The copyright librarian a practical handbook

Chandos Information Professional Series Series Editor: Ruth Rikowski (email: Rikowskigr@aol.com) Chandos’ new series of books is aimed at the busy information professional They have been specially commissioned to provide the reader with an authoritative view of current thinking They are designed to provide easy-to-read and (most importantly) practical coverage of topics that are of interest to librarians and other information professionals If you would like a full listing of current and forthcoming titles, please visit www.chandospublishing.com New authors: we are always pleased to receive ideas for new titles; if you would like to write a book for Chandos, please contact Dr Glyn Jones on g.jones 2@elsevier.com or telephone +44 (0) 1865 843000 The Copyright Librarian A Practical Handbook LINDA FREDERIKSEN Amsterdam • Boston • Cambridge • Heidelberg London • New York • Oxford • Paris • San Diego San Francisco • Singapore • Sydney • Tokyo Chandos Publishing is an imprint of Elsevier Chandos Publishing is an imprint of Elsevier 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA 02451, USA Langford Lane, Kidlington, OX5 1GB, UK Copyright © 2016 by L Frederiksen Published by Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein) Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein ISBN: 978-0-08-100172-1 (print) ISBN: 978-0-08-100211-7 (online) British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress For information on all Chandos Publishing publications visit our website at http://store.elsevier.com/ LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Job Titles Table 2.2 Education by Degrees Earned Table 2.3 Continuing Education and Current Awareness Table 5.1 Geographic Locations of Jobs Table 5.2 Copyright-Specified Job Titles (Set 1) Table 5.3 Scholarly Communication/Copyright as a Functional Area (Set 2) Table 6.1 Copyright-Related Courses in LIS Education Table 7.1 Sample Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities of a Professional Development Plan for Electronic Rights Management 13 14 16 52 53 54 69 79 vii ABOUT THE AUTHOR Linda Frederiksen is the Head of Access Services at Washington State ­University Vancouver, where she previously held the position of Interlibrary Loan and Document Delivery Librarian Linda received a Bachelor of Arts degree in History and French from Central Washington University Before receiving a Master of Library Science degree from Emporia State University in Kansas, Linda worked in both public and academic libraries She is active in local, regional, and national organizations; projects and initiatives advancing resource sharing; and equitable access to information She is the coauthor of Global Resource Sharing and holds a post-master’s certificate in Copyright Management and Leadership from the University of Maryland Center for Intellectual Property ix FOREWORD There are all kinds of literacies—information, financial, multicultural, visual, health, political, digital, and more Within this spectrum, copyright literacy means having the knowledge and skills to identify and manage copyrightprotected materials ethically, effectively, and efficiently We are surrounded everywhere by copyrighted materials that we access and use them in a seemingly limitless number of ways It is critical that every informed citizen understand the implications and consequences of copyright, not only to comply with legal requirements but also to be better information consumers At the same time, just the mention of the word “copyright” causes what Columbia University librarian emeritus James Neal has called the MEGO (My Eyes Glaze Over) effect Copyright law is unabashedly confusing, frustrating, in some places intentionally vague, and in others needless prescriptive Despite centuries-old traditions, the current copyright climate is frequently quarrelsome, with content creators, rights holders, and users often in conflict about what is and is not an exception, a limitation, or an infringement of law, policy, or practice Place those issues into a technological environment, where information types, devices, formats, delivery mechanisms, and platforms are constantly changing, and it’s not difficult to see that copyright is for nearly everyone a challenge Libraries play an important role as a balance point between two major components in this equation, respecting the rights of information owners alongside information users If you judge this book solely by its cover, the ­centrality of libraries in the copyright equation is obvious.While library and information professionals understand the importance of copyright to their daily work, most are not fluent in the more complex areas of the law ­Questions related to determining fair use and fair dealing, recognizing infringement, knowing how, why, and where to obtain permission if ­necessary or copyright-free materials as an alternative, and how to instruct others in these details are topics