ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES, DARWIN

ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION, PRESERVATION OF FAVOURED RACES IN THE STRUGGLE FOR LIFE By CHARLES DARWIN, FELLOW OF THE ROYAL, GEOLOGICAL, LINN^iAN, AUTHOR OF JOURNAL OF RESEARCHES DURING ROUND THE WORLD.' ' M.A., ETC., SOCIETIES; H M S BEAGLE'S VOYAGE LONDON: JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET 1859 The r : rjlit, nf Translation, is reserved LONDON: PRINTED BT W CLOWES AND SONS, STAMFORD AND CHARING CROSS STKISKT, 3fc5 CONTENTS Introduction Page CHAPTER I Variation under Domestication — Correlation of Growth — — of distinguishing between Varieties and Species — Origin of Domestic Varieties from one or more Species — Domestic Pigeons, Differences and Origin — Principle of Selection anciently followed, — Methodical and Unconscious Selection — Unknown Origin of our Domestic Productions — Circumstances favourable — — Character Causes of Variability Inheritance Effects of Habit of Domestic Varieties Difficulty their its Effects to Man's power of Selection 7-43 CHAPTER II Variation under Nature Variability — Individual ranging, much — — — Wide Doubtful species and common species vary most Spegenera in any country vary more than the species differences diffused, cies of the larger — of the smaller genera Many of the species of the larger genera resemble varieties in being very closely, but unequally, related 44-59 to each other, and in having restricted ranges CONTENTS VI CHAPTEE III Struggle for Existence — — The term used in a wide sense Geopowers of increase Bapid increase of naturalised animals and plants Nature of the checks to increase Competition universal Effects of climate Protection from the number of individuals Complex relations of all animals and plants throughout nature Struggle for life most severe between individuals and varieties of the same species often severe between species of the same genus The relation of organism to organism the most important of all relations Page 60-79 Bears on natural selection metrical — — — — — — — ; — CHAPTEE IV Natural Selection Natural Selection — — its power compared with man's selection its its power at all ages power on characters of trifling importance Sexual Selection On the generality of interand on both sexes -Circumstances crosses between individuals of the same species favourable and unfavourable to Natural Selection, namely, Slow action intercrossing, isolation, number of individuals Extinction caused by Natural Selection Divergence of Character, related to the diversity of inhabitants of any small area, Action of Natural Selection, through and to naturalisation Divergence of Character and Extinction, on the descendants Explains the Grouping of all organic from a common parent 80-130 beings • — — — — — — — — — CHAPTEE V Laws of Variation — Use and combined with — Acclimatisation — Correlation of growth — Compensation and economy of growth — False correlations — Multiple, rudimentary, and lowly organised structures variable — Parts developed in an unusual manner are highly variable characters more variable than generic secondary sexual characters variable — Species of the same genus vary in an analogous manner — Keversions to 131-170 long-lost characters — Summary conditions Effects of external natural selection ; disuse, organs of flight and of vision : : specific — CONTENTS Vll CHAPTER VI Difficulties on Theory — — on the theory of descent with modification TransitionsAbsence or rarity of transitional varieties Transitions in habits Species with Diversified habits in the same species of life Organs of habits widely different from those of their allies extreme perfection Means of transition Cases of difficulty Xatura non facit saltum Organs of small importance Organs not in all cases absolutely perfect The law