Clinical Edited by Graham D Burrows AO Robb Stanley Peter B Bloom JWILEY International Handbook of Clinical Hypnosis Edited by G D Burrows, R O Stanley, P B Bloom Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons Ltd ISBNs: 0-471-97009-3 (Hardback); 0-470-84640-2 (Electronic) International Handbook of Clinical Hypnosis International Handbook of Clinical Hypnosis Edited by Graham D Burrows AO, KSJ The University of Melbourne, Australia Robb O Stanley The University of Melbourne, Australia Peter B Bloom The University of Pennsylvania, USA JOHN WILEY & SONS, LTD Chichester ■ New York ■ Weinheim ■ Brisbane ■ Singapore ■ Toronto Copyright © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 1UD, UK National 01243 779777 International (+44) 1243 779777 e-mail (for orders and customer service enquiries: cs-books@wiley.co.uk Visit our Home Page on: http://www.wiley.co.uk or http://www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P OLP, UK, without the permission in writing of the publisher Other Wiley Editorial Offices John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012, USA WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH, Pappelallee 3, D69469 Weinheim, Germany John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd., 33 Park Road, Milton, Queensland 4064, Australia John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte, Ltd., Clementi Loop #02-01, Jin Xing Distripark, Singapore 129809 John Wiley & Sons (Canada), Ltd., 22 Worcester Road, Rexdale, Ontario M9W 1L1, Canada Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data International handbook of clinical hypnosis [edited by] / Graham D Burrows, Robb O Stanley, Peter B Bloom p ; cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 0-471-97009-3 (cased) Hypnotism I Burrows, Graham D II Stanley, Robb O III Bloom, Peter B [DNLM: Hypnosis WM 415 H23551 2001] RC495 H357 2001 616.89'162— dc21 2001024254 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0-471-97009-3 Typeset in 10/12pt Times from the author's disks by Keytec Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham This book is printed on acid-free paper responsibly manufactured from sustainable forestry, in which at least two trees are planted for each one used for paper production Contents List of Contributors ix Preface xi PARTI THE NATURE OF HYPNOSIS Introduction to Clinical Hypnosis and the Hypnotic Phenomena Graham D Burrows and Robb O Stanley Training in Hypnosis 19 Peter B Bloom PART II GENERAL CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS Patient Selection: Assessment and Preparation, Indications and Contraindications Julie H Linden Memory and Hypnosis—General Considerations Peter W Sheehan Neuropsychophysiology of Hypnosis: Towards an Understanding of How Hypnotic Interventions Work 35 49 61 Helen J Crawford PART III THE PSYCHOTHERAPIES Injunctive Communication and Relational Dynamics: An Interactional Perspective Jeffrey K Zeig 85 vi CONTENTS PART IV SPECIFIC DISORDERS AND APPLICATIONS Hypnosis and Recovered Memory: Evidence-Based Practice Kevin M McConkey 97 Hypnosis in the Management of Stress and Anxiety Disorders Robb O Stanley, Trevor R Norman and Graham D Burrows 113 Hypnosis and Depression Graham D Burrows and Sandra G Boughton 129 10 Hypnosis, Dissociation and Trauma David Spiegel 143 11 Conversion Disorders C A L Hoogduin and Karin Roelofs 159 12 Personality and Psychotic Disorders Joan Murray-Jobsis 171 13 Dissociative Disorders Richard P Kluft 187 14 Eating Disorders—Anorexia and Bulimia Moshe S Torem 205 15 Hypnotherapy in Obesity J o h a n Va n d e r l i n d e n 221 16 Hypnotic I nterventions in the Tre atment of Sexual Dysfunctions Robb O Stanley and Graham D Burrows 17 Hypnosis in Chronic Pain Management Frederick J Evans 247 18 Hypnosis and Pain Leonard Rose 261 19 The Use of Hypnosis in the Treatment of Burn Patients Dabney M Ewin 273 233 CONTENTS vii 20 Hypnosis in Dentistry Dov Glazer 285 21 Dental Anxiety Disorders, Phobias and Hypnotizability Jack A Gerschman 299 22 Applications of