most library administrators, librarians, and staff may be uncomfortable answering Although accredited library and information science (LIS) schools ­mention ethical use of information as a competency, most graduates receive very little focused instruction in copyright There are a number of both good and not-so-good reasons for this lack of formal preservice training in xi xii Foreword something that is so integral to all that a library says and does The reality is that because the skill set needed to succeed as a copyright librarian is broad, and the environments where a specialist might work varied, the path to specialization is generally through networking, professional development, and continuing education It is a steep hill to climb to become proficient working with c­ opyright law, but once there a librarian’s skill set and career can truly expand Going beyond providing assistance and guidance to users, c­ opyright librarians also develop educational programs and events ­surrounding copyright and fair use, advocate for these programs in a larger community, and occasionally become leading voices in national ­discussions about copyright reform Like many others in these positions, I am a de facto copyright specialist It’s not part of my job title, and I received little or no instruction in ­copyright law during my MLS program I should point that I am also not an attorney and am well aware of the fine line between providing information and ­g iving legal advice As an access services librarian, copyright questions keep finding their way to my desk Originally these queries concerned ­electronic reserves, interlibrary loan, and distance education, but as technology changed, so did the questions Increasingly, my work has to with the use of images and other media in learning management systems I can remember the moment when a faculty member called to ask how to copy and paste an image scanned from a textbook into a manuscript she was writing and thinking, wait a minute—this is not a word-processing problem I had reached a point in my career when I simply wanted and needed to know more about the copyrighted materials that generated these questions At that point, I began looking for continuing education and ­professional development opportunities that would move me farther along the road to copyright specialization It has been an extremely interesting and rewarding road to take.When I started, I looked around for information that would aid me in my journey but didn’t find much I am hopeful that this book will fill the gap I saw at the time and will help those wishing to start, enhance, or change their own career path Linda Frederiksen ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Every day, library and information professionals around the world take on the task of providing guidance in the use of information Many of materials are copyrighted and many are not Just knowing the difference and how to appropriately handle each requires specialized knowledge and skills From answering questions at a reference desk, to delivering copyright education to anyone who will listen, to arranging conferences and workshops, to advocating for better laws, legislation, and practices, this effort is not unlike copyright itself: frequently difficult, sometimes confusing, occasionally frustrating, but always interesting.And, so important.To these copyright librarians, whose work is often unseen and unsung, thank you Additionally, writing a book is hard I want to acknowledge and thank my family, friends, and especially my colleagues at Washington State University Vancouver for allowing me the time, space, and support needed to complete the task xiii CHAPTER Introduction 1.1 OVERVIEW Consider for a moment this statement, written nearly 10 years ago: From the days of Sumerian clay tablets till now, humans have “published” at least 32 million books, 750 million articles and essays, 25 million songs, 500 million images, 500,000 movies, 3 million videos, TV shows and short films and 100 billion public Web pages All this material is currently contained in all the libraries and archives of the world Kelly (2006) Since that time, the number of ideas transfixed into tangible media and now including e-books, maps, photographs, films, music, radio broadcasts and streams, podcasts, Web pages, blog posts, and more has continued to increase exponentially By 2015, WorldCat, the world’s largest and most comprehensive catalog of library resources, contained more than 2.2 billion items, with a new record added every 10 s (OCLC, 2015) Furthermore, according to the International Intellectual Property Alliance (IIPA), copyright-related industries in the United States alone drew in more than US $1.1 trillion in 2013, accounting for more than 6.7% of the US economy (Siwek, 2014) The reality of living in a digital age of ubiquitous information, communication, and delivery mechanisms means that we are, all of us, surrounded everywhere by copyrighted material