of Unity of Type and of the Conditions of Existence embraced by the theory of Page 171-206 Natural Selection Difficulties — — — — — — — — CHAPTER VII Instinct — — Aphides and ants — Instincts variable — — Natural of the cuckoo, bees — Slave-making ants — Hive-bee, — on the theory of the Natural — Neuter or — Summary Instincts comparable with habits, but different in their origin Instincts graduated Domestic instincts, their origin ostrich, and parasitic cell-making instinct instincts its Difficulties Selection of instincts sterile insects 207-244 CHAPTER VIII Hybridism Distinction between the sterility of first crosses — and of hybrids by close inter- Sterility various in degree, not universal, affected breeding, removed — by domestication — Laws governing the sterility endowment, but incidental on other differences Causes of the sterility of first crosses and of hybrids Parallelism between the effects of changed conditions of life and crossing Fertility of varieties when crossed and of their mongrel offspring not universal Hybrids and mongrels compared independently of their fertility Summary 245-278 of hybrids — Sterility not a special — — — — CONTENTS Vlll CHAPTEE IX On the Imperfection of the Geological Record On the absence of intermediate varieties at the present day the nature of extinct intermediate varieties On ; — On — on their number the vast lapse of time, as inferred from the rate of deposi- — On the poorness of our paheontological — in any one formation On the absence of intermediate — On — On the sudden appearance of groups of tion and of denudation collections — On the intermittence of geological formations varieties species sudden appearance in the lowest known their fossiliferous strata Page 279-311 CHAPTEE On the Geological On X Succession of Organic Beings / the slow and successive appearance of change different rates of — Species once — On their — rules in their appear— On Extinction — new Groups of species follow the same general lost species not reappear ance and disappearance as single species On simultaneous changes in the forms of world — On the — On the state of development On the succession of the same types within Summary of preceding and present chapters living species life affinities of extinct species to throughout the each other and to of ancient forms the same areas — — 312-345 CHAPTEE XL Geographical Distribution Present distribution cannot be accounted for by differences in phyImportance of barriers' Affinity of the prosical conditions — ductions of the same continent — — Centres of creation — Means by changes of climate and of the level of the land, and by occasional means Dispersal during the Glacial period 346-382 co-extensive with the world of dispersal, — CONTENTS CHAPTEE IX XII —continued productions — On the inhabitants Geographical Distribution Distribution of fresh-water of — Absence of Batrachians and of Mamthose of mals — On the of the inhabitants of islands the nearest mainland — On colonisation from the nearest source and prewith subsequent modification — Summary of the oceanic islands terrestrial to relation last Page 383-410 sent chapters CHAPTEE Mutual XIII Affinities of Organic Beings Morphology Embryology Rudimentary Organs : : : — Natural system — descent modification — of — Descent — Analogical or adaptive characters always used — complex and radiating — Extinction parates and groups — Morphology, between members of the same between parts of the same individual — Classification, groups subordinate to groups Bules and difficulties in classification, 'with explained on the theory of Classification varieties in classification Affinities, general, se- defines class, Embryology, laws of, explained by variations not supervening at an early age, and being inherited at a corresponding age Rudimentary organs their origin