Clinical Hypnosis with Children Daniel P Kohen 309 23 The Negative Consequences of Hypnosis Inappropriately or Ineptly Applied Robb O Stanley and Graham D Burrows 327 Index 335 Contributors Peter B Bloom, MD Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, c/o 416 Riverview Avenue, Swarthmore, PA 19081-1221, USA Sandra G Boughton, DipClinPsych Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia Graham D Burrows, AO KSJ MD Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Austin and Repatriation Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia Helen J Crawford, PhD Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0436, USA Frederick J Evans, PhD Pathfinders: Consultants in Human Behavior, 736 Lawrence Road, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648-0412, USA Dabney M Ewin, MD Departments of Surgery and Psychiatry, Tulane University, c/o 318 Baronne Street, New Orleans, LA 70112-1606, USA Jack A Gerschman, BDSc, PhD School of Dental Science, University of Melbourne, c/o Suite 5, 3rd Floor, 517 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia Dov Glazer, DDS Lousiana State University School of Dentistry, 3525 Prytania Street, Suite #312, New Orleans, LA 70115-3566, USA C.A.L Hoogduin, MD, PhD Department of Psychology and Personality, University of Nijmegen, PO Box 9104, NL-6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands Richard P Kluft, MD Department of Psychiatry, Temple University, c/o 111 Presidential Boulevard, Suite 231, Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004-1004, USA Daniel P Kohen, MD Behavioral Pediatrics Program, Department of Pediatrics - University of Minnesota, Gateway Center - Suite 160, 200 Oak Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455-2002, USA Julie H Linden, PhD Private Practice, 227 East Gowen Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19119-1021, USA Kevin M McConkey, PhD School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia Joan Murray-Jobsis, PhD Human Resource Consultants, 100 Europa Center, Suite 260, Chapel Hill, NC 27514-2357, USA Trevor R Norman, PhD Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Austin and Repatriation Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia Karin Roelofs, MA Department of Psychology and Personality, University of Nijmegen, PO Box 9104, NL-6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands Leonard Rose, MBBS Melbourne Pain Management Clinic, 96 Grattan Street, Suite 14, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia Peter W Sheehan, PhD, AO Vice-Chancellor, Australian Catholic University, PO Box 968, North Sydney, New South Wales 2059, Australia David Spiegel, MD Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Office 2325, Stanford, CA 94305-5718, USA Robb O Stanley, DClinPsych Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Austin and Repatriation Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia x CONTRIBUTORS Moshe S Torem, MD Center for Mind-Body Medicine, Northeastern Ohio Universities, College of Medicine, 4125 Medina Road, Suite 209, Akron, OH 44333-4514, USA Johan Vanderlinden, PhD Kortenberg, Belgium Jeffrey K Zeig, PhD 85016-6500, USA Department of Behavior Therapy, University Centre St-Josef, B-3070 The Milton H Erickson Foundation, 3606 North 24th Street, Phoenix, AZ Preface The editors of this volume, the International Handbook of Clinical Hypnosis, first met to discuss the idea for it during the 13th International Congress of Hypnosis held in Melbourne, Australia, in 1994 During the Congress, sponsored on behalf of the International Society of Hypnosis by the Australian Society of Hypnosis and the Department of Psychiatry of the University of Melbourne, the presidency of the International Society of Hypnosis was passed from Graham D Burrows AO to Peter B Bloom, while Robb O Stanley continued as secretary treasurer From that vantage point and following the publication of Contemporary International Hypnosis, the proceedings of the 13th Congress, we realized the need for a handbook