THE QUEER GREEK WEIRD WAVE Ethics, Politics and the Crisis of Meaning MARIOS PSARAS The Queer Greek Weird Wave Marios Psaras The Queer Greek Weird Wave Ethics, Politics and the Crisis of Meaning Marios Psaras ISBN 978-3-319-40309-0 ISBN 978-3-319-40310-6 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-40310-6 (eBook) Library of Congress Control Number: 2016954569 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 This work is subject to copyright All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland To my family, the blood and the chosen ACKNOWLEDGMENTS An earlier version of the material on Hardcore that appears in Chap was published as Marios Psaras, ‘Soft Fantasies, Hardcore Realities: Greekness and the Death Drive in Dennis Iliades’s Hardcore’, in M. Photiou, T. Kazakopoulou and P. Phillis (eds), Contemporary Greek Film Cultures, Special Issue of Filmicon, 2, 2014, 133–155, and is reprinted here by kind permission of Filmicon An earlier version of the material on Strella/A Woman’s Way that appears in Chap was published as Marios Psaras, ‘No Country for Old Faggots: Breaking with the Parental Home and Exploring Queer Utopias in Panos Koutras’s Strella (2009)’, in Tonia Kazakopoulou and Mikela Fotiou (eds), Contemporary Greek Film Cultures from 1990 to the Present (Oxford: Peter Lang, 2016), and is reprinted here by kind permission of Peter Lang I would like to express a deep gratitude to my mentors Robert Gillett and Libby Saxton for the many inspirational conversations about film, ethics and queerness, their astute remarks on my text and for always pushing for clarification I am also grateful to Rosalind Galt and Lydia Papadimitriou for their helpful comments and insights on my doctoral thesis, from which this book was developed Finally, I am greatly indebted to a number of people that have surrounded me with unflagging support and encouragement—intellectual and personal—and without whom this book would not be possible: Stavros Makris, Christos Andreou, Alen Toplišek, Avgi Lilli, Maria Kountouri, Tonia Siamptani, Nandia Tomasidou, and of course my parents, Andreas and Pandelitsa Psaras This book is dedicated to them vii CONTENTS Introduction: The Meaning of the Crisis or the Crisis of Meaning Hardcore: Of the Death Drive 35 Dogtooth: Of Narrativity 63 Strella: Of Queer Utopias 93 Attenberg: Of (Dis-)Orientation 123 Alps: Of Hauntology 155 Boy Eating the Bird’s Food: Of Response-ability 185 Epilogue 217 Index 225 ix LIST Fig 2.1 Fig 2.2 Fig 2.3 Fig 2.4 Fig 2.5 Fig 2.6 Fig 3.1 Fig 3.2 Fig 3.3 Fig 3.4 Fig 3.5 Fig 3.6 Fig 4.1 Fig 4.2 Fig 4.3 Fig 4.4 Fig 4.5 Fig 4.6 Fig 5.1 Fig 5.2 Fig 5.3 Fig 5.4 Fig 5.5 Fig 5.6 Fig 6.1 Fig 6.2 OF FIGURES Blood-spattered Parthenon ‘Just like in “Beverly Hills”!’ ‘Tonight Martha has an identity; name: whore, surname: whore, address: whore’ An ordinary home ‘just like the rest of the world’ National campiness The returning image of the child Sex as a mechanism The dominant perspective of the patriarch The grotesque, yet terrorizing space of the family home ‘We have to be prepared … ’ Beyond desire: sex as an act of kinship Producing and performing familial time Glamorizing the transgender face Mania Lempesi impersonating Melina Mercouri as Stella ‘You know what they are called … transvestites’ The ephemeral and the utopian Strella impersonating Maria Callas as Tosca Reframing the familial space De-eroticizing and reclaiming the naked female body Revisiting sexuality: perhaps the weirdest kiss in screen history Aligning the body with permissible objects of desire Reframing sex, formally and thematically Between life and death: confined to a decaying familial space Inhabiting the intensity of the queer moment Coercion and submission In the margin, yet still within the contours of the social 36 44 47 49 55 60 67 68 72 73 80 86 94 103 109 112 113 116 124 128 141 143 147 152 156 161 xi xii LIST OF FIGURES Fig 6.3 Fig 6.4 Fig 6.5 Fig 6.6 Fig 7.1 Fig 7.2 Fig 7.3 Fig 7.4 Fig 7.5 Fig 7.6 Emerging from the sea like a ghost approaching menacingly Ghost among ghosts Stripped off any sense of identity, excluded from the realm of the social Our irreversible vulnerability to injury and loss Boy eating the bird’s food The camera and the boy’s physical proximity, yet emotional distance A nod to our perennial spectatorial position as ‘Peeping Toms’ Between victimhood and perpetration ‘What a beautiful voice.… You made me cry’ Among the rubble, yet still surviving, still struggling 164 165 176 181 186 199 204 207 211 212 CHAPTER Introduction: The Meaning of the Crisis or the Crisis of Meaning On December 2008 15-year-old student Alexis Grigoropoulos was killed in cold blood by an armed policeman in the Exarcheia area of central Athens Within hours angry protesters and demonstrators took to the streets of the Greek capital and put themselves at risk in violent confrontations with the police The demonstrations soon escalated into a massive series of nation-wide riots that lasted for more than three weeks, paired with solidarity demonstrations and riots in many cities around the world, from London to São Paolo Expressing ‘a general rage against state arbitrariness and police impunity’, as Kostis Kornetis observes (2010, p. 174), this unprecedented movement in the history of contemporary Greece history, later dubbed the ‘December Events’ of 2008, comprised protests ranging from peaceful sit-ins at Syntagma Square outside the Greek parliament, to the occupation of university buildings, daily clashes with the police and the indiscriminate destruction of public and private property The December Events drew heavily on the revolutionary rhetoric of past dissident movements, particularly of student movements both at home and abroad, such as the anti-dictatorial Polytechnic movement in Greece in 1973 and May ’68 in France, in the form of slogans, banners and graffiti that voiced such distinctive demands as ‘Bread, Education, Freedom’ and ‘We don’t ask for much, we want it all!’ However, as Kornetis argues, this polycephalous movement, which in no time managed to gather together such different and, to an extent, even opposing social groups as anarchists, teenagers, immigrants, hooligans, radical intellectuals and unspecified others, soon made clear its intentions to separate itself from the revolutionary © The Author(s) 2016 M Psaras, The Queer Greek Weird Wave, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-40310-6_1 226 INDEX 157, 158, 163, 165, 166, 171–4, 178, 182, 183, 185, 193, 195, 198, 200, 203–5, 208–10, 222 Bordwell, David, 25 Boy Eating the Bird’s Food/ To Agori Troei to Fagito tou Pouliou (2013), 29, 185–214 Brides, The (2004), 21 Butler, Judith, 28, 80–3, 130, 131, 139, 149, 166–9, 171, 173, 179–82, 186, 188–90, 196, 200, 223n1 C Cacoyannis, Michalis, 16, 30n4, 102, 103, 119n5 Callas, Maria, 93, 111, 113, 114 camp, 55–7, 111, 114, 115 Cannes Film Festival, 17, 30n6, 64 capitalism, 12, 27, 68, 69, 82, 84, 133, 219, 220, 222 Cassia, Paul Sant, 9, 10, 70 causality, 17, 25, 47, 133, 194, 213n1 Chalkou, Maria, 23, 27 Chouliaraki, Lilie, 200 Christmas, 53, 54, 57, 93, 96, 116, 117, 119 clientelism, 10 compulsory heterosexuality, 68 contingency, 5, 8, 71, 83, 159, 221 Cooper, Sarah, 187 crisis, 1–31, 42, 83, 95, 125, 134, 186, 192, 198, 200, 206, 211, 218, 220, 222 D Dalianidis, Yannis, 17 Dardenne, Jean-Pierre and Luc, 31n8, 187 Davis, Colin, 159, 160, 183 de Lauretis, Teresa, 41, 70 Dean, Tim, 58 debtocracy, 42, 61n3 Deleuze, Gilles, 145, 194, 213n1, 217 democracy, Derrida, Jacques, 182, 183 dictatorship, 20, 30n3, 108 disavowal, 144, 205 disposability, 166, 168 dispossession, 28, 166–9, 171, 188–90, 192, 220 distanciation, 25, 201 Dogme 95, 201, 203 Dogtooth/ Kynodontas (2009), 4, 23, 24, 28, 31n11, 63–90, 125, 128, 141, 156, 157, 160, 161, 173, 181, 217, 218, 221, 222 Downing, Lisa, 59, 60 drag, 102, 104, 111, 114, 115, 120n6 Dyer, Richard, 117 E Edelman, Lee, 40, 41, 49, 50, 52, 58, 61n4, 89, 218, 222 Child, 50, 52, 61n4, 61n5, 218 negativity, 40, 50, 52, 58 reproductive futurism, 49–51, 58, 61n4, 61n5 sinthomosexual, 49, 50, 52, 57, 60, 61n4 Eleftheriotis, Dimitris, 22 El Greco (2007), 21 emancipation, 23, 118 ethics, 10, 13, 79, 97, 107, 115, 159, 187, 190, 193, 196, 198, 202, 206, 210, 222 Europe, 3, 19 eurozone, 3, 21 excess, 18, 24, 40, 50, 57, 59, 93, 114, 136, 153, 180, 202 Eyes Wide Shut (1999), 46 INDEX F family, 5–13, 17, 22, 24, 28, 29, 37, 38, 42, 45–9, 51, 52, 61n5, 64–73, 75–8, 81, 84–8, 90n1, 94, 96, 97, 101, 102, 104, 106, 110, 117, 119, 