The Bees of the Eastern United States, Colletidae, Mitchell 1960

The three genera irl this family t h a t occur in the eastern United States a r e quite diverse in size of the i~lcludeclspecies, as well as in their appearance and habits The most distinctive common feature is the short, broadly tl-uncate, bificl or hilobed glossa in which they resemble the sphecoid wasps more c!osely thnn they d o the other bees In the males, the virlse!!a of the genital armature is composed d :I clistinct cuspis and dipitus, ihe latter being :~~.ticulalted in some of the included forms, and tile inner opposIn most ed surfaces being dentic~~lated species the female:: have d i s t i ~ c t ,though sometimes small, facial foveae These a r e sometimes evident to a !csser degree in the n~:~!e$.The labia! palpi are short and the four segments arp more o r less equal in length F r o n t wing with bnl two submzrginal cells H?jltre7c,s (p 60) F ~ c n t1vi17.y w;th t h t , c ~s i i h n i a ~ ~ i n acells l the female, while in th_e male i t is evident but not distinct Caupolicana electa (Cresson) (Frontispiece & fig 6) ;Ilegacilissa clectn Cresson, 1878 Acad Nat Sci Phila Proc 30, p 221 $ Length, 20 mm.; integument black, basal segments of legs picesu:;, tibiae and tarsi f e r ruginous; wings pale fuliginous, veins more ferruginous, t h e sniall and n a r r o w stigma piceous; tegulae pale yellowish-hyaline thorax and basal abdominal segment with a dense and r a t h e r short covering of fine pubescence which entirely obscures the surface, pale ochraceous above, becoming somewhat more whitish below; 2nd and following segments of abdomen black in appearance, pubescence extremely short a n d hsrdly evident on the more basal segments, becoming r a t h e r long and copious on 5th and 6th fuscous in color FEMALE-Face about a s long a s broad; clypeus protnberant, relatively bare, smooth and shining, with minute, scattered, irregular I'ygitlia! r)lni!: n h e n i ; 211tI ~ c c ~ ~ r l vein cnt punctures; labrum largely exposed, with a ~.ccul.ve:lj)o~!c~.iol.ly iowa1.d outer margin shallow median grnovcl; nlandibles r a t h e r short Collcfe:~ (p 2.1) of win and s l e n d ~ r bicleritate , ; basal segment of flagelPgpidial plntc prescnt; n d rccurrent vein lum about equal to segnleltts 2-5 combined, the ricarly rtra'pht, not n t all recurved median segments s o i ~ ~ e w h longer at t h a n broad, ~ ~ ( l ~ f ~ ~ o l ; r the f l ? l2nd f l about a s broad a s long, piceous above, somewhat more bro~vnish beneath; facial ( F i g 5) C ' ~ : I ( ~ ~ O / ~ C ( I JS~ ~( Ii r i o l a I%;? , I n Gay, I-Iist fisico : politlca tle Chile Zool., t;, p '712 Tync: C r ~ ~ r l ~ o l i cgu?li ~ r ~ aSpinola Jlc.yrrciLissr~ S m i t h 1853 Cat Hym Brit Mus 1, p 122 Tylle: Cr:i,policv)zcr f7tli icollis Spinola licgalocilissr., Schulz, 1906 Spolla Wym p 243 Emendation This is p r i a i a ~ i l ya ncotropic:ll group of rn the bees, with but two ?pec.ies k ~ l o ~ i from United State?, one of the121 occurring in the southwest and the c ~ t h ~illr the southeast The included :,pecies are large and densely pubescent, ou: species beinp about as large as a medium-sized bumble-bee The glossa is conspicuously bjlohed, ~:\c!iIo',e being elongate, sle~lder,acute apically and well corered with short setae The scopa is well deve!oped on the t r n ~ h a n t e ~ sfemora , and tibiae of the hind legs, the hairs very long, slender, copious and densely plumose The pygidial plate is large and weli developed in ARMATURE Figure Genital armature and sterna and in males of Caupoliccc~cnelecta Dorsal view of armature on left of median line, ventral view on right, 24 BEESO F THE EASTE foveae poorly developed; vertex narrow back of eyes, lateral ocelli large, about equidistant from eyes and each other, and separated from margin of vertex by a space about equal to their diameter; pubescence rather long and copious on posterior and lower surfaces of head, between ocelli and around bases of antennae, entirely pale ochraceous; cheeks about equal to eyes in width; front and middle legs quite densely pubescent, front tibiae with a prominent, posterior, whitish fringe; scopa dense, well developed on trochanters, femora and tibiae, pale ochraceous, very finely plun~ose; hind basitarsi shorter than tibiae but fully as broad; basitibial plate poorly developed MALE.