Physical chemistry research for engineering and applied sciences principles and technological implications

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY RESEARCH FOR ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES VOLUME Principles and Technological Implications Edited by Eli M Pearce, PhD, Bob A Howell, PhD, Richard A Pethrick, PhD, DSc, and Gennady E Zaikov, DSc © 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 Apple Academic Press, Inc 3333 Mistwell Crescent Oakville, ON L6L 0A2 Canada © 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc Exclusive worldwide distribution by CRC Press an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S Government works Version Date: 20150206 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4822-6024-3 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint Except as permitted under U.S Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400 CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com For information about Apple Academic Press product http://www.appleacademicpress.com © 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc ABOUT THE EDITOR Eli M Pearce, PhD Dr Eli M Pearce was the President of the American Chemical Society He served as Dean of the Faculty of Science and Art at Brooklyn Polytechnic University in New York, as well as a Professor of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering He was the Director of the Polymer Research Institute, also in Brooklyn At present, he consults for the Polymer Research Institute As a prolific author and researcher, he edited the Journal of Polymer Science (Chemistry Edition) for 25 years and was an active member of many professional organizations Bob A Howell, PhD Bob A Howell, PhD, is a Professor in the Department of Chemistry at Central Michigan University in Mount Pleasant, Michigan He received his PhD in physical organic chemistry from Ohio University in 1971 His research interests include flame-retardants for polymeric materials, new polymeric fuel-cell membranes, polymerization techniques, thermal methods of analysis, polymer-supported organoplatinum antitumor agents, barrier plastic packaging, bioplastics, and polymers from renewable sources Richard A Pethrick, PhD, DSc Professor R A Pethrick, PhD, DSc, is currently a Research Professor and Professor Emeritus in the Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry at the University of Strathclyde, Glasglow, Scotland He was Burmah Professor in Physical Chemistry and has been a member of the staff there since 1969 He has published over 400 papers and edited and written several books Recently, he has edited several publications concerned with the techniques for the characterization of the molar mass of polymers and also the study of their morphology He currently holds a number of EPSRC grants and is involved with Knowledge Transfer Programmes involving three local companies involved in production of articles made out of polymeric materials His current research involves AWE and has acted as a consultant for BAE Systems in the area of explosives and a company involved in the production of anticorrosive coatings © 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc vi About the Editors Dr Pethrick is on the editorial boards of several polymer and adhesion journals and was on the Royal Society of Chemistry Education Board He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, the Royal Society of Chemistry, and the Institute of Materials, Metal and Mining Previously, he chaired the ‘Review of Science Provision 16-19’ in Scotland and the restructuring of the HND provision in chemistry He was also involved in the creation of the revised regulations for accreditation by the Royal Society of Chemistry of the MSc level qualifications in chemistry For a many years, he was the Deputy Chair of the EPSRC IGDS panel and involved