At the same time, the laws and practices that govern the use of these materials are neither simple nor easy to understand No stranger himself to its complexities, Mark Twain is said to have famously remarked:“Only one thing is impossible for God: to find any sense in any copyright law on the planet” (Twain & Paine, 1935, p 381) Indeed, when we try to approach copyright in any meaningful way, we generally come away from the encounter more confused than enlightened and with far more questions than answers ­ ­Uncertainty, frustration, anxiety, and even anger are not uncommon responses to the myriad social, political, economic, cultural, technological, and legal issues related to a bundle of intellectual property rights that has grown, ­developed, and changed over the years Although the law is meant to protect The Copyright Librarian ISBN 978-0-08-100172-1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100172-1.00001-0 © 2016 by L Frederiksen Published by Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved The Copyright Librarian the intellectual output of a country’s citizens and encourage them in creative pursuits and innovation, it does not always seem that this is the case Copyright is not a topic many enjoy While the desire to avoid the difficulties of information ownership and use may be our first inclination, it is no longer possible to so For librarians and other information professionals, not only are we surrounded by copyrighted materials, we much of our work based on exemptions granted through the laws of various countries In a recent World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) report, of the 186 countries that were studied, only 33 (less than 18%) did not have some kind of library-specific exception as part of their national copyright law (Crews, 2014) In the United States and around the world, first sale, fair use and fair dealing, copyright exceptions and permissions, the Berne Treaty, open access, duration, moral rights and author’s rights are but a few of the ways that copyright law and practice intersect with libraries Librarians who handle copyright questions within their institutions provide a necessary service that is well within the scope of our profession Libraries and copyright are intertwined It is, however, a common misconception held by both librarians and nonlibrarians alike that because library staff generally are not licensed to also practice law, we are not qualified to engage in any meaningful way with issues related to copyright It is true that as librarians we cannot interpret the law or provide legal advice, as an attorney might At the same time, we know and care about the laws and practices under which we our work In much the same way that health sciences librarians not practice medicine by diagnosing illness or prescribing medication, librarians who handle copyright questions within their institutions provide a necessary service that is well within the scope of our profession Furthermore, As a profession, we value equitable access to information, the privacy rights of users, the free flow of information, and preservation of the cultural record—grand ideas that are affected by copyright law and other information policies Russell (2004, p 133) It is the purpose of this handbook to provide a broad overview of significant ways that libraries around the world are engaging in the work of copyright guidance, assistance, education, advocacy, and leadership Librarians may know and care about copyright and information access in general, Glossary/Acronyms 119 Electronic reserves (E-reserves)  Course readings that are digitized and made available to students enrolled in a class Electronic resources management (ERM) The practice, mechanism, and tools that ­libraries use to keep track of licenses and other information about electronic resources, such as journals, databases, and ebooks Exception  An exception to copyright allows a limited use of a copyrighted work without the permission of the copyright owner Fair Use is considered an exception Face to Face (F2F) Training or course/class meetings that occur in a synchronous physical space Facebook  A free social networking website and social media tool There were 936 million daily active users on average in March 2015 Fair Use  A limit or exception to the exclusive rights of a copyright holder, codified in ­Section 107 of the U.S copyright law, that allows the use of copyrighted material in certain situations and conditions Conditions under which copying a work or a portion of it does not constitute infringement of copyright include copying for criticism, c­omments, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research Fair Dealing, used in Commonwealth nations, is similar but less lenient than its U.S counterpart Fanfiction  Fan-produced fiction that features characters from a particular TV series, movie, etc Copyright implications arise since it may or may not be a derivative work Feedreader A tool that gathers