explained Summary 411-458 — — ; CHAPTEE XIV Recapitulation and Conclusion Recapitulation of the difficulties on the theory of Natural Selection Recapitulation of the general and special circumstances in its — — Caifses of the general in the immutability of — How the theory of natural selection may be adoption on the study of Natural extended — Effects of 459-490 history — Concluding remarks belief favour species far its Index 491 INSTRUCTION TO BINDER The Diagram to front page 117, and to Volume face the latter part of the ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES INTRODUCTION When much on board H.M.S ' Beagle/ as naturalist, I was struck with certain facts in the distribution of the inhabitants of South America, and in the geological relations of the present to the past inhabitants of that con- These facts seemed to me to throw some light on the origin of species that mystery of mysteries, as it has been called by one of our greatest philosophers On my return home, it occurred to me, in 1837, that something might perhaps be made out on this question by patiently accumulating and reflecting on all sorts of facts which could possibly have any bearing on it After five years' work I allowed myself to speculate on the subject, and drew up some short notes these I enlarged in 1844 into a sketch of the conclusions, which then seemed to me probable from that period to the present day I have steadily pursued the same object I hope that I may be excused for entering on these personal details, as I give them to show that I have not been hasty in coming to a decision tinent — ; : My work is now Dearly finished but as it will take two or three more years to complete it, and as my health is far from strong, I have been urged to publish this Abstract I have more especially been induced to this, as Mr Wallace, who is now studying the B me ; INTRODUCTION natural history of the at almost exactly the Malay archipelago, has arrived same general conclusions that I have on the origin of species Last year he sent to me a memoir on this subject, with a request that I would forward it who to Sir Charles Lyell, nean Society, and it is sent it to the Lin- published in the third volume of the Journal of that Society Sir C Lyell and Dr — Hooker, who both knew of my work the latter having read my sketch of 1844 honoured me by thinking it advisable to publish, with Mr Wallace's excellent memoir, some brief extracts from my manuscripts This Abstract, which I now publish, must necessarily be imperfect I cannot here give references and autho- — rities for my several statements ; and I must the reader reposing some confidence in No doubt errors will have crept in, my trust to accuracy though I hope I have always been cautious in trusting to good authorities alone I can here give only the general conclusions at which I have arrived, with a few facts in illustration, but which, I hope, in most cases will can feel more suffice No one sensible than I of the necessity of here- after publishing in detail all the facts, with references, on which my conclusions have been grounded and I hope in a future work to this For I am well aware that scarcely a single point is discussed in this volume on which facts cannot be adduced, often apparently leading to conclusions directly opposite to those at which A fair result can be obtained only by I have arrived fully stating and balancing the facts and arguments on both sides of each question and this cannot possibly be ; ; here done I much regret that want of space prevents my having the satisfaction of acknowledging the generous assistance which I have received from very many naturalists, some of them personally unknown to me I cannot, however, OS! LIST OF 18 HOME AND COLONIAL Post Svo, 2s 6d each, or WORKS LIBRARY Complete in 70 Parts, bound in 31 Volumes, cloth