Danilo Domingues Millen Mario De Beni Arrigoni Rodrigo Dias Lauritano Pacheco Editors Rumenology Rumenology Danilo Domingues Millen • Mario De Beni Arrigoni Rodrigo Dias Lauritano Pacheco Editors Rumenology Editors Danilo Domingues Millen Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) Dracena, São Paulo, Brazil Mario De Beni Arrigoni Breeding and Animal Nutrition Department Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil Rodrigo Dias Lauritano Pacheco Mato Grosso State Agricultural Research and Extension Company (EMPAER) Várzea Grande, Mato Grosso, Brazil ISBN 978-3-319-30531-8 ISBN 978-3-319-30533-2 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-30533-2 (eBook) Library of Congress Control Number: 2016935854 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland We would like to dedicate this book to everybody who is passionate about the rumen Foreword Ruminants thrive from the tropics to the Arctic Circle and serve mankind by making “something from nothing.” By readily harvesting and digesting diverse forage resources from inaccessible and nonarable land and forests, and converting otherwise wasted agricultural and industrial by-products and low-cost grain surpluses into milk, meat, and fiber, ruminants make products that are highly prized by humans worldwide For optimum economic efficiency of production, ruminant producers must assure that both the host ruminant and the microbial population within the rumen receive an adequate but not excessive supply of essential nutrients and energy, appropriate rumen modifiers, and proper animal care, management, and attention to maintain health and productivity This text includes information and concepts compiled by specialists in microbiology, rumen function, and animal health around the globe It is intended to supply both students and livestock producers with a framework in rumenology that when applied will help make ruminants more productive and sustainable by enhancing the efficiency of conversion of energy and nutrients from land devoted to either grazing or crop production into useful and valued products while minimizing the adverse effects of ruminant production on the environment Fredric N Owens vii Preface The motivation for writing and organizing the Rumenology book was based on the lack of literature that reunited all basic and detailed information focusing only on the rumen itself In order to accomplish this tough task, we invited some of the most renowned “Rumenologists” in the world to write some of the chapters, such as Dr Fred Owens, Dr TG Nagaraja, and Dr Clint Krehbiel Moreover, this book was organized to support graduate and undergraduate students, as well as scientists, in theirs studies involving the rumen in several disciplines, such as anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, microbiology, digestive metabolism, and animal nutrition The book starts describing basic features of the rumen like anatomy and physiology and ends showing how rumen models and metabolism studies may play an important role to explore and understand the ruminal dynamics In addition, chapters from to 11 were organized on purpose in a sequence to make the learning process easier The Rumenology book will provide to the reader all the basic aspects related to the rumen, and it will help and encourage students and scientists to further understand this fantastic compartment Dracena, São Paulo, Brazil Danilo Domingues Millen ix .. .Rumenology Danilo Domingues Millen • Mario De Beni Arrigoni Rodrigo Dias Lauritano Pacheco Editors Rumenology Editors Danilo Domingues Millen Sao... around the globe It is intended to supply both students and livestock producers with a framework in rumenology that when applied will help make ruminants more productive and sustainable by enhancing... production on the environment Fredric N Owens vii Preface The motivation for writing and organizing the Rumenology book was based on the lack of literature that reunited all basic and detailed information