-Face rather narrow and elongate, inner margin of eyes parallel, eyes quite large in frontal view; clypeus protuberant, quite densely pubescent, with very fine and close punctures beneath; labrum largely exposed, with a shallow median groove; mandibles short and slender, with a subapical inner tooth; basal segment of flagellum about equal to segments 2-5 in length, 2nd segment broader than long, following segments slightly longer than broad, piceous above, more brownish beneath; vertex narrow back of eyes, lateral ocelli large, space separating them from eyes about equal to their diameter, but somewhat more widely removed from margin of vertex; cheeks slightly narrower than eyes'; pubescence pale ochraceous and quite dense on posterior portion of vertex, cheeks, front below antennae, between ocelli and over most of clypeus; legs slender, hind tibiae elongate, slightly arcuate, about twice the length of the mid tibiae, hind basitarsi slender, parallel-sided and about half the length of their tibiae Colletes Latreille Colletes Latreille, 1802 Histoire naturelle des fourmis p 423 Type: A p i s succincta Linnaeus Colletes Stephen, 1954 Univ Kansas Sci Bul 36, No 6, pp 149-527 Revision Colletes is quite primitive in several respects The broadly truncate and emarginate glossa is one such feature, and the rather general distribution of the pollen collecting hairs on the posterior surface of the thorax, the more basal segments of the hind legs and to some degree the venter of the abdomen also suggest a primitive or generalized condition The most distinctive and reliable character is the recurved form of the 2nd recurrent vein of the front wing The 1st submarginal cell is nearly equal to the 2nd and 3rd combined I n size, species of Colletes approximate that of the honeybee, some of them being somewhat larger and others smaller Usually they are rather conspicuously pubescent, and many species have prominent apical bands of hair on the abdominal segments Biological notes on a few of the species have been pub1ished.l They are soil-nesting, making tunnels of varying depths which are humming with activity during the brief period of flight Species are either vernal or autumnal, and only in the more northern latitudes where the summer is very short, are they found in flight during the mid summer period DISTRIBUTION-Coastal plain, North Carolina to Georgia and Alabama; September FLOWER RECORDS-Aureolaria sp and Trichostema dichotemum There is much to learn regarding the distribution and habits of this bee It seems to be primarily matinal, so f a r as the time of flight is concerned, and both sexes have been collected on Trichostema around sunrise Males, however, have been collected in late afternoon or a t dusk, visiting both Trichostema and Aureolaria I t was thought that i t might be nocturnal, but the flowers which i t visits, a t least so f a r as positive records show, are closed during the night, which would seem to preclude any nocturnal visits I t occurs, apparently, only in the sand ridge areas of the Coastal Plain in the Southeast KEY TO SPECIES Females Malar space half a s long a s eye validus Cresson (p 52) Malar space much shorter than half length of eye 2 Malar space nearly equalling the width of the base of the mandible Malar space not more than half as long a s the basal width of the mandible Clypeus elongate, flattened, with a sharp median, longitudinal sulcus longifacies Stephen (p 43) Clypeus relatively short, the median sulcus shallow or poorly developed See C compactus, C inaequalis and accus C thor- Pubescence of dorsum of thorax largely pale, with only a few dark hairs; dorsal face of triangle of propodeum with coarse, widely spaced striae delimiting shining rectangular pits productus Robertson (p 45) Thorax dorsally with conspicuous dark pubescence; dorsal face of triangle of propodeum finely and closely striate impunetatus lacustris Swenk (p 40) ( ) Metapleura with a dorsal, overhanging, carinate projection, the margin of which usually is testaceous Metapleura not carinate dorsally 16 Scutunl thinly and entirely pale pubescent, shining, punctures fine and relatively sparse, even anteriorly, interspaces much wider than the punctures Scutuin more densely or copiously pubescent, or with intermixed blackish hairs, deeply and closely punctate, interspaces usually not exceeding punctures in width, a t least anteriorly Metapleural protuberance conspicuously carinate, the margin narrowly but distinctly yellow bradleyi Mitchell (p 33) Metapleural protuberance very low and inconspicuous, entirely black albescens Cresson (p 30) ( ) Scutum with strong admixture of black pubescence medially thysanellae Mitchell (p 51) Pubescence of scutum entirely pale 9 Lateral angles of pronotum produced and sharply acute, almost spinose howardi Swenk (p 38) Lateral angles of pronotum either not produced or only very inconspicuously so 10 10 Pubescence of scutum short, subappressed, thickened and densely plumose, largely obscuring the surface 11 Pubescence of scutum more elongate, fine