CONTENTS OP THE SERIES THE BIBLE IN SPAIN By George Borrow JOURNALS IN INDIA By Bishop Heber TRAVELS IN THE HOLY LAND By Captains Irby and Mangles THE SIEGE OF GIBRALTAR By John Drinkwater MOROCCO AND THE MOORS By J Drummond Hat LETTERS FROM THE BALTIC By a Lady THE AMBER- WITCH By Lady Duff Gordon OLIVER CROMWELL & JOHN BUNYAN By Robert Southey NEW SOUTH WALES By Mrs Meredith LIFE OF SIR FRANCIS DRAKE By John Barrow FATHER RIPA'S MEMOIRS OF THE COURT OF CHINA A RESIDENCE IN THE WEST INDIES By M.G.Lewis SKETCHES OF PERSIA By Sir John Malcolm THE FRENCH IN ALGIERS By Lady Duff Gordon VOYAGE OF A NATURALIST By Charles Darwin HISTORY OF THE FALL OF THE JESUITS LIFE OF LOUIS PRINCE OF CONDE By Lord Mahon GIPSIES OF SPAIN By George Borrow THE MARQUESAS By Hermann Melville LIVONIAN TALES By a Lady MISSIONARY LIFE IN CANADA By Rev J Abbott SALE'S BRIGADE IN AFFGHANISTAN By Rev G R Gleig LETTERS FROM MADRAS By a Lady HIGHLAND SPORTS By Charles St John JOURNEYS ACROSS THE PAMPAS By Sir F B Head GATHERINGS FROM SPAIN By Richard Ford SIEGES OF VIENNA BY THE TURKS By Lord Ellesmere SKETCHES OF GERMAN LIFE By Sir A Gordon ADVENTURES IN THE SOUTH SEAS By Hermann Melville STORY OF BATTLE OF WATERLOO By Rev G R Gleig A VOYAGE UP THE RIVER AMAZON By W H Edwards THE WAYSIDE CROSS By Capt Milman MANNERS & CUSTOMS OF INDIA By Rev C Acland CAMPAIGNS AT WASHINGTON By Rev G R Gleig ADVENTURES IN MEXICO By G F Ruxton PORTUGAL AND GALLICIA By Lord Carnarvon LIFE OF LORD CLIVE By Rev G R Gleig BUSH LIFE IN AUSTRALIA By II W Haygarth THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF HENRY STEFFENS SHORT LIVES OF THE POETS By Thomas Campbell HISTORICAL ESSAYS By Lord Mahon LONDON & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY By Sir F B Head ADVENTURES IN THE LIBYAN DESERT By Bayle St John A RESIDENCE AT SIERRA LEONE By a Lady LIFE OF GENERAL MUNRO By Rev G R Gleig MEMOIRS OF SIR FOWELL BUXTON By his Son PUBLISHED BY MR MURRAY HUME 19 A (The Student's) History of England, from the Invasion of Julius C?esar Based on Home's History, and continued to 1858 Woodcuts Post Svo 7s Sd (Uniform with The Student's Gibbon.) HUTCHINSON on (Colonel) Dog-Breaking; most expe- the and easy Method, whether great Excellence or only Mediocrity be required Third Edition Revised and enlarged Woodcuts, Post Svo 9s ditious, certain, IRBY AND MANGLES' Travels in Egypt, Nubia, Syria, and the Holy Land, including a Journey round the Dead Sea, and through the Country east of the Jordan Post 8vo 2* 6d JAMES' (Rev Thomas) Fables of yEsop A New Translation, Historical Preface With 100 Woodcuts Twenty-sixth Thousand Post Svo 2s 6d with by Tenniel and Wolf JAMESON'S (Mrs.) Memoirs of the Early Italian Painters, and Tenth Edition With the Progress of Italian Painting in Italy 70 Woodcuts Fcap Syo 65 of JAPAN AND THE JAPANESE of Recent JARDINE'S New Described from the Accounts Post 8vo Edition 6s New (David) Narrative of the Gunpowder Plot Post 8vo Edition JER VIS'S Dutch Travellers, 7s did (Capt.) Manual of Operations in the Eield, for the Post 8vo 9s 6d Use of Officers JESSE'S (Edward) Favorite Haunts and Rural Studies ; or to Spots of Interest in the Vicinity of Windsor and Eton "Visits Woodcuts Post8vo 12s Scenes and Occupations of Country Life lections of Natural History Third Edition Woodcuts Sagacity and Instinct of Animals Fcap 8vo With Anecdotes Gleanings in Natural History JOHNSON'S With Recol- Eighth Edition Fcap 8vo 6s of the 6s (Dr Samuel) Life By James Boswell Including the Tour to the Hebrides, with Notes by Sib W Scott Edited by the late Mr Crokeb Third Edition Portraits Royal Svo 15s : Lives of the most eminent English Poets Edition Edited by Peteb Cunningham vols 8vo (Murray's British Classics.) JOHNSTON'S : JOURNAL OF A NATURALIST Post 8vo JOWETT'S 22s 6d England as it is Social, Political, Middle