ALSO BY EDMUND MORRIS — The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt Dutch: A Memoir of Ronald Reagan Theodore Rex Beethoven: The Universal Composer Copyright © 2010 by Edmund Morris All rights reserved Published in the United States by Random House, an imprint of The Random House Publishing Group, a division of Random House, Inc., New York RANDOM HOUSE and colophon are registered trademarks of Random House, Inc LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Morris, Edmund Colonel Roosevelt / Edmund Morris p cm Continues: Theodore Rex eISBN: 978-0-679-60415-0 Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858–1919 Presidents—United States—Biography United States—Politics and government— 1909–1913 United States—Politics and government—1913–1921 I Morris, Edmund Theodore Rex II Title E757.M8825 2010 973.911092—dc22 [B] 2010005890 www.atrandom.com Frontispiece photograph: Theodore Roosevelt by George Moffett, 1914 v3.1 To Robert Loomis IT HAS BEEN OBSERVED IN ALL AGES, that the advantages of nature or of fortune have contributed very little to the promotion of happiness; and that those whom the splendour of their rank, or the extent of their capacity, have placed upon the summits of human life, have not often given any just occasion to envy in those who look to them from a lower station; whether it be that apparent superiority incites great designs, and great designs are naturally liable to fatal miscarriages; or that the general lot of mankind is misery, and the misfortunes of those, whose eminence drew upon them an universal attention, have been more carefully recorded, because they were more generally observed, and have in reality been only more conspicuous than those of others, not more frequent, or more severe —Samuel Johnson, THE LIVES OF THE POETS (1781) CONTENTS Cover Other Books by This Author Title Page Copyright Dedication Epigraph Author’s Note The Roosevelt Africa Expedition, 1909–1910 PROLOGUE PART ONE 1910–1913 CHAPTER CHAPTER CHAPTER CHAPTER CHAPTER CHAPTER CHAPTER CHAPTER CHAPTER CHAPTER 10 CHAPTER 11 CHAPTER 12 CHAPTER 13 CHAPTER 14 INTERLUDE Loss of Imperial Will The Most Famous Man in the World Honorabilem Theodorum A Native Oyster The New Nationalism Not a Word, Gentlemen Showing the White Feather Hat in the Ring The Tall Timber of Darkening Events Armageddon Onward, Christian Soldiers There Was No Other Place on His Body A Possible Autobiography A Vanished Elder World Germany, October–December, 1913 PART TWO 1914–1919 CHAPTER 15 CHAPTER 16 Expediỗo Cớentớfica Roosevelt-Rondon Alph, the Sacred River CHAPTER 17 CHAPTER 18 CHAPTER 19 CHAPTER 20 CHAPTER 21 CHAPTER 22 CHAPTER 23 CHAPTER 24 CHAPTER 25 CHAPTER 26 CHAPTER 27 CHAPTER 28 EPILOGUE A Wrong Turn Off Appel Quay The Great Accident A Hurricane of Steel Two Melancholy Men Barnes v Roosevelt Waging Peace The Man Against the Sky Shadows of Lofty Words Dust in a Windy Street The House on the Hill The Dead Are Whirling with the Dead Sixty In Memoriam T.R Acknowledgments Archives Select Bibliography Notes Illustration Credits About the Author AUTHOR’S NOTE For compatibility with quotations, and stylistic empathy with the period 1909–1919, most place-names and usages remain unmodernized in this book Hence, British East Africa for what is now Kenya, Christiania for Oslo, Near East for the Middle East, Mesopotamia for Iraq Turkey is synonymous with the Ottoman Empire, and England with the United Kingdom Racial, personal, and sexual attitudes of the time have not been moderated Hence, in the African prologue, such words as savage, boy, and native (the last regarded as respectful now, but tending toward disparagement then) And in the chapters proper, crippled, Miss or Mrs Married or unmarried, women were hardly ever referred to by surname only The word race, when quoted, usually connotes a national rather than ethnic identity Although some “hyphenated” minorities achieved recognition during World War I, the phrase African-American did not challenge Negro as a universal term The world was divided into the Occident and the Orient, and each hemisphere had its Indians God was masculine; countries, ships, and cyclonic disturbances feminine United States and politics were still sometimes employed as plural nouns A few archaic capitalizations, such as Government and Nation, have been dropped Other spellings that have changed only slightly since 1919 are updated without comment: Czar becomes Tsar, Servia, Serbia, and Moslem, Muslim Punctuation marks are altered for clarity only in transcripts of oral remarks fellows and especially Will Taft.