in a number of reviews of the courses developed and offered under this program He has been a member of the review panel for polymer science in Denmark and Sweden and the National Science Foundation in the USA Gennady E Zaikov, DSc Gennady E Zaikov, DSc, is the Head of the Polymer Division at the N M Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, and Professor at Moscow State Academy of Fine Chemical Technology, Russia, as well as Professor at Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan, Russia He is also a prolific author, researcher, and lecturer He has received several awards for his work, including the Russian Federation Scholarship for Outstanding Scientists He has been a member of many professional organizations and on the editorial boards of many international science journals © 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc Physical Chemistry Research for Engineering and Applied Sciences in Volumes Physical Chemistry Research for Engineering and Applied Sciences: Volume 1: Principles and Technological Implications Editors: Eli M Pearce, PhD, Bob A Howell, PhD, Richard A Pethrick, PhD, DSc, and Gennady E Zaikov, DSc Physical Chemistry Research for Engineering and Applied Sciences: Volume 2: Polymeric Materials and Processing Editors: Eli M Pearce, PhD, Bob A Howell, PhD, Richard A Pethrick, DSc, PhD, and Gennady E Zaikov, DSc Physical Chemistry Research for Engineering and Applied Sciences: Volume 3: High Performance Materials and Methods Editors: Eli M Pearce, PhD, Bob A Howell, PhD, Richard A Pethrick, DSc, PhD, and Gennady E Zaikov, DSc © 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc CONTENTS List of Contributors ix List of Abbreviations xiii List of Symbols xv Preface xvii Introduction—Professor Gennady Efremovich Zaikov: Sixty Years in Science xix Eli M Pearce, Bob A Howell, Richard A Pethrick, and A K Haghi Bacterial Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) as a Biodegradable Polymer for Biomedicine A L Iordanskii, G A Bonartseva, T A Makhina, E D Sklyanchuk and G E Zaikov The Effect of Antioxidant Drug Mexidol on Bioenergetics Processes and Nitric Oxide Formation in the Animal Tissues 45 Z V Kuropteva, O L Belaya, L M Baider, and T N Bogatyrenko Calcium Soap Lubricants 57 Alaz Izer, Tugce Nefise Kahyaoglu, and Devrim Balkose Radical Scavenging Capacity of N-(2-mercapto-2-methylpropionyl)-lcysteine—Design and Synthesis of Its Derivative with Enhanced Potential to Scavenge Hypochlorite 71 Maria Banasova, Lukas kerner, Ivo Juranek, Martin Putala, Katarina Valachova, and Ladislav Soltes Magnetic Properties of Organic Paramagnets 93 M D Goldfein, E G Rozantsev, and N V Kozhevnikov Photoelectrochemical Properties of the Films of Extra Coordinated Tetrapyrrole Compounds and Their Relationship with the Quantum Chemical Parameters of the Molecules 125 V A IIatovsky, G V Sinko, G A Ptitsyn, and G G Komissarov Bio-Structural Energy Criteria of Functional States in Normal and Pathological Conditions 157 G A Korblev and G E Zaikov © 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc x Contents The Temporal Dependence of Adhesion Joining Strength: The Diffusive Model 175 Kh Sh Yakh’Yaeva, G V Kozlov, G M Magomedov, R A.Pethrick, and G E Zaikov Ways of Regulation of Release of Medicinal Substances from the Chitosan Films 185 E I Kulish, A S Shurshina, and Eli M Pearce 10 A Research Note on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Chitosan in Acetic Acid Solution in the Presence of Amikacin Sulfate 197 E I Kulish, I F Tuktarov, V V Chernova, M I Artsis, and R A Pethrick 11 The Structure of the Interfacial Layer and Ozone Protective Action of Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Elastomers in Covulcanizates with Butadiene-Nitrile Rubbers 205 N M Livanova, A A Popov, V A Shershnev, M I Artsis, and G E Zaikov 12 A Research Note on Influence of