and erect 12 11 Metapleural protuberance conspicuously carinate, the margin yellow aberrans Cockerel1 (p 28) Metapleural protuberance very low and inconspicuous, entirely black wilmattae Cockerel1 (p 54) 12 ( ) Metapleural protuberance relatively small and inconspicuous, the carinate margin black or very narrowly testaceous 13 Metapleural protuberance more robust, the margin conspicuously testaceous 14 13 Discs of abdominal terga densely covered with appressed, yellow tomentum, obscuring the surface solidaginis Swenk (p 49) Discs of abdominal terga not densely tomentose, surface obscured only beneath the conspicuous, pale ochraceous, apical fasciae mitchelli Stephen (p 32) 14 ( ) Pubescence of dorsum of thorax snowwhite; discs of abdominal terga densely covered with closely appressed, fine, white tomentuin, obscuring the surface susannae Swenk (p 49) ~ubgscence of dorsum of thorax brizht ochraceous; discs of abdominal terga largely exposed 15 15 Basal tergum of abdomen shining, very 'minutely and obscurely punctate; basal tomentose band of second tergum relatively less dense and conspicuous arnerieanus Cresson (p 31) Basal tergum more closely and distinctly punctate laterally; basal tomentose band of second tergum broad, dense and conspicuous mandibularis Smith (p 44) ( ) Hind basitarsi very broad and flat, length only about twice the breadth latitarsis Robertson (p 43) Hind basitarsi three or four times longer than broad 17 17 Abdominal terga l & with deep subapical grooves, the rims reflexed brevicornis Robertson (p 34) Apical margins of terga & not grooved or reflexed 18 18 Lateral angles of pronotum spinose 19 Angles of pronotum not spinose, although possibly acute 22 19 Scutuin irregularly roughened, without distinct punctures, hind margins of abdominal terga black, and only slightly depressed simulans armatus Patton (p 47) Scutum with coarse and deep punctures; hind margins of abdominal terga abruptly depressed, hyaline in p a r t 20 20 Abdominal terga coarsely, deeply and closely punctate robertsonii Dalla Torre (p 46) Abdominal terga minutely and obscurely punctate 21 21 Pubescence of dorsum of thorax entirely pale hyalinus Provancher (p 39) Pubescence of dorsum of thorax in large part fuscous or black simulans miamiensis Mitchell (p 48) 22(18.) Apical sternum with a pair of distinct lateral ridges 23 Apical sternum without lateral ridges 24 26 BEES OF THE EASTERNUNIT^ STATES,1 23 Abdominal punctures close, deep and distinct, relatively coarse; dorsum of thora x with much conspicuous blackish pubescence compactus Cresson (p 36) Abdomen more shining, punctures finer and less deep; dorsum of thorax with pubescence entirely pale banksi Swenk (p 32) 24 (22) Punctures of basal abdominal tergum deep and distinct, although possibly fine 25 Basal tergum impunctate or with exceedingly minute and obscure punctures that are barely visible 33 25 Pubescence of scutum entirely pale 26 Pubescence of scutum with a t least some admixture of blackish or darker hairs 30 26 Facial foveae narrow, restricted, not nearly reaching lateral ocelli; second tergum with very short pubescence, not noticeably dark 27 Facial foveae triangular, broad and extensive nearly reaching lateral ocelli 28 27 Clypeus weakly sulcate medially; abdominal sterna shining, quite coarsely punctate; punctures of mesopleura nearly contiguous eulophi Robertson (p 42) Clypeus not sulcate; adbominal sterna dull, the punctures very fine; punctures of mesopleura separated by about a puncture width kincaidii Cockerell (p 41) 28 (26) Abdominal terga 2-4 with rather short but erect and quite evident pubescence; central area of scutum shining and sparsely punctate 29 Pubescence of abdominal terga 2-4 mostly appressed, entirely pale and very thin and inconspicuous; scutum closely punctate throughout ciliatus Patton (p 35) 29 Smaller (10-11 mm.) ; hind basitarsi more slender, with length four times the breadth uestivalis Patton (p 29) Larger (12-14 mm.) ; hind basitarsi more robust, length three and a third times thebreadth andrewsi Cockerel1 (p 30) 30 Dorsum of thorax densely covered with bright fulvous pubescence, with but a very few blackish hairs intermixed near center of scutum thoracicus Smith (p 50) Pubescence of dorsum of thorax whitish or blackish, more or less as a n intermixture 31 31 Clypeus dull, finely and densely striate, and with a distinct median sulcus willistoni Robertson (p 53) Clypeus either coarsely rugoso-punctate, or with finer but distinct punctures, to some degree shining 32 32 Punctures of scutum posteriorly and scutellum very coarse and deep; cheeks much narrower than eyes nudus Robertson (p 45) Punctures of scutum and scutellum relatively fine, cheeks