ETHICS AND LAW FOR SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGISTS Fourth Edition Susan Jacob Timothy S Hartshorne John Wiley & Sons, Inc ETHICS AND LAW FOR SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGISTS ETHICS AND LAW FOR SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGISTS Fourth Edition Susan Jacob Timothy S Hartshorne John Wiley & Sons, Inc This book is printed on acid-free paper Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey All rights reserved Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com Requests to the 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appears in print may not be available in electronic books For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.wiley.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Jacob, Susan, 1949– Ethics and law for school psychologists / Susan Jacob, Timothy S Hartshorne — 4th ed p cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 0-471-20949-X (cloth : alk paper) School psychologists—Professional ethics—United States School psychologists—Legal status, laws, etc.—United States I Hartshorne, Timothy S II Title LB3013.6.J33 2003 174'.93717'130683—dc21 2002011155 Printed in the United States of America 10 This book is dedicated to the memory of Michael David Salem Hartshorne (1984–1992) and Katherine Swift Hartshorne (1991–1992) The brevity of their lives reminds us just how precious are all children Preface There are a number of excellent texts, journal articles, and book chapters on ethics in psychology, legal issues in school psychology, and special education law However, our experience as school psychology trainers suggested a need for a single sourcebook on ethics and law specifically written to meet the unique needs of the psychologist in the school setting Consequently, Ethics and Law for School Psychologists was written to provide up-to-date information on ethics, professional standards, and law pertinent to the delivery of school psychological services Our goals for this fourth edition of the book remain unchanged We hope that the book will continue to be useful as a basic textbook or supplementary text for school psychology students in training and as a resource for practitioners As noted in the preface to the first edition, one goal in writing the book was to bring together various ethical and legal guidelines pertinent to the delivery of school psychological services We also introduce an ethicallegal, decision-making model We concur with the suggestion that the educated practitioner is the best safeguard against ethical-legal problems (Diener & Crandall, 1978; Koocher & Keith-Spiegel, 1998) School psychologists with a broad knowledge base of ethics and law are likely to anticipate and prevent problems Use of a decision-making model allows the practitioner to make informed, well-reasoned choices in resolving problems when they occur (Eberlein, 1987; Tymchuk, 1986) WHAT’S IN THE BOOK Chapter provides an introduction to ethical codes and professional standards, an ethical-legal, decision-making model, and the four broad ethical principles of respect for the dignity of persons (welfare of the client), responsible caring (professional competence and responsibility), integrity in professional relationships, and responsibility to community and society We also describe ethics committees and sanctions for unethical conduct Chapter provides an introduction to education law that protects the rights of students and their parents in the school setting We also address certification and licensure of school psychologists—mechanisms that help to ensure that psychologists meet specified qualifications before they are granted a legal sanction to practice The chapter closes with a brief discussion of tort liability of schools and practitioners In Chapter 3, we vii viii Preface discuss privacy, informed consent, confidentiality, and record keeping— ethical-legal concerns that cut across all of the school psychologist’s many roles Chapters through 11 focus on ethical-legal issues