…[But] if the League of Nations means that we will have to go to war every time a Jugo Slav wishes to slap a Czecho Slav in the face, then I won’t follow them.” Dr John H Richards interview, ts (HP) 77 Two of his future Abbott, Impressions of TR, 167; Joseph Bucklin Bishop, Notes and Anecdotes of Many Years (New York, 1925), 149–50 78 She was learning QR to ERD, 12 Feb 1918 (ERDP) 79 He did what TR, Letters, 8.1415 See also ibid., 8.1396–1411, and TR, “President Wilson and the Peace Conference,” Roosevelt in the Kansas City Star, 272–77 Biographical Note: TR’s vision of the postwar world included (along with harshly punitive containment of Germany), “a Zionist state around Jerusalem.” But he insisted to an American rabbi that the latter state should have “full religious freedom,” and that American Jews who felt a “kinship” for it, rather than for the United States, should immigrate there and “become emphatically … foreigners.” He also favored an independent Armenia and Ukraine, although he saw the latter joining Russia He doubtfully agreed with James Bryce that there was “just a chance” that Arab lands freed from Ottoman oppression might develop a religious toleration to emulate that of Moorish civilization “in the golden days of Baghdad and Cordova.” Germany’s former colonies in Africa should become protectorates of strong powers experienced in colonial administration (Britain, France, Belgium, and Portugal), rather than the kind of weak neutrals WW preferred, such as Holland and Sweden The United States should remain disinterested in this reapportionment: the prime purpose of its defense and foreign policy must be to maintain a republican independence from Old World empires (TR, Letters, 8.1372–97, 1400.) See also Roosevelt in the Kansas City Star, 241–95 79 Except for TR, Letters, 8.1415; John Milton Cooper, “If TR Had Gone Down with the Titanic: A Look at His Last Decade,” in Naylor et al., TR, 500, 511 80 “Since Quentin’s death” Bishop, TR, 2.468; White, Autobiography, 548–49 According to White, TR’s “rather radical” article draft called for an eight-hour day, old age pensions, and social insurance It does not appear to have survived 81 “I tell you” Stanley Washburn Papers, Library of Congress 82 Roosevelt woke The New York Times, Jan 1919 Reviewing TR’s nal illness, this article refers to him su ering “from [a] pulmonary embolism at the Roosevelt Hospital three weeks ago,” i.e., mid-Dec 1918 Other newspaper reports suggested it occurred around Dec., but all concur that he was “in a critical condition” for some time 83 His temperature shot up Straus, Under Four Administrations, 391 This may have been during “a brief thirty-six hours” attack of “pneumonia” mentioned in Robinson, My Brother TR, 361 84 “Poor dear” The New York Times, Dec 1918 and Jan 1919; EKR to KR, 15 Dec 1918 (KRP) 85 He was buoyed TR, Letters, 8.1416–17 86 He would have to Ibid 87 “I am pretty low” Chanler, Roman Spring, 202 88 He did get better EKR to KR, 24 Dec 1918 (KRP) 89 Corinne came in Robinson, My Brother TR, 362 90 “Well, anyway” Ibid 91 “Don’t that” Dr John H Richards interview, ts (HP) According to the Roosevelt Hospital’s cautious discharge statement, the Colonel was expected to make a full recovery “in the time ordinarily taken for such cases” of in ammatory rheumatism, and should “be able to take up his usual duties in six weeks or two months.” The New York Times, 25 Dec 1918 92 Alice, Ethel, Archie ERD to Richard Derby, 25 Dec 1918 (ERDP); TR to KR, 27 Dec 1918 (TRC) 93 There was a ERD to Richard Derby, 25 Dec 1918 (ERDP); ERD to KR, 25 Dec 1918 (KRP); TR to KR, 27 Dec 1918 (KRP) 94 It had been Ethel’s Wallace, Sagamore Hill, 1.62–63 95 Propped up in 1918 furniture inventory in Wallace, Sagamore Hill, 1.71 and 335 96 Every morning The New York Times, Jan 1919; EKR to KR, ca 30 Dec 1918 (KRP) 97 It may have been