authored by senior clinicians and researchers, who could present topics in greater length and depth that would substantially contribute to the field of hypnosis and its applications We hope that interested readers from many and varied disciplines who seek more definitive knowledge on how clinical hypnosis is used in a variety of medical, dental and psychological conditions will benefit from reading this volume We also hope that health care professionals from many disciplines, whether they are experienced or inexperienced with the principles of clinical hypnosis, will find ways to better serve their patients or clients in the future The editors wish to thank our colleagues for their contributions to this handbook Our contributors are experts in their fields and come with broad experience in medicine, dentistry, and psychology Most are professors at major universities, some are chairman of their departments, and all are members of the leading hypnosis societies in their own countries These societies, of which most of our authors have served as president, promote clinical training and research in the understanding of this immensely useful modality in the healing arts We sincerely thank Mrs Gertrude Rubinstein for her excellent editorial assistance; and we are grateful to our publisher, John Wiley & Sons, who has consistently helped us to shape these endeavors to the benefit of us all Graham D Burrows, AO KSJ MD, Australia Robb O Stanley, DClinPsych, Australia Peter B Bloom, MD, USA i g h t e n e d l e v e l p o s t t r a u m a t i c s t r e s s d i s o r d e r s c a l e s 1 s u g g e s t i o n ( s ) , a m b i g u o u s 3 b u r n p a t i e n t s , , 352 INDEX s u g g e s t i o n ( s ) ( c o n t ) cl as si c ef fe ct di re ct 16 4, 16 56 ex pe ct an cy m od ifi ca tio n 30 he ad ac he 26 he ali ng 28 in di re ct 16 4, 16 56 pe rc ep tio n di st ort io n 30 pr eh yp no tic 27 rel ax ati on 29 re pe at ed 27 re sp on si ve ne ss 15 ris ks 55 se ns or y ch an ge 30 t h e r a p e u t i c s u g g e s t i v e t h e r a p y s u i c i d a l i d e a t i o n , — s u i c i d a l i m p u l s e m o d i f i c a t i o n 3 — s u i c i d e r i s k de pr es si on 13 3, 13 45 p r e d i c t o r s s u r g e r y p a i n c o n t r o l s u r v i v a l m e c h a n i s m s s y m b i o t i c a l l i a n c e s y m b o l i c t r a n s f o r m a t i o n s y m m e t r i c r e l a t i o n s h i p s 8 , s y m m e t r y es ca lat in g 91 s t y l e s s y m p t o m re m ov al su gg es ti on 13 su bs tit uti on 25 T c e l l f u n c t i o n t e m p e r t a n t r u m s t e m p e r a t u r e c h a n g e , p e r i p h e r a l t e m p o r a l i s m u s c l e s t e m p o r o m a n d i b u l a r d i s o r d e r — t e m p o r o m a n d i b u l a r j o i n t p a i n pa in co nt ro l 24 t e n s i o n , r e l a x a t i o n i n d u c t i o n , t e r m i n a l i l l n e s s , 2 t h a l a m u s h y p n o t i c a n a l g e s i a T h e m a t i c A p p e r c e p t i o n T e s t t h e r a p e u t i c a l l i a n c e 2 dy in g pa tie nt s 30 t h e r a p e u t i c a p p l i c a t i o n s o f h y p n o s i s t h e r a p e u t i c m o d a l i t y va lu es 45 t h e r m a l s t i m u l u s t h o u g h t d i s o r d e r s t h e r a p i s t s 4 m o t o r t h r e a t , r e a c t i o n s t h u m b s u c k i n g t i c s s e e a l s o T o u r e t t e ' s s y n d r o m e t i m e d i s t o r t i o n pa in rel ief 26 s e x u a l d y s f u n c t i o n t i m e m a n a g e m e n t 1 t o o t h c l e n c h i n g , n o c t u r n a l t o o t h g r i n d i n g T o t s t e l l r e f l e x T o u r e t t e ' s s y n d r o m e , , t r a i n i n g t r a i n i n g p r o g r a m s , 2 ad va nc ed w or ks ho p 22 ,2 830 gr ou p pr ac tic e se ssi on s 24 — int ro du ct or y w or ks ho p 22 — se ni or se mi na r 30 w o r l d w i d e 2 t r a n c e ad ve rs e eff ec ts of hy pn os is 33 ap tit ud e 58 be vi ou rs 38 co gn iti ve re str uc tu ri ng 13 de nt al tra u m a 30 0, 30 fri gh te ne d de nti str y pa tie nt 28 hy pn oti c 16 in eff ec tiv e ter mi na tio n 33 