associated with specific roles Psychoeducational assessment is discussed in Chapter 4; Chapters and focus on the delivery of services to pupils with disabilities; and Chapter addresses counseling and therapeutic interventions Chapters and focus on indirect services We discuss ethical-legal issues associated with consultative services to teachers and parents in Chapter and address systems-level consultation in Chapter A number of special consultation topics are covered in Chapter 9, including the ethical-legal issues associated with school testing programs; school entry and grade retention decisions; efforts to foster safe schools (discipline, school violence prevention, and the problem of harassment and discrimination); and schooling for pupils with other special needs (limited English proficiency, gifted and talented students, and students with communicable diseases) In Chapter 10, we discuss ethical and legal issues associated with research in the schools Chapter 11 provides a brief overview of the ethical and legal considerations associated with school-based supervision of school psychologists in training WHAT’S NOT IN THE BOOK We have chosen to focus on ethical-legal issues of interest to current and future school practitioners Consistent with this focus, we did not include a discussion of issues associated with private practice Interested readers are encouraged to consult Bersoff (1999), Koocher and Keith-Spiegel (1998), and Rosenberg (1995) We also did not address the legal rights of psychologists as employees in the public schools FOURTH EDITION REVISIONS There have been a number of changes in ethical guidelines and law pertinent to the practice of school psychology since we completed work on the third edition early in the Fall of 1997 The National Association of School Psychologists revised its “Principles for Professional Ethics” and “Guidelines for the Provision of School Psychological Services” in 2000 The American Psychological Association adopted a revised “Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct” in 2002 On June 4, 1997, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments or AUTHOR INDEX Abbott, D W., Betan, E J., 26 Abramovitch, R., 59 Biderman, M D., 302 Adams, J., 234 Black, H C., 297 Adelman, H S., 59, 62, 63 Blau, B I., Adler, T., 84 Bob, S., 281 Alberto, P A., 207, 208, 211 Boes, S R., 288, 292, 294, 296, 297 Alexander, M D., 34, 53 Borreca, C P., 138 Allington, R L., 238 Borum, R., 193, 194 Anderson, B S., 45 Bosk, C L., 294 Andrews, T J., 127 Bower, E M., 129, 130, 131 Angold, A., 212, 213 Bowman, D H., 283 Aponte, J F., 13, 101, 361 Braden, J P., 238 Atkinson, D R., 281 Bradley, A., 54 Bradley, K L., 254 Bahr, M W., 233 Bradley-Johnson, S., 149 Bailey, J A., 27 Brantley, J C., 107, 108, 110 Baker, A C., 83, 187, 218 Bricklin, P Baldick, T L., Brish, B., 233 Ballantine, H T., 17 Brock, S E., 194, 197, 255 Bard, E M., 252 Brooks-Gunn, J., 202 Barkley, R A., 213 Brophy, J E., 278 Barrish, B M., 247 Brown, D T., 7, 220, 224 Batsche, G M., 105 Brown, L., 93 Bauder, D., 88 Brown, R T., 102, 214 Beauchamp, T L., Bryant, B K., 48 Behring, S T., 228, 232 Bryant, B R., 93 Bennett, B E., 48, 49, 76 Buchanan, T., 80 Berglund, J., 193, 194 Burdsall, J., Berman, A L., 197 Burgdorf, R L., 182, 183 Bernard, J., 7, 26 Cabello, B., 229 Bernstein, B E., 49, 79 Callahan, C M., 262 Bersoff, D N., viii, 2, 3, 4, 10, 14, 32, 33, 50, 52, 56, 57, 60, 75, 76, 77, 87, 100, 117, 118, 124, 133, 134, 135, 188, 267, 269, 270, 272, 273, 301 Callanan, P., 6, 187, 359 Campbell, D T., 95 Canter, A., 60, 61, 77, 78, 79, 189 379 380 Author Index Canter, M B., 76, 77 Dana, R H., 90, 100, 101, 361 Carrington, F., 255 Davis, J L., 82 Cauffman, E., 192, 253, 254, 255 Davis, J M., 61, 63, 65, 66, 67, 219, 220, 221 Cavell, T A., 199 Dawson, M M., 244, 265 Chafer, S B., Day, J D., Chalfant, J C., 128, 136 Dekraai, M., 56, 58, 61, 62 Chalk, R., 1, 3, 22 DeMers, S T., 56, 188, 214, 267, 272, 273 Chanock, S., 264 Diener, E., vii Chenneville, T., 265 Doepke, K., 213 Chestnut, C R., 185 