ERD to Richard Derby, 31 Dec 1918 (ERDP) See also Kermit Roosevelt, Quentin Roosevelt, 208–9 98 On New Year’s Day Josephine Stricker to AP, Steubenville (Ohio) Herald-Star, Jan 1919; Ferdinand C Iglehart, Theodore Roosevelt: The Man As I Knew Him (New York, 1919), 281 99 “We all of us” Roosevelt in the Kansas City Star, 292–95 Biographical Note: In his nal comment on the world situation, TR observed that the concert of powers envisioned by WW was so vague that Germany, Russia, Turkey, and Mexico might believe they were welcome to join it, on equal terms with the United States, Britain, and France But equality was not a right or a reward Governments responsible for the recent war would have to earn full membership of the League of Nations, in part by paying “the sternest reparation … for such horrors as those committed in Belgium, Northern France, Armenia, and the sinking of the Lusitania.” Weak or neutral nations should not expect to have a “guiding voice” in the League’s strategic decisions That was the prerogative of the strong nations who had fought for peace As perhaps the strongest of the strong in 1919, the United States should henceforth police only its own hemisphere The “civilized” powers of Europe and Asia would have to control their own forces of disorder TR was dent that if WW made these strictures clear at the peace table, Clemenceau and Lloyd George would agree “I believe that such an e ort made moderately and sanely, but sincerely and with utter scorn for words that are not made good by deeds, will be productive of real and lasting international good.” (Ibid.) 100 In a 101 The of the James letter TR to George H Moses, Jan 1919 (TRP) e ort of ERD to Richard Derby, Jan 1919 (ERDP) The following narrative events of 4–6 Jan 1919 is based mainly on primary accounts by EKR and Amos These are: EKR to ERD, 3, 4, Jan 1919 (ERDP); EKR to KR, Jan 1919 and 25 Mar 1923 (KRP); EKR to TR.Jr., 12 Jan 1919 (TRJP); James Amos, “The Beloved Boss,” Collier’s Weekly, Aug 1926; Amos, Theodore Roosevelt: Hero to His Valet (New York, 1927), 154–58 There are two other near-primary accounts: ERD to Richard Derby, Jan 1919 (ERDP), and George Syran to Mr and Mrs Osbourne, 11 Jan 1919, privately owned Minor icts of chronology are resolved in favor of EKR’s recall Individual sources are cited again below only for quotations For Dr Fuller’s report to the press, see The New York Times, Jan 1919 102 Since none of their James Amos, “The Beloved Boss”; Amos, TR: Hero to His Valet Amos had left the Roosevelts amicably in the fall of 1913, after more than ten years in their service He continued, however, to serve them o and on, since TR often hired him as a valet-cum-bodyguard on long railroad trips 103 When Amos arrived Amos, “The Beloved Boss.” 104 two or three letters See, e.g., TR to Edward N Buxton, Jan 1919 [in EKR’s handwriting] (ERDP); Cutright, TR, 265; TR, Letters, 8.1422 105 correcting the typescript Henry J Whigham interviewed by Hermann Hagedorn, 12 Jan 1949 (HH) This may have been the last manuscript TR actually touched After his death a scribbled memo of uncertain date was found on his bedside table: Hays— see him; he must go to Washington for 10 days; see Senate & House; prevent split on domestic policies (Reproduced in Lorant, Life and Times of TR, 624.) By publishing the memo at the end of TR, Letters, 8, the editors infuse it with a valedictory quality it may not deserve It is unlikely TR wrote it any time in 1919, in view of the acute rheumatism that attacked his right hand on New Year’s Day 106 could not help kissing him ERD to Richard Derby, Jan 1919 (ERDP) 107 “As it got dusk” EKR to TR.Jr., 12 Jan 1919 (TRJP) 108 They were still together EKR to KR, Jan 1919 (KRP); ERD to Richard Derby, Jan 1919 (ERDP) 109 Leaving the nurse EKR to KR, 25 Mar 1923 (KRP); ERD to Richard Derby, Jan 1919 (ERDP) The Orientalist William Sturgis Bigelow, a licensed physician, had recommended morphine to EKR after witnessing TR’s agonies with ptomaine poisoning earlier in the year See above, 720 “I want you particularly to tell Dr Bigelow,” she wrote Henry Cabot Lodge, “that I did not forget the talk he and I had about the use of morphine, and after he [TR] had had or sleepless nights in succession, we gave him morphine the night before he died so that he was able to go to sleep and forget his pain.” Murakata, “TR and William Sturgis Bigelow.” 