and displays news and other information from various ­websites and blogs in one place By using a feedreader, it’s possible to receive updates from many websites without having to visit each one individually First sale doctrine  Included in Section 109 of the U.S copyright law Allows the owner of a legally acquired copy of copyrighted material to sell, give away, or otherwise dispose of the property without violating or infringing on the exclusive rights of a copyright owner Georgia State Fair Use case A lawsuit brought by several academic publishers against Georgia State University involves the use of copyrighted materials in a library e-reserves environment It has been seen as a test of Fair Use HathiTrust A partnership of academic and research libraries offering millions of titles ­including content digitized via the Google Books Project, the Internet Archives, and the Orphan Works Project Higher Education (HE)  Formal education that goes beyond secondary school, generally meaning university or college Information policy A governing principle, plan, or course of action concerning ­information resources and technology adopted by an organization Information technology (IT)  Computers and telecommunications equipment used to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data Infringement  Use of works protected by copyright law without permission Institutional repository (IR) An online collection of the output of staff members at an institution, intended to serve as a place of preservation and access Integrated library system (ILS)  Combines a library’s online catalog with acquisitions, cataloging, circulation, and serials management and functions Intellectual property (IP)  Content protected by one or more legal options, including copyright, trademarks, or patents Interlibrary loan/Interlending (ILL)  Refers to borrowing and lending materials among libraries with the intent to return materials or to keep copies 120 Glossary/Acronyms International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) An international, nongovernmantal organization that supports all aspects of library and information work around the world International Intellectual Property Alliance (IIPA) A private sector coalition of trade associations representing U.S copyright-based industries that are interested in the ­international protection and enforcement of copyrighted materials They produce an annual report on the economic impact of copyright-based industries iTunes Online source for music, movies, television programs, podcasts, audiobooks, and applications Juris Doctor ( JD) A professional graduate degree in law Related degrees: JSD (Doctor of Jurisprudence), SJD (Doctor of Juridical Science), JSP (Doctor of Jurisprudence and Social Policy), and Doctor of Comparative Law (DCL) K–12  Kindergarten through 12th grade, or primary through secondary school Learning management system (LMS) Also called course management system (CMS), this software product and tool is designed to provide an online environment for course interactions between teachers and learners Library and information science (LIS)  A merging of the disciplines of library science and information science Often used to refer to both the discipline as well as the schools of library and information science (SLIS) Licensing A legally binding negotiated contract between parties that defines the content, users, terms of use, and prices under which access to information is provided Listserv A way to communicate with a group of people who share a common interest through email Literacy  Competence of knowledge in a specified area Copyright literacy is the ability to identify copyright-protected materials, navigate the waters of Fair Use and Fair ­Dealing, obtain permissions or negotiate licenses when necessary, recognize infringement of ­copyright law when it occurs, and ethically use copyrighted materials A copyright-literate person also knows how to locate, use, and recommend alternate sources of information Massive open online course (MOOC)  An online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the web Learning content is delivered online to any person who wants to take a course, with no limit on class size or attendance Master of Laws (LLM) An internationally recognized postgraduate law degree Related degree: LLB (Bachelor of Laws) Master of Library Science/Master of Library and Information Science (MLS/ MLIS)  A graduate degree in library and information science Medical Library Association (MLA)  A North American organization that fosters excellence in health sciences librarianship Memorandum of understanding (MOU) A formal agreement between two or more parties Often used to establish official or unofficial partnerships Music Library Association (MLA) A branch of the International Association of Music Libraries, Archives, and Documentation Centres that provides resources and support for music librarians Ning  An online service that allows users to create individual