Drasgow, E., 116, 208 Chestnutt, M D., 45, 46 Dunst, C J., 225 Childress, J F., DuPaul, G J., 213, 214 Christenson, S L., 84, 224, 234 Dwyer, K., 254, 255, 256 Clarizio, H F., 131 Claus, R E., 21 Eades, R W., 80 Cobia, D C., 288, 292, 294, 296, 297 Eagle, J W., 225 Cochran, D J., 291 Eberlein, L., vii, 4, 6, 10, 20, 21, 26 Coles, N S., 101 Edwards, G., 213 Cone, T E., 127 Egger, H L., 212 Congress, E P., 230, 231 Elias, C L., 51 Connor, D F., 213 Elizalde-Utnick, G., 234 Conoley, C W., 207, 218, 219, 221, 223, 224 Ellens, B M., 80 Conoley, J C., 6, 207, 218, 219, 221, 223, 224, 291, 293, 294 Ennett, S T., 199 Cooper, S., 59 Erkanli, A., 212 Corey, G., 6, 20, 187, 359 Esler, A N., 234 Corey, M S., 6, 187, 359 Evans, L D., 127 Corrao, J., 56, 60, 87, 187, 189 Evans, W J., 45, 46 Costello, E J., 212 Eversole, T., 235 Erchul, W P., 288 Cottone, R R., 21 Coughlin, E K., 282 Fagan, T K., 1, 2, 43, 44, 45 Cowan, R J., 225 Fanibanda, D K., 220, 221 Crandall, R., vii Fein, R., 193, 194 Crespi, T D., 298 Feinberg, T., 253, 254, 255, 256 Croteau, J M., 233 Fenstermacher, K., 224 Crouch, R T., 13 Ferguson, L R., 59, 270, 271 Cruise, T K., 201, 215, 235 Ferraraccio, M., 54 Curtis, M J., 44, 83, 187, 218, 219, 220, 223, 237 Figueroa, R A., 91, 104 D’Augelli, A R., 13 Dalton, J H., Daly, E J., 208 Fine, M A., 5, 6, 10 Fischer, L., 34, 41, 43, 67, 69, 204, 205, 240 Fischetti, B A., 298 Fish, M C., 225 Fisher, C B., 278 Author Index Fiske, D W., 95 Hare, R., 20 Flanagan, D P., 127, 190, 231, 359 Harris, A., 207 Flaugher, R L., 101, 102 Harris, K R., 209 Fleming, D C., 60 Harrison, P L., 244 Fleming, E R., 60 Hartsell, T L., 49, 79 Folkman, S., 266, 279 Hartshorne, T S., 167, 186, 227 Foote, W., 68 Ford, L., 116, 208 Harvey, V S., 98, 286, 287, 291, 293, 294, 295, 296 Forman, S G., 198, 214, 215 Havey, J M., 51 Frankel, M S., 1, 284 Hays, P A., 191, 360 Freedman, J L., 59 Hehir, T., 77 Fried, J., 360 Helm, D T., 226 Friedman, S L., 226, 227 Helton, G B., 302 Frisby, C L., 103 Henderson, D H., 248 Fryberg, D., 278 Henker, B., 214 Furstenburg, F F., 202 Henning-Stout, M., 233, 260, 285, 359 Henry, K., 59 Gallagher, J J., 161 Herlihy, B., 68, 69 Gallessich, J., 219 Herlihy, S., 68 Gawthrop, J C., 6, Heumann, J E., 125 Genshaft, J L., 127 Himes, B S., 65 Gil, E F., 281 Hindman, S E., 209, 248 Godber, Y., 234 Hofer, P T., 56, 57, 60, 188 Goldberg, S G., 20, 21 Hoff, K E., 213, 214 Good, T L., 278 Holmes, D S., 59, 275, 276 Gopaul-McNicol, S., 262 Hopkins, B R., 45 Gould, S J., 99, 359 Horton, C B., 201, 215, 235 Greene, A F., 12, 190 Hostetler, A J., 282 Greenwood, A., 48 Hubbard, D D., 234 Gregory, R J., 95 Hubsch, A W., 31, 36, 41, 42, 43 Grisso, T., 59 Hughes, J N., 4, 220, 221 Grunder, T M., 274 Hummel, D L., 34, 48, 53, 61, 62, 68, 202 Gutkin, T B., 218, 219, 220, 223 Humphreys, K L., 19 Haas, L J., 1, 4, 5, 20 Hakola, S R., 169, 174 Hall, S., 56 Hunley, S A., 44, 83, 187, 218 Hurley, C M., 224 Hyman, I A., 245, 247 Hammill, D D., 93 Ikeda, M J., 208 Handelsman, M M., 5, Ingraham, C L., 222 Hansen, J C., 65 Irvin, T B., 76, 78 Hansen, N D., 12, 20, 21, 190, 191, 206, 223, 359, 360, 361 Jackson, V R., 291 Hanson, M J., 81, 190, 191, 232, 234, 359, 360 Jacob, S., 107, 108, 110, 253, 254, 255, 256 Hardy, B S., 202 Jacobson, L., 224 381 382 Author Index Jacob-Timm, S., 6, 19, 149, 167, 186, 211, 226, 302 Lim, J., 175 James, S., 233, 260, 359 Lohrmann, S., 248 Jara, C., 7, 26 Lopez, E C., 12, 90, 91, 232, 262, 359, 360, 361 Jensen, P S., 211 Lowe, P A., 101 Jimerson, S R., 194, 242, 255 Lynch, E W., 81, 190, 191, 232, 234, 359, 360 Lipsitz, N E., Jitendra, A K., 90 Jobes, D A., 197 Macintosh, S., 233, 260 Johnson, L R., 101, 361 Malley, P., 194 Johnson, M C., 149 Malouf, J L., 1, 4, 20 Johnson, T P., 73 Marrone, J., 226 Jones, S E., 76 Marshall, E., 211, 213 Martens, B K., 208 Kalichman, S C., 199, 201, 215 Martin, A., 233, 234 Kapche, R., 207 Kaplan, J., 247 Martin, R., 71, 113, 114, 115, 146, 167, 168, 169, 173, 174, 181, 184 Kaser-Boyd, N., 59 Martin, R P., 77 Kaufman, A S., 93 Matarazzo, J D., 83, 89, 