110 Faller assented ERD to Richard Derby, Jan 1919 (ERDP) 111 “James, don’t you” Amos, TR: Hero to His Valet, 156 112 He had to be George Syran to Mr and Mrs Osbourne, 11 Jan 1919, privately owned This letter, written only ve days after TR’s death and re ecting conversations between Syran, Amos, and “downstairs” sta at Sagamore Hill, precon rms almost all the details that Amos published eight years later in TR: Hero to His Valet 113 “James, will you” Amos, TR: Hero to His Valet, 156 114 A small lamp Ibid., 156; EKR to KR, Jan 1919 (KRP) 115 “roughling” The word is so spelled by Syran, quoting Amos later that morning 116 Each time he started Interviewed later that day, Amos said he counted ve seconds between each of TR’s breaths New York Evening Post, Jan 1919 117 At four o’clock Amos, TR: Hero to His Valet, 157; EKR to KR, Jan 1919 (KRP) EPILOGUE: IN MEMORIAM T.R Theodore Roosevelt’s death certificate Copy in TRC two consulting physicians John H Richards and John A Hartwell, of the Roosevelt Hospital in New York They revealed New York Evening Post, Jan., The New York Times, Jan 1919 other observers New York Evening Post, Jan 1919, e.g Altogether, TR had ve narrow escapes from death: his streetcar accident in Sept 1902, the assassination attempt of Oct 1912, the septicemia crises of Apr 1914 and Feb 1918, and his rst embolism attack in Dec 1918 “the cause of death” Speculative report on TR’s nal illness, compiled by Drs Paul and Andrew Marks, 19 Jan 2010 (AC) The authors of this document are, respectively, president emeritus of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and cardiologist/professor at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons a broken heart John H Richards quoted in New York Evening Post, Jan 1919; ERD to KR, Jan 1919 (ERDP) “Mother and I felt that part of his illness was due to his grief for Quentin—It took the fight from him … must have been his heart.” Biographical Note: Drs Marks and Marks comment further, in a review of the medical narrative provided them by the author, as follows: “One can speculate that in the 1870s, when [TR] was ‘advised by Harvard doctors on graduation to lead sedentary scholarly life because of heart weakness,’ that the examining physician may have heard a heart murmur The heart murmur could have been secondary to early childhood rheumatic heart disease or a congenital heart valve abnormality.” However, “his rigorous [subsequent] life suggests that if he did have a heart murmur it did not signi cantly impair cardiac function.” TR’s recurrent attacks of “Cuban fever” after 1898 were consistent with malaria “The parasite can reside in the liver for years—with bouts of septicemia recurring and causing these symptoms.” His frequent “acute joint pains” probably were attacks of gout Given his increasing weight, after his 50th birthday, joint symptoms could also re ect degenerative osteoarthritis, particularly of the hip, knee, and ankle joints.” Returning to the question of TR’s coronary vulnerability, the doctors concede some likelihood of endocarditis “But if he had endocarditis, possibly related to his leg infection seeding a damaged heart, his terminal course would have been marked by high fevers and evidence of infectious, embolic showers which would have been noticed by his physicians, i.e hemorrhages, speech or motor de ciencies etc.… Further, embolism is unlikely since Faller recorded [six hours before TR’s death] ‘normal heart and pulse’—and this is very unlikely associated with a pulmonary embolus.” Allowing that the undisclosed amount of morphine administered to the patient four hours before his death may have caused the respiratory depression noticed by James Amos, the doctors nevertheless conclude that TR’s “recurrent chest pain/discomfort, obesity, and high blood pressure all make coronary artery disease likely,” leading to their speculative diagnosis of “myocardial infarction” as the prime cause of death For a icting opinion, stating that TR’s nal illness was “most compatible with polyarticular gout,” but also with “reactive