Copyright 2005 Waldo.Hitcher@googlemail.com Click Here for Terms of Use The Innovation Paradigm Replaced Conceptualise, Idealise, Transform “The difference is merely a different set of ideas” by Waldo Hitcher Team-Fly® Copyright 2005 Waldo.Hitcher@googlemail.com Click Here for Terms of Use THE INNOVATION PARADIGM Replaced W HITCHER MC G R AW- H I L L NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO WASHINGTON D.C AUCKLAND BOGOTÁ CARACAS LISBON LONDON MADRID MEXICO CITY MILAN MONTREAL NEW DELHI SAN JUAN SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO TORONTO Copyright 2005 Waldo.Hitcher@googlemail.com Click Here for Terms of Use McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2006 by Waldo Hitcher All rights reserved Manufactured in the United America Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or system, without the prior written permission of the publisher 0-07-190789-0 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-190790-0 All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs Copyright 2005 Waldo.Hitcher@googlemail.com Click Here for Terms of Use TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc (“McGraw-Hill”) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work Use of this work is subject to these terms Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill’s prior consent You may use the work for your own non commercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS” McGRAW-HILL AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE McGraw-Hill and its licensors not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free Neither McGraw-Hill nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom McGraw-Hill has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise Copyright 2005 Waldo.Hitcher@googlemail.com Click Here for Terms of Use This page intentionally left blank Copyright 2005 Waldo.Hitcher@googlemail.com Click Here for Terms of Use Contents Section Theory 13 Chapter.1 The Problem with Innovation today 13 The Innovation Paradigm 13 Chapter.2 The Innovation Continuum 14 Stepping Stones 15 Nesting 16 Product Information Inheritance 17 Innovation Ballistics 19 Chapter.3 Analogy .21 Chapter.4 Insights 25 Chapter.5 Constraints and Options 26 Chapter.6 Ontology, Taxonomies & Language 27 Section Practice 29 Chapter.7 Three Steps to Innovation 29 Step One – Conceptualise What does the product do? .29 Step Two – Idealise What you want it to do? .29 Step Three – Transform Change the concept 29 Chapter.8 Conceptualise 30 Analogy Patterns 31 Memory Systems & Heuristics 32 Product Archaeology 33 Product Ballistics 33 Mathematical Analogies 43 Chapter.9 Idealise 45 Ideality and IFR 45 Chapter.10 Transform 46 Concept Changing .46 Make and Move 46 Perspective 47 Effects Database 48 Principles 49 Chapter.11 Appendix 50 Source methods 50 Language 70 Effects Database (extract) 72 The Triz 40 Inventive Principles 318 Innovators 321 History of Innovation 322 References 342 Contents 344 Copyright 2005 Waldo.Hitcher@googlemail.com Click Here for Terms of Use This page intentionally left blank Copyright 2005 Waldo.Hitcher@googlemail.com Click Here for Terms of Use Figures Figure Innovation Continuum from Laws to Reality 14 Figure Stepping Stone 3D Nesting 17 Figure Product Information Inheritance .18 Figure Innovation Ballistics .19 Figure Analogy .21 Figure Innovation Taxonomy 27 Figure Dustpan and Brush .30 Figure Product Ballistics 34 Figure Ideaspace Target Card .35 Figure 10 Ideaspace 36 Figure 11 Ideal Final Result Target 37 Figure 12 Ideal Product