96 Keith-Spiegel, P., vii, viii, 3, 4, 21, 24, 25, 26, 62, 106, 266, 267, 271, 278 Mather, N., 107 Kincaid, J M., 118, 181 McConaughy, S H., 131 Kirp, D., 241 McCormick, J S., 197 Kitchener, K S., 4, 5, 6, 10, 13, 19, 20, 21 McDermott, P A., 127 Knapp, S., 49, 67, 68, 190, 194, 196, 286, 287, 289, 290, 291, 293, 294, 297 McGill-Franzen, A., 238 Knoff, H M., 105 Knoster, T P., 208 Koeppl, P M., 2, 3, 10, 14 Koocher, G P., vii, viii, 3, 4, 21, 24, 25, 26, 58, 62, 106, 267, 271 Mayerson, N H., McGivern, J E., 152 McGrew, K S., 107 McGue, M., 282 McGuire, J M., McIntosh, D E., 262, 286, 298 Kozol, J., 244 McKevitt, B C., 152 Krauss, D A., 242 McMinn, M R., 80 Kubiszyn, T., 214 Meara, N M., Kublick, R J., 252 Meddin, B J., 201 Kushida, D., 229 Medway, F J., 239, 240 Meehan, B T., 199 Lamb, D H., 291, 299 Melka, S., 224 Landau, S., 204, 213, 265 Meier, S., 65 Lazarus, P J., 194, 255 Melton, G B., 56, 58, 60, 87 LeVay, S., 216 Mennuti, R B., Levine, D U., 359 Messick, S., 84, 85, 101, 103, 104, 105 Levine, M., 62 Messina, D J., 245 Levine, R F., 359 Meyers, A B., 204 Lichtenstein, R., 240 Meyers, J., 222, 361 Lieberman, R., 196 Mickelson, D J., 82 Author Index Mittelmeier, K., 44 Rafoth, M A., 242 Modzeleski, W., 193 Randolph, M K., 198 Mowder, B., 83 Rapp, J., 255 Muehleman, T., 62 Ray, B A., 302 Mulvey, E P., 192, 253, 254, 255 Reddy, M., 193 Murguia, A., 229 Reichner, H F., 245 Murray, M G., 27 Remley, T P., 68 383 Repp, A C., 211 Nagle, R J., Newman, J L., 20, 220, 221 Reschly, D J., 32, 50, 52, 75, 76, 77, 83, 100, 103, 107, 117, 118, 123, 124, 134, 135, 188, 218, 237 Nicholson, G., 255 Rest, J R., Nieto, S., 359, 360 Reutter, E E., 31, 35, 41, 42, 46, 241, 244, 248, 262, 287 Okun, B., 360 Reynolds, C R., 101, 102 Okun, M L., 360 Ries, R R., 224 Ortiz, S O., 102, 104, 190, 231, 359 Rizza, M G., 262 Osher, D., 254, 255 Robinson, F., 62 Overcast, T D., 242 Rogers, M R., 9, 12, 91, 100, 190, 191, 206, 222, 224, 232, 236, 281, 359, 360, 361 Page, E B., 112 Rohena-Diaz, E., 90 Paredes Scribner, A., 90, 262 Rose, J S., 239, 240 Pelco, L E., 224 Rosen, A L., 201 Pepitone-Arreola-Rockwell, F., 12, 190 Rosenberg, S L., viii Perone, D C., 54 Ross, R P., 244 Perry, J D., 252 Ross, W D., Peterson, D W., 105 Ross-Reynolds, G., 202 Pfeiffer, A., 215 Rushton, C H., 27 Pfohl, V., 80 Ryan, D., 233, 234 Pfohl, W., 80 Ryan, M K., 80 Nagy, T F., 76, 78 Phelps, L., 286, 298 Pickens, B K., 62 Pitcher, G., 62, 63, 188, 194, 255, 256 Plante, T G., 6, 49 Poland, S., 62, 63, 188, 194, 196, 197, 255, 256 Pope, K S., 25, 80 Powers, K M., 239 Sacken, D M., 242 Saenz, A L., 101 Saks, M J., 58 Sales, B., 56 Sales, B D., 242, 255, 266 Sandoval, J., 61, 63, 65, 66, 67, 219, 220, 221 Prasse, D., 83 Sattler, J M., 76, 77, 93, 94, 98, 100, 103, 125, 361 Prilleltensky, I., 10, 17, 237 Schill, K., 45, 46 Prus, J., 44 Schimmel, D., 69 Pryzwansky, W B., 43, 44, 220 Schmidt, L D., Pulliam, J L., 255, 256 Schulte, A C., 220 Purcell, C W., 245 Shah, S A., 67 Pysh, M., 136 Shapiro, S K., 131 384 Author Index Sheeley, V L., 68, 69 Turner, H S., 209, 210 Sheridan, S M., 224, 225, 229, 234 Tymchuk, A J., vii, 5, 6, 7, 20, 21 Sherry, P., 297 Shinn, M R., 98 Uhlemann, M R., 6, Short, R J., 131 Ulrich, L P., 5, 6, 10 Shuman, D W., 68 Urie, R C., 59 Siang, S., 284 Sieber, J E., 281 Siegel, M., 55, 61, 62, 67 Van Brunschot, M., 59 VandenBos, G., 48 Simmonds, R J., 264 VandeCreek, L., 67, 68, 190, 194, 286, 287, 289, 290, 291, 293, 294, 297 Simon, R I., 196 Vanderwood, M L., 239 Sinclair, C., 10, 20, 21 Van Houten, R., 207 Singh, N N., 211 Vasquez, M T., 291, 295 Skiba, R J., 131 Vierling, L., 59 Slenkovich, J E., 71, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 144 Vollmer, T R., 208 Smith, T S., Vossekuil, B., 193, 194 Solomon, R S., Waldo, S L., 194 Sorenson, G P., 34, 41, 43, 67, 204, 205, 240 Walker, K J., 83, 187, 218 Stafford, M., 191 Ward, S B., 293 Stanton, A L., 26 Warger, C., 254, 255 Stephens, R D., 255 Watkins, M W., 127 Stoiber, K C., 202, 204 Watson, H., 62 Stollar, S A., 237 Watson, T S., 209, 210 Struzziero, J., 