b) polita — Genus: Haetera F on an average somewhat larger than those of the genus Gallitaera, but the wings are equally dehcate and transparent, and the submedian of the forewing is forked at the base But the costal vein of the forewing is less strongly inflated The principal difference, however, consists in the This vein ends at the origin of the middle median position of the lower discocellular of the hindwing vein The discocellulars are placed vertically and form almost a straight line, the apex of the cell The butterflies are being acute H piera L ($ = anacardii F nee L.) (42 c) Forewing diaphanous, without markings, only with piera narrow brownish costal and distal margins Hindwing in and behind the middle with fine ochre-yellow dusting, with a fine brownish transverse stripe, which is strongly angled in the middle and whose posterior part in the $ is darker and more distinct, with brownish distal margin, which forms in the middle a somewhat obtuse angle Before the distal margin anteriorly a larger and posteriorly a smaller black Both ocelli have ocellus, the former with obhquely placed, the latter with centrally placed white pupil ochre-yeUow iris and brown ring; between the ocelh white dots Common in Guiana and on the whole In the forests of the Cordilleras of Colombia common of the Amazon, extending to the south of Brazil 2-500 m FHght very slow The egg is spherical, somewhat flattened at the base, at elevations of 1200 smooth, shiny white diaphana Luc (= hymenaea Fldr.) is a form of piera, in which the ochre-yellow diaphana dusting on the hindwing is absent and the brown markings are more distinctly prominent Bahia negra Fldr is another, larger, form of piera, in which the brown submarginal stripe in the cJ is effaced negra and the marginal stripe placed further from the margin In the $ both stripes are narrower and the unocellata form nov (42 c), a hitherto unocellata proximal one is more curved than in the type form Eio Negro undescribed local form of piera, has on the hindwing only the smaller ocellus before the anal angle The other larger eye-spot at the apex is absent or only indicated by a black dot The brownish submarginal band is only distinct in the posterior half of the wing and the space between it and the brownish distal margin is dusted with ochre-yellow at the anal angle On the under surface the iris of the eye-spot is not red-yellow, but sulphur-yellow and twice as broad, the black centre on the contrary much smaller than — — — — above Bolivia PIEEELLA 176 maclean- By G Weymer H macleannania Bates (= diaphana Btlr & Bruce nee Luc.) (42 c), a similar, somewhat larger ^\-itli the wing-expanse 72 80 mm., which is distinguished bj^ having the posterior half of the hindwing in the $ rose-red between distal margin and submarginal stripe In the ^ this rose-red colouring The brown submarginal stripe is is only present in the obtuse angle in the middle of the distal margin mostly broader and more distinct than in fiera, the eye-spots vary in size, sometimes in the $ attaining a diameter of mm The ochre-yellow dusting in the diaphanous part of the hindwing is absent — nania species, — Panama and hypaesia Costa Eica an easily recognized species, in which the broad dark brown submarginal with the hke-coloured distal margin, so that a marginal band of mm On the forewing a narrow stripe of in breadth is formed, in which is placed in each cell a hyahne spot dark bro'WTi dusting runs from the discocellular to the inner margin Above the eye-spots of the hindwing are not distinguishable, beneath on the contrary distinct, one between the radials, the other close beside the middle median vein Both are black with brownish yellow ring and white pupil In many specimens Common in Colombia, Ecuador, the submarginal band is traversed by a row of brownish yellow lunules Peru and BoUvia at elevations of 1000 2200 m H hypaesia Hew (42 band c) is — of the hind-^dng is united — — Genus: Pierella Westiv The shape of the foremng is similar as in the preceding genera, but that of the hindwing different The distal margin of this wing is in most species undulate, in some it is obtusely angled at the upper median vein, in draconiis it is produced into a point Although the wings are more densely scaled than The wings in Callitaera and Haetera, yet the scahng is not nearly so dense as in the following genera therefore in all the Pierella-STpecies still to a certain extent semitransparent although not altogether diaphanous The principal distinctive character of the genus is here also found in the position of the lower discocellular of the hindwing This reaches the median between the origin of the middle and that The costal vein and the subcostal of the hindwing of the lower median vein, thus between Mg and M, arise separately at the base The submedian of the forewing is furcate at the base The (JcJ have on the upperside of the hindwing in the middle of the imier margin a small oval spot, measuring 2^9™™-' which is bare or covered with more deeply placed scales In most species this spot is hght coloured, in some with a dark central dot, but in astyoche it is dark brown, so that it is here easily overlooked Only The size of the in liortona is it large, 10 mm long and broad, and of a hght ochre-yellow colom- species varies between 55 and 75 mm \^ing-expanse The range of distribution extends over the whole of tropical America, some species reach South Brazil in the south and Mexico