social networks as well as join and participate in other networks Can be used to create a cohort or community of practice OCLC Originally founded as the Ohio College Library Center, OCLC is a nonprofit library service and research organization Member libraries produce and maintain ­ WorldCat, the OCLC online union catalog Glossary/Acronyms 121 Open access (OA)  Free, immediately available scholarly articles on the open web, coupled with the rights to use these articles fully in the digital environment; most (but not all) are free of copyright and licensing restrictions Open educational resources (OERs)  A type of educational or instructional material that is in the public domain or created and shared with an open license Anyone can legally and freely copy, use, adapt, and re-share them Orphan work A work that has not yet moved into the public domain and therefore is protected by copyright, but for which it is impossible to determine or contact the rightsholder Paraprofessional  Someone with expertise or who has been delegated to some aspect of a professional task but who does not have the license, degree, or credentials to practice as a fully qualified professional Plagiarism The act of copying or otherwise taking someone else’s work—writing, song, conversation, or other ideas or works fixed into a tangible medium—and claiming it as original Portable document format (PDF)  A type of electronic file format that captures all the elements of a print document in an image that can be viewed, searched, printed, copied, or sent Practicum  A limited period of hands-on work in a library or other information service or agency structured to provide an opportunity for a preservice student to relate theory to practice, or gain experience in a specialized field Private study  In contrast to research, which may be done for the benefit of an organization and may lead to publication, private study is made for an individual’s own benefit and may be part of the pursuit of a formal qualification The distinction is used in Fair Dealing determinations Professional development (PD) The continuous process of acquiring new skills and knowledge that relate to a profession, job responsibilities, or work environment Professional development plan (PDP) A structured plan for continuing education and professional growth that records and provides evidence of proposed, schedule, and ­completed activities Public Broadcasting System (PBS) A public broadcaster and television program ­distributor Public domain  A way of referring to works not protected by copyright Copyright protection has expired or the author gave up exclusive rights so that the work can be freely and publicly used without permission Public performance right (PPR)  The legal right to publicly show a copyright-protected film, video, or other medium PPR is usually assigned through a public performance license The media producer or distributor manages these rights Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education (QAA)  An independent body that monitors and advised on standards and quality in UK higher education Reddit A social networking and news website where registered members can submit ­content, such as text posts or direct links It acts as an online bulletin board for news RSS Real simple syndication, or rich site summary A format for delivering regularly ­changing web content Many news sites, blogs, and other online publishers organize and distribute their content as an RSS feed to anyone who wants it Scholarly communication The system by which research and other scholarly output is created, vetted, and transmitted to the scholarly community, and preserved for the future Section 108 The section of U.S copyright law that allows libraries and archives to make certain uses of copyrighted works if they meet certain criteria, sometimes called the library exception 122 Glossary/Acronyms Special interest group (SIG) A community within a larger organization or association where the members have a shared interest in advancing a specific area of knowledge or learning Members cooperate to affect change or produce solutions within a field or discipline SIGs communicate, meet, and often organize conferences, workshops, forums, and other events Special Libraries Association (SLA) An international professional association for ­library and information professionals in business, finance, government, law, nonprofit and ­for-profit organizations, and academic instituions Specialization Training or expertise within a profession or discipline Streaming  A technique for transferring data so they can be processed as a fast, steady, and continuous file It means watching a video or movie or listening to music in “real time” rather than downloading for later TEACH  The Technology, Education and Copyright Harmonization Act of 2002 allows for the performance or display of copyrighted materials for distance education students in accredited, nonprofit institutions that meet qualifying