of the 19th Century Vols Post 8vo (Wm.) Industrial, in the A New Fourth Edition and 18s Woodcuts 9s 6d (Rev B.) Commentary on Thessalonians, Galatians, and Romans Second Edition Vols 8vo St Paul's Epistles to the With Notes and Dissertations JONES' (Rev R.) Literary Remains Consisting of his Lectures and Tracts on Political Economy With a Prefatory Notice By Rev W Whewell, D.D Portrait 8vo 14s KEN'S (Bishop) Life Vols 8vo By A Layman Second Edition Portrait 18» c LIST OF 20 WORKS KEN'S (Bishop) Exposition of the Apostles' Creed Extracted from his "Practice of Divine Love." New Edition Fcap Is 6d Approach to the Holy Altar Extracted from his " Manual of Prayer" and " Practice of Divine Love." New Edition Fcap 8vo 1* 6d KING'S (Rev S W.) Italian Valleys of the Alps ; a Tour through all the Romantic and less-frequented "Vals" of Northern Piedmi nt, from the Tarentaise to the Gries With Illustratious Crown 8vo 18s KING EDWARD VIth's Latin Grammar; Latin Tongue, to the Use of Schools for the an Introduction or, 12th Edition 12mo 3s 6d Eirst Latin Book or, the Accidence, Syntax and Prosody, with an English Translation for the Use of Junior Classes Third Edition 12mo 2s ; KNAPP'S A.) (J and English Roots Ramifications Derivation and Meaning of Divers Words KUGLER'S (Dr Fcap 8vo or, ; the 4s Franz) Handbook to the History of Painting Edited, with (the Italian Schools) Translated from the German Notes, by Sib Charles Eastlake Third Edition Woodcuts Vols Post 8vo 30s Flemish (the Translated from the Schools) Edited, with Notes German, By Dk Waagen and Dutch, German A New Woodcuts Post8vo Edition Nearly Heady LABARTE'S (M Jules) Handbook and Renaissance LABORDE'S of the Arts of the Middle With 200 Woodcuts 8vo 18s — the Edom and the Excavated City of Petraea, Second Edition With Plates 8vo 18s Sinai, LANE'S (E Ages (Leon De) Journey through Arabia Petrsea, to Mount W.) Arabian Nights of the Prophecies Translated from the Arabic, with Explanatory Notes A New Edition Edited by E Stanley Poole With 600 Woodcuts Vols 8vo -42s LATIN GRAMMAR of Schools First (King Edward the VIth's.) Twelfth Edition 12mo Book (King Edward For the Use 3s 6d VI.) ; or, Accidence, the Syntax, and Prosody, with English Translation for Junior Classes Third Edition 12mo 2s LAYARD'S (A H.) Nineveh and its Remains Being a Nar- rative of Researches and Discoveries amidst the Ruins of Assyria With an Account of the Chaldean Christians of Kurdistan the Yezedis, or Devil-worshippers; and an Enquiry into the Manners and Arts of the Ancient Assyrians Sixth Edition Plates and Woodcuts Vols 8vo 36s ; Nineveh and Babylon '• ; being the Result of a Second Expedition to Assyria Fourteenth Svo 21s Or Fine Paper, Vols 8vo 30s Popular Account of Nineveh Woodcuts LESLIE'S (C P.) tions of his Pi-ess Post Svo Plates 15th Edition With 5s Handbook Post Svo Thousand for Young Painters With Illustra- 10s 6d With an Account Life of Sir Joshua Reynolds Works, and a Sketch of his Cotemporaries Fcap 4to In the PUBLISHED BY MR -MURRAY LEAKE'S on (Col, W Martin) Topography Antiquities; to which Plates Vois ovu its is Travels in Northern Greece.- Questions 8vo of Athena, with Demi added, the Eemarks of Attica Second ovs Edition Disputed 21 Mais Ancieni of Vols 8vo 60s Map, Geography 6s 6d A Catalogue of Greek Coins Nuinismata Hellenica With Map and Appendix 4to 63s Peloponnesiaca A Supplement to Travels in the Morea : 8vo 15s Thoughts on the Degradation of Science in England 8vo 3s 6d LETTERS FROM THE SHORES OF THE BALTIC Lady Post8vo Manners in By a 2s 6d Madras ; or, First Impressions By a Lady Post 8vo 2s 6d of Life and India Edited by Mrs Norton Head Quarters; By in the Crimea Post 8vo 6s a Staff Post 8vo or, Home Friends at Sierra Leone, written to By a Lady 6s Realities of the War Popular Edition Plans The Officer (The) PAPERS ; or, Some