in the north are — a) With hght, dark-bordered transverse band on the under surface of both wings P nereis Brury (42 d) ? up to 72 mm wing-expanse Across the grey-brown, semi(J 62 mm., transparent wings runs a straight, duU white, brown-bordered band, which in the middle of the hindwing is widened into a large, pure white spot The distal half of the hindwing is red-yellow with black, white- — centred oceUi and white spots Distal margin darker brown The $ has white dots before the apex of the forewing On the under sm'face the ground-colour is hghter, the red-yellow is clouded with grey, the white band is continued in a straight hne to the inner margin of the hindwing, the brown distal margin is wanting, the eye-spots are only quite small and in the basal area of each wing there is a brown, shorter or longer Une helvina — South Brazil, Eio de Janeiro Common Hew (42 d) approaches the preceding species in the scheme of markings, though not in Ground-colour dark brown, light band of the forewing dusted with brownish, the brown bordering broader In the ceU there are brown transverse Knes, of which the proximal one is continued to the inner margin, a third short Hne is placed on the discoceUulars, before the apex a round black spot in a Hght circle with w^hite dots below it and one above The basal area is brown to beyond one-third the length of the wing, rather straight-margined distaUj^ Then foUow^s a large, triangular, carmine-red area which extends from the costal margin nearh" to the inner margin and also near to the distal margin The latter is black- brown, at the apex with a black-eye-spot with white pupil, a white dot above it at the costal margin and a similar dot below it in the red area On the under surface the forewing is as above, only Hghter On the Hkewise Hghter hindwing in the basal area three straight, browTi, parallel lines run from the costal to the inner margin Immediately behind the third line foUows a reddish grey band, Hkewise traversing the whole wing, which in the middle is almost twice as broad as at the costal and hindmargins and is bordered at the distal side by a fom-th brown Hne Distal margin brown, the eye-spot smaller than above and with ochi'e-yellow ring, one white dot before and two behind the eye Muzo, Colombia P helvina the colouring — Publ -21 VI 1910 PIERELLA By G Weymee 177 P incanescens Godm & Salv (42 d) only differs from helvina in having the proximal border of the incanes''®"'*' red area of the liindwing mm behind the end of the cell, whilst in helvi7ia it runs right across the tip of the cell The red colouring is placed more distally and posteriorly and encloses two white dots; the brown distal margin is narrower Distributed in Central America: Chontales in Nicaragua; Irazu and Santa Clara Valley in Costa Eica; Chiriqui, Chepo and Bugaba in Panama Common at the last-named locality The ocrecda ocreata Godm & Salv is another form, in which the red area of the hindwing is much reduced anterior part of it is replaced as far as the median by a large, white, elongate- quadrate spot and the white dot below the black eye-spot is somewhat larger The brown distal margin is as broad as in helinna This form has a restricted range in Panama, having been found at Calobre and Lion Hill It is still very rare in collections lu hymettia Stgr (42 d), a further form similar to helvina, the red area hyvieilia In the of the hindwing is still more reduced, being at a distance from the inner margin and broken up figiured (J it consists of parts, a spot in the middle of the wing of 12 mm in length and mm in breadth, a small round spot in cellule and a red dot below it in cellule In the $ all the parts are united into a larger spot At the middle of the costal margin there is a white spot, which, however, — — • — only half as large as in ocreata, only extending to vein The ground-colour of this form is above and beneath dark brown, almost black-brown From the Rio Dagua and Rio San Juan in West Colombia Flies in August is P astyoche Erichs (= larymna Dbl.) (42 e) Ground-colour brown, parallel, straight, dark brown astyoche transverse lines rim behind the middle across both wings from the costal to the inner margin They enclose no Ughter band above This is only present on the under surface, the space between the lines being here filled with whitish grey Forewing with further dark brown lines in the cell and a third on the discoceUular, the hindwing with a similar hue in the cell Two black ocelli with white pupil and yellow cellules and near the distal margin of the hindwing Somewhat further removed from the margin in cellules 2, and three small round white spots with obsolescent dark bordering The same markings are present on the under surface, only the ground-colour is somewhat lighter From Guiana and the Amazon lucia Weijm (Stett Ztg 1885, p 285) (= astyoche var albomaculata Stgr.: Exot Tagf p 219, pi 77, 1887) (42 e) is a form of astyoche in which instead of the lower small white spots of the hindwing there is a large white spot close to the distal margin, otherwise it is quite similar to astyoche From Pebas on the Upper Amazon iris in distal — lucia The forewing on both surfaces resembles astyoche, but the hindwing shows in the lena e) rows of blue spots mostly with white centres, of which the row next to the distal margin is somewhat obsolescent Between the 2'"^ and S'** rows near the costal margin black eye-spots with white pupils In the $ the