Polysulfonamide Membranes on the Productivity of Ultrafiltration Processes 225 E M Kuvardina, F F Niyazi, B A Howell, G E Zaikov, and N V Kuvardin 13 A Research Note on Environmental Durability of Powder Poyester Paint Coatings 233 T N Kukhta, N R Prokopchuk, and B A Howell 14 A Research Note on Elastomeric Compositions Based on Butadiene Nitrile Rubber Containing Polytetrafluorethylene Pyrolysis Products 247 N R Prokopchuk, V D Polonik, Zh S Shashok, and E M Pearce 15 Spectral Fluorescent Study of the Complexation with Anionic Polyelectroltes on Cis-Trans Equilibrium of Oxacarbocyanine 257 P G Pronkin and A S Tatikolov 16 Ozone Decomposition 273 T Batakliev, V Georgiev, M Anachkov, S Rakovsky, and G E Zaikov 17 A Technical Note Designing, Analysis and Industrial Use of the Dynamic Spray Scrubber 305 R R Usmanova, M I Artsis, and G E Zaikov 18 Engineered Nanoporous Materials: A Comprehensive Review 317 Arezoo Afzali and Shima 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variations of average o-Ps lifetime in porous media Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 2000, 58(5), 719–722 © 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc INDEX A A fecalis, 9, 14 Abscess formation, 20 Absorption excitation spectra, 267, 268 Absorption spectra measurement, 260 Shimadzu UV-3101 PC spectrophotometer, 260 SF-2000 Spectrophotometer, 260 ABTS assay, 81 Acetonitrile, 260–264 Acrylonitrile units, 209, 215, 217 BNKS-18 to BNKS-28, 217 Activation energy of thermal-oxidative degradation, 234, 243, 245 Aerodynamic system, 307 Alkylation reaction, 84 Alpha Technologies, 236, 249 Alumina-palladium catalysts, 288 Alumina-platinum catalysts, 288 Alumino phosphates, 334 Amikacin chloride, 187 Amikacin sulfate, 186, 187, 198, 203 Analgesics, 27 tramadol, 27 Analytical purity grade, 85 Ancestor, 167 Anionic polymers, 258, 268, 270 Annihilation, 347, 348, 350 Anomalous diffusion, 176 Antibiotic amikacin sulfate, 198, 203 Antibiotics, 27, 186–190, 195 amino glycoside, 186 cephalosporin series, 186, 189, 190 Antibiotics/antibacterial drugs, 27 anticancer drugs, 27 cefoperazone/gentamicin, 27 chlorambucil/etoposide, 27 © 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc 2,’3’-diacyl-5-fluoro-2’-deoxyuridine, 27 fusidic acid, 27 nitrofural, 27 paclitaxel, 27 rifampicin, 27 rubomycin, 27 sulbactam/cefoperazone, 27 sulperazone/duocid, 27 tetracycline, 27 Antiferromagnetic interactions, 95, 102, 104, 109, 113 antiparallel spin orientation, 95 Antiferromagnetic type, 96–111 Antiinflammatory drug, 27, 29 flurbiprofen, 27 ibuprofen, 27 indomethacin, 27 Antioxidant drugs, 51 Antioxidant pills, 46 Antioxidant system, 46 Antioxidant-response element, 75 Aqueous solutions, 58–60, 69, 284, 289 Atmospheric ozone, 274, 275, 280, 282 Autohesional bonding, 177 Avogadro’s number, 95, 199 B Backbone bond, 178 Bacteria, 12 Alcaligenes fecalis, 9, 14 Azospirillum, 12 Bacillus, 12 Mycobacterium, 12 Pseudomonas, 12 Pseudomonas fluorescens, 14 Pseudomonas stutzeri, 14 Streptomyces, 12 358 Physical Chemistry Research for Engineering and Applied Sciences Volume Bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), characteristics, polymer porosity, surface structure, geometry investigations, cylinders, films and plates thickness, micro/nano-spheres, monofilament threads, see, biodegradable polymer Ballester’s perchloro-triphenylmethyl radicals, 100 Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method, 337, 340 Base oil, 59 Bidendate association, 62, 63 Biocompatibility, Biodegradability, 12, 13 Biodegradable polymers, 2, 3, 27 poly β-maleic acid, poly ε-caprolactone, poly(orthoesters), poly(propylene fumarate), polyalkylcyanoacrylates, polyorthoanhydrides, polyphosphazenes, polysaccharides, 2, 73, 74 agarose, alginates, chitosan, chondroitin sulfate, dextrane, hyaluronic acid, starch, proteins, albumin, collagen, fibrin, gelatin, silk