Speeches In World History Speeches In World History Suzanne M c Intire With additional contributions by William E Burns For Jud AS SPEECHES IN WORLD HISTORY Copyright © 2009 by Suzanne McIntire Foreword and chapter introductions, copyright © 2009 Facts On File All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher For information contact: Facts On File, Inc An imprint of Infobase Publishing 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Speeches in world history / [compiled by] Suzanne McIntire ; with additional contributions by William E Burns p cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN-13: 978-0-8160-7404-4 ISBN-10: 0-8160-7404-6 Speeches, addresses, etc I McIntire, Suzanne, 1951- II Burns, William E., 1959PN6122.S64 2008 808.85—dc22 2008005620 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755 You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com Excerpts included herewith have been reprinted by permission of the copyright holders; the author has made every effort to contact copyright holders The publishers will be glad to rectify, in future editions, any errors or omissions brought to their notice Text design by Erika K Arroyo Cover design by Takeshi Takahashi Printed in the United States of America VB FOF 10 This book is printed on acid-free paper and contains 30 percent postconsumer recycled content Contents AS List of Illustrations xii Foreword by William E Burns xv Acknowledgments .xx How to Use This Book xxi THE ANCIENT WORLD TO 550 .. Introduction to the Ancient World Speeches Dan, Duke of Zhou: The Shao Announcement (ca 1036 ..., China) Jeremiah: “O Earth, Earth, Earth, Hear the Word” (605 ..., Jerusalem) Darius I: “The Rule of One” (522 ..., Persia) 11 Gautama Buddha: Sermon at Benares (ca 521 ..., India) 13 Artemisia: Advice to Xerxes I (480 ..., Greece) 16 Pericles: Funeral Oration (431 ..., Athens) 18 Socrates: The Trial Addresses (399 ..., Athens) 21 Demosthenes: On the Crown (330 ..., Athens) .26 Alexander the Great: “To This Empire There Will Be No Boundaries” (326 ..., India, now Pakistan) 29 Publius Cornelius Scipio: Against Hannibal (218 ..., Italy) 32 Gaius Marius: On Humbleness of Birth (106 ..., Rome) 34 Marcus Tullius Cicero: First Oration against Catiline (63 ..., Rome) 37 Julius Caesar: “The Alternative of Exile” (63 ..., Rome) 40 Cato the Younger: “Foes Are within Our Walls” (63 ..., Rome) 43 Catiline: To His Soldiers (62 ..., Italy) 45 Hortensia: “When Have There Not Been Wars?” (42 ..., Rome) 47 Jesus of Nazareth, The Sermon on the Mount (28–30 .., Israel) 49 Claudius I: “United under Our Name” (48 .., Rome) 53 Caratacus: To Emperor Claudius (51 .., Rome) 55 Boudica, “A Woman’s Resolve” (60 .., Britain) 56 El’azar ben Yair: Speech at Masada (73 .., Judaea, now Israel) .57 Agricola: “Britain Is Explored and Subdued” (84 .., Caledonia, now Scotland) 59 vi Speeches in World History St John Chrysostom: On Sanctuary in the Church (399, Constantinople) 61 St Augustine: Sermon on the Happy Life (413–414, Carthage) 64 Theodora: “Purple Is the Noblest Shroud” (532, Constantinople) 67 The Expanding World (ca 550–1450) Introduction to the Expanding World 71 Speeches 75 Ỉthelberht: Welcome to Augustine (597, Kent) 77 The First Global Age (1450–1750) Introduction to the First Global Age 107 Speeches 111 Lorenzo de’ Medici: On the Pazzi Conspiracy (1478, Italy) 113 Giovanni Pico della Mirandola: “Oration on the Dignity of Man” (1486, Italy) 115 Girolamo Savonarola: “Let Me Be Persecuted” (1497, Italy) 119 António de Montesinos: “Are They Not Men?” (1511, Española) 122 Muhammad: The Farewell Sermon (632, Mt Arafat, near Mecca) 79 Moctezuma: Welcoming Hernán Cortés to Mexico (1519, Tenochtitlán, or City of Mexico) 124 Abu Bakr: Upon Succeeding the Prophet Muhammad (632, Medina, now Saudi Arabia) 81 Martin Luther: “I Stand Here and Can Say No More” (1521, Germany) 127 Emperor Kotoku: On the White Pheasant (650, Japan) 83 Tariq ibn Ziyad: Before the Battle of Guadalete (711, Gibraltar) 85 Musang: Preaching the Dharma (ca 728–762, China) 87 Wulfstan II: Sermon of the Wolf to the English (1014, England) .88 William the Conqueror: Before the Battle of Hastings (1066, England) .90 Pope Urban II: Calling for a Crusade to the Holy Land (1095, France) 92 St Bernard of Clairvaux: Calling for a Second Crusade (1146, France) 95 Hernán Cortés: “These Shabbily Dressed Men” (1524, Mexico) 130 Bartolomé de Las