broader than eyes inaequalis Say (p 41) 33 (24) Scutum and scutellum densely covered with rather long, bright fulvous pubescence; abdominal fasciae reduced or absent thoracicus Smith (p 50) Either the scutum with some dark pubescence, or the abdomen conspicuously fasciate 34 34 Scutum with a t least some admixture of blackish hairs 35 Scutum entirely pale pubescent 37 35 Basal abdominal tergum with fine, but deep, distinct and rather close punctures inaequalis Say (p 41) Basal tergum shining, nearly impunctate 36 36 Malar space lacking; hypoepimeral area shining between the distinctly separated, coarse and deep punctures titusensis Mitchell (p 51) Malar space nearly half as long as width of mandible a t base; hypoepimeral area dull, coarsely rugose distinctus Cresson (p 37) 37(34) Facial foveae distinct, width about equal to the space between antennae, broad and well developed; abdominal terga with conspicuous, erect, fuscous pubescence on discs consors mesosoopus Swenk (p 37) Facial foveae small or very narrow and poorly developed; abdomen without conspicuous dark pubescence 38 38 Pubescence of dorsum of thorax bright ochraceous ; hypoepimeral area dull, closely and completely punctate; segment of flagellum short, no more than equal to segment brimleyi Mitchell (p 34) Pubescence of dorsum of thorax pale ochraceous or whitish; hypoepimeral area smooth and shining in part, only upper half punctate; segment of flagellum usually longer than segment hyalinus Provancher (p 39) Mules Malar space half as long a s eye validus Cresson (p 52) Malar space shorter, subequal to or shorter than width of mandibles at base 2 Malar space long, nearly or quite equalling width of the mandibles at base Malar space not longer than half the width of the mandibles a t base 10 Basal segment of abdomen closely and deeply punctate, especially toward apical margin Basal segment of abdomen shining, punctures fine or minute, separated by much more than their own diameters Apical margin of 2nd and 3rd abdominal terga not or only very obscurely depressed inaequalis Say (p 41) Apical margin of 2nd and 3rd terga deeply and abruptly depressed 5 Pubescence of dorsum of thorax entirely pale At least scutellum with some intermixture of dark hairs compactus Cresson (p 36) Wings of 7th sternum relatively broad, angulate medially on outer margin kincaidii Cockerel1 (p 41) Wings of 7th sternum relatively narrow, evenly rounded on outer margin, and with a distinct neck basally, just beyond articular condyle eulophi Robertson (p 42) (3) Punctures of scutum minute, widely separated even anteriorly, the surface polished productus Robertson (p 45) Punctures of scutum coarse and deep, quite close, a t least anteriorly 8 Smaller (about mm.); clypeus shining beneath beard, punctures minute; pleura shining, with distinctly separated punctures impunctatus lacustris Swenk (p 40) Somewhat larger (9 mm or more) ; clypeus deeply, coarsely and quite closely punctate 9 Punctures of scutellum much more coarse than those of scutum; lower portion of pleura with some shining spaces evident between punctures distinctus Cresson (p 37) Punctures of scutellum and scutum about equally coarse and deep; pleura densely tessellate and dull between the rather coarse and close punctures thoradcus Smith (p 50) (2) Metapleura with an overhanging carinate protuberance just beneath base of hind wing, the margin of this protuberance usually testaceous 11 Metapleura, if protuberant a t all, not carinate 20 11 Pubescence of scutum entirely pale 12 Scutum with abundant, fuscous or blackish hairs intermixed with the pale pubescence thysanellae Mitchell (p 61) 12 Basal tergum closely and distinctly punctate throughout, interspaces only slightly exceeding puncture width 13 Median portion of disc of basal tergum either indistinctly or quite sparsely punctate 17 13 Lateral areas of prothorax, above front coxae expanded, nearly nude, carinate anteriorly abe~ransCockerel1 (p 28) Lateral areas not expanded, obscured by relatively dense pubescence 14 14 Pubescence of head and thorax snowywhite susannae Swenk (p 49) Pubescence of head and thorax yellowish or ochraceous 16 15 Metapleural protuberance low and inconspicuous, obscured by dense pubescence, margin entirely black howardi Swenk (p 38) Metapleural protuberance well developed, although possibly obscured by pubescence, the margin quite broadly yellow 16 16 Legs bright testaceous wilmattae Cockerel1 (p 54) Legs basally piceous or black, the tarsi more or less testaceous mandibularis Smith (p 44) 17 (12) Tarsi ferruginous; punctures of basal segment of abdomen very obscure, barely evident even laterally soliduginis Swenk (p 49) Punctures of basal segment