fibroin, Biodegradation, Biomedical applications, 2, Bioprogress, 186, 198 Biostructural Spatial-Energy Parameters, 173 Blending method, 24 © 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc Bohr’s magneton, 95 Boltzmann’s constant, 95 Bone fixation, 20 Bonner–Fisher type, 113 Boyle’s law, 322 Brain mitochondria, 49 Broekh off, 340 Broido computational method, 236 Brookfield Engineering Labs, Inc USA, 87 Brunauer, Emmet, and Teller (BET) method, 236, 341 Buchachenko model, 96 ‘to turn-on’, 96 ‘turn-out’, 96 Burst effect, 28 Butadiene units, 216 Butadiene-nitrile rubber, 248 Butadiene–acrylonitrile rubbers (BNRs), 206 Butadiene–nitrile rubbers, 205, 206, 254 Butadiyn-bis-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-oxyl4-oxi-4-piperidyl, 115 C Calcium chloride, 57–60, 69 Calcium salts, 58 Calcium soap lubricants, 57 Calcium stearate, 57 Camedia master olympus digital camera, 60 Carbamazepine ozonation, 293 Carboxylate groups, 63 Carboxymethyl cellulase system, 202 Cardiac therapy, 51 nitroglycerin-based drugs, 51 Cardiovascular stents, 20 Cartilage, 20, 24 Carver laboratory press, 176 Catalytic activity of metals, 283 Catalytic ozone decomposition, 274, 275 Cell damage, 18 Cell death, 18 Cellulose acetate, 226 Centrifugal force, 311 Index 359 Cephazolin sodium salt, 186 Cephotoxim sodium salt, 186 Chemoembolization agent, 31 Chitosan, 2, 186–191, 193, 198–203 films, 186 Chitosan acetate, 186 Chitosan solution, 201 Chloroform, 262, 263 Chondroitin sulfate, 73 Chord-length distribution, 346 Cis-trans isomer equilibrium, 258, 268, 270 Clementi’s wave function, 162 Coagulation system, 25 Coating deformation-durability properties, 245 Coaxial pipes, 280 Cohan’ s theory, 340 Collagen II filaments, 24, 25 Colloidal platinum, 283 Compatibility phase, 206, 210–220 Construction of new generation macromolecular structures program, 31 CONTIN software, 348 Coronary heart disease, 46 Covalent Organic Frameworks, 327 Curie–Weiss law, 95, 98 perchloro-triphenylmethyls, 100 Curie’s constant, 94 Curie’s expression, 94 Curie’s law, 95, 102, 105 Cyanine dyes, 258–260, 268, 270 D D-glucuronic acid, 72 D(-)-3-hydroxybutyric acid, 26 Dacron patch, 22 Danger of ozone explosion, 275 thermodynamic instability, 275 De Boer, 340 Degradation mechanism, 29 Density functional theory, 341 Derjaguin-Broekhoff-de Boer theory, 341 Dermatan sulfate, 73 © 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc Differential Scanning Calorimetry, 338 Differential Thermal Analysis, 338 Diffusion mechanism, 29 Digestive juices, 11 pancreatin, 11 Diphthalocyanines, 126, 153 Dipyridamole profile, 29, 30 Dipyridamole/antiinflammatory drug, 29 Dirty systems, 115 Diseases, 31 arthritis, 31 cancer, 31 cardio-vascular diseases, 31 osteomyelitis, 31 tuberculosis, 31 DNA, poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate), 258 Double salts, 189 ChT-AM sulfate, 189 ChT-GM sulfate, 189 Dow Chemical, 176 DPPH assay, 72, 80, 81, 87 Dubinin-Astakhov equation, 341 Dubinin-Radushkevich equation, 341 Dubinin-Stoeckli equation, 341 DUCOM Corporation, 60 Durability factor, 234, 235, 237–241, 243–245 E E coli, 26 Eastern Europe duration, 244 Elastokam-6305, 208, 211, 213, 220, 221 Elastokam-7505, 208, 212, 213, 219–221 Electrical discharges forms, 279 arc, 279 barrier, 279 crown, 279 silent, 279 smoldering, 279 Electron microscopy, 343 Electron paramagnetic resonance, 46, 47 Electronegativity, 162 360 Physical Chemistry Research for Engineering and Applied Sciences Volume Electronic–nuclear interaction, 120 Electrospinning method, 24 Electrostatic force, 333 Emulsification/solvent evaporation, 28 Endo-type cleavage, 14 attack, 14 Endothelial cells, 54 Endothelium cells, 24 English chemist Chapman, 281 Enzymatic hydrolysis process, 189 Enzymatic hydrolysis, 200, 201 Epidural analgesia, 31 Epidural analgesic effects, 31 EPR spectrum, 53 Erythrocyte plasma