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CẤU TRÚC, CÁCH DÙNG CỦA THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN Định nghĩa đơn Thì đơn (Present simple) : Là tiếng Anh đại, nhằm để diễn tả hành động chung chung, tổng quát lặp lặp lại nhiều lần thật hiển nhiên hành động diễn thời gian Cách sử dụng đơn Cách dùng đơn Ví dụ đơn I usually go to bed at 11 p.m (Tôi thường ngủ vào lúc 11 giờ) Diễn đạt thói quen hành động lặp lặp lại We go to work every day (Tôi làm ngày) My mother always gets up early (Mẹ luôn thức dậy sớm.) Chân lý, thật hiển nhiên Sự việc xảy tương lai Cách thường áp dụng để nói thời gian biểu, chương trình kế hoạch cố định theo thời gian biểu The sun rises in the East and sets in the West (Mặt trời mọc phía đơng lặn phía Tây) The earth moves around the Sun (Trái đất quay quanh mặt trời) The plane takes off at p.m this afternoon (Chiếc máy bay hạ cánh lúc chiều nay) The train leaves at am tomorrow (Tàu khởi hành lúc sáng mai.) Cấu trúc đơn dùng động từ “tobe” Thể Cấu trúc Khẳng định S (Chủ ngữ ) +am / is/ are + I am (I’m) He/ she / It/ Chủ ngữ số + is You/ We/ They / Chủ ngữ số nhiều + are Phủ định S + am / is/ are + not + Nghi vấn Am/ Is/ Are + S + ? EX : Thể khẳng định : He is an engineer Thể phủ định : He is not an engineer Thể nghi vấn: ( câu hỏi) Is he an engineer ? *Ngồi số cấu trúc quan trọng khác động từ tobe đơn sau : - Wh-words (từ để hỏi )+ tobe (am/is/ are ) + S ? EX : Who is she ? What is your name ? - Đại từ định + tobe (am/ is/ are ) + This/ That/ There/ Here + is These/ Those/ Here/ There + are EX : This is my book Those are pencil sharpeners There are four people in my family Here is my pen Cấu trúc đơn dùng động từ thường Lưu ý Cách thêm s/es: – Thêm s vào đằng sau hầu hết động từ: want-wants; workworks;… – Thêm es vào động từ kết thúc ch, sh, x, s: watchwatches; miss-misses; wash-washes; fix-fixes;… – Bỏ y thêm ies vào sau động từ kết thúc phụ âm + y: study-studies;… – Động từ bất quy tắc: Go-goes; do-does; have-has Dấu hiệu nhận biết đơn - Always (luôn luôn) , usually (thường xuyên), often (thường xuyên), frequently (thường xuyên) , sometimes (thỉnh thoảng), seldom (hiếm khi), regularly (thường xuyên) - Rarely (hiếm khi), hardly (hiếm khi) , never (khơng bao giờ), generally (nhìn chung) - Every day, every week, every month, every year,…… (Mỗi ngày, tuần, tháng, năm) - Once/ twice/ three times/ four times… a day/ week/ month/ year,…… (một lần / hai lần/ ba lần/ bốn lần …… ngày/ tuần/ tháng/ năm) BÀI TẬP THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN: Bài 1: Điền trợ động từ dạng phủ định I ……… like tea He ……… play football in the afternoon You ……… go to bed at midnight They……….do the homework on weekends The bus ……….arrive at 8.30 a.m My brother ……….finish work at p.m Our friends ……… live in a big house The cat ……… like me Bài 2: Chọn dạng từ The polices catch/ catches robbers My dad is a driver He always wear/ wears a white coat They never drink/ drinks beer Lucy go/ goes window-shopping seven times a month 5 She have/ has a pen Mary and Marcus eat out/ eats out everyday Mark usually watch/ watches TV before going to bed Maria is a teacher She teach/ teaches students Bài 3: Điền dạng từ ngoặc She (not study) ……………………… on Saturday He (have) …………………… a new haircut today I usually (have) ……………… breakfast at 6.30 Peter (not/ study)…………………… very hard He never gets high scores My mother often (teach)……………… me English on Saturday evenings I like Math and she (like)…………… Literature My sister (wash)………… the dishes every day They (not/ have)……………… breakfast every morning Bài 4: Viết lại câu, điền dạng từ ngoặc My brothers (sleep) on the floor (often) => He (stay) up late? (sometimes) => I (do) the housework with my brother (always) => Peter and Mary (come) to class on time (never) => Why Johnson (get) good marks? (always) => You (go) shopping? (usually) => She (cry) (seldom) => My father (have) popcorn (never) => Bài 5: Viết lại thành câu hoàn chỉnh