of abdomen distinct, though very fine, laterally quite close 18 18 Malar space fully half as long as width of mandible a t base albescens Cresson (p 30) Malar space very narrow or linear 19 19 Metapleural protuberance wide and conspicuous, with a distinct testaceous rim americanus Cresson (p 31) Metapleural protuberance quite low and inconspicuous, its margin entirely black mitchelli Stephen (p 32) 20(10) Hind basitarsi very broad and flat, width equalling half the length latitarsis Robertson (p 43) Hind basitarsi narrow, three or four times longer than broad 21 21 Basal segment of flagellum nearly or quite equal to second segment in length 22 Basal segment of flagellum short, usually not much longer than broad, and much shorter than second segment 28 22 Basal segment of abdomen very finely punctate, shining, interspaces much exceeding diameter of punctures 23 Basal segments of abdomen closely and deeply punctate, punctures usually rathercoarse 24 23 Basal segment of flagellum longer than the second segment which is very short, 28 BEES O F THE EASTERNUNITEDSTATES,I broader than long; pubescence of abdomen entirely pale titusensis Mitchell (p 51) Second segment of flagelluin slightly longe r than, or subequal to, basal segment; discs of abdominal terga 2-5 with erect fuscous pubescence consors mesoscopus Swenk (p 37) 24 (22) Abdominal terga with conspicuous, erect and rather long, fuscous pubescence; antennae elongate, segments of flagellum nearly twice as long a s broad 25 Antennae not so long, segments of flagellum being only slightly longer than broad, if a t all; pubescence on discs of abdominal terga either entirely pale, or if dark, very short and inconspicuous 26 25 Smaller (10-12 mm.) ; hind basitarsi more slender, length about four times the breadth aestivalis Patton (p 29) Larger (14 mm.); hind basitarsi more robust, length no more than three times the breadth a n d r e w s i Cockerell (p 30) 26 (24) Basal segment of flagellum considerably longer than second segment; abdominal terga and with quite deep subapical grooves, the margins thus slightly reflexed brevicornis Robertson (p 34) Segments and flagellum about equal in length; apical margins of abdominal terga not a t all reflexed 27 27 Scutum very finely and closely punctate over most of disc; discs of abdominal terga beyond the first covered with very short, erect, fuscous pubescence c i l i a t u s Patton (p 35) Scutuin very coarsely and deeply punctate, interspaces shining; pubescence of discs of abdominal terga obscure, suberect, reddish a t certain angles of view w i l l i s t o n i Robertson (p 53) 28(21) Malar space about half as long as width of mandible a t base 29 Malar space very short, not more than one third a s long a s wide 33 29 Upper portion of pleura shining, the punctures distinct, with intervening shining spaces 30 Upper portion of pleura dull, roughened or rugoso-punctate 31 30 Pubescence of face, vertex and dorsum of thorax ochraceous; discs of abdominal terga beyond the first with very short, erect, fuscous pubescence k i n c a i d i i Cockerell (p 41) Pubescence of head and thorax entirely white; abdominal terga without evident dark pubescence on discs h y a l i n u s Provancher (p 39) 31 (29) Anterior portion of scutum roughened or rugoso-punctate, without distinctly separated punctures; pubescence of scutum largely fuscous, with pale hairs intermixed s i m u l a n s a r m a t u s Patton (p 47) Scutum entirely pale pubescent, punctures over anterior portion distinct and to some degree separate 32 32 Scutum anteriorly closely punctate, interspaces less than diameter of punctures; punctures of scutellum only slightly more coarse than those of scutum b r i m l e y i Mitchell (p 34) Scutum anteriorly more finely punctate, interspaces about equal to or slightly greater than diameter of punctures; punctures of scutellum very much more coarse and close than those of scutum b a n k s i S w n k (p 32) 33 (28) Punctures of abdominal terga very coarse, close and deep; tarsi ferruginous r o b e r t s o n i i Dalla Torre (p 46) Punctures of abdominal terga relatively fine 34 34 Hypoepimeral area with coarse, deep and distinct punctures nudzcs Robertson (p 45) Hypoepimeral area without distinct punctures 35 35 Pubescence of dorsum of thorax entirely pale; wings lightly infuscated, 2nd submarginal cell shorter than 3rd siinulans m i a m i e n s i s Mitchell (p 48) Dorsum of thorax with intermixed fuscous or blackish hairs; wings clear hyaline, 2nd submarginal cell longer than 3rd s i m u l a n s a r m a t u s Patton (p 47) Colletes aberrans Cockerel1 (Figs & 9) Colletes a b e r r a n s Cockerell, 1897 Ann Mag Nat Hist (6) 19, p 44 P Cotletes a b e