membrane, 26 Ethylene diammine, 58 Ethylene–propylene–diene (EPDM) elastomers, 206, 208 EPDM network, 206, 208, 214, 216–221 Ethylidene norbornene, 207 Euclidean space, 177 Eukaryotic organisms, 26 Eutectic temperature, 163 Exo-type cleavage, 14 Extracoordinated Tetrapyrrole Compounds (ETPC), 126, 128–130, 145, 146, 153 Extractable plasticizer, 252 Extrinsic intraparticle pore, 331 F Face-centered cubic, 325 Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 248 Ferromagnetic interaction, 96 Feutron climatic chamber, 235 Fibroblasts, 18 Fibrous capsule, 17 Fila podia, 25 First-order kinetics, Flexible interparticle pore, 331 Flory-Rener equation, 250 Fluid-wall interactions, 341 © 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc Fluorescence excitation spectra, 267, 268 Fluorescence quantum yield, 270 Fluorescence, 263 fluorescence growth, 265 Fluorescent properties, 265 Foreign-body reaction, 18 Forum, 248, 249, 251 Four ball tester, 60 three fixed balls, 60 tribological behavior of lubricants, 60 Free flooded streams, 308 Free-radical signal, 52 Fremy’s diamagnetic salt, 119 Friction coefficient, 68 FTIR spectroscopy, 60, 63 Fungus, 12 Aspergillus, 12 Aureobasidium, 12 Chaetomium, 12 Paecilomyces, 12 Penicillum, 12 Trichoderma, 12 G G-factors, 49 Galvinoxyl formula, 97 Gas adsorption isotherms, 336, 337 Gas-cleaning installation buildings, 306, 307 Gaseous ozone, 276 Gaussian-03 program, 130 Gentamicin sulfate, 186, 189 Geotrilium candidum, 202 Glycolic acid, Glycoproteins, 73 Glycosaminoglycan, 24, 73 Glycosaminoglycans roles, 74 bacterial/viral infections, 74 cell growth, 74 cell migration, 74 differentiation, 74 morphogenesis, 74 Glycosaminoglycans types, 74 Chondroitin sulfate, 74 Index 361 Dermatan sulfate, 74 Heparan sulfate, 74 Hyaluronan, 74 Keratan sulfate, 74 Gradient-free reactor, 287, 288 Grand canonical Monte Carlo, 341 Graphite, 296, 332, 233 Greenhouse effect, 282 Gurvich approach, 340 Gyration radius, 177 H Half-life of Ozone, 276 Hamiltonian, 95, 96 Hartley absorption band, 281 Heart mitochondria, 46 Heart valves, 73 Heisenberg’s linear model, 99 Heisenberg’s exchange, 96 Heisenberg’s one-dimensional model, 102, 113 Heitler–London, 95 Hemoglobin molecule, 53 Hemoglobin oxygenation, 46 Hemoglobin α-chain, 53 Hemoreological process, 251 Heparan sulfate, 73 Heparin sulfate proteoglycan, 22 Hepatocyte mitochondria membrane, 26 Hepatocytes, 54 Hexaftoracetylacetonate ion, 111 Hexagonal close-packed, 325 High-molar-mass hyaluronan, 72 HOMO state, 132, 138–144 Homogeneous decomposition, 287 Hopkalite, 288 Human endothelial cells, 23 Human epithelial cells, 23 Human fibroblasts, 23 Human mesenchymal stem cells, 23 Human osteogenic sarcoma cells, 23 Human serum albumin, 75 Hydrazidyl radicals, 98 Hydrazyl radicals, 98 Hydrolytic degradation, © 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc Hydrolytic depolymerization, Hydroxyl radicals, 293 Hypertension, 46 I Incubation, 6, 12, 14, 47–52 monofilament threads, Indomethacin, 27–29 Inducible NO-synthase, 54 Inertia mist eliminator, 314 Inflammation diseases, 74 Instec, 60 Interference minimum, 165, 166 Interleukin-1β, 23 Interleukin-6, 23 Interphase layers, 206 Interradical interactions classification types, 95 dipole–dipole ones, 95 exchange ones, 95 Intraperitoneal injection, 31 Intrinsic intraparticle pore, 331 IR spectroscopy, 294 Iron–sulfur centers, 46, 47 Iron–sulfur tetra-nuclear clusters, 49 Ischemic heart disease, 46 Isomeric composition, 207, 213 Isomorphism, 163 Isopropanol, 285 Isotacticity, 207, 208, 210, 211–214, 217, 219–221 Ito cells, 54 IUPA Cor de Boer, 339 J Jellylike/watery “ground substance”, 73 K Kelvin equation, 335, 340 Kelvin-Cohan approach, 340 Kinetic energy, 67 crevices and holes, 67 steel surface, 67 KJS approach, 340 Krebs cycle, 46, 53 362 Physical Chemistry Research for Engineering and Applied Sciences Volume M