requirements Tenure A job classification in North American higher education institutions to indicate permanent employment status Tumblr A cross between a social networking site like Facebook or and a microblogging service like Twitter Twitter  An online social networking service that allows users to send, read, and respond to short 140-character messages called “tweets.” Webinar  A live meeting that takes place over the web The meeting can be a presentation, discussion, demonstration, or instructional session Participants can view documents and other materials through their computers, while shared audio allows for presentation and discussion Work for hire  If a work is made for hire, an employer is considered to be the author and owner, rather than the individual who created the work The work may have been ­created on the job, using employer-owned equipment, or on behalf of a client World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) A global forum for ­intellectual property services, policy, information, and cooperation It is a self-funding agency ­administered through the United Nations, with 188 member states YouTube  A website designed for sharing videos Users discover and share originally c­ reated films that anyone can watch BIBLIOGRAPHY Albitz, R S (2002) Electronic resource librarians in academic libraries: A position announcement analysis, 1996–2001 Portal: Libraries and the Academy, 2(4), 589–600 Alexander, D (2005) How usable are university 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25, 49–50, 52, 57–58, 66–67, 86 Access services, 7, 29–30, 54t, 57–58 Acquisitions, 23, 29–30, 32, 58, 94 Advocacy, 2–3, 6–7, 44, 78, 84–85, 91–102 American Library Association (ALA), 13, 49–51, 56–57, 60, 64, 67, 80, 82–83, 99 Archives, 1, 13, 29–31, 58, 69t–70t, 70–71, 82, 84, 99 Association of Research Libraries (ARL), 51, 59, 83, 99 ARL PD Bank, 48, 51 Attorneys, 2–5, 9, 15, 41–42, 44–45, 93, 106 Audiovisual works, 29 Australia Library and Information Association (ALIA), 82 Authorized use, 25 Author’s Guild, 19 B Bachelor of Sciences, 12–13, 57, 84 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, 2, 117 Best practices, 71, 98 Blogs, 1, 10, 16t, 27, 86–87 Bookmarking, 85, 88 Books, 1–7, 7b, 25–29, 31–34, 39, 66–68 C Career development, continuing education, 4–5, 7, 9–10, 15, 16t, 66–68, 72–73, 75–90, 94–95, 104–106 Canadian Library Association (CLA), 16, 82 Case law, 5, 17–18, 70 Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals (CILIP), 67, 82 Checklists, 5, 42, 106 Classroom copying, 23–24, 27, 56, 92 Collections, 6, 12, 24–25, 29–32, 35–36, 48, 53t–54t, 55–58, 60, 65–67, 69t–70t, 72 Communication skills, 19, 45, 56–57 Communities of practice (CoP), 85, 95, 98 Conference on Fair Use (CONFU), 43 Consortium, 84 Consortium on New Technological Uses of Copyrighted Works (CONTU), 117 Content creators, 45–46, 105, 107 Continuing education, 4–5, 7, 9–10, 15, 16t, 66–68, 72–73, 75–90, 94–95, 104–106 Copyright instruction, 27, 36, 92–93 literacy, 60, 64–67, 71, 91b, 96, 104, 106 ownership, 18 permission, 10, 34, 58 Copyright adviser, 27–28, 93–94 Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), 79t, 84 Copyright office, 20–21, 53t, 59, 79t, 87–88 Copyright policy, 27, 53t, 70, 106 Course management system See Learning management system Course packs, 26–27, 34 Creative Commons, 9, 14, 18, 28, 79t, 85, 94, 106 Crews, Kenneth, 2, 33, 35 Current awareness, 4, 15, 16t, 66, 75–90, 106 131 132 Index D Databases, 14, 16, 18, 24, 26, 28–30, 33 De facto, 2–3, 40, 91 De jure, 2–3, 91 Derivative works, 24, 25b, 94 Digital copies, 25, 69t–70t, 84 Digital libraries, 54t, 64–65, 69t–70t, 70–71, 87, 104 Digital rights management (DRM), 31–32, 53t, 55 Digitization, 16, 26, 31, 33, 69t–70t, 103 Distance education, 17–18, 35, 49, 77 Duration, 2, 23–24, 31, 42 DVDs, 25, 63 E Ebooks, 1, 30–32, 95–96, 104 Educational use, 94 Electronic discussion groups/listservs/email discussion lists, 10, 16t, 28, 80–81, 86–87, 106, 120 Electronic newsletter, 16t, 86 Electronic resource management (ERM), 64–65, 69t–70t E-reserves/reserves/course reserves, 25, 35, 77 Exclusive rights, 23–24 Exceptions/limitations, 35 Expectations–employer, patrons, 64, 105 F Facebook, 119, 122 Fair use/fair dealing analysis, 63 checklist, 42 classroom use, 94 copying, 10, 18–19, 27–28, 35, 58, 69t–70t, 79t, 86, 98–99 definition, factors, 106 Fan fiction, 15, 24, 25b Federal Library and Information Network (FEDLINK), 83 FEDLINK See Federal Library and Information Network (FEDLINK) Feed reader, 87 Films, 1, 9, 26–27, 66, 69t–70t, 92 First sale doctrine, G Georgia State fair use case, 35 Google books, 19 Guidelines, 18, 23–24, 26, 33, 43, 55–56, 58, 79t H Harvard University, 78–80, 85, 99 HathiTrust, 117 I International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA), 81–83 International Intellectual Property Alliance (IIPA), Information law, 29, 69t–70t Information overload, 87 Information policy, 14, 53t, 59, 69t–70t, 78, 98 Infringement, 