r r a n s Stephen, 1954 Univ Kans Sci Bul 36, Pt No 6, p 338 P FEMALE-Length 10-11 mm.; face somewhat longer than its greatest breadth; eyes convergent below; length of malar space about one-fourth its breadth ; facial foveae narrow but rather deep, obscured by a covering of whitish tomentum; antenna1 segments fully as broad a s long; clypeus very slightly produced below suborbital line, shining, rather closely and irregularly punctate, punctures finer and closer laterally and above; supraclypeal area bare, more finely punctured, punctures well separated medially; face otherwise densely covered with whitish, feathery pubescence, obscuring the surface; vertex bare and shining, with a few scattered very fine punc- ; clleeks deiisei y pubescerit abuvr, bare ; ~ n d closely, finely punctate below; arlteiinae (!~111ferruginous l)eneatli; pu?ri.rcence entii,e!y white, with a slight crea111y t i n t on ~ O ~ ~ L I IofI I thorax; lateral faces of pl.oth[)ras unusually i.xtensive, barc, anterior i n a r g i ~ ~carinatc arig!es ncii :,piiietl; metapleu1,al prutubcrance conspicuousiy carinate, margin of the carilia testaccous; t ~ g u l a e dull f e r r u g i ~ ~ o u smiiiys , whitish, violaceo~rsapically, veiiis and s t i g ~ n a testacec,us; scutum largely covered with short, subapprc~ssi.rl,Sc.:~tlii.ry pube~crlice, obscurillg the surface, this partially esposetl in ceiitrr posteriorly where the 5u1,fact is shining ant1 punct,ures coarse, deep arid sparse; sciiti.llun~ bare a ~ l t e r i o r l y ,shining, with sparse scattered purictul~es, c?e!isr!y tumentose over pnsterior portion : l)ieul.u more thinly pul~escent.but p u he~cei?ccshoi,t arid feathery, surfacr closely 2nd quite c u ; ~ ~ a c lanti y ,leeply l~nnct,ate;Intel,a1 faces of propodeum 1,ather densely covered I\-ith finer pu!~escencc~.iul,face partially exposed 1x3latively sinoc~th, tlorsal face r a t h e r closely striate resulting shilling pits narrox~-, l:lrgc!~- hidtlc~: kiy ~~uhe:.vcncc; legs i:icl~~iii!ig tarsi, ti:ir!i alitc'ripines n-ell devclopeti; hind irasitnrsi about three times longer than I,i,t~atf; s p u r s l;ello~vish-ferrugi11ous; abdonlinal t e r g : ~ w r y fineiy arid closely purict a t r , punctu1.e~ on basal segiuent more disti17ctly scparatetl hut not sparsc; apical marp i n s of tery:r +ligli.tl~-(1eprc.-sed, conspic:luusl~testaceous ireneat11 thc tlensc, entire, I ~ r o a d , white fascixe; basal half of discs of Biitl antl ::i,d ahdoinin:il t e ~ y acovtrcd with appresseri white tc~mentum,and basal ~ C I ~ U I Ylai,gely I o'n-curecl LIJ- siinil;lr pubescence, this ?)econ~inc somewhat longer aiitl Inore erc+ct a t extreme base t ures bescence, partially expusing t11e surface, punctures of scutum r a t h e r coarse and close, but not crom:lec!, closer laterally, quite sparse posteriorly, those on scutellum coarser, sparse a n tri,iorly, crowded along hind margin; pleura quite coarsely arid tlecply punctate, punctures crowtleti anterio~.lya n d above well separated hut not sparse belou-, pubescence long and r a t h e r thin; lateral faces of propocleum with long, thin pubescence, surface partially exposed, somewhat shining tloi.sal face short shining between tlie parallel stri:ie; abdominal t e r g a closely, deeply, tlistinctly and finely punctate, punctures becoming close^ and niinuie on the niore apical srginents; apical m a r gins of t e r g a depressed, testaceous-hyaline beneath the dense, elitire, mhite fasciae; discs of 2nd and 3rd abdo~iiinal terga with a slight aniount of suberect white pubescence across base, otherwise pubescence of abdomen very thin short, pale ant1 ol>.scure not ohac~11~in.g the surface I~ISTRIBUTIOS-Thih 5peeies is weste r n in i t s distribution, b11t ranges into Wisconsin, Illinois and Slichigan in t h e east I t i s in flight from mid Jime to mid August FLOWER RECORDS-Stephen 'ecords this species on 31elilof~cts Petnlo.sten~oir f1nrrsce)ts a n d P I-illoszcnt I Fig & ) C'ollttes a c s t ~ crlis l P a t t o n , l h Boston Soc S a t Ilist Proc 20, p 142 Colletes hetcchei.ne Robertson, 1891 Amer - l l i l L E - - - I , ~ ~ i g t hb-!I 111111 f ;ice ~ ~ n ~ e \ v h aE~n t Soc T l a n r 18, p 61 idnger than i t > grcate.jt I~reatltil; eye5 con- Colleteh uesiivulis Robertson, 1929 Flowers vergent below; length of nlalar space about and Insects Lancaster, P a Science Press o~~c-tl.ii!