hypoxia, 46 Krypton, 294, 339 Kupffer’s cells, 54 L Lactic acid, 2, 4, 20 Lagrangian equation, 158 Lamellar micelles, 57 Laser cutting method, 24 Layer-by-layer self-assembly, 28 Lifecore Biomedical Inc., USA, 85 Light Neutral Base oil, 57, 69 Lineweaver-Burk method, 201 Lipase, 12 Lipid peroxidation, 46 Load–strain curve, 229 Lubricant preparation, 60 CaSt2, 60 heater, 60 magnetic stirrer, 60 spindle oil, 60 thermocouple, 60 Lubricant, 58 automobile industry, 58 bearings, 58 cables, 58 chains, 58 dies, 58 gears, 58 pumps, 58 rails, 58 spindles, 58 cool machinery temperature, 57 friction, 57 protective film, 57 protects against corrosion, 57 reduce electric currents, 57 Lubricating oils consist of, anticorrosive additives, 58 antioxidants additives, 58 liquid paraffinic, 58 surface-active agents, 58 vegetable oil, 58 LUMO state, 132, 138–144 Lymphocytes, 20 © 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc Macroporous materials, 324, 325, 327, 349 Magnetic force, 333 Magnetic susceptibility, 94, 95, 97–99, 102–116 Manganese oxide, 274, 285, 288, 290, 291, 294, 298 Mark-Houwink-Kuhn equation, 200, 201 MAV PUPE, 244 McConnell’s model, 96 trichloro-triphenylmethyl series, 100 Mercury intrusion, 338 Mercury porosimetry, 342 Mercury porosimetry, 348 Mesoporous materials, 326 Metal organic frameworks, 327 Methylene scissoring bands, 62 Mexidol and Mexicor (Russia), 46 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydropyridine succinate, 46 Michaelis–Menten scheme, 201, 202 Microbial attack, 13 Microgen, 198 Microporous materials, 326 Microporous organic polymers, 327 Microspheres fusion method, 24 Mikrochem (Slovakia), 86 Molecular statistical theory, 335 Monoclinic crystals, 107 Monte Carlo simulations, 341 Multicomponent solution, 226, 227 Mutual solubility, 163 Myocardial infarction, 46 N N-(2-mercapto-2-methylpropionyl)-Lcysteine, 72 N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, 72 NAD-dependent oxidases, 53 NADH–dehydrogenase complex, 49 Nanoporous materials, 328 applications, 328 isolating, 328 Index 363 releasing, 328 sensing, 328 sorting, 328 templating, 328 biomineralization, 329 pores, 328 conical, 328 cylindrical, 328 irregular in shape, 328 slit-like, 328 Nanoporous polymers, 328 Nanoporous solids, 318 Naproxen ozonation, 293 Natural ecosystems, 12 bodies of water, 12 compost, 12 soil,12 Neointima regeneration, 21 Neomedia regeneration, 21 Nerve regeneration process, 22 Neutronography, 109 Neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocyte respiratory burst, 75 Nickel oxide, 283, 285 NIIKHIMFOTOPROEKT Research Center, 260 Nitrated polypropylene, 58 Nitric oxide, 18 Nitrobenzene, 285 Nitrogen adsorption isotherms see, NOVA 2200 instrument Nitrogen–oxygen bond, 100 Nitroglycerin, 46, 51 Nitrosyl complexes, 52 NMR cryoporometry, 337 Nonenzymatic hydrolysis, 4–7, 15 Nonlocal density functional theory, 341 NOVA 2200 instrument, 236 Nuclear precession magnetometers, 94 astronautics, 94 geophysics, 94 O Oil phase, 64 Olympus, 60 © 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc Opet Fuchs Turkey, 69 see, four ball tests Optical microscopy, 60 Oxacarbocyanine dyes, 258–270 Oxidized paraffin, 58 Oximetry, 72, 81, 87 see, Weissberger biogenic oxidative system Oxygen, 77 aerobic organisms, 77 indispensable element, 77 Ozonators, 279 Siemens, 279 Ozone decomposition, 274 toxic substance, 274 Ozone holes, 274 Ozone layer, 274 human environments, 274 aircraft cabins, 274 laser printers, 274 offices with photocopiers, 274 sterilizers, 274 Ozone synthesis and analysis, 277 Ozone-helium mixtures, 287 Ozone-induced degradation, 206, 214 Ozone-protective action, 209 P Paclitaxel release profile, 29, 30 Paint coatings, 235 epoxy, 235 hybrid, 235 Paintwork materials, 234 Paramagnetic, 46, 47, 94, 98, 106–110, 115–119 Pellicles semi permeable membranes, 226 Percus-Yevick approach, 346 Perkin