basal half of the hindwing is shot with blue Also the underside of the hindwing is similar to that of astyoche, except that the eye-spots are larger and removed more proximad and the proximal part of the distal margin is dark brown Surinam, Guiana, Amazon, north-eastern part of Eio de Janeiro brasiliensis Fldr is an unimportant local form of lena, in which the ground-colour of brasiliensis the hindwing is more blue-gi-ey and the bluish white spots are replaced by dirty white ones From the Eio Negro and the Amazon glaucolena Stgr i I (42 e) is a local form in which the blue spots of the glaucolena hindwing are somewhat larger and have no white central dots Only the spots placed next to the costal margin are somewhat white at the sides From Mapiri amah'a Weym (Stett Zg 1885, p 285) (= leu- amalia cospila Stgr.: Exot p 220, 1887) (42 e) is a form which Hewitson figures in the 2"*^ volume of his Exot Butterflies as a variety of this species The bluish white spots of the first and second rows are rmited in the posterior part of the hindwing into a large white spot, in the anterior part of the wing these rows of spots are absent The 4"' row close to the distal margin consists of round pure white spots, instead of the elongate bluish white ones of typical lena Moreover on the upper surface of the forewing there is a distinct white band in the female From Pebas on the Upper Amazon P lena L (42 distal half — — — = P dracontis Hhn ('? hyahnus Gmel.) (43 a) is very similar to lena in the scheme of markings, dracontis but the shape of the hindwing is different The distal margin is produced into a strongly projecting angle at the upper median vein Hence this species forms a transition to the genus Antirrhaea The rows of blue spots on the hindwing are more brightly coloured than in lena, the 4*''' row at the distal margin is absent From Surinam and the Amazon A form in which the greater part of the extincia extincta Stgr i I light band on the underside of the forewing is wanting, only the part from the inner margin to the lower median vein being present On the hindwing the half-band of dracojitis is divided into parts and the — posterior ocellus b) is Without extremely small light From Manicore band, but with three straight, almost parallel, dark lines on the under surface of both wings Both wings grey-brown, the hindwing somewhat luna P luna F (= pallida Godm & Salv.) (43 a) darker in the posterior half, both with fine, brown, almost straight transverse hnes, of which the one V 23 PIEEELLA 178 By G Weymer At the apex of the hindwing two round placed next to the base on the hindwing is rather indistinct black spots, of which the anterior one has a white pupil towards one side, but the other is blind and On the lighter under surface with fine brown striae the transverse hnes are more distinct than the 2"'^ and 3''^ on the forewing there is a fourth, which only extends to the upper median vein The ocellus of the hindwing is smaller, the black spot is absent In the marginal area there are white dots on each wing In the (J(J above seen in a certain hght there is a light green reflection, in the $ the marginal area is darker heracles Bdv Nicaragua, Costa Eica, Panama, Colombia, Guiana (= rubecula Godni & Salv.) A northern form with the same green reflection on the forewing in the (J, but distinguished by the reddish brown colour of the costal area on the hindwing above This colour is gradually merged at its edges into the dark brown ground-colour The dark brown distal margin is mm in breadth The black ocelli at the apex are placed at the boundary of the two colours and have often white pupils From Mexico and Guatemala lesbia Stgr (43 a) I regard as a southern form of Imia, which approaches heracles The median patch of the hindwing, however, is more reddish yellow and more distal than the reddish brown patch of heracles The dark brown distal margin is only 1% mm in breadth and rather sharply defined Of the round black spots at the apex only the upper one has a white pupil Under surface as in lima and heracles From Bucay in Ecuador and the Rio San Juan in West Colombia smaller above, heracles between — — lesbia — — rhea P rhea F (43 a) approaches luna, having the same markings and the green reflection on the forebut the ground-colour is more yellowish brown, the hindwing somewhat darker than the forewing The former with a row of black ocelli with white pupils, of which the posterior ones are somewhat smaller and the last is often very indistinct On the under surface the brown lines are as in luna, but wing, the eye-spot at the apex of the hindwing is absent, on the other hand the row of dots (2 or on the is very distinct From the Amazon; Eio de Janeiro forewing, on the hindwing) lamia P lamia Sulz (= dyndimene Or.) (43 a) is similar to rhea, the green reflection is likewise present but the hind^dng has a steel-blue gloss, which is absent in rhea; the black eye-spots are all equally large and distinct, the white dots in them somewhat stronger From Cayenne, Surinam, Colombia in the ^ on the forewing, P chalybaea chalijbaea GoJm was described basal half of the hindwing in both sexes but differing from it in that more than the shot with steel-blue, the black rings round the white dots are as similar to lamia, is almost or entirely absent, the distal margin of the hindwing lines are indistinct hyceta From Chapada is very broadly darkened and the central in Brazil Hew (43 b) A beautiful