~il it;: I.,riadth: ;lntciinae beneath deep (Flower records i fc~rrupinuus.length ul' niciii;\n segnients about Collcfes u e s t i c ~ u l ~Stephen, s 1964 Univ Kana one and a half times tlie breadth; c!ypcus Sci Eul 36 P t 1, No G , p 281 d finely antl closely punctate bnieath the dense white beard; 2\11 o f f a r e 11elow antennae covFEMALE-Length 10-11 ~ n n i ; length of ered \vith long white liubescencc, surface above face slightly exceeding greatest width; eyes antennae inore exposed, xvith r a t h e r close, subparallel, only very ~ ! i g h t l yconvergent becoarse, distinct p ~ n c t u i , e s ; vcrtt'): bare and low; length of ~ n a l a rspace about one-fourth shinin:: wit!] very iitie and 1.~tli21,close pllncit-: b i e a d t h ; facial foveae extensive, subtrit c r c s ; cll~e!i:: riii~:inz ~ninut'ly piiuctatc !I-.angular, slightly curved toward the lateral neath the dense pubescence; pubescence cntireocelli above; antennae (lark, n~eciiansegnlents ly ~ v h i t ~with , a slig:ht creamy tint on dorsum slightly longei t h a n broad; clypeus somewhat of t h o r a s ; 1;1ti.:.~ilf a r e s of 111,uthoi.a~ unnsual!y shining, !jut finely contiguously and striately extensive, bare, antr,rior nlargin c;lririate, an- punctate, especially above, 'vith punctures of prot'lberance ~al cungles not spinet!; ~ n e t n l ~ l e u ~ supraclypeal a r e a sparse in marketi contrast; spicuously c a ~ i n a t e ,inargin c~f the c3rilla tes- pubescence greyish-white, slightly yellowish taceous; legs reddcnetl apically; s p u r s yellowon clorsum of hcarl a n d thurax, ~ v i t l ~ o udark t wings ish; trg:.uiae yello\visl~-fc~,l?rginous; aclnlixture; latelzl angles of p1.otho1.a~acute, b u t not spine-like; nietapleural whitish, violaceous apically, veins and stignla with a very low tjbscurc c a r i n a ; tegulae d a r k ; tcstaceuus; tiors~ili~of thorax covered with long, erect and r a i h e r thin, feathery, white pu- wings subhyali~ic, very slightly violaceous, vein> ailL{ sti:_ma fe~i.ugirio11a;2nd submarginnl cell c9nsider:ibly :shorter t h a n r d ; scut~i!ii.-hinip!?, r a t h e r finely b ~ i tdistil~ctiypunt.tatc, those in front separated by about a Puntt u r e ~vitith,bec:)ininp; veuy sparse posteriorly: 1)cnctui.es of rcute1l:ii~~niore c02rsc, crowtietl po:;tcrio~.ly, hr: ve1.g i par.;? along ante!.io~ inargiii; piel~.ra dnll, tesscllate, punctu?es about e!!unl to thore of scutuiii but more rrowtie:l: r!orsal pvrtion of propodeunl smooth between the r:lther close, parallel s t r i a e ; legs, including t a r s i dark, coxal spines well develnpcci; hind !,>isitarsi slender, parallel-sided, length about f o u r times the breadth; spurs yellowish-ferruginous; abdominal terga r a t h e r ~11111,punctnres fiiic br.t tiistinct, separated by two or three times the puncture width, apical niargins somcwhnt hyalinc, slightly depressed bcncath thc dense, entire, white, apical fasciae but s c g a ~ e n t5 not fasciate; discal pubesceiisc fuscou.i, s2101.t and erect on ahdoininal terga beyond the first FLOLVEK RECOKUS-Hrc1cllei.t~ tri)~e).ica>,a alid H l l i s j ~ i d a Robertson (1929) record;; aasti?.niis 911 A p o i ~ ~ ~cai~rlal)irllrltl, ~~iil Herac.Icicj,j la,Lnf~l,il,K7.i{,in a,~zplen.icazLlis, P o l g f a e i ~ i n iilifial!ii, Rll its glaA).n, R i b e s ;\I> LE-I,c.ng.tii 10 mni.; length clf f a c e slightly exceeding i t s greatest width; eyes su!)?:~r;:iI~~l, onir very sii::hi:y conve~,gentbelow: length of nin!ar space ::bout one-third its \ilea dt'n ; a ntcniin? tiarli inedial~ sepnlents twice a.: lo;ip a s broad; clypcus very finely aild dti-:t;c!y p-.tnctate beneath the pubescence; pubescence are>-ish-white, siiyhtly yellowish nn t l o r s ~ ~of~ :heat1 ~ 'nd thoras, without dark atlruixt~irc;laterai aiipltl~of prothorax acute, hut iiot spine-lil:(.; inetapleura! protuberance \\-i+i? :I ve1.y i,.:>; o1,:;cure c:n.ina; tegulae d a r k ; wings :ubilyaliiie, very slightly violaceous veins and stigina ferruginous; 2nd suhmaricinal cell ctjr.,itierably shorter than r d ; scntun1 soii:ewiia: shini!~?:, punctures fine b u t distinct, separated by two or three times the puilcture ividth over alitei,ior poition of disc becoming aoiii!!\vhat !nore sparse posteriorly; :tiiterior inargiii of scutell~~lil ilnpunctate, otlierwise th:: p ~ n c t u l emore ~ coarse, close ant1 deep than on scutum: posterior portion of i)icura with si~aliolv,iii>tinctly s c p a ~ a t c dpunct u r e - , itiCei :p:ii-es zhining, hut surface dull, tc?