125, 126, 129, 131, 134, 145–7, 156, 157, 189, 192, 210, 213, 218, 219, 222, 223 fantasy, 38–41, 43–6, 49–53, 55, 57–60, 96, 102, 142, 166, 192, 201, 220, 221 ‘Fatherland, Religion, Family’, 5–13, 84 Faubion, James, 106, 107 femininity, 19, 93, 94, 132, 140, 152 fetishization, 10, 85, 106, 166, 220 Foucault, Michel, 179 freedom, 1, 69, 70, 89n1, 101 fustanella genre, 105, 120n7 G Galt, Rosalind, 27, 31n9, 31n11, 218, 219 gaze, 16, 17, 22, 30n5, 30n6, 35, 46, 103, 104, 117, 119, 125, 138, 155, 174, 178, 179, 198, 204, 207, 209, 210, 220 Gazi, Effi, gender, 9, 12, 15–17, 30n4, 37, 56, 61n4, 68, 70, 83, 84, 97–9, 101, 103, 104, 115, 119, 139–41, 146, 151, 158, 159, 168, 169, 172, 173, 182, 191, 221 Ginsborg, Paul, 76–8 Gourgouris, Stathis, 2, 6, 21 governmentality, 42, 167, 188, 223n1 Greece, 1, 3–8, 10–12, 14, 16–18, 20–4, 26–8, 36, 51, 55, 61n3, 69, 70, 84, 85, 90n2, 97, 98, 104, 125, 134, 185 227 Greekness, vii, 5, 8, 12, 15, 20–2, 56, 84, 94, 101, 104, 110, 115, 120n7 H Hadjikyriacou, Achilleas, 103, 104 Harbord, Janet, 135–8, 145, 146, 151, 194, 218, 220, 221 Hardcore (2004), 22, 28, 35–61, 74, 116, 125, 218, 221, 222 hauntology, 28, 155–83 Heidegger, Martin, 101, 129 heteronormativity, 27, 89, 132, 191, 222 Higson, Andrew, 13, 14 Hollywood, 14, 16, 17, 79, 80, 88, 90n4, 119n5 home, 1, 18, 42, 45, 46, 49, 64–6, 68, 72, 78, 86–8, 95, 103, 111, 119, 125, 126, 129, 132, 144, 145, 148–50, 157, 174, 175, 185, 194, 195, 202, 218 Homeland (2010), 4, 22, 119, 126 home-videos, 65, 68, 86, 88 homonormativity, 26, 37, 89n1, 100, 101 homophobia, 98, 168 ‘Homo-pomo’, 95 hope, 50, 99, 101, 107, 110, 117–19, 170, 171, 181 Horton, Andrew, 20 human, 43, 69, 73, 87, 89n1, 107, 118, 123, 124, 126, 128, 133, 135, 141–3, 146, 151, 156, 157, 162, 168, 169, 174, 178, 180–3, 185, 189, 191, 192, 196, 210–12, 222 humanism, 188 Husserl, Edmund, 130 228 INDEX I idealism, 99, 101 identification, 173, 190, 206 identity, 2, 4–8, 11–13, 15, 20, 27, 41, 46, 47, 56, 68, 75, 88, 89n1, 97, 98, 100, 149, 151, 157, 158, 163, 166, 172–4, 176, 177, 182, 189, 190, 209, 210, 212, 219, 221 ideology, 7, 12–15, 18, 50, 59, 61n5, 69, 70, 77 Iliadis, Dennis, vii, 22, 28, 35, 37 illusionism, 74, 111, 161, 221 incest, 17, 38, 64, 79–83, 88, 90n3, 109, 110, 119, 144, 153n2, 220, 222 indeterminacy, 124, 219, 220 inertia, 137, 138, 145, 151, 220 Ingram, Gordon Brent, 39–41, 45 intelligibility, 80, 159, 167, 171, 172, 182, 183, 190, 191 interdependency, 168, 169, 191, 192, 208, 209, 212, 213 intersubjectivity, 202 intertextuality, 202 Irigaray, Luce, 82 irony, 29n1, 42, 76, 93, 107, 116, 134, 146 J Jameson, Fredric, 117, 118 Jusdanis, Gregory, 5, K Kanellopoulos, Takis, 17 Karalis, Vrasidas, 14–18, 21, 22, 30n3, 105–7 Karlovy Vary Film Festival, 187 katharevousa, 6, 88 kinship, 5, 9–12, 64, 68–70, 76, 80–4, 86, 158, 170 Koraïs, Adamantios, 