286, 287, 291, 293, 294, 295, 296 Webb, N B., 225, 228, 229, 231, 232, 236 Sullivan, J R., 6, 291, 293, 294 Wechsler, D., 109, 110 Swerdlik, M E., 265 Weirda, B., 155 Tabachnick, B G., 25 Taft, R., 37 Talbutt, L C., 34, 53 Taylor, L., 59, 62, 63 Tharinger, D., 191 Tharp, R G., 359, 361 Thompson, R A., 275, 284 Tilly, D W., 208 Trivette, C M., 225 Troutman, A C., 207, 208, 211 Tryon, G S., 6, 7, 26, 291, 293 Turnbull, A P., 36, 41, 42, 45, 47, 79, 115, 118, 128, 138, 145, 148, 149, 154, 225 Turnbull, H R., 36, 41, 42, 45, 47, 79, 115, 118, 128, 138, 145, 148, 149, 154, 225 Weithorn, L A., 56, 58, 59, 188 Welfel, E R., 5, 7, 13 Whalen, C K., 214 Whitaker, J S., 102 White, R M., 281 Wigmore, J H., 68 Will, J C., 27 Williams, B B., Williams-Gray, B., 229 Wilson, L R., 127 Wilson, M S., 83, 218, 237 Winett, R A., 207 Winkler, R C., 207 Wise, P S., 1, 2, 43, 44, 45 Witt, J C., 208 Author Index Wodrich, D L., 265 Zachary, R A., 80 Wonderly, D., 25, 301 Zingaro, J C., 65 Wood, R C., 45, 46 Zins, J E., 214, 218 Woodcock, R W., 107 Zirkel, P A., 118, 181, 245, 248 Woody, R H., 49 Yell, M L., 116, 117, 142, 208 Ysseldyke, J E., 84, 133, 134 385 SUBJECT INDEX “A” Family, In the Matter of the, 155 Ability grouping, 133–134, 242–244 Baker v Owen, 246 Abortion counseling (see Pregnancy) Behavioral interventions Accommodation plan, Section 504, 177–181 Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), students with, 74, 132, 262–265 Behavioral intervention plan under IDEA, 140–142, 148, 208, 251 Bellotti v Baird, 203 Advocacy, 17–18, 19, 184, 220, 226–268, 237, 290, 301–302 Benskin v Taft City School District, 212, 214 Aguilar v Felton, 35–36 Bilingual Education Act, 261 Alamo Heights Independent School District v State Board of Education, 151 Birth control information, 203–204 Alcohol abuse, student, 58, 132, 173–174, 197–199 Altman v Bedford Central School District, 55 Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, 39, 40, 182–185 Appropriate education Bilingual education, 261–262 Board of Education of the Hendrick Hudson Central School Dist v Rowley, 149–150 Board of Education, Sacramento City Unified School District v Holland, 146, 147, 148 Brown v Board of Education, 32, 113, 133, 242 Burnside v Byars, 244 under IDEA, 149–152 under Section 504, 176–177 Armijo v Wagon Mound Public Schools, 249 Assent, child, 11, 58–60, 87–88, 270, 291 Assessment, psychoeducational California Association of School Psychologists v Superintendent of Public Instruction, 135 Case law, 41–43 Cedar Rapids Community Sch Dist v Garret F by Charlene F., 153–154 nonbiased, 89–91, 99–104 Certification, school psychologist, 43–45 selecting instruments, 88–96 Change of placement sharing findings, 97–99 Assistive technology, IDEA, 152 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder under IDEA, 144–145, 156, 249–250, 251, 252 under Section 504, 176 and IDEA, 131–132 Child abuse and neglect, 199–201 psychopharmacologic treatment of, 211–214 Child Abuse Prevention, Adoption, and Family Services Act of 1988, 199 and Section 504, 169–170, 174, 178–179 Attorney’s fees under IDEA, 160 under Section 504, 182 Autism, 123, 130 A.W v Northwest R-1 School District, 148 Child find under IDEA, 121-122, 161–162 under Section 504, 175 Christopher M v Corpus Christi Independent School District, 152 387 388 Subject Index Civil liability, 45 Crawford v Honig, 135 of psychologists, 48–49, 297–298 Credentialing, school psychologist, 43–45 of schools, 45–48, 255–260, 297–298 Civil Rights Act of 1871, 39, 40, 47–48, 298 Crisis prevention and response, 191–197, 253–256 Classification, under IDEA, 122–136 Cultural diversity (See diversity) Clevenger v Oak Ridge School Board, 150 Cypress-Fairbanks Independent School District v Michael F., 150 Codes of ethics, 7–8 purpose of, 1–3 v ethical conduct, v law, 17–18 Collaboration, 65–66, 218–234 Common law, 41–43 Communicable diseases, students with, 74, 132, 262–265 Competence, of psychologists, 12–14, 105–106, 191, 204–206, 224, 228–229, 237, 267–268, 292–295 Dangerous students, 