arthritis [and/or] rheumatic fever,” see Robert S Pinals, “Theodore Roosevelt’s In ammatory Rheumatism” Journal of Clinical Rheumatology, 14.1 (Feb 2008) The author has deposited a copy of his narrative of TR’s recorded medical problems in TRC it spread around the world Arthur Krock of The New York Times told Henry Pringle that he had watched President Wilson receiving cabled news of TR’s death en route to Modena, Italy According to Krock, who was looking through a window of the presidential car, WW’s face registered “transcendent triumph.” Pringle treated this anecdote, which Krock retailed to him eleven years later, seriously in his 1931 biography of TR (602) It is true that WW received the news while traveling, but his reaction (so far as Krock could discern it through plate glass) can only be guessed at headed again for the presidency “Among party leaders today it was conceded that if Colonel Roosevelt had lived, he undoubtedly would have had the nomination for the presidency.” The New York Times, Jan 1919 took refuge in metaphor Henry A Beers, Four Americans: Roosevelt, Hawthorne, Emerson, Whitman (New Haven, Conn., 1919), 8; “Theodore Roosevelt in Memoriam,” Natural History, Jan 1919; William Dudley Foulke, A Hoosier Autobiography (New York, 1922), 221; New York Evening Post, Jan 1919; Slayden, Washington Wife, 354; Garland, My Friendly Contemporaries, 214; Sylvia Morris, Edith Kermit Roosevelt, 435 10 Archibald Roosevelt announced The New York Times, 7, Jan 1919 11 “It was my father’s” Ibid 12 In a further Ibid 13 ROOSEVELT DEAD A large fragile scrapbook album in TRC contains a collection of these headlines 14 Even so, he Undated news clip in “Theodore Roosevelt” scrapbook, Pratt Collection (TRB) 15 “Mother, the adamantine” TR, Letters, 8.1266 16 “Gone … gone” George Syran to Mr and Mrs Osbourne, 11 Jan 1919 17 “You did not” Ibid 18 “She had a” Ibid [sic] During the afternoon of Jan., the sculptor James Earle Fraser took a plaster cast of TR’s face The macabre result may be seen in Lorant, Life and Times of TR, 627 According to Hamlin Garland, some books TR had been reading were still resting on the counterpane Roosevelt House Memorial Bulletin, 2.2 (Fall 1923) 19 A perpetual drone The New York Times, Jan 1919; Sylvia Morris, Edith Kermit Roosevelt, 434; undated news clip in “Theodore Roosevelt” scrapbook, Pratt Collection (TRB) The air vigil was ordered by General William L Kenly, director of military aeronautics 20 The aerial watch The New York Times, Jan 1919 21 The snow tapered o Except where otherwise indicated, the following account of TR’s funeral is based on ERD to Richard Derby, Jan 1919 (ERDP), and EBR to “mother,” Jan 1919 (TRJP), supplemented by reports in The New York Times, New York Evening Post, New York World, Oakland Tribune, Waterloo (Iowa) Evening Courier (AP), Greenville (Pa.) Evening Record (UP), and Jan 1919, and clippings and photographs in the “Theodore Roosevelt” scrapbook, Pratt Collection (TRB) 22 “He looked” ERD to Richard Derby, Jan 1919 (ERDP) 23 Roosevelt’s disdain for pompe See 67 24 He noticed a distraught EBR to “mother,” Jan 1919 (TRJP) 25 When through fiery trials Copied by John J Leary (JJL) 26 “Theodore,” he said Abbott, Impressions of TR, 313; New York World, Jan 1919 27 A single pull John J Leary funeral notes (JJL) 28 As the engraved words TR’s co n was lowered into the ground by a compressedair device at 1:47 P.M New York World, Jan 1919 29 Lieutenant Otto Raphael “Roosevelt Night,” Middlesex Club proceedings, Boston, 27 Oct 1921, 4–5 (TRB) For TR’s relationship with Raphael, see TR, An Autobiography, chap 30 One of the last Albert Cheney interview, 1920, TRB Youngs Cemetery still functions TR’s grave is maintained by the town of Oyster Bay 31 “The man was” Carl Bode, ed., The New Mencken Letters (New York, 1997), 96 32 Among the superlatives Wood, Roosevelt As We Knew Him, 380; The New York Times, Jan 1919; White, Autobiography, 552 33 Woodrow Wilson’s sentiments The New York Times, Jan 1919 34 Something like a superman New York Evening Post, Jan 1919 35 He was hailed “Theodore Roosevelt” scrapbook, Pratt Collection (TRB); The New York Times, Jan 1919; Aimaro Sato, former Japanese ambassador to the United States