Account of the Courts London and Vienna at the end of the 17th Century Edited by Hon H Manners Sutton 8vo 14s LEXINGTON" of LEWIS' (Sir G C.) 8vo Essay on the Government of Dependencies 12s Glossary of Provincial Words used in Herefordshire and some of the adjoining Counties 12mo 4s 6d (Lady Theresa) Friends and Contemporaries of the Lord Chancellor Clarendon, illustrative of Portraits in his Gallery With a Descriptive Account of the Pictures, and Origin of the Collec3 Vols 8vo Portraits tion 42s among the Negroes in the From the Earliest Times to the Establishment of the Empire With the and Art Library Edition Vols 8vo 28s History of Literature (M G.) Journal of a Residence West Indies Post 8vo LIDDELL'S (Dean) 2s 6d History of Rome - SCHOOL HISTORY OF ROME the Larger Work Tenth Thousand With Abridged from 100 Woodcuts Post 8vo 7s 6d LINDSAY'S (Lord) Lives of the Lindsays or, a Memoir of the Houses of Crawford and Balcarres With Extracts from Official Papers and Personal Narratives Second Edition Vols 8vo 24s ; Report of the Claim of James, Earl of Crawfurd and Original Dukedom of Montrose, created in 1488 Balcarres, to the Folio 15s LITTLE ARTHUR'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND Callcott 2s 6d Eighteenth Edition With 20 Woodcuts By Lady Fcap 8vo LIST OF 22 LIVINGSTONE'S WORKS (Rev Dr.) Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa including a Sketch of Sixteen Years' Residence in the Interior of Africa, and a Journey from the Cape of Good Hope to Loanda on the West Coast; thence across the Continent, down the Thirtieth Thousand Map, River Zambesi, to the Eastern Ocean Plates, and Index 8vo 21s ; LIVONIAN TALES.— The By Disponent.—The Wolves.—The Jewess the Author of "Letters from the Baltic." Post 8vo 2s 6d LOCKHART'S (J G.) Ancient Spanish Ballads Historical and Romantic Translated, with Notes Illustrated Edition 4to 2Ls Or, Fopular Edition Post 8vo 2s Gd Life of Robert Burns Fifth Edition Fcap 8vo 3s LOUDON'S (Mrs.) Instructions in Gardening for Ladies Every Month Directions and Calendar of Operations for Edition Woodcuts Fcap 8vo 5s Modern Botany; Natural System of Plants LOWE'S (Sir a Popular With Eighth the to Fcap 8vo 6s Introduction Woodcuts Second Edition Hudson) Letters and Journals, during the Captivity By William Forsyth Portrait ols of Napoleon at St Helena 8vo 45s LUCKNOW A Lady's Diary of the Siege Home Fourth Thousand Fcap 8vo 4s Written for Friends : at 6d LYELL'S (Sir Charles) Principles of Geology; or, the Modern Changes of the Earth and its Inhahitants considered as illustrative of Ninth Edition Woodcuts 8vo 18s Geology Manual of Elementary Geology ; of the Earth and its Inhahitants illustrated Fifth Edition Woodcuts 8vo 14s or, the Ancient Changes by its Geological Monuments Visits to the United States, 1841-46 Second Edition Vols Post Svo 24s (Lord) History of England, from the Peace of Utrecht the Peace of Versailles, 1713—83 Library Edition Vols 8vo 93s Plates MAHON'S to — Popular Edition Vols Post - " Forty-Five " a Narrative of the ; Post 8vo land 35s 3s History of British India from Post 8vo of 1783 Svo Rebellion in Scot- its Origin till the Peace 3s 6d History of the War of the Succession in Spain Second Edition Map 8vo 15s Spain under Charles the Second ; or, Extracts from the Correspondence of the Hon Alexander Stanhope, British Minister at Madrid from 1690 to 1700 Second Edition Post 8vo Life of Louis Prince of Conde, Post Svo 6s 6d surnamed the Great 6s Life of Belisarius Second Edition Historical and Critical Essays Post Svo 10s Post Svo 6c? 6s Story of Joan of Arc Fcap 8vo Is Addresses Delivered at Manchester, Leeds, and Birmingham Fcap 8vo Is - MCCULLOCH'S Works (J R.) Collected With Notes and Memoir Edition of Ricardo's Political Second Edition Svo 16s PUBLISHED BY MR MURRAY MALCOLM'S (Sir John) Sketches