63–64, 191–194, 250, 253–256 Daniel R.R v Texas State Board of Education, 146–148 Darlene L v Illinois State Board of Education, 154 Davis v Monroe County Board of Education, 257–258, 260 Davison v Santa Barbara High School, 258, 260 Debra P v Turlington, 239–240 Competency testing, minimum, 239–240 Debriefing, in research, 275–276 Complaints, ethics, 18, 22–25 Deception, in research, 276–277 Computers Decision making, ethical-legal, 18–21 in assessment, 107–108 in record keeping, 78–80 Detsel v Board of Education of the Auburn Enlarged City School District, 153 Concealment, in research, 276–277 Devries v Fairfax County School Board, 147 Confidentiality, 11–12, 61–67, 73, 156, 194, 196–197, 200–201, 221, 228, 278–279, 291 Diana v State Board of Education, 134 Conflict of interests, 16, 206, 229–230, 295–296 Consent, informed, 10–11, 55–61, 156–157, 220–221, 224–225, 290–291 for assessment, 86–88 for counseling and treatment, 187–190 Dickens by Dickens v Johnson County Board of Education, 209, 210 Disability under ADA, 183 under IDEA, 122–124 under 504, 172–173 emergency by-pass of, 10, 187–188 Discipline, school, 244–253 meaning of, 55–57 District 27 Community School Board v Board of Education of the City of New York, 263, 264 of minors, 57–60 for release of student records, 73 for research, 269–274 v blanket consent, 61 v notice, 60–61 Constitution, 29–36 Constitutional torts, 47 Consultation, 66–67, 218–224, 237 confidentiality and, 15, 66–67 with teachers , 218–224 Contraception (See Birth control) Cordrey v Euckert, 150 Corporal punishment, 245–248 Courts, 41-43 Diversity (Also see sexual orientation) competence of practitioner, 9, 12–14, 205–206, 359–361 cultural and linguistic, of parents, 9, 12, 99, 359–361 cultural and linguistic, of pupils, 9,12, 89–91, 99–104, 190–191 consultation across diverse consultant-consultee-client groups, 221–222 and research, 280–281 and supervision, 292 Doe v Belleville Public School District No 118, 132, 263, 264 Subject Index Donahue v Copiague Union Free School District, 47 389 Extended school day, under IDEA, 151–152 Extended school year, under IDEA, 151 Drug abuse, student, 197–199 Drugs for behavioral control of students, 211–214 Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA), 38, 70–79, 273) Due process, 32–33, 133, 248–249 Fay v South Colonie Central School District, 72 Due process hearings Florence County School District Four v Carter, 150 under IDEA, 158–159 under Section 504, 181 Duty to protect or warn, 63–64, 191–197, 253–256 Flour Bluff Independent School District v Katherine M., 148 Forrest v Ambach, 301–302 Fraud, research, 282 Early intervention services, 164 Freedom of speech, student, 34, 260 Ecological model, 84 Functional behavioral assessment, 142, 208, 251 Education of All Handicapped Children Act, 38, 115–116 Garcia by Garcia v Miera, 247 Eisel v Board of Education of Montgomery County, 195, 196 Garland Independent School District v Wilks, 151–152 Electronic media, 4, 79–80 Georgia State Conference of Branches of NAACP v State of Georgia, 243 Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, 37, 39, 115, 261, 262 Gifted and talented students, 128, 262 Eligible children Gonzaga University v John Doe, 74 under IDEA, 122–132, 162 Goss v Lopez, 33, 210, 248–249 under Section 504, 172–173 Grade retention, 240–242 Elizabeth S v Thomas K Gilhool, 169, 172, 180 Greer v Rome City School District, 146, 147 Emergency services, 10, 187–188, 255–256 Guadelupe Organization, Inc v Tempe Elementary School District, 134 Emotionally disturbed under IDEA, 128–131 under Section 504, 174 Epperson v State of Arkansas, 31 Equal Protection Clause, 32, 39–40, 133–136, 167–168, 242–243, 257–260, 261 Ethical codes (See Codes of ethics) Ethical misconduct, 18, 22–25, 294 Ethical principles, general, Ethics applied professional, competencies, 5–6, 359–361 definition of, training in, 5–7, 22, 24 Ethics committees, 22–23 Evaluation procedures, pupil under IDEA, 84–86, 88–96, 132–138, 162–163 under Section 504, 173–176 Hall v Tawney, 247 