23–24, 33–34, 36, 43, 47, 55, 63, 66, 70, 92, 94 Institutional repository, 10, 16, 27 Instruction, 5–6, 5b, 10, 13t, 18, 20, 26–30, 32–33, 36, 54t, 56–57, 64–65, 88–89, 92–93, 95, 98 Integrated library system (ILS), 31 Intellectual property, 63, 1–2, 15, 18, 35, 41, 43, 45–48, 51, 55–57, 59, 63, 67–68, 69t–70t, 70–71, 78–81, 79t, 86, 88–89, 93, 106 Interlibrary loan/interlending, 7, 9, 14, 23–25, 27, 33, 58 International copyright, 78–80, 82 Internet, 17, 43, 69t–70t, 107 Internship/practicum, 68 iTunes, 87 J Journals, 10, 16, 16t, 24, 27, 30, 39, 86 Juris Doctor (JD), 13, 52, 53t, 56–57, 67, 72 K K-12, 28 Index L Leadership, 2–3, 5–7, 55–56, 58, 78, 91–102 Learning management system (LMS), 25, 27–28, 39, 56 Legal counsel, 70, 106 Lessons learned, 93 LIANZA See Library and Information Association of New Zealand (LIANZA) Librarian accidental, 7, 36, 40 Libraries, 77, 1–7, 7b, 13, 23–45, 47–50, 52, 54t, 57, 60, 64–66, 69t–70t, 70–71, 77–78, 83–84, 86–89, 95–96, 98, 103–104 exceptions, 2, 35, 39, 66–67 Library and Information Association of New Zealand (LIANZA), 82 Library and information science (LIS), 4–7, 7b, 13, 15, 39, 41, 45–49, 51, 54t, 60, 63–74, 76, 78–80, 82, 84, 87–89, 103–105 Library Copyright Alliance, 116 Library of Congress, 83 Library schools curriculum, 41 syllabi, 67–68 websites, 51 Licensing, 2, 13t, 14, 16–19, 26, 31, 33, 44–45, 47, 51, 55–56, 59, 69t–70t, 70, 77, 79t, 103 Linking, 32–33 Listservs, 27–28 Literacy, 19, 32, 60, 64–67, 71, 91b, 92, 96, 104, 106 M Marketing, 93 Massive open online courses (MOOCs), 16–17, 77–78, 80 Media, 1, 10, 27–28, 30, 33–34, 36, 58, 63, 69t–70t, 78, 92, 94–96, 98 MLS/MLIS, 13, 52, 53t–54t, 56–57, 59–60, 65, 72 Module, 94 MOOCs See Massive open online courses (MOOCs) 133 Moral rights, Music, 1, 16, 24, 28–29, 33, 43, 54t, 66, 69t–70t, 92 N National libraries, 78 Networking, 6–7, 11, 15, 16t, 44, 82, 85–86, 95, 99 Newsletter, 16t, 28, 86 O OCLC, 1, 84 Office of Information Technology Policy (OITP), 82 OITP See Office of Information Technology Policy (OITP) Open access (OA), 2, 10, 14, 16–17, 31, 33, 35, 42, 57–58, 76–77, 79t, 86, 93–94, 96, 105–106 Open educational resources (OER), 14–15, 17–18, 96 Orphan works, 32, 82 Outreach, 6–7, 44, 54t, 57, 57b, 78, 91–102 Ownership, 2, 16–18, 31, 45 P Paraprofessional, 45, 52, 53t–54t, 55, 58 PDF , 39 Performances, 24–25, 86 Permissions, 2, 9–10, 16, 23–26, 28, 31–35, 39, 42, 47, 55–56, 58, 70, 96, 107 Plagiarism, 28, 43, 94 Policies copyright, 27, 53t, 55–56, 70, 77, 106 intellectual property, 63, 1–2, 15, 18, 35, 41, 43, 45–48, 51, 55–57, 59, 63, 67–68, 69t–70t, 70–71, 79t, 81, 86, 88–89, 93, 106 work for hire, 76 Practicum, 68 Preservation, 2, 23, 29–31, 35, 53t, 56, 69t–70t, 92, 103 Private study, 35 Professional associations, 51, 64, 80–83, 88–89, 104 134 Index Professional development, 3–5, 10, 15, 72–73, 75–90, 105 professional development plan (PDP), 78, 94–95 Public domain, 17, 31, 33, 76, 106 Public performance rights, 25 Publishers, 10, 16–17, 23–24, 26, 28–29, 35, 39, 84 Special Libraries Association (SLA), 51, 71, 83 Streaming video, 20 Students, 2–4, 9–10, 12, 14–16, 19–20, 23–24, 26, 28, 34–35, 39, 45, 55–58, 63–64, 66–68, 71–72, 84, 92–95, 105, 107 Subject specialists, 49, 58 R T Reddit, 87 Reference, 5, 10, 14–15, 19–20, 23, 26–27, 29–30, 32–35, 39, 44, 54t, 58, 63, 65–66, 69t–70t, 72, 87–88, 92 Reference management software–EndNote, Zotero, Mendeley, 87–88 Resource sharing, 32 Risk assessment, 20 RSS, 10, 16t, 27, 87 TEACH, 94 Terms of use, 28, 30 Textbooks, 10, 18 Theses and dissertations, 10, 27, 32 Transfer of copyright, 33 Trends, 33, 49–50, 58, 60, 60b, 75, 86, 98 Twitter, 10, 16t, 86–88 S Scanning, 34, 58 Scholarly communication, 63, 10, 13t, 15, 28, 47, 51–52, 53t–54t, 55–57, 57b, 59, 69t–70t, 76, 93, 104 Section 108, 23–24, 33 Skill sets, 3, 48–49, 60, 65, 72–73 Social media Facebook, 119, 122 Ning, 86–87 Twitter, 10, 16t, 86–88 Special interest group (SIG), 81–82 Specialization, 64–65, 3–7, 7b, 9, 11, 20–21, 25, 39–46, 48–50, 52, 59–60, 60b, 64–66, 70–71, 76, 78–80, 85–86, 91–92, 104–105 U U.S Copyright Code Section 107,108,109,110, 23–24, 33, 52 Use of copyrighted works, 97 W Webinar, 15, 16t, 78, 80–82, 84 Websites, 51, 66–68, 87 WIPO See World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Work for hire, 76 World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), 2, 70, 79t, 83 Y YouTube, 25, 43 ... librarian Copyright advisor Copyright and instruction librarian Copyright and licensing advisor Copyright and scholarly communications librarian Copyright clearance officer Copyright librarian Copyright. .. States I am not aware of any courses specifically designed to address copyright education in Canadian LIS programs –Canada Because educational preparation is lacking or inadequate, the learning... in the areas of librarianship, archives, and records management Even more than a professional library degree, diplomas granted for legal studies are an alphabet soup of abbreviations, such as