and delegate to the Russo-Japanese peace conference at Portsmouth, N.H., in 1905, quoted in The New York Times, 10 Jan 1919; Jules Jusserand address at Waldorf-Astoria, New York, 27 Oct 1919, in Journal of American History, 13.3 (Fall 1919) Edith Wharton, recalling her meetings with TR in 1933, used the same simile as Jusserand: “Each of these encounters glows in me like a tiny morsel of radium.” Wharton, A Backward Glance, 317 36 His survey of New York Tribune and The New York Times, 10 Feb 1919 The quotation is from part of Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress 37 “Mr Roosevelt’s great” The Nation, 109.2836 (8 Nov 1919) 38 Mr Roosevelt has attained Ibid 39 “Teddy” the lovable When Walter Lippmann was the senior statesman of American political journalism, he looked back on the many presidents he had known, and wrote that TR was the only one who could be described as “lovable.” Ronald Steel, Walter Lippmann and the American Century (Boston, 1980, New Brunswick, N.J 1999), 64 40 the book of all his books Joseph Bucklin Bishop, ed., Theodore Roosevelt’s Letters to His Children (New York, 1919) Largely as a result of this book, TR’s royalties increased from $3,150 in 1919 to $31,930 A modern reissue, illustrated and edited by Joan Paterson Kerr, is A Bully Father (New York, 1995) 41 Roosevelt’s mammoth 1911 letter Bishop, TR, 2.184–259; TR, Letters, 7.348–99 Even Stuart Sherman allowed, in a review of Bishop’s biography, that the Trevelyan letter was “a masterpiece … probably one of the longest epistles in the world.” The Nation, 112.2896 (5 Jan 1921) 42 “The man was” William Allen White, Masks in a Pageant (New York, 1928), 326 The luxury Memorial Edition of TR’s Works was limited to 1,500 copies, 500 “for presentation” and 1,000 for sale Hagedorn also published, in 1926, a cheaper National Edition, di erently distributed among 20 volumes For a summary of the contents of the Memorial Edition, see Wagenknecht, The Seven Worlds of TR, 345 Personal Note: The author of this biography hereby expresses gratitude to the memory of John Gray Peatman, who in 1980 o ered him a set of the Memorial Edition, “at the same price I paid for it in 1924—ten dollars a volume.” 43 Four female trumpeters John R Lancos, “Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace: Study in Americanism,” in Naylor et al., TR, 26 ; Sylvia Morris, Edith Kermit Roosevelt, 18 “Roosevelt House” is now Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site 44 In 1925, Hagedorn Nan Netherton, “Delicate Beauty and Burly Majesty: The Story of Theodore Roosevelt Island,” National Park Service draft ts., 1980, 76–77 Copy in AC Pope’s column of spray was intended to evoke TR’s geyser-like energy Roosevelt Memorial Association, Plan and Design for the Roosevelt Memorial in the City of Washington (New York, 1925) 45 “fifth cousin by blood” See 416 46 “greatest man I ever knew” James L Golden, “FDR’s Use of the Symbol of TR in the Formation of His Political Persona and Philosophy,” in Naylor et al., TR, 577 47 Theodore Roosevelt, Jr The principal source for the following paragraphs is Charles W Snyder, “An American Original: Theodore Roosevelt, Jr.” in Naylor et al., TR, 95–106 The most comprehensive family history of the Roosevelts after TR’s death is Sylvia Morris, Edith Kermit Roosevelt, 441–516 48 Cousin Eleanor made things Eleanor Roosevelt’s campaign behavior sparked decades of hatred between the Oyster Bay (Republican) and Hyde Park (Democratic) branches of the Roosevelt family 49 It was a question TR.Jr could never bring himself to acknowledge that TR, reelected in 1912, would have been as centralized an authoritarian as FDR 50 “one of the bravest” Patton quoted in Naylor et al., TR, 103 After World War II, a sentimental desire for juxtaposition led the Roosevelt family to override TR’s and EKR’s wishes (see 546) and transfer QR’s remains to the same cemetery The bones of the two brothers now lie side by side 51 nothing left to stand on See 554 52 War in the Garden of Eden New York, 1919 53 His nomadic nature Sylvia Morris, Edith Kermit Roosevelt, 492–507 54 Archie went to work See David M Esposito, “Archibald Bulloch Roosevelt, 1894– 1979,” in Naylor et al., TR, 107ff 55 