Hall v Vance County Board of Education, 150 Handicapped Children’s Protection Act of 1986, 160 Handicapped, under Section 504, 272–273 Harlow v Fitzgerald, 48 Harassment, pupil, 17, 39, 257–260 Hatch Amendment (See Protection of Pupil Privacy Act) Hayes v Unified School District No 377, 209–210 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, 75 Health records, student, 74–75 Hearings (See due process hearings) Hensley v Eckerhart, 160 H.L Etc., Appelant v Scott M Matheson, 203 Experimental methods of treatment, 189 Hobson v Hansen, 134, 242, 243 Expulsion, school, 33, 248–249, 251–253 Hodgson v Minnesota, 203 390 Subject Index Honig v Doe, 210 Hyperactive students, use of medication with, 211–214 IEP Team, 139–140 Inclusion, 145–149 Malpractice instructional, 46–47 insurance, 49–50, 298 professional, 48–49 Manifest determination review, 251–252 Independent evaluation, under IDEA, 137 Marshall v American Psychological Association, 23 Individualized education program (IEP), 138–145 Martinez v The School Board of Hillsborough County, 263 Individualized family service plan (IFSP), 163–164 Max M v Thompson, 154 Infants and toddlers, under IDEA, 160–165 Ingraham v Wright, 246 Interim alternative educational setting, 250 Irving Independent School District v Tatro, 153–154 McKenzie v Jefferson, 155 McNeal v Tate County School District, 243 Mediation, under IDEA, 158 Medicaid coverage for health-related services, 155 Medical exclusion under IDEA, 153–155 Jacob K Javits Gifted and Talented Students Education Act of 1988, 262 Medical model, 84 Jaffee v Redmond, 68 Mental retardation, under IDEA, 125–126 J.D by J.D v Pawlet School District, 128 Merriken v Cressman, 34, 53, 254, 269–270, 271, 274, 276, 279 John K and Mary K v Board of Education for School District #65, 76 Johnson v Independent School District No of Bixby, Tulsa County, Oklahoma, 151 Milligan, et al v City of Slidell, 193 Mills v Board of Education of District of Columbia, 32, 113–114, 121, 135, 138 Minimum competency testing, 239–240 Kelson v City of Springfield, 195–196, 256 Kerkam v McKenzie, 152 Mirand v Board of Education of the City of New York, 193 Morales v Turman, 209–210 Labels, diagnostic, 98 Multicultural (See diversity) Landstrom v Illinois Department of Children and Family Services, 48 Multiple relationships, 16, 229–231, 295–296 Larry P v Riles, 134–135 Nabozny v Podlesny, 39, 257, 259–260 Lau v Nichols, 261 National Research Act of 1974, 266–267 Learning disability, under IDEA, 122–124, 126–128 Native language, 90 Least restrictive alternative (LRA), doctrine of, 145 Negligence, 45–47, 297–298 Least restrictive environment (LRE) New York Association for Retarded Children v Carey, 209–210 under IDEA, 145–149 under Section 504, 43–45 Licensure of School Psychologists, 43–45 Need to Know Rule, 65 New Jersey v T.L.O., 53–54 No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, 37, 238, 248, 261 Normative errors of trainees, 294–297 Limited English proficiency, 37, 90–91, 261–262 Lyons by Alexander v Smith, 179 Ohio v Akron Center for Reproductive Health, 203 Mainstreaming (See inclusion) Other health impairment, under IDEA, 131–132 Subject Index Parents Against Abuse in Schools v Williamsport Area School District, 71 Parents, working with Confidentiality, 65–66, 228 Consent, 55–57, 224–225 Diversity issues, 231–234 Parham v J.R., 57 391 Records, school, 69–80, 273 Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 40, 47, 84, 115, 132, 167–182, 252, 263–264 Related services, under IDEA, 143–144, 153–155 Report writing, 98–99 Parochial schools, 35–36, 119–121 Rettig v Kent City School District, 149 P.A.S.E (Parents in Action in Special Education) v Hannon, 135 Reusch v Fountain, 151 Paul D Coverdell Teacher Protection Act of 2001, 48 Riley v Ambach, 127 Peer monitoring, 18, 24–25 Roland M v Concord School Committee, 152 Penna v New York State Division for Youth, 209 Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens (P.A.R.C.) v Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 32, 113–114, 121, 