6, Kornetis, Kostis, 1, ‘Koukles’, 104, 107, 111, 113–15, 120n6 Koumandaraki, Anna, 7, 10–12, 29n1 Koutras, Panos H., 94–7, 102, 109, 111, 115, 120n6 L Lacan, Jacques, 39, 80, 87, 174 Lanthimos, Yorgos, 4, 64, 65, 67, 68, 73–5, 79, 82, 125, 155, 157–63, 171, 172, 174, 176, 185, 217, 218 Law of the Father, 38, 80, 82, 87 Levinas, Emmanuel, 169, 180, 190, 196, 197 altericide, 197 ethical encounter, 197, 198 prohibition against, 196, 197; representation, 196, 197 ‘visage’ or face of the Other, 196, 200 Lorna’s Silence (2008), 187 loss, 17, 70, 106, 131, 147–50, 157, 160, 162, 165, 169, 170, 180, 181, 190 Lygizos, Ektoras, 185, 187, 188, 193, 204, 205, 208 M marginalization, 15, 40, 45, 115 marriage, 9, 61n5, 69, 77, 89n1, 90n1, 100, 101, 103 Mbembe, Achille, 168 meaning, 1–31, 41, 50, 57, 58, 63, 64, 70, 74, 76, 89, 96, 99, 115, 137, 148, 153n2, 183, 193, 196, 217–22 meaninglessness, 8, 64, 76, 89, 134, 219, 222 INDEX Mercouri, Melina, 102, 103, 114, 120n6 Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 138 metaphor, 8, 28, 76, 78, 84, 195 mobility, 17, 20, 124, 134, 137, 143, 144 modernity, 5, 8, 84, 105 Montreal Film Festival, 187 movement, 1, 2, 4–6, 18–20, 41, 59, 60, 65, 88, 104, 133, 135–9, 141, 144–6, 148, 149, 151, 153, 162, 178, 194, 195, 201, 203, 204, 208, 210, 213n1, 218 Mulvey, Laura, 104, 119n5 Muñoz, Jose-Esteban, 28, 94, 96, 99–101, 111, 114, 118, 119n4, 219 abstract utopias, 99 affective surplus, 99, 111, 115, 220 astonishment, 114, 223 concrete utopias, 102 ‘flickering illuminations’, 101, 102, 105, 111, 115, 119 N narcissism, 91, 192 narrative, 5, 6, 8, 16, 17, 23, 25, 27, 28, 35–8, 40, 41, 43, 46, 47, 51, 52, 57, 58, 64, 70, 74, 76, 78, 79, 81, 83, 84, 89, 95, 104, 105, 108, 115, 119n5, 124, 126, 135, 146, 153n3, 156, 159, 160, 169, 171, 179, 183, 187, 192, 194, 197, 198, 200, 206, 208–10, 213n1, 217–21 narrativity, 27, 28, 63–90, 219, 221 nation, 1, 5–15, 17, 28, 29, 53, 56, 57, 69, 70, 76–8, 84, 85, 88, 88n1, 101, 102, 126, 134, 157, 192, 212, 213 national cinema, 13 229 nationalism, 5, 7, 8, 12, 27, 29n1, 36, 69, 84, 89, 133, 220, 222 nation-state, 6, 7, 11–13, 69, 76, 77, 84, 90n1, 101 necropolitics, 168 NEK See New Greek Cinema (NEK) Neohellenic Enlightenment, neoliberalism, 222 New Greek Cinema (NEK), 18 New Queer Cinema, 94, 95, 102, 104, 119n2 ‘nikokirei’, 9–11, 70 Nikolaidou, Afroditi, 24, 26, 27 non-altericidal filmic strategies, 210 norms, 80, 81, 104, 131, 158, 167, 169, 180–2, 190, 210 O Oedipal myth, 102 Oedipus, 119 The Ogre of Athens/ O Drakos (1956), 16 Orphanou, Mina, 93 Orthodox Church, 6, 7, 9, 12, 13, 15, 29n1, 61n5, 70, 84, 211, 219 other, 4, 6–8, 13–16, 18, 20, 21, 23, 26, 27, 37–41, 43, 45, 46, 52–4, 57, 58, 63, 67, 69, 70, 73, 75, 77, 78, 81, 82, 84, 87, 89, 99, 101, 102, 105–7, 110, 111, 113, 114, 117, 123, 126–30, 137, 139, 140, 144, 145, 148–52, 156–9, 