Casas: The Valladolid Debate (1550, Spain) 132 Queen Elizabeth I: “The Heart and Stomach of a King” (1588, England) 135 James I: “Kings Are Justly Called Gods” (1609, London) 137 Powhatan: To Captain John Smith (1609, Virginia) 139 John Winthrop: “We Shall Be as a City upon a Hill” (1630, off the coast of England) .142 Galileo Galilei: Abjuration before the Roman Inquisition (1633, Rome) 144 Moorish Elder of Lisbon: “This City Is Ours” (1147, Portugal) .98 Thomas Rainborow: “All Law Lies in the People” (1647, England) 146 St Francis of Assisi: Sermon to the Birds (1214, Italy) 100 Charles I: From the Scaffold (1649, England) 148 Nichiren: “My Life Is the Lotus Sutra” (1271, Japan) 102 António Vieira: “The Sins of Maranhão” (1653, Brazil) 151 John Ball: “All Men by Nature Were Created Alike” (1381, England) 104 Joseph-Antoine de La Barre: Address to the Five Nations (1684, United States) 154 Contents vii Garangula: “Do Not Choke the Tree of Peace” (1684, United States) 156 Andrew Hamilton: In Defense of Freedom of the Press (1735, New York City) .158 John Wesley: “The New Birth” (1740, Great Britain) 161 The Age of Revolution and Empire (1750–1900) Introduction to the Age of Revolution and Empire 167 Speeches 171 Minavavana: “You Know That His Enemies Are Ours” (1761, United States) 173 William Pitt the Elder: Toward Repealing the Stamp Act (1766, England) 175 William Pitt the Elder: “Justice to America” (1775, England) 178 Edmund Burke: On Conciliation with America (1775, England) 181 Patrick Henry: “Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death” (1775, United States) 185 Samuel Adams: “No Other Alternative Than Independence” (1776, United States) 188 William Pitt the Elder: “You Cannot Conquer America” (1777, England) 191 Benjamin Franklin: To the Constitutional Convention (1787, United States) 193 William Wilberforce: “The Number of Deaths Speaks for Itself” (1789, England) 195 William Pitt the Younger: “An Inexcusable Injustice” (1792, England) 199 Charles James Fox: “The Principle Which Gives Life to Liberty” (1795, England) 207 Napoleon Bonaparte: To His Soldiers on Entering Milan (1796, Italy) 210 George Washington: “Observe Good Faith and Justice to All Nations” (1796, United States) 212 Toussaint Louverture: “A Land of Slavery Purified by Fire” (1802, Haiti) 215 Robert Emmet: “My Country Was My Idol” (1803, Ireland) 217 Red Jacket: “We Never Quarrel about Religion” (1805, United States) 220 Miguel Hidalgo: The Cry of Dolores (1810, Mexico) .223 José María Morelos: “Spirits of Moctezuma . Take Pride” (1813, Mexico) .226 Simón Bolívar: “The Illustrious Name of Liberator” (1814, Venezuela) 228 Daniel Webster: The Bunker Hill Oration (1825, United States) 230 Daniel O’Connell: “Justice for Ireland” (1836, England) 233 Frederick Douglass: Against Slavery (1846, England) 235 Victor Hugo: Against Capital Punishment (1851, France) 239 Louis Kossuth: “Become the Lafayettes of Hungary” (1851, New York City) 241 John Bright: “The Angel of Death” (1855, England) 243 Lucy Stone: “A Disappointed Woman” (1855, United States) 245 Georges-Jacques Danton: “Always to Dare!” (1792, France) 202 David Livingstone: “Commerce and Christianity” (1857, England) 248 Maximilien de Robespierre: “Louis Must Perish because Our Country Must Live” (1792, France) 204 Thomas Henry Huxley: “An Ape for His Grandfather” (1860, England) 251 viii Speeches in World History John Bright: Against American Slavery (1862, England) 252 Roger Casement: On Loyalty to Ireland (1916, England) 301 Abraham Lincoln: The Gettysburg Address (1863, United States) 254 Woodrow Wilson: “The World Must Be Made Safe for Democracy” (1917, United States) 304 John Stuart Mill: On the Right of Women to Vote (1866, England) 256 Susan B Anthony: “Are Women Persons?” (1873, United States) 258 William Gladstone: On Empire (1879, Scotland) 261 Henry Edward Manning: Condemning Anti-Semitism (1882, England) 263 Frederick Engels: Eulogy on Karl Marx (1883, England) 266 José Martí: “Mother America” (1889, New York City) 269 Machemba: “I Am Sultan in My Land” (1890, German East Africa, now Tanzania) 272 Wobogo: “Never Come Back” (1895, Upper Volta, now Burkina Faso) 273 Máximo Gómez: “Respect Our Revolution” (1896, Cuba) 274 Max Simon Nordau: Address to the First Zionist Congress (1897, Switzerland) .275 Émile Zola: “Dreyfus Is Innocent!” (1898, France) 279 Crisis and Achievement (1900–1950) Introduction