pe rs on ali ty di so rd er 17 po ss es si on st at es 20 ps yc ho sis 17 sel fhy pn oti c 21 0, 21 so m na m bu lis tic 28 sp on ta ne ou s 19 0, 30 s e e a l s o d i s s o c i a t i v e t r a n c e d i s o r d e r T r a n s a c t i o n a l A n a l y s i s t r a n s c u t a n e o u s e l e c t r i c a l n e r v e s t i m u l a t i o n ( T E N S ) t r a n s f e r e n c e , , rel ati on sh ip 18 t r a u m a t i c t r a u m a / t r a u m a t i c e v e n t s a m ne si a 14 av oi da nc e of sti m uli 12 ch il dh oo d 39 ,9 910 0, 19 cli ni ci an un de rst an di ng 10 co gn iti ve re str uc tur in g 12 co nc ea lm en t wi th ob esi ty 22 9, 23 co ns oli da tio n of m e m or y 99 de nt al 30 de pe rs on ali za tio n 15 INDEX 353 d i s s o c i a ti o n , , , d i s s o c i a ti v e d i s o r d e r s d i s s o c i a ti v e i d e n ti t y d i s o r d e r , d i s s o c i a t i v e r e s p o n s e — d i s s o c i a t i v e s t a t e d i s s o c i a t i v e s y m p t o m s h i s t o r y m e m o r y p h o b i a s r e a c ti o n r e c o v e r e d m e m o r y r e l e v a n c e o f p r e v i o u s l y f o r g o t t e n 0 r e m e m b r a n c e r e p r e s s i o n 9 0 s e x u a l e x p e r i e n c e st o r a g e o f m e m o r y 9 tr i p h a s i c tr e a t m e n t — u n c o n tr o ll a b l e i n tr u s i v e m e m o ri e s 5 w o r k i n g t h r o u g h t r a u m a t i c n e u r o s i s t r a u m a t i c s t r e s s — , t r a u m a t i c t r a n s f e r e n c e t r e a t m e n t i n t e r a c ti v e p r o c e s s p l a n n i n g — t r i g e m i n a l n e r v e s t i m u l a t i o n t r i p h a s i c m o d e l d i s s o c i a t i v e i d e n t i t y d i s o r d e r d is s o ci at i v e tr a n c e d is o r d e r 9 — 0 tr i p h a si c tr e a t m e n t f o r tr a u m a t u b e r c u li n , M a n t o u x r e a c ti o n in hi bi ti o n unc o v er in g o f re p re ss e d m at er ia l 3 a n xi et y m a n a g e m e nt p s y c h o si s/ p er s o n al it y di s o r d er 7 u n l e a r n i n g , e x p o s u r e b a s e d — u n tr e a t a b l e p a ti e n t v a g i n i s m u s — v e r b a l r e l a b e l i n g v i c t i m i z a t i o n o f c h i l d r e n p o s t t r a u m a ti c s t r e s s d i s o r d e r 4 o f t e r a n s d i s o r d e r s d i s s o c i a t i v e s y m p t o m s h y p n o t i z a b i l i t y w o m e n v i d e o t a p e s , V i e t n a m v e c o n v e r s i o n p o s t t r a u m a t i c s t r e s s d i s o r d e r 4 , v i r a l i n f e c t i o n s V i s u a l A n a l o g u e S c a l e r o l c h il d r e n 2 v i s u a l m e n t a l r e h e a r s a l V o i s i n , A u g u s t e v o m i t i n g c o n t w a r v e t e r a n s , p s y c h o t i c w a r t s h y p n o t i c t r e a t m e n t w e i g h t s t a b i l i z a t i o n t i m e o f o n s e t o f p r o b l e m s 2 , 2 w e i g h t l o s s a n x i e t y 2 b e h a v i o r a l t h e r a p y 2 d e p r e s s i o n 2 e g o s t r e n g t h e n i n g i n d u c ti o n s 2 f a n t a s y e x e r c i s e s 2 h y p n o t i z a b i l i t y 2 i d e o m o t o r q u e s t i o n i n g 2 m o t i v a t i o n e s e e n h a n c e m e n t 2 r e l a p s e p r e v e n ti o n a l s o o b e s i t y w e l f a r e o f c l i e n t W o m e n ' s M o v e m e n t w o u n d h e a l i n g i n b u r n p a t i e n t s x e n o n in h al at io n te c h ni q u e 6, Zun g S c a l e f o r r a t i n g A n x i e t y / D e p r e s s i o n Index compiled by Jill Halliday ... behalf of the International Society of Hypnosis by the Australian Society of Hypnosis and the Department of Psychiatry of the University of Melbourne, the presidency of the International Society of. .. International Handbook of Clinical Hypnosis International Handbook of Clinical Hypnosis Edited by Graham D Burrows AO, KSJ The University of Melbourne, Australia Robb O Stanley The University of Melbourne,... (Electronic) PARTI The Nature of Hypnosis International Handbook of Clinical Hypnosis Edited by G D Burrows, R O Stanley, P B Bloom Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons Ltd ISBNs: 0-471-97009-3