Target 38 Figure 13 Product Constraints 39 Figure 14 Effects Target .40 Figure 15 Analogy Target 41 Figure 16 Concept Target 42 Figure 17 Result Card 43 Figure 18 Perspective 47 Figure 19 Effects 48 Copyright 2005 Waldo.Hitcher@googlemail.com Click Here for Terms of Use Tables Table Innovation Ballistics 20 Table Innovation Insights 25 Table Conceptualise 30 Table Mathematical Analogies Insights 44 Table Idealise 45 Table Transform 46 10 Copyright 2005 Waldo.Hitcher@googlemail.com Click Here for Terms of Use 1888: Kodak hand camera: George Eastman 1888: Ballpoint pen: John Loud 1888: Pneumatic tube tire: John Boyd Dunlop 1888: Harvester-thresher: Matteson (?) 1888: Kinematograph: Augustin Le Prince 1889: Automobile, (steam): Sylvester Roper 1890s 1890: Pneumatic Hammer: Charles B King 1891: Automobile Storage Battery: William Morrison 1891: Zipper: Whitcomb Judson 1891: Carborundum: Edward G Acheson 1892: Color photography: Frederic E Ives 1892: Automatic telephone exchange (electromechanical): Almon Strowger - First in commercial service 1893: Photographic gun: E.J Marcy 1893: Half tone engraving: Frederick Ives 1893: Wireless communication: Nikola Tesla 1895: Phatoptiken projector: Woodville Latham 1895: Phantascope: C Francis Jenkins 1895: Disposable blades: King C Gillette 1895: Diesel engine: Rudolf Diesel 1895: Radio signals: Guglielmo Marconi 1896: Vitascope: Thomas Armat 1896: Steam turbine: Charles Curtis 1896: Electric stove: William S Hadaway 1897: Automobile, magneto: Robert Bosch 334 Copyright 2005 Waldo.Hitcher@googlemail.com Click Here for Terms of Use 1898: Remote control: Nikola Tesla 1899: Automobile self starter: Clyde J Coleman 1899: Magnetic tape recorder: Valdemar Poulsen 1899: Gas turbine: Charles Curtis 20th century 1900s 1900: Rigid dirigible airship: Ferdinand Graf von Zeppelin 1901: Improved wireless transmitter: Reginald Fessenden 1901: Mercury vapor lamp: Peter C Hewitt 1901: paperclip: Johan Vaaler 1902: Radio magnetic detector: Guglielmo Marconi 1902: Radio telephone: Poulsen Reginald Fessenden 1902: Rayon cellulose ester: Arthur D Little 1903: Electrocardiograph (EKG): Willem Einthoven 1903: Powered Airplane: Wilbur Wright and Orville Wright 1903: Bottle machine: Michael Owens 1904: Thermionic valve: John Ambrose Fleming 1904: Separable Attachment Plug: Harvey Hubbell 1905: Radio tube diode: John Ambrose Fleming 1906: Triode amplifier: Lee DeForest 1907: Radio amplifier: Lee DeForest 1907: Radio tube triode: Lee DeForest 1907: Vacuum cleaner, (electric): James Spangler 1907: Washing machine, (electric): Alva Fisher (Hurley Corporation) 1909: Monoplane: Henry W Walden 335 Copyright 2005 Waldo.Hitcher@googlemail.com Click Here for Terms of Use 1909: Bakelite: Leo Baekeland 1909: Gun silencer: Hiram Percy Maxim 1910s 1910: Thermojet engine: Henri Coandă 1911: Gyrocompass: Elmer A Sperry 1911: Automobile self starter (perfected): Charles F Kettering 1911: Air conditioner: Willis Haviland Carrier 1911: Cellophane: Jacques Brandenburger 1911: Hydroplane: Glenn Curtiss 1912: Regenerative radio circuit: Edwin H Armstrong 1912: revolutionary water turbine (Kaplan turbine), Viktor Kaplan 1913: Crossword puzzle: Arthur Wynne 1913: Improved X-Ray: William D Coolidge 1913: Double acting wrench: Robert Owen 1913: Cracking process for Gasoline: William M Burten 1913: Gyroscope stabilizer: Elmer A Sperry 1913: Geiger counter: Hans Geiger 1913: Radio receiver, cascade tuning: Ernst Alexanderson 1913: Radio receiver, heterodyne: Reginald Fessenden 1914: Radio transmitter triode mod.: Ernst Alexanderson 1914: Liquid fuel rocket: Robert Goddard 1914: Tank, military: Ernest Dunlop Swinton 1915: Tungsten Filament: Irving Langmuir 1915: Searchlight arc: Elmer A Sperry 1915: Radio tube oscillator: Lee DeForest 336 Copyright 2005 Waldo.Hitcher@googlemail.com Click Here for Terms of Use 1916: Browning Gun: John Browning 1916: Thompson submachine gun: John T Thompson 1916: Incandescent gas lamp: Irving Langmuir 1917: Sonar echolocation: Paul Langevin 1918: Super heterodyne: Edwin H Armstrong 1918: Interrupter gear: Anton Fokker 1918: Radio crystal oscillator: A.M Nicolson 1918: Pop-up toaster: Charles Strite 1919: the Theremin: Leon Theremin 1919: First licensed radio station, KDKA AM, in Pennsylvania, USA 1920s mechanical potato peeler: Herman Lay 1922: Radar: Robert Watson-Watt, A H Taylor, L C Young, Gregory Breit, Merle Antony Tuve 1922: Technicolor: Herbert T Kalmus 1922: Water skiing: Ralph Samuelson 1923: Arc tube: Ernst Alexanderson 1923: Sound film: Lee DeForest 1923: Television Electronic: Philo Farnsworth 1923: Wind tunnel: Max Munk 1923: Autogyro: Juan de la Cierva 1923: Xenon flash lamp: Harold Edgerton 1925: ultra-centrifuge: Theodor Svedberg - used to determine molecular weights 1925: Television Iconoscope: Vladimir Zworykin 1925: Television Nipkow System: C Francis Jenkins 1925: Telephoto: C Francis Jenkins 337 Copyright 2005 Waldo.Hitcher@googlemail.com Click Here for Terms of Use 1926: Television Mechanical Scanner: John Logie Baird 1926: Aerosol spray: Rotheim 1927: Mechanical cotton picker: John Rust 1928: sliced bread: Otto Frederick Rohwedder 1928: Electric dry shaver: Jacob Schick 1928: Antibiotics: Alexander Fleming 1929: Electroencephelograph (EEG): Hans Berger 1930s 1930: Neoprene: Wallace Carothers 1930: Nylon: Wallace Carothers 1931: the Radio telescope: Karl Jansky Grote Reber 1932: Polaroid glass: Edwin H Land 1935: microwave radar: Robert Watson-Watt 1935: Trampoline: George Nissen and Larry Griswold 1935: Spectrophotometer: Arthur C Hardy 1935: Casein fiber: Earl Whittier Stephen 1935: Hammond Organ: Laurens Hammond 1936: Pinsetter (bowling): Gottfried Schmidt 1937: Jet engine: Frank Whittle Hans von Ohain 1938: Fiberglass: Russell Games Slayter John H Thomas 1938: Computer: Konrad Zuse 1939: FM radio: Edwin H Armstrong 1939: Helicopter: Igor Sikorsky 1939: View-master: William Gruber 338 Copyright 2005 Waldo.Hitcher@googlemail.com Click Here for Terms of Use 1940s 1942: Bazooka Rocket Gun: Leslie A Skinner C N Hickman 1942: Undersea oil pipeline: Hartley, Anglo-Iranian, Siemens in Operation Pluto 1942: frequency hopping: Hedy Lamarr and George Antheil 1943: Aqua-Lung: Jacques Cousteau and Emile Gagnan 1943: electronic programmable digital computer: Tommy Flowers [1] (http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?TommyFlowers) 1944: Electron spectrometer: Deutsch Elliot Evans 1945: Nuclear weapons (but note: chain reaction theory: 1933) 1946: microwave oven: Percy Spencer 1947: Transistor: William Shockley, Walter Brattain, John Bardeen 1947: Polaroid camera: Edwin Land 1948: Long Playing Record: Peter Goldmark 1949: Atomic clocks 1950s 1951: Liquid Paper: Bette Nesmith Graham 1952: fusion bomb: Edward Teller and Stanislaw Ulam 1952: hovercraft: Christopher Cockerell 1953: maser: Charles Townes 1953: medical ultrasonography 1954: transistor radio (dated from the from Regency TR1) (USA) 1954: first nuclear power reactor 1954: geodesic dome: Buckminster Fuller 1955: Velcro: George de Mestral 1957: Jet Boat: William Hamilton 1957: EEG topography: Walter Grey Walter 339 Copyright 2005 Waldo.Hitcher@googlemail.com Click Here for Terms of Use 1957: Bubble Wrap - Alfred Fielding and Marc Chavannes of Sealed Air 1958: the Integrated circuit: Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments, Robert Noyce at Fairchild Semiconductor 1959: snowmobile: Joseph-Armand Bombardier 1960s 1960s: Packet switching: Donald Davies and Paul Baran, video games 1960: lasers: Theodore Maiman, at Hughes Aircraft 1962: Communications satellites: Arthur C Clarke 1962: Light-emitting diode: Nick_Holonyak 1963: Computer mouse: Douglas Engelbart 1965: 8-track tapes: William Powell Lear 1969: the ARPANET, predecessor of the Internet 1970s 1970: Fiber optics 1971: E-mail: Ray Tomlinson 1971: the Microprocessor 1971: the Pocket calculator 1972: Computed Tomography: Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield 1973: Ethernet: Bob Metcalfe and David Boggs 1974: Scramjet: NASA and United States Navy first operational prototype flown in 2002 1974: Rubik's Cube: Ernő Rubik 1976: Gore-Tex fabric: W L Gore 1977: the personal computer (dated from Commodore PET) 1977: Atari 2600, the first commercial video game console 1978: Philips releases the laserdisc player 1978: Spring loaded camming device: Ray Jardine 340 Copyright 2005 Waldo.Hitcher@googlemail.com Click Here for Terms of Use 1979: the Walkman: Akio Morita, Masaru Ibuka, Kozo Ohsone 1979: the cellular telephone (first commercially fielded version, NTT) 197x: Leaf blower (exact year unknown) 1970s: Tomahawk Cruise Missile (first computerized cruise missile) 1980s 1981: the Xerox Star is the first computer to feature a WIMP graphical user interface 1982: Sony and Philips release compact discs 1983: the Internet Protocol, which created the Internet as we know it 1983: Domain Name System: Paul Mockapetris 1985: polymerase chain reaction: Kary Mullis 1985: DNA fingerprinting: Alec Jeffreys 1985: Tetris: Alexey Pajitnov 1986: breadmaker 1989: the GNU GPL, enabling the free software movement: Richard Stallman 1989: the World Wide Web: Tim Berners-Lee 1990s 1991: genetically modified, herbicide tolerant soybeans developed 1993: Global Positioning System 1995: wiki software: Ward Cunningham 1995: DVD standard devloped 1996: cloning of mammals: Ian Wilmut and others 1997: Self-heating can 1998: Portable digital audio player (MP3 player) 1998: Personal video recorder 1999: IEEE 802.11b 341 Copyright 2005 Waldo.Hitcher@googlemail.com Click Here for Terms of Use 1999: Bluetooth 3rd millennium 21st century 2001: Digital satellite radio 2001: Artificial heart References Bass, F M (1986) "The adoption of a marketing model: Comments and observations" In V Mahajan & Y Wind (Eds.), Innovation Diffusion Models of New Product Acceptance Cambridge, Mass.: Ballinger Buzan, T (1983) Use Both Sides of Your Brain, Dutton, New York De Bono, E (1973) Lateral Thinking: Creativity Step by Step Harper Colophon, New York De Bono, E (1992), Serious Creativity, Harper Collins, London De Bono, E (1993), De Bono’s Thinking Course, Facts and on File, New York Csikszentmihalyi, M (1999) Creativity: Flow and the Psychology of Discovery and Invention HarperCollins Publishers, New York Christensen, Clayton M.;Raynor, Michael E (2003) The Innovator's Solution Harvard Business School Press ISBN 1578518520 Christensen, Clayton M (1997) The Innovator's Dilemma Harvard Business School Press ISBN 0875845851 Crawford, M (1994) New Product Management, 4th Edition, Irwin Co, Burr Ridge Ill., 1994 Scientific Method Man, article in Wired, Sep 2004 - discussing "verifier approach" to problem solution, as used by Gordon Rugg Design Synectics - Stimulating Creativity in Design Nicholas Roukes, Diffusion of Innovations, by Everett M Rogers, Free Press; 5th edition (August 16, 2003) Language: English ISBN: 0743222091 342 Copyright 2005 Waldo.Hitcher@googlemail.com Click Here for Terms of Use Drucker, P (1985) The discipline of innovation, Harvard Business Review, vol 63, May-June 1985, pp 67-72 European Commission (1998), Innovation Management Techniques in Operation, European Commission, Luxembourg FWTC, Fastest Way to Certainty (2005) McGraw Hill Gordon W.J (1961) Synectics: the development of creative capacity Harper and Row, New York Ironmonger, D (1972) New commodities and consumer behaviour, University of Cambridge Department of Applied Economics, Monograph 20, Cambridge University Press, Aberdeen, 1972 Jaroslaw M Kulinski (2002) A Model of Situated Analogy in Design Faculty of Architecture University of Sydney NSW 2006, Australia Lynn, G., Marone, J and Paulson, A (1996) Marketing and discontinuous innovation, California Management Review, spring 1996, pp 8-37 Mcgraw Hill, (2003) Dictionary of Engineering, The Myth of Disruptive Technology article date: 08.17.04 John C Dvorak PC Magazine 2005 Ziff Davis Media Inc The Selfish Gene by Richard Dawkins, Oxford University Press 1976, 2nd edition, December 1989, ISBN 0192177737 The Theory of Wages, J R Hicks, Macmillan, London, 1932 Urban, G and Hauser, J (1993) Decision and marketing of new products, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1993 Urban, G., Hauser, J and Dholakia, N (1987) Essentials of new product management, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1987 ISBN 0-13-286584-X Venkatesh, V., & Davis, F D (2000) A theoretical extension of the technology acceptance model: Four longitudinal field studies Management Science, (46:2), 186-204 Wikipedia database 343 Copyright 2005 Waldo.Hitcher@googlemail.com Click Here for Terms of Use Contents 16th century 326 Buzan, T 17th century 326 categorizing 24 18th century 326 cause and effect 27 19th century 328 Chemical Engineering 72 1st millennium 324 Christensen 20th century 335 Civil Engineering 73 2nd millennium 325 Classical Physics 11 Clayton Christensen 57 codify experience 47 Cognitive (CoRT) Trust 54 40 Innovation principles 9th millennium BC 52 323 affinity 24 alikeness 24 Altshuller 52 analogous 24 Analogy 21 Analogy Patterns 31 Analogy Target 41 Appendix 50 342 57, 342 Research comparison 24 comparisons 24 Concept Changing 46 Concept Target 42 concepts 46 Conceptualise Constraints Art 11 BBC 55 Brainchild 70 Brainwave 70 Building 72 Buzan 54 Contents 26 continuum of history 13 Control Systems 73 Crawford, M 342 Create 70 Create options 49 344 Copyright 2005 Waldo.Hitcher@googlemail.com 30 See Click Here for Terms of Use Csikszentmihalyi, M 342 Einstein 11, 13 Darwin 11 Electrical 75 Dawkins 58 Electronic 77 De Bono 54 end to end process 48 Deming 11 Engineering 96 Design 70 Figure Innovation Continuum 14 Design Synectics 342 deterministic 13 Dictionary of Engineering 343 Diffusion rate models 60 disruptive technology 57 Disruptive Technology? 