of Post 8vo Persia 23 Third Edition 6s HANSEL'S (Rev H L.) The Limits of Religious Thought Examined Being the Bampton Lectures for 1858 Third Edition with a Preface 8vo 12s MANTELL'S (Gideon A.) Thoughts on Animalcules; or, the Invisible "World, as revealed by the Microscope Second Edition Plates 16mo 6s MANUAL OF SCIENTIFIC ENQUIRY, Prepared for the Use of By various Writers Third Edition revised (Published by order of the Lords of the Admiralty.) Officers and Travellers Maps Post 8vo MARKHAM'S sion (Mrs.) History of England From the First Invaby the Romans, down to the fourteenth year of Queen "Victoria's 9Sth Edition Woodcuts 12mo 6s Reign History of France Death of Louis Philippe to the From the Conquest by the History of Germany to the present time - Times Art of the By 6s the Invasion by Marius, Woodcuts 12mo 6s From Greece the Earliest Roman Wm Dr Conquest With the History of Literature and Smith Sixteenth Thov.sa?id Woodcuts 12mo 7s 6d 12mo (Questions 6th Edition History of School From Gauls, 12mo Woodcuts 58tJi Edition 2s.) Histoiy of Rome, from the Earliest Establishment of the Empire With the History of Literature aod Art By Dean Liddell Eighth Thousand Woodcuts 12mo 7s 6d School Times to the MARELAND'S Edition (J H.) Reverence Fcap Svo due to Holy Places Tliird 2s MARRYAT'S (Joseph) History of Modern and Mediaeval Pottery and Porcelain With a Description of the Manufacture, a Glossary, and a List of Monograms Second Edition Plates and Woodcuts Svo 31s 6d MATTHIJS'S (Augustus) Greek from the Larger Grammar Edwaeds 12mo 3s MAUREL'S of the (Jules) Essay Duke By Grammar Blomfield for Schools Ninth Edition Abridged Revised by on the Character, Actions, and Writings of Wellington Second Edition Fcap Svo Is 6d MAWE'S (H L.) Journal of a Passage from the Pacific to the Atlantic, crossing the Andes in the Northern Provinces of Peru, and descending the great River Maranon 8vo 12s MAXIMS AND HINTS Fishing for an Angler, and the Miseries of By Richard Penn New Edition Woodcuts 12mo Is MAYO'S (Dr.) Pathology of the Human Mind Fcap MELYILLE'S (Hermann) Typee and Omoo; or, amongst the Marquesas and South Sea Islands MENDELSSOHN'S 8vo (Felix Bartholdy) Life Vols 8vo 5s 6d Adventures Post 8vo By Jules Benedict 2s 6d MEREDITH'S (Mrs Charles) Notes and Sketches of Wales, during a Residence from 1839 to 1814 Post 8vo New 2s 6l 5s (Published under the direction of the Dilettanti Society.) PERRY'S With Extracts (Sir Erskine) Bird's-Eye View of India from a Journal kept in the Provinces, Nepaul, &c Fcap Svo, 5s PHILLIPS' (John) Memoirs logist) Portrait Svo of William Smith, LL.D (the Geo- 7s 6d - Geology of Yorkshire, The Yorkshire Coast, and the Mountain-Limestone District Plates 4to Part I., 20s -Part II., 30s - Rivers, _ With Essays on Country Mountains, and Sea Coast of Yorkshire the Climate, Scenery, and Ancient Inhabitants of the Second Edition, with 36 Plates 8vo 15s PUBLISHED BY MR MURRAY 27 PHILPOTT'S (Bishop) Letters to the late Charles Butler, on the Theological parts of his " Book of the Roman Catholic Church " with certain Works of Dr Milner and Dr Linsjard, and on some parts of the Evidence of Dr Doyle Second Edition 8vo lGs ; Remarks on PHIPPS' (Hon Edmund) Memoir, Correspondence, Literary and Unpublished Diaries of Robert Pliimer Ward Portrait Vols 8vo POPE'S (Alexander) WORKS An with Notes PORTER'S (Ret Svo In J L.) New entirely 28s Edited, Edition the Press Five Years in Damascus Palmyra, Lebanon, and other Scripture Sites vols PostSvo 21s With Travels to Map and Woodcuts HANDBOOK FOR SYRIA AND PALESTINE : including an Account of the Geography, Ki.-.tory, Antiquities, and Inhabitants of these Countries, the Peninsula of Sinai, Edom, and the Syrian Desert Maps Vols Post 8vo 24s (Mes.) Rational Arithmetic Private Instruction PRAYER-BOOK 12mo for and Schools for 3s 6