Diagnostic Testing Solutions for Power Transformers Prevention is Better than Cure - Know More About manufacturing commissioning mechanical impacts >transportation > event >post > fault event >seismic > activity event >etc > transformer condition 100 % Keep your transformer in with testing testing during manufacturing factory acceptance testing commissioning acceptance testing > periodic testing > testing after an event - relocation, protection trip and subsequent preventive Taking the right action at the right time maintain OLTC >corroded > contacts >diverter > switch >motor > & brake the Condition of Your Transformer operation replacement factors causing deterioration aging >overloading > >overheating > >moisture > protection problems >protection > underfunction >protection > failure good condition or warning, overcurrent, overvoltage, earthquake actions transformer life expectancy replace parts >bushings > >surge > arresters >gaskets > >pumps, > fans, etc Processing of insulation >degassing > of fluid >retrofilling > >drying > of transformer >passivators > or inhibitors Transformer Parts and Their Possible Faults Part Bushings Bushing CTs Insulation materials Leads OLTC Windings Core Surge arresters Dielectric response analysis instrument: see pages 22-23 Frequency response analysis instrument: see pages 24-25 Partial discharge analysis system: see pages 26-29 Current transformer testing instrument: see CT Analyzer brochure Capacitance, dissipation factor / power factor at 50 Hz or 60 Hz Short circuit impedance / leakage reactance Transformer ratio Exciting current DC winding resistance Power factor / dissipation factor Tip up test Variable frequency power factor / dissipation factor Frequency response of stray losses Dynamic resistance Watt-loss and current measurement Dielectric response analysis Frequency response analysis Partial discharge analysis Current transformer analysis Transformer diagnostic set: see pages 6-21 Faults detectable Partial breakdown between capacitive graded layers, cracks in resin-bonded insulation Aging and moisture Open or compromised measuring tap connection Partial discharges in insulation Loss of oil in an oil-filled bushing Current ratio or phase error considering burden, excessive residual magnetism, non-compliance to relevant IEEE or IEC standard Moisture in solid insulation Aging, moisture, contamination of insulation fluids Partial discharges Contact problems Mechanical deformation Contact problems in tap selector and at diverter switch Open circuit, shorted turns, or high resistance connections in the OLTC preventative autotransformer, series autotransformer or series transformer Contact problems in the DETC Short circuits between windings or between turns Strand-to-strand short-circuits Open circuits in parallel strands Short circuit to ground Mechanical deformation Contact problems, open circuits Mechanical deformation Floating core ground Shorted core laminates Deterioration and aging Measurement x x x x x x x x x x x x x x1 x x1 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x2 x x2 x x x Notes: 1) Power factor / dissipation factor measurements at 50 Hz or 60 Hz can detect high moisture contents, but have a blind spot for low moisture contents Measuring power factor / dissipation factor at lower frequencies, such as 15 Hz, improves sensitivity The most sensitive method to determine moisture in solid insulation is dielectric response analysis 2) If the core ground can be opened All in One: the Multi-Functional Transformer Test DC winding resistance measurement instrument winding resistance I V RHV RLV TR Leakage reactance/short-circuit impedance measurement instrument mechanical ? I V TR Frequency response of stray losses measurement instrument winding strands I V TR + more substation diagnostics >> Ground impedance measurement >> Line impedance and ground factor measurement >> Resistance measurement >> Primary relay testing Output Measurement Precision 12 kV V, I, P, Q, S output signal digitally generated CPC 100: 800 AAC Cp: pF ‑ µF Cp measurement: > Current transformer testing >> Voltage transformer testing of units Power supply High voltage cable Trolley 29 kg / 65 lbs 110 - 240 V 20 m / 65 feet to conveniently transport: 26 kg / 56 lbs 50 - 60 Hz double screen 16 A insulation supervision CPC 100, CP TD1, measurement cable, high voltage cable IC Measuring Capacitance & Power Factor / Dissipation Surge arresters Bushings OLTC Leads Insulation materials Windings Core Damaged TR after Capacitance and power factor / dissipation factor (PF / DF) measurements are performed to investigate the condition of bushings as well as the transformer overall insulation Aging and decomposition of the insulation, or the ingress of water, increase the energy that is turned into heat in the insulation The level of this dissipation is measured by the PF / DF On surge arresters, currents and watt losses of identical units can be compared Deviations may indicate aging effects, poor contacts or open circuits between elements