a selection of Archibald Roosevelt, ed., Theodore Roosevelt on Race, Riots, Reds, Crime (Metairie, La., 1968) 56 “Beatniks” Esposito in Naylor et al., TR, 115 57 “I’m going to” Quoted by Archibald Roosevelt, Jr., interview with author, Oct 1981 58 bellow the word “Americanism” Author’s personal recollection 59 Flora Whitney died Biddle, The Whitney Women, 45–68 and passim Gertude Vanderbilt Whitney’s statue of Flora is reproduced in Flora, 17 60 “Hell, yes” Cordery, Alice, 314 For full details of this episode in ARL’s life, see ibid., chap 15 61 lifelong passion for reading See New York Society Library, The President’s Wife and the Librarian: Letters at an Exhibition (New York, 2009) 62 Perhaps the earliest Sylvia Morris, Edith Kermit Roosevelt, 1–2; Stefan Lorant, “The Boy in the Window,” American Heritage, 6.4 (June 1955) 63 lled a lacuna For other lacunae in TR, Works, see Wagenknecht, The Seven Worlds of TR, 345 64 Theodore Roosevelt Collection This archive, which the RMA began to amass in New York immediately after TR’s death, temporarily transformed his birthplace into the nation’s rst presidential library Removed to Harvard University’s Widener and Houghton libraries and endowed with a curator in 1953, it now (2010) totals 56,000 manuscript, print, and visual items 65 Whatever the Colonel’s Harbaugh, TR (1961), 521–22 66 On 22 November 1963 John Robert Greene, “Presidential Co-option of the image of TR,” in Naylor et al., TR, 601–2 67 Richard Nixon invoked Ibid., 603 68 Three decades later Notable post-centennial books about TR unmentioned in this Epilogue are George Mowry, The Era of Theodore Roosevelt, 1900–1912 (New York, 1958); Raymond A Esthus, Theodore Roosevelt and Japan (Seattle, 1966); Willard B Gatewood, Jr., Theodore Roosevelt and the Art of Controversy: Episodes of the White House Years (Baton Rouge, La., 1970); John Allen Gable, The Bull Moose Years: Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Party (Port Washington, N.Y., 1978); Frederick W Marks III, Velvet on Iron: The Diplomacy of Theodore Roosevelt (Lincoln, Neb., 1979); Thomas G Dyer, Theodore Roosevelt and the Idea of Race (Baton Rouge, La., 1980); John Milton Cooper, The Warrior and the Priest: Woodrow Wilson and Theodore Roosevelt (Cambridge, Mass., 1983); Paul Russell Cutright, Theodore Roosevelt: The Making of a Conservationist (Urbana, Ill., 1985); Lewis L Gould, The Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt (Lawrence, Kan., 1991); John D Weaver, The Brownsville Raid (College Station, Tex., 1992); Natalie Naylor et al., Theodore Roosevelt: Many-Sided American (Interlaken, N.Y., 1992); Edmund Morris, Theodore Rex (New York, 2001); Henry J Hendrix, Theodore Roosevelt’s Naval Diplomacy: The U.S Navy and the Birth of the American Century (Annapolis, Md., 2009) 69 Three recent Kathleen Dalton, Theodore Roosevelt: A Strenuous Life (New York, 2002); Millard, The River of Doubt (2005); O’Toole, When Trumpets Call (2005) 70 “He was a fulfiller” Manuscript in TRC ILLUSTRATION CREDITS Unless otherwise credited, all images are from the Theodore Roosevelt Collection, Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass Frontispiece Theodore Roosevelt by George Moffett, 1914 p.1 The Roosevelt Africa Expedition, 1909–1910 p.2 Kermit Roosevelt in 1909 p.3 TR’s safari gets under way, May 1910 p.4 TR records his kills on and October 1909 p.5 Edith Kermit Roosevelt in 1909 Library of Congress i1.1 TR arrives in Khartoum, 14 March 1910 Library of Congress i2.1 Gifford Pinchot Library of Congress i2.2 Germany around the time of TR’s visit Library of Congress i2.3 Emperor Wilhelm II, ca 1910 Library of Congress i2.4 Wilhelm II and TR at Döberitz Library of Congress i3.1 Alice Roosevelt Longworth, ca 1910 Chicago Historical Society i3.2 TR marches in the funeral procession of Edward VII, 20 May 1910 i4.1 Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., at the time of his engagement i4.2 Joseph Youngwitz presents a bouquet to TR, 18 June 1910 i4.3 Governor Charles Evans Hughes Library of Congress i4.4 Taft’s summer White House in Beverly, Massachusetts i5.1 William Barnes, Jr Library of Congress i5.2 TR reading, fall 1910 i6.1 The North Room of Sagamore Hill, ca 1911 Sagamore