166–9, 171, 172, 181, 182, 187, 189, 190, 192–8, 201–4, 210, 213, 221 otherness, 117, 159, 189, 196–8 P Panopticon, 178 230 INDEX Papadimitriou, Lydia, vii, 13, 14, 16, 19–21, 23, 27 Papanicolaou, Dimitris, 23, 97 parody, 16, 38, 53, 142, 152, 153, 173, 211 patriarchy, 11, 17, 27, 68, 70, 82–4, 89, 94, 103, 106, 109, 132, 141, 159, 220, 222 Pavsek, Christopher, 117, 118 performativity, 82, 84–6, 131, 142, 157, 172, 173, 177, 221 phenomenology affect, 40, 77, 99, 114, 137, 194 directionality, 136 disorientation, 48, 108, 112, 129, 132, 137, 140, 146, 148, 149, 151, 153, 219 embodiment, 38, 47, 57, 59, 145, 148, 150, 183, 222 intentionality, 129, 145, 196 orientation, 123–53 Pidduck, Julianne, 86 Politiki Kouzina/A Touch of Spice (2003), 21 post-humanism, 209, 212 post-identity, 190, 210 post-structuralism, 82, 100 Poupou, Anna, 25, 26, 30n8 power, 7, 10–12, 29n1, 68–71, 76, 77, 79, 86, 97, 115, 135, 157, 168, 178, 179, 185, 189, 190, 201, 213, 214n4 precarity, 168, 169, 174, 176, 180, 190–2, 210, 213 productivity, 136, 194, 220, 222 psychoanalysis, 28, 36, 38, 39, 59, 60 death drive, vii, 31n10, 35–61, 99 desire, 9, 18, 19, 26, 28, 35, 36, 38–41, 45, 46, 49, 51, 52, 68, 80–2, 97, 98, 100, 104, 105, 119, 124, 126, 128, 132, 138, 140–2, 152, 163, 174, 183, 198, 201, 205, 206, 217, 221 Imaginary, 8, 22, 40, 41, 45, 50, 53, 71, 87, 96, 117, 201, 218, 220 interpellation, 89, 149 jouissance, 39, 47, 50, 57, 59 Real, 15, 43, 47, 50, 66, 80, 81, 96, 111, 118, 200–2, 205, 222 signifier, 41, 52, 87, 89, 108, 119, 149, 166, 221 subjectivation, 41, 87, 89, 149, 171, 172, 190 Symbolic Order, 38–40, 53, 80, 87, 89, 119 symbolization, 165, 166, 174 Q queer aesthetics, 99 ethics, 97, 107, 115, 187, 222 hermeneutics, 99 politics, 3, 8, 10, 18, 40, 41, 49, 50, 53, 69, 76, 77, 98, 100, 101, 125, 129, 131, 149, 189, 190, 192, 206, 209, 210, 222 queerness, vii, 40, 41, 45, 50, 89, 94–6, 98–101, 110, 111, 115, 118, 191, 220 R racism, 168, 192 realism, 16, 38, 66, 160, 172, 187, 192, 206, 210 recognition, 2, 28, 89n1, 110, 168, 169, 171, 176, 180–3, 213 referentiality, 20, 24, 27, 219 relationality, 37, 60, 89, 96, 99, 100, 139, 157, 167, 168, 189, 190 INDEX repetition, 24, 25, 65, 83, 85, 130, 131, 139, 142, 149, 153, 173, 218, 221 representation over representation, 24, 189, 200, 203 under representation, 203 resistance, 2, 60, 98, 103, 117, 119n4, 131, 132, 151, 153, 162, 185, 188, 189, 191, 200, 202, 203, 213 responsibility, 3, 29, 77, 159, 168, 179, 188, 190–2, 196, 197, 201, 202, 206, 208–10, 212 Rich, Ruby, 119n2 Rose, Steve, 4, 23, 125, 127, 152 Rosetta (1999), 187 S Saxton, Libby, 196, 197, 200, 202, 214n3, 214n4 self, 2, 3, 5, 11, 14, 15, 17–21, 29, 30n3, 37, 39, 47, 48, 51, 53, 57, 58, 71, 84, 85, 89, 93, 95, 97, 106, 111, 114, 126, 133, 159, 167–9, 171–3, 177, 181–3, 185, 188, 190, 192, 195, 197, 201–4, 206, 208, 