Elmer UV, 60 Permeability, 325 Peroximon F-40, 208 Phagocytosis, 18 Pharmacological activity, 27 PHB biodegradation, 15 cardiovascular stents, 15 364 Physical Chemistry Research for Engineering and Applied Sciences Volume cylinders as nerve guidance channels and conduits, 15 electro spun microfiber mats, 15 microspheres, 15 monofilament sutures, 15 nonwoven patches consisted of fibers, 15 porous patches, 15 porous scaffolds, 15 screws, 15 solid films and plates, 15 PHB degradation process, 11 blood, 11 serum, 11 PHB depolymerase, 10 PHB homopolymer, 28 2,’3’-diacyl-5-fluoro-2’-deoxyuridine, 28 dipyridamole, 28 7-hydroxethyltheophylline, 28 indomethacin, 28 methyl red, 28 paclitaxel, 28 rifampicin, 28 tramadol, 28 PHB in-vitro, PHB microspheres, 11 PHB microspheres, 17 PHB nonwoven patches, 17 PHB performance, animal tissues, environment, PHB pericardial patch, 22 Photochemical theory, 281 Pigment film, 130 intermolecular interactions, 130 Polar solvents, 262 acetonitrile, 262 isopropanol, 262 Poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC), 206 Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), 2–32 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid, 26 Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate), 268 Polyamides, 226 Polydisperse spheres, 321 Polyelectrolytic complex, 192 © 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc Polyester chains, Polyester class powder paints, 245 Polyglicolic acid, 20 Polyglycolides, Polylactic acid, 4, 20 PLA film, Polylactides, Polymer matrix, Polymer properties, 24 chemical composition, 24 hydrophobicity, 24 surface chemistry, surface energy, 24 surface morphology, 24 Polymer solutions, 226 Polymer surface modification method, 24 Polymeric medicine, 195 Polymeric membranes, 226 Polymethine chain, 260 Polynucleated macrophages/giant cells, 18 lysosomal activity, 18 phagocytic activity, 18 Polysaccharide, 198 Polystyrene, 176 Polysulfonamide, 227 Polytetrafluorethylene pyrolysis products, 248 Pore shapes, 335 cone shape, 335 cylinder, 335 ink bottle, 335 slit-shape, 335 Pore size distribution, 323, 340 Pores classification, 331 intraparticle pore Extrinsic intraparticle pore, 331 Intrinsic intraparticle pore, 331 interparticle pore, 331 Flexible interparticle pore 331 Rigid interparticle pore, 331 pore width, 331 Supermicropore, 331 Ultramicropore, 331 accessibility, 331 Index 365 closed pore, 331 latent pore, 331 open pore, 331 Porosity measurement, 350 Porosity, 320 natural soils, 320 cementing material, 320 packing density, 320 Porous materials, 323 macroporous, 323 mesoporous, 323 microporous, 323 Porous structure, Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, 347 Powder polyester paint, 234 Precipitation process, 59 drying, 59 filtering, 59 washing, 59 Primide, 235, 238 Prostacycline production level, 23 PTFE Pyrolysis, 250 Pycnometer, 322 Pyridine rings, 112 Q Quantitative evaluation, 234 Quenching, 278 Quercetin, 81 R Rabbit articular cartilage chondrocytes, 24 Rabbit bone marrow cells, 23 osteoblasts, 23 Rabbit smooth muscle cells, 24 Rat tissues, 18 kidney esterases, 18 liver serine esterases, 18 Reactive nitrogen species, 77 Reactive oxygen species, 77 Rectangular hyperbola, 201 Republic of Belarus, 245 Reservoir-spindle couple, 87 © 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc Residual oxygen cycle, 281 Rheumatoid arthritis, 74 Rigid interparticle pore, 331 Rotational viscometry, 86 Royalen brand, 207 Rubber, 206–209, 214 Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Russian Foundation for Basic Research, 31, 271 S Saharan dust surfaces, 297 Saito-Foley method, 341 Saline, 48 Salt leaching method, 24 Sand-fill methods, 322 Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Japan, 88 Scanning electron microscopy, 60, 343 Philips XL30 SFEG, 60 Scavenging activity, 72 Schwann cells, 22 SEM micrograph, 62 Semipenetrable