to Crisis and Achievement .285 Speeches 289 Mohandas K Gandhi: The Pledge to Resistance (1906, South Africa) 291 Charles E Stanton: “Lafayette, We Are Here” (1917, France) .307 Emma Goldman: Trial Address (1917, United States) 308 V I Lenin: “A Workers’ and Peasants’ Revolution” (1917, Russia) .312 Woodrow Wilson: On Behalf of the League of Nations (1919, United States) 314 Marie Curie: On Discovering Radium (1921, United States) 316 Mohandas K Gandhi: “I Want to Avoid Violence” (1922, India) 318 Mustafa Kemal Atatürk: “Women and Men Will Walk Side by Side” (1923, Turkey) .321 Adolf Hitler: “The Drummer of National Germany” (1932, Germany) 323 Stephen S Wise: Madison Square Garden Address (1933, United States) 325 Ernst Toller: “The Arm of Hitler” (1934, Scotland) 328 Haile Selassie I: Address to the League of Nations (1936, Switzerland) 333 Dolores Ibárruri: “Fascism Is Not Invincible” (1937, Spain) 336 Edouard Daladier: “The Slaves of Nazi Masters” (1940, France) 339 Mark Twain: Farewell to England (1907, England) 294 Winston Churchill: “Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat” (1940, England) 341 Emmeline Pankhurst: “This Women’s Civil War” (1913, England) 296 Winston Churchill: “We Shall Fight on the Beaches” (1940, England) 344 Patrick Pearse: “Ireland Unfree Shall Never Be at Peace” (1915, Ireland) .299 Winston Churchill: “This Was Their Finest Hour” (1940, England) 347 Contents ix Charles de Gaulle: “France Is Not Alone!” (1940, England) 349 Nicholas Nyaradi: “I Saw Stalin’s Timetable” (1952, United States) 405 Princess Elizabeth: To the Children of the Commonwealth (1940, England) 351 Jomo Kenyatta: “We Want Self-Government” (1952, Kenya) .408 Franklin D Roosevelt: “Four Essential Human Freedoms” (1941, United States) 353 Clemens August von Galen: Opposing Nazi Euthanasia (1941, Germany) 356 Franklin D Roosevelt: “A Date Which Will Live in Infamy” (1941, United States) 360 Wendell Willkie: “Lidice Lives in This Little Village in Illinois” (1942, United States) 362 Douglas MacArthur: “Today the Guns Are Silent” (1945, Japan) 365 Robert H Jackson: Opening Address at the Nuremberg Trials (1945, Germany) 368 Winston Churchill: Iron Curtain Speech (1946, United States) 372 Bernard Baruch: “A Choice between the Quick and the Dead” (1946, United Nations) 375 George C Marshall: Announcing the Marshall Plan (1947, United States) 378 Jawaharlal Nehru: “A Tryst with Destiny” (1947, India) 381 Jawaharlal Nehru: “A Glory Has Departed” (1948, India) 384 Eleanor Roosevelt: The Struggles for the Rights of Man (1948, France) 387 Harry S Truman: The Four Point Speech (1949, United States) 392 The Contemporary World (1950–the present) Introduction to the Contemporary World 399 Speeches 403 Kwame Nkrumah: The Motion of Destiny (1953, Ghana) 411 Fidel Castro: “History Will Absolve Me” (1953, Cuba) 414 Carlos Peña Romulo: “Changing the Face of the World” (1955, Indonesia) 418 Nikita Khrushchev: The Secret Speech (1956, USSR) 421 Luis Moz Marín: “An America to Serve the World” (1956, United States) 424 Golda Meir: “Peace with Our Arab Neighbors” (1957, United Nations) 428 Richard Nixon: To the Russian People (1959, USSR) 431 Harold Macmillan: “The Wind of Change” (1960, South Africa) 434 Patrice Lumumba: Independence Day Address (1960, Democractic Republic of the Congo) 438 Patrick Duncan: “An Unjust Law Is No True Law” (1960, South Africa) 441 Dwight D Eisenhower: The MilitaryIndustrial Complex (1961, United States) 445 John F Kennedy: Inaugural Address (1961, United States) 448 Gideon Hausner: “Six Million Accusers” (1961, Israel) 451 Adlai Stevenson: Speech at the United Nations (1962, United Nations) 455 Julius Kambarage Nyerere: On Dancing the Gombe Sugu (1962, Tanganyika, now Tanzania) 457 John F Kennedy: American University Address (1963, United States) 460 John F Kennedy: “Ich bin ein Berliner” (1963, West Germany) .464 .. .Speeches In World History Speeches In World History Suzanne M c Intire With additional contributions by William E Burns For Jud AS SPEECHES IN WORLD HISTORY Copyright © 2009 by Suzanne McIntire... photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher For information contact: Facts On File, Inc An imprint of Infobase... more about speaking and also about the human condition Speeches in World History contains more than 200 speeches by people from all walks of life on every continent—from a Chinese ruler (Dan,