Eg: They/ wear suits to work? => Do they wear suits to work? She/ not/ sleep late on weekends => We/ not/ believe/ ghost => You/ understand the question? => They/ not/ work late on fridays => David/ want some coffee? => She/ have three daughters => When/ she/ go to her chinese class? => Why/ I/ have to clean up? => Bài 6: Hoàn thành đoạn hội thoại sau cách điền dạng từ My cousin, Peter, (have)……… a dog It (be)……… an intelligent pet with a short tail and big black eyes Its name (be)……… Kiki and it (like)……… eating pork However, it (never/ bite) ……… anyone; sometimes it (bark)……… when strange guests visit To be honest, it (be) …… very friendly It (not/ like)……… eating fruits, but it (often/ play)……… with them When the weather (become)……… bad, it (just/ sleep)……… in his cage all day Peter (play) ……… with Kiki every day after school There (be)……… many people on the road, so Peter (not/ let)……… the dog run into the road He (often/ take)……… Kiki to a large field to enjoy the peace there Kiki (sometimes/ be)……… naughty, but Peter loves it very much ĐÁP ÁN BÀI TẬP THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN Bài 1: I don’t like tea He doesn’t play football in the afternoon You don’t go to bed at midnight They don’t the homework on weekends The bus doesn’t arrive at 8.30 a.m My brother doesn’t finish work at p.m Our friends don’t live in a big house The cat doesn’t like me Bài 2: The polices catch/ catches robbers My dad is a driver He always wear/ wears a white coat They never drink/ drinks beer Lucy go/ goes window-shopping seven times a month She have/ has a pen Mary and Marcus eat out/ eats out everyday Mark usually watch/ watches TV before going to bed Maria is a teacher She teach/ teaches students Bài 3: She doesn’t study on Saturday He has a new haircut today I usually have breakfast at 6.30 Peter doesn’t study very hard He never gets high scores My mother often teaches me English on Saturday evenings I like Math and she likes Literature My sister washes the dishes every day They don’t have breakfast every morning Bài 4: => My brothers often sleep on the floor => Does he sometimes stay up late?/ Does he stay up late sometimes? => I always the housework with my brother => Peter and Mary never come to class on time => Why does Johnson always get good marks? => Do you usually go shopping? => She seldom cries => My father never has popcorn Bài 5: She doesn’t sleep late on weekends We don’t believe in ghost Do you understand the question? They don’t work late on Fridays Does David want some coffee? She has three daughters When does she go to her Chinese class? Why I have to clean up? Bài 6: My cousin, Peter, (have) has a dog It (be) is an intelligent pet with a short tail and big black eyes Its name (be) is Kiki and it (like) likes eating pork However, it (never/ bite) never bites anyone; sometimes it (bark) barks when strange guests visit To be honest, it (be) is very friendly It (not/ like) does not like/ doesn’t like eating fruits, but it (often/ play) often plays with them When the weather (become) becomes bad, it (just/ sleep) just sleeps in his cage all day Peter (play) plays with Kiki every day after school There (be) are many people on the road, so Peter (not/ let) does not let/ doesn’t let the dog run into the road He (often/ take) often takes Kiki to a large field to enjoy the peace there Kiki (sometimes/ be) is sometimesnaughty, but Peter loves it very much ... ……………………… on Saturday He (have) …………………… a new haircut today I usually (have) ……………… breakfast at 6. 30 Peter (not/ study)…………………… very hard He never gets high scores My mother often (teach)………………... Why/ I/ have to clean up? => Bài 6: Hoàn thành đoạn hội thoại sau cách điền dạng từ My cousin, Peter, (have)……… a dog It (be)………... students Bài 3: She doesn’t study on Saturday He has a new haircut today I usually have breakfast at 6. 30 Peter doesn’t study very hard He never gets high scores My mother often teaches me English