membrane, 194 Silicon-organic polyradicals, 106 Silver-manganese oxide, 288 Skeletal bond, 178 Skin, 73 Slavus Ltd., Slovakia, 86 Small Angle Neutron Scattering, 336 Small-angle scattering, 345 X-ray, 334 Smoke fumes, 306 Sodium dodecylsulfate, 187, 192 Sodium stearate, 57 Soil microorganisms, 12 Solvent evaporation method, 29 emulsifier concentration, 29 initial drug concentration, 29 polymer/solvent ratio, 29 stirring rate, 29 Sorensen buffer, 11 Sorption isotherm, 339 Spatial-energy parameter, 158 Spectrometer, 187 366 Physical Chemistry Research for Engineering and Applied Sciences Volume Shimadzu, 187 Specord M-80, 187 Spectrophotometer, 187 Specord M-40, 187 Specula formation 228 Spin-lattice relaxation, 117 Spin-spin interaction, 97, 105 Spindle Oil, 59 TUPRAS Izmir, 59 Spray drying, 28 Stability of the lubricant suspensions, 64 see, oil phasesee, suspension phase Stationary and pathological states, 166, 174, 158, 325 Stereo regularity, 206, 207, 213, 221, 222 Stokes shift, 262 Stratospheric ozone layer, 280, 281 Stress relaxation, 208 Sugar beets, 228 Sulfenamide, 208 Supermicropore, 331 Surface degradation, Surface-active agent Span-60, 59 Suspension phase, 64 Synovial joints, 73 T Taurine-N-monochloramine, 75 TEMPAD crystals, 109 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxo piperidyl1-oxyl azine, 109 Temperature-scanning rate, 338 TEMPOL crystal, 101, 102 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidino-1-oxyl, 101 TEMPOP crystals, 109 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxypiperidyl1-oxyl phosphite, 109 Tetrahydrobiopterin, 54 The closed cycle, 309, 314 The dynamic spray scrubber, 311, 313 The gravity center, 261 The Institute of Chemistry, 248 The Refire kiln, 306 © 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc The state of polymer matrix, 185, 187, 190–192 Therapeutic effect, 46 Thermal Aging, 251 Thermal-oxidative degradation, 245 Thermalized positrons, 348 Thin-layer chromatography, 88 Thiols, 89 Tissue necrosis, 20 Toxic products, Trachea, 73 Tramadol, 31 Transmission electron microscopy, 343 Transport characteristics, Traparticle pores, 332 Tricarboxylic acids, 46 Triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC), 235 Triplet magnetic exciton, 105 Tumor necrosis factor-α, 18, 23 U Ultramicropore, 331 Ultraviolet, 280 Unidendate association, 62 Union of Pure and Applied Chemists, 318 Urea, 58 UV-radiation, 240 V Vander Waals force, 332, 333 Vascular endothelial growth factor, 75 Vasodilator and antithrombotic drug, 29 Vasodilator/antithrombotic drugs, 27 dipyridamole, 27 felodipine, 27 nimodipine, 27 nitric oxide donor, 27 Vitreous humor, 73 Volatile organic compounds, 285 Vulcanization, 251 see, hemoreological process W Wash burn equation, 349 Index 367 Water Purification Systems GmbH, Germany Water recycling system, 315 Water system circulation, 310 Water treatment, 282 Wear scar diameter, 68 Weight loss, 6–8, 11, 15, 16, 28, 30 Weissberger biogenic oxidative system, 72, 76 Wet apparatuses, 309 Wide-angle scattering, 344 Worm-holes, 322 © 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc X X-rays, 285, 290, 291, 294, 298, 343–345 elastic scattering, 344 Y Young’s modulus, 9, 12 Z Zappa’s method, 208 Zeolites, 327, 332, 334, 341, 344, 348 ... amount of new research and applications on physical chemistry for engineering and applied sciences Physical chemistry for engineering and applied sciences shows how materials can behave and how chemical... rigorous view and a more practical, understandable view of chemistry and biochemical physics Physical chemistry for engineering and applied sciences is geared toward readers with both direct and lateral... Inc 20 Physical Chemistry Research for Engineering and Applied Sciences Volume degradable screws and plates for cartilage and bone fixation [6, 24, 31, 62], biodegradable membranes for periodontal