species The forewing is similar to that of the preceding and markings, and also shows the green reflection on the cJcJ in certain lights, but the hindwing has reddish ochre-yellow ground-colour, only the base and costal margin agreeing with the forewing Of the brown hnes on both wings the middle one on the hindwing forms rouglily the indistinct boundary of the two colours Four, occasionalh' five, round black spots form a submarginal row, only the anterior one has a white pupil, the 2'"^ is the largest Between the 2"*^ and 3'^'^ is sometimes inserted a fifth spot (as in the ^-example figured) At the distal margin of the hindwing are placed brown triangles P hyceta species in colouring On is yellowish grey, finely mottled with brown, the stand out distinctly, the black spots are much smaller than above, and have here in the $$ white pupils, sometimes also in the ($(^ From the Upper Amazon, Cuzco in Peru (3000 m.), latona Bolivia latona Fldr is a form of hyceta, in which the central area of the hindwing is deep red3'elloAV and the distal margin blackish, moreover the two posterior black spots are larger and have no white pupils In the $ all the spots are larger and provided with white pupils The under surface is as in hyceta, but the anterior spots of the hindwing are smaller and with white centres From Bogota ceryce Hew (43 b), likewise a form of hyceta, in which, however, the central area of the cerijcc (Colombia) hindwing is red-brown and the black-brown distal margin has a breadth of 10 mm In the latter are placed in the ,^^ 4, in the $$ black ocelli with white pupils Moreover, the ground-colour of the forewing is darker than in hyceta, hence the dark brown lines stand out less, as is also the case on the hindwing The (J has the same green reflection in the middle of the forewing as hyceta, whilst the ? bears white dots before the apex of this mng The under surface is grey-brown, darker in the marginal area, with fairly straight brown lines on both wings, or white dots instead of the eye-spots on the binding and some similar dots at the apex of the forewing A black dot at the base of the forewing and or at that of the hindwing From Pintuc in Ecuador (800 1000 m.), Chanchamayo in Peru, and Bolivia the under surface the ground-colour of both wings straight brown lines — — — — c) With three almost straight, upperside a blue spot on each wing varj'ing in size, —4 mm dark lines only on the underside of the hindwing On the Ground-colour dark black-blue The blue spot of the forewing is elongate, broad and 12 mm long, and is placed on the discocellular That of the P hortona Heiv (43 b) horiona parallel — ANTIEEHAEA By liindw"ing is much lai-ger, At the inner margin — nearly round, 10 of the — 13 mm hindwing there G Weymeb in diameter, 179 and extends nearly to the costal margin in the (^^ a patch of light ochre-yellow, appressed scales surface yellowish grey, on the forewing with brown lines, contiguous in is 10 12 mm in length Under the middle and diverging anteriorl}- and posteriorly, and with a short oblique line in the cell, and black On the hindwing there are black dots basally to the almost straight parallel transverse dots near it hortensia Fldr is a horiensia lines and before the distal margin a row of similar dots Amazons and Ecuador local form which is distinguished by narrower wings, smaller blue spots on the forewing and less rounded spots on the hindwing, M-hich are placed further from the distal margin From the Eio Negro — Geuus: Antirrliaea Hhi — Medium-sized and large butterflies of 65 105 mm in expanse, mostly dark-coloured, only a few having blue, white or red-yellow markings The palpi are densely covered with stiff hairs, the antennae thin, thickened towards the end, mthout distinct club In most species the veins of the forewing are not swollen, only in archaea the costal vein is somewhat thickened and in hela distinctly swollen In the hindwing the costal vein does not arise direct from the base, as in the preceding genera, but on a common short stalk with the subcostal The precostal also arises at the point of separation of these veins This is likewise the case in all the following genera of Satyrids The principal distinguishing character of Aniirrhaea consists in the scent-organ of the cJ(J, a brush of hairs on the underside of the forewing between median and submedian This differs in size, shape and position in the individual species, being mostly basally — The hairs are glossy, mm long and have the tips bent pointed, anteriorly and distally rounded towards one another In most species the scent-organ stands out before the costal margin of the hindwing, in single cases, e g in geryon, it even remains hidden if the forewing is much brought forward in setting In consequence of this brush cellule b is very broad between median and submedian, up to 12 mm., and the submedian and inner margin are semicircularly curved posteriorly In the female the scent-organ is absent and the submedian and inner margin of the forewing are straight The genus is distributed from Guatemala to South Brazil through Central and South America a) In the oo the subcostal and upper radial of the hindwing arise near together but separate out of the anterior margin of the cell, converge somewhat for a short distance and then diverge strongly Hence the upper discocellular is short and only reaches '/s to the length of the middle discocellular The inner margin of the forewing In the o