57 Dr J R Hicks 58 Drucker, P Dust Pan Dustpan 48 Dustpan and Brush 30 Ford 11 FWTC 50 Gordon 343 70 History of Innovation 30, 45, 46 48 24 Gordon Rugg 343 dustpan finding similarities Idea 70 Ideal Final Result Target 37 Ideal Product Target 38 Idealise Ideality and IFR Ideaspace Dustpan Target Card example series 37 322 45, 49 45 34, 36 Ideaspace Target Card 35 Ideation 70 Edison 11, 13 effects 48 IFR Ideal Final Result 49 Effects 48 Induced innovation 58 effects database 48 Industrial Engineering 141 Effects Database Effects Target 48, 72 40 information inheritance 18 Innovate 70 345 Copyright 2005 Waldo.Hitcher@googlemail.com Click Here for Terms of Use Innovation Ballistics 19 Machine 70 innovation continuum 29 machines 47 Innovation Continuum 13, 15 Make and Move 46 Innovation diffusion 59 make more with less 47 Innovation Insights 25 Make more with less 49 Innovation Paradigm 13 Marone Innovation Taxonomy 27 Massively parallel working 49 Innovators 321 343 Master Your Memory 55 43 Insights 25 Mathematical Analogies Inspiration 70 Introduction 12 Mathematical Insights Invisible innovations 49 Is it useful? 49 Analogies Maxwell Mechanical 44 11 142 Mechanical Engineering232 John C Dvorak 343 Kulinski 343 language 28 Memory Systems & Heuristics 32 Language 70 Michelangelo 11 Models of diffusion 59 Lateral Thinking Meme 342 58 laws of nature 46 Nesting 16 left and right brain 55 Newton 13 Level five 53 Next time faster 49 Level four 53 Notion 70 Level one 53 Level three 53 Only make what you can’t steal 49 Level two 53 Ontology, Taxonomies & Language 27 likeness 24 Palaeolithic Era 346 Copyright 2005 Waldo.Hitcher@googlemail.com Click Here for Terms of Use 322 paradigm 12 patents 46 Perception 70 Perspective 47 Robert Root-Bernstein and Michele Root-Bernstein 61 rotary street sweeper scientific perspective is to choose a value system 47 24 27, 46 scientific laws 16 search engines 28 phenomena 27 Serious Creativity Practice 29 similitude 24 Pre-empt the future 49 Source methods 50 Preface 11 Step One – Conceptualise 29 Principles 49 Step Three – Transform 29 probability wave 11 Step Two – Idealise 29 Product Archaeology 33 stepping stones Product Ballistics 33 Stepping Stones 15 Product Constraints 39 stepping-stones 16 Synectics 51 systematic 52 Product Information Inheritance 17 Progress 12 QFD 50 Quantum Mechanics 11 References 342 16, 46 taxonomies 13, 28 taxonomy 13 terminology 28 342 resemblance 24 The difference is merely a different set of ideas 12 Result Card 43 the ideal solution reusable 48 The Innovation Continuum 14 Reuse 48 The Innovation Replaced Reuse everything 49 52 Paradigm – The Innovator's Dilemma 342 347 Copyright 2005 Waldo.Hitcher@googlemail.com Click Here for Terms of Use The Problem with Innovation13 Three Steps to Innovation 29 The rate of diffusion Tools for Thinking The Selfish Gene 60 343 Transform The Triz 40 Inventive Principles 318 61 46, 49 Triz 52 Turner’s 11 The Verifier approach 70 theories 13 Use Both Sides of Your Brain 342 Theory 13 vantage point theory of cognition 47 Venkatesh 48 343 Thermal Engineering 276 Vision 70 Think of 10 ideas choose 49 vocabulary 27 think outside the box' Wikipedia 343 54 Thinking Course 342 thought timeline 16 Work backwards from the result 49 348 Copyright 2005 Waldo.Hitcher@googlemail.com Click Here for Terms of Use ... Terms of Use Section Theory Chapter.1 The Problem with Innovation today The Innovation Paradigm Innovation is an art Innovation cannot be learnt Innovation has no system, or basic principles Only... behind Innovation itself can be analysed into Insights in order to identify how it can be improved INNOVATION INSIGHTS Innovation is a continuum Innovation builds on previous knowledge Innovation. .. countless applications Innovation processes are considered mysterious Small innovation steps are easier than big ones 10 The more innovations you try the more products you get Table Innovation Insights