Hill National Historic Site i6.2 President William Howard Taft Library of Congress i6.3 Theodore Roosevelt Dam, Arizona Library of Congress i7.1 Ethel Roosevelt, ca 1911 Library of Congress i10.1 Senator Elihu Root Library of Congress i11.1 TR, third-party candidate (cartoon), 1912 i11.2 TR addresses the Progressive National Convention, August 1912 Library of Congress i12.1 TR’s perforated speech manuscript, 14 October 1914 i12.2 John Schrank under arrest after attempting to kill TR i13.1 The manuscript of TR’s autobiography, 1913 i13.2 TR gives Ethel away in marriage, April 1913 i14.1 Natalie Curtis in Indian dress Courtesy NatalieCurtis.org i15.1 Cândido Mariano da Silva Rondon Acervo Museu Indio/FUNAI, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil i15.2 The Roosevelt-Rondon Expedition, 1914 i15.3 Expedition members at dinner i15.4 TR writing, surrounded by Nhambiquaras American Museum of Natural History i15.5 TR prepares to descend the Dúvida, 27 February 1913 i16.1 The expedition undertakes one of its many portages i16.2 Rondon rebaptizes the Dúvida in TR’s name Acervo Museu Indio/FUNAI, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil i17.1 President Woodrow Wilson Library of Congress i17.2 TR revisits Washington, 19 May 1914 Chicago Historical Society i19.1 TR and Alice Longworth, summer 1914 i20.1 The Metropolitan, TR’s journalistic outlet from 1915 to 1918 Author’s collection i21.1 William M Ivins New York Public Library i21.2 Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin D Roosevelt Chicago Historical Society i21.3 The evening newspaper that greeted TR, May 1915 NewspaperArchive.com i22.1 TR and General Leonard Wood at Plattsburg, 25 August 1915 i22.2 Bird life on Breton Island, La., summer 1915 i23.1 Senator Henry Cabot Lodge i24.1 Flora Payne Whitney Library of Congress i24.2 The U-53 pays a visit to America, October 1916 Library of Congress i24.3 TR on the campaign trail, fall 1916 i24.4 Secretary of War Newton D Baker Library of Congress i25.1 Arthur Balfour in Washington, April 1917 Library of Congress i25.2 Quentin Roosevelt, 1917 i26.1 Theodore and Edith Roosevelt, 1917 i27.1 Archibald Roosevelt in traction, 1918 i28.1 Quentin photographed in front of his crashed plane, 14 July 1918 e.1 Air Corps vigil over Sagamore Hill after TR’s death e.2 TR’s coffin is carried to his grave, January 1919 ABOUT THE AUTHOR EDMUND MORRIS was born in Nairobi, Kenya, in 1940 He was schooled there, and studied music, history, and literature at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa After leaving Africa at the age of twenty-four, he worked for six years as an advertising copywriter in London and New York He became a full-time writer in 1972 His rst book, The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt, began life as a screenplay It was published in 1979 and won the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award In 1985, Morris was appointed the o cial biographer of President Ronald Reagan The resultant work, Dutch: A Memoir of Ronald Reagan (1999), was and remains controversial because of its unusual narrative technique Theodore Rex (2001), the second volume of Morris’s Roosevelt trilogy, won the Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Biography Before completing his trilogy with Colonel Roosevelt, Morris published a short life of Beethoven He lives in New York and Kent, Connecticut, with his wife and fellow biographer, Sylvia Jukes Morris Also by Edmund Morris: THE RISE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT THEODORE REX ... LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Morris, Edmund Colonel Roosevelt / Edmund Morris p cm Continues: Theodore Rex eISBN: 97 8-0 -6 7 9-6 041 5-0 Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858–1919 Presidents—United...ALSO BY EDMUND MORRIS — The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt Dutch: A Memoir of Ronald Reagan Theodore Rex Beethoven: The Universal Composer Copyright © 2010 by Edmund Morris All rights... States—Politics and government—1913–1921 I Morris, Edmund Theodore Rex II Title E757.M8825 2010 973.911092—dc22 [B] 2010005890 www.atrandom.com Frontispiece photograph: Theodore Roosevelt by George Moffett,