210, 221, 223n1 self-reflexivity, 188, 201, 202 sex, 18, 30n5, 45, 50, 61n4, 65, 66–9, 80, 83–5, 88, 89n1, 97, 98, 125, 128, 132, 138, 140–3, 147, 159, 172–4, 205 sexuality, 16, 18, 30n4, 30n5, 37, 41, 56, 61n4, 69, 81, 98, 99, 101, 119n4, 126, 128, 129, 139–42, 146, 151, 168, 169, 191 Shoah (1985), 197 signification, 87–9, 152 Sky, Ouranos (1962), 17, 54, 97 sociality, 37, 61n4, 139, 190, 191, 210 solidarity, 1, 190, 192, 210 231 Sontag, Susan, 200–2, 206 Sophocles, 80, 81, 110 space, 8, 12–15, 17, 20, 25–8, 30n4, 36–41, 45, 46, 65, 66, 68–70, 72, 81, 84, 87, 98, 101–8, 112, 114–16, 125–43, 145–8, 151–3, 158–60, 162, 165, 169–72, 175, 177, 182, 183, 186, 192, 194, 195, 198, 204, 210, 211, 213, 214n3, 217–21 spectatorship, 186, 188, 196, 197, 201, 202, 204, 205 stasima, 152, 153n3 stasis, 124, 134, 137, 143–5 Stella (1955), 16, 102–4, 120n6 subjectivity, 28, 51, 56, 60, 69, 70, 87–9, 90n4, 144, 149, 157, 167, 183, 202, 210 Suddenly/Tan de repente (2002), 27 suffering, 157, 158, 185, 188, 192, 193, 196, 198, 200–3, 205, 206, 210 surrealism, 16 surveillance, 16, 178 T tableaux, 20, 135–7, 144–6 Thessaloniki Film Festival, 18, 187 time, 1–3, 6–8, 13, 17, 18, 20–2, 25–8, 36–8, 40, 41, 46, 48, 52, 53, 56–8, 64, 65, 66, 68, 71–7, 79, 82–9, 95, 96, 100, 101, 105–7, 110, 112, 114, 117, 119n5, 120n7, 123, 127–36, 138, 139, 143–9, 151, 157, 159, 166, 170, 173, 174, 177, 180, 186–9, 192–4, 198–200, 203, 205, 206, 208, 209, 212, 213n1, 217–21 Toronto Film Festival, 187 transnational cinema, 13, 14, 20, 63, 95 232 INDEX transsexual, 18, 104 Troika, Tsangaris, Athina–Rachel, 4, 28, 123 Tyrer, Ben, 87, 88 U unnameability, 189, 209 urbanization, 10–12, 105 utopia, 50, 95, 96, 99–101, 111, 114, 115, 117, 118 V Venice Film Festival, 155 verisimilitude, 96, 160, 161, 172 victimization, 29, 107, 186, 188, 189, 200, 203, 206, 208 violence, 5, 17, 37, 45, 48, 49, 51, 65, 96, 151, 158, 159, 167–9, 174, 177, 178, 181, 188, 189, 196, 200–2, 203, 220 vulnerability, 39, 167–9, 180, 181, 187, 188, 190, 191, 203, 210, 213 W Walldén, Rea, 19 War of Independence, 6, Wasted Youth (2011), weird, 4, 5, 22–9, 65, 78, 125, 166, 183, 200, 218, 219, 222 A Woman’s Way/ Strella (2009), 24, 93 Wong, Kar-Wai, 47 Z Zižek, Slavoj, 39, 160, 165, 174, 183, 205 .. .The Queer Greek Weird Wave Marios Psaras The Queer Greek Weird Wave Ethics, Politics and the Crisis of Meaning Marios Psaras ISBN 978-3-319-40309-0... itself from the revolutionary © The Author(s) 2016 M Psaras, The Queer Greek Weird Wave, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-40310-6_1 M PSARAS legacy of the past, conveying ‘an anti-heroic tone and a rather critical... p. 226), not only for the fighters of the Greek War of Independence but INTRODUCTION: THE MEANING OF THE CRISIS OR THE CRISIS OF MEANING also for the future Greek citizens, thus laying the ideological