-c;I:~te :~i:~iv x y (,bs~.lirelypunctnte anteric~rlyantl above; striae of tlorsal face of propotictun~ pni,allri ant1 quite close; legs dar!i hasitai,si s!i,nc;er and pa~~allel-sided, length of hint1 baait::r>i about f o u r iiincs t h e breadth; spurs yel!ovt-ish-fe~.r~.igirious; ai;do~iiinalterga s o n ~ c w h a t shining between the minute, well sepa~,ittcdp ' ~ i : i c t ~ ~ rapical e ~ , 1:largins slightly c!ep;.c:;sed nalcr in color hei:eath the entire narrow, white apical fasciae; discal pubescence ~ L I S C < > I ~ : : ,short end erect on abdoininal t e l g a hcyon;l the 1st This species is more nestern in distribution, occurring in Colnr:ido, Nebraska, South Dakota and Manitoba !)tit has also been recorded in Wisconsin I t is nearly identical with uestivalis, differing only in size, the relative proportions of the hind basitarsi, and the male genital armature and 7th abdominal sternum DISTRIE'C'~IOI: I~I~II~~~ to S e w York and 11I:lss:~chusetts south to Tennessee, Korth Carolina antl Georgia; mid Map to mid July gtzncilc, R!ihzis cilloszr: r.ima and Zizin atci.ea Tnenidln ittteger- Colletcs andrewsi Cockerel1 L ollctc s A~ctlic lr'si Cockerell, 1906 Ann &lap N a t Hist ( ) 17 p 311 Colletes untlre~vsiCockerell, 1907 Univ Colorado Studies 4, p 239 (key) Colletes aestiva1i.s Criddle t l rrl., 1924 Itep! E n t Soc Ontario, p 99 ( ' o l l ~ f c sncst~cnlinGraenicher !935 E n t Soc Amer Ann 28, p 301 Colic tt7s n11tl7rwsi T i n l b e ~ l a h e 1!)4.? .Amel JIus Nat Hist Bul 81, p 385 C o l l c t e ~niicit czrsi Stephen, 195-1 Univ Kan Sci Bull 36, P t I., S o 6, p 283 o^ FEMALE-Length 12-14 mm.; length of hind basitarsi about three and a third times the breadth XALE-Length 14 n m ; length of hind basitarsi no inore t h a n thiee times the breadth; wings of sternum n r ~ t h a n inner apical angle This visits Neccchoci, anti I.- 113 flirht from mitl May to nlitl July Colletes albcscens Cresson C o l l ~ t r sulbcsce~ts Ciesson, 18(iP Boston Soc S a t Hi5t Proc I % ,p 16S ^ Colletes albesce7z.s Robertson, 1929 Floweis and Icsects, Lanct;,ter I'a Science Press (flowcr recortls) Collctcs rtlbescc~tsStephe: 1:lj.l Univ Kani2 Sci Bul 36, P t 1, ic'o (:, p 335 FEMALE Leng th 8-9 111111 : face somewhat longer t h a n distance b?tTveen cycs above; cyes convergent below; ixalal space short, about one-third a s long a s basal width of mandible; faclal foveae r a t h e r sinall and shallow telminatinl: above about midv~:.ay between eye and lateral ocellus; clypeus protruding nearly one-half below s u b o i b ~ t a l line, with r a t h e r fine, close punctures above, becoming more sparse and irregular apically, meclinn a i e a of c l y ~ e u , lightly tlat~erlc:!; bppei 1)oltioii of face with fine, close arid deep punctules, becoming minute and obscure on vertex, very fine and ciose on cheeks abovc, becoming shghtiy :lif1re distinct below: s e ~ m e n t sof fiagelluln brownish beneath, more plceous above, about a s lol;g a s broad: bas21 seginent blackish, somewhat !i~i:;:i:r; l)c,liescencc entirely white, copious, r a i h c r short, but not hiding the surface un entire head and thorax; lateral angles of proiiiituni not pr,)?uceti ; iiie~apleurnlpi.otuberance low, entirely black; f r o n t coxae ~x,,ithou~ spines; Ic-s piteous in general, apical t a r s a l segments more or ~ C S S f e r r u g i ~ ~ o uspurs s, testaceolis; tepulac brownish-liyalinc with practically 110 p~unctures; wings liyaline, veins and stigma bro~vnish-testaceous, 2nd submarginal cell nearly a s long a s 3rd; dorsunl of thorax soinc~vhat shining, punctures of scutuiil deep antl di-tinct, r a t h e r close :inti fine over anterior portion, but becoming sparse along anterior margin and sparse niedially tui\-:i~.tl po-terioi nlaiyin, tho:-:e oil scutellum somewhat sparse anteriorly, but becoming very cio-;e, alillost cro~vcletl l)r~steriorly; ple~~rr:! punctures tleep, distinct and quite close ant1 cnarse i l l ~ e n c ! ~ ; i i ,the hypoepimcral area marc fincly liunctxte, a1iii::st rugose; dorsal a r e a of p o p o d e u i ~ i ~lcai,ly ns hroiic! 2s metanotuil: with coarse ii,regulnr striae, lateral faces r a ther smooth, with a few obscure punctures posterior face soniev~hatshining, ~ i t fen: ~ ~ i i ! : ~ t~+>, ~ S ~ L jI ~I T~ i ~ > c t ~ i:11)(1(>1~;1in>il rc~s: te~,ga smooth Lut tluli, basal segment with hardly visib!e ~>utlctui.e:-, :Inti, :Ii.cl anti 4lh xvith miv:lte anti close punctures o v ~ , r n ~ o s tof disc :ipic:~ii n a r ~ i n ;o f tlie stynients soli~c\~.hat dcii1.esset1, ytllonrish-hyaiinc wit11 bl,oacI, tlen.;~, :*lid entire, white, apical fascia?, the tiiscs with very fine azid obscure, subaplwessed pile, basal segment with no re copious erect pl~bescc~ncc :-cl.c,s< ! , ; i - r , , - , : : 1:, ~ l i : t l ,h I I ~ ~ I ; ;1t.ngtli o l face abuut quai t o tiistance betweell eyes above; eyes slightly convergent below; m a l a r space nearly half a s long a s xvidt11 of lnantlibles a t base: antennae blacli abovc, deep brownish Leneatl?, in.~iiiari: s i y i ~ ~ c n:.oii~e:vhat ti longer than broad; clypeus shinilig beneath lreard, punctures fine and close but distinct above, l~ecomingsparse toward apical niargiri antl laterally; fac- bcI-,\\- cbi:c~ili i,illilcl duli punctures quite deep