135, 138 Personality assessment, 104–105 Right-to-Education, court cases, 112–114 Ritalin, 211–214 San Antonio Independent School District v Rodriguez, 29–30 Sandlin v Johnson, 242 School Board of Nassau County, FL v Arline, 263 Pesce v J Sterling Morton High School, 199–201 School Committee of the Town of Burlington v Department of Education of Massachusetts, 120 Peter W v San Francisco Unified School District, 47 Search and seizure, in school, 35, 53–54 Phillis P v Claremont Unified School District, 192, 201 Planned Parenthood of Central Missouri v Danforth, 202–203 Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v Casey, 203 Pregnancy, student, 201–204 Self-referrals, student, 189 Serious emotional disturbance, under IDEA, 128–131 Service coordinator, IDEA, 164 Sexual orientation of parents, 12, 233–234 of students, 12, 13–14, 17 Prereferral intervention, 103, 136 Simmons v Hooks, 243 Privacy, 10, 11–12, 34–35, 52–55, 228 Single agency responsibility, under IDEA, 118–119, 161 Private notes of psychologists, 71 Private school placement under IDEA, 119–121 under Section 504, 177 Privileged communication, 67–69 Procedural safeguards under IDEA, 155–160, 165 under Section 504, 181 Socially maladjusted, 131 Sole possession records, 71 Special education, under IDEA, 143 Specific learning disability under IDEA, 122–124, 126–128 under Section 504, 174 Spielberg v Henrico County Public Schools, 137 State plan, under IDEA , 117–118, 161 Professional disclosure statement, 288 State v Grover, 201 Projective tests, 104–105 Statutory law, 36–43 Protection of Pupil Rights Act, 39, 54–55, 272 Stay-put rule, 144–145 Psychopharmacologic interventions, 211–214 Sterling v Borough of Minersville, 54 Psychotherapy, under IDEA, 154–155 Substance abuse, by students, 197–199 Pupil assistance teams, 103, 136 Suicidal students, 62–64, 194–197, 256 392 Subject Index Supplementary aids and services, 144, 146, 147 Time-Out, 209–210 Supervision Timothy W v Rochester School District, 122 and confidentiality, 291 disclosure statement, 288 Tinker v Des Moines Independent Community School District, 32, 33-34 diversity issues, 292 Token economies, 209 individualized learning plan, 288, 295 Torts, 45–49, 297–298 liability, 297–298 Transition services professional standards for, 287 Surrogate parents, 157 Suspension, school, 33, 248–249, 251–253 Tarasoff v Regents of California, 63–64, 192 Teachers, working with, 218–224 Confidentiality, 221 Consent, 220–221 Diversity issues, 221-222 Technical errors of trainees, 294 and ADA, 182–183 under IDEA, 142, 143 Traumatic brain injury, under IDEA, 124 Valerie v Derry CO-OP School District, 213 Violence identification of potentially violent students, 192–194 school prevention and response, 253–256, 260 Test bias, 101–103 Test protocols, parent access to, 75–78 Whistleblower’s protection, ADA, 184–185 Testing (See Assessment) Wisconsin v Constantineau, 33, 133 Testing programs, school, 238–240 Wolman v Walter, 35 Tests, technical adequacy of Wyatt v Stickney, 145 reliability, 93–94 screening tests, 240 standardization, 95–96 validity, 94–95 Thomas v Atascadero Unified School District, 263 Threats, student to others, 63–64, 191–194, 250, 253–256 to self, 62–64, 194–197, 256 Wyke v Polk County School Board, 196 Zelman v Simmons-Harris, 36 Zero reject principle, 121–122 .. .ETHICS AND LAW FOR SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGISTS Fourth Edition Susan Jacob Timothy S Hartshorne John Wiley & Sons, Inc ETHICS AND LAW FOR SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGISTS ETHICS AND LAW FOR SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGISTS. .. programs; school entry and grade retention decisions; efforts to foster safe schools (discipline, school violence prevention, and the problem of harassment and discrimination); and schooling for pupils... and Discussion Chapter Law and School Psychology: An Introduction The U.S Constitution Statutes and Regulations Case Law Summary Credentialing of School Psychologists Civil Lawsuits Against Schools