Capacitance values of bushings show if there have been breakdowns between capacitive layers For resin bonded paper bushings, cracks into which oil has leaked, can also change the value of the capacitance Typical loss shapes in 15 - 400 Hz range polarization losses A rise in capacitance of more than 10 % is normally considered to be dangerous, since it indicates that a part of the insulation distance is already compromised and the dielectric stress to the remaining insulation is too high Capacitive layers conductive losses equivalent circuits *) Preventing bushings from exploding center conductor Increased heat dissipation accelerates the aging of the insulation If an aged insulation can no longer withstand the electrical stress, bushings explode typical loss shapes CI CJ Better understanding of losses f At line frequency, conductive losses can be represented with a parallel equivalent circuit Polarization losses can be represented by a series equivalent circuit consisting of an ideal capacitor and a resistor f superposition of both effects Increased losses may pass a test at line frequency unnoticed, leaving the tester unaware of an insulation in distress Measuring the DF / PF over a broad frequency range helps to better understand both types of losses f Factor bushing explosion How does it work? How can results be confirmed? High voltage is applied to the insulation to be tested, i.e the bushing tip, and a low loss reference capacitor (integrated in CP TD1) is connected in parallel The currents flowing through the insulation and through the reference capacitor are measured and the time difference between their zero crossings is determined The loss angle d is then calculated from this time difference The tangent of this angle is the dissipation factor The cosine of the angle between voltage and current is the power factor Results are compared with values given in IEEE C57.10.01 and IEC 60137, and can be compared with a base measurement, another phase, or a sister transformer Type RIP OIP RBP Resin impregnated paper Oil impregnated paper Resin bonded paper Dissipation factor / power factor in % *) Insulation in bushings IEC 60137 < 0.70 < 0.70 < 1.50 If values deviate more than indicated by the standards, then dielectric response analysis can be performed to check for increased moisture Chemical tests can be performed to verify the quality of the insulation fluid (DGA, dielectric breakdown strength, interfacial tension, etc.) Measuring the power factor / dissipation factor of the insulation fluid can also be done with a CPC 100 accessory, the CP TC12 oil test cell OIP bushing: PF / DF tip up test CA grounded layer and tap electrode on flange OIP bushing: PF / DF variable frequency test IEEE C57.10.01 Typical new values < 0.85 < 0.50 < 2.00 0.3 - 0.4 0.2 - 0.4 0.5 - 0.6 *) at 50 / 60 Hz and 20 °C Measuring Capacitance & Power Factor / Dissipation Power factor / dissipation factor (PF / DF) measurement indicates the condition of the liquid and solid insulation within a transformer Energize HV to measure CH + CHL | CH | CHL, then energize LV to measure Power and accuracy The CPC 100 / CP TD1 can measure capacitance and PF / DF (tan δ) in laboratories, test fields and on site A powerful test voltage source (12 kV, 100 mA continuous, 300 mA short-term load current) with variable frequency (15 - 400 Hz), combined with high accuracy measuring inputs allows fast, effective and accurate measurements Prepared test procedures can guide the user through the testing process and offer a basis for comprehensive reporting Modular equipment LV The modular equipment (CPC 100: 29 kg / 65 lbs, CP TD1: 26 kg / 56 lbs) can be easily transported thanks to its sturdy cases, which can also be used to place the instruments onto them for working at a comfortable height, as shown on page 12 IN A CL For convenient transport or mobile use such as in test fields or in substations/power plants, the instruments can be mounted onto a trolley The CPC 100 is used to control the test, i.e.: >> entering the voltage and frequency values where C and cos j / tan d shall be measured >> starting and stopping the test >> supervising the measurement progress and intermediate results >> storing results on flash disk and USB memory stick Power factor / dissipation factor tip up results The CP TD1 includes >> a high voltage step-up transformer >> a reference capacitor (pressurized gas type) >> the unit to measure and compare currents in amplitude and phase 10 Measuring Short Circuit Impedance / Leakage Reactance Surge arresters Bushings OLTC Leads Insulation materials Windings Core Regional The measurement is performed for assessing possible damage/displacement of windings Measurements are compared over time or by comparing phases In case of a short-circuit, forces work towards the core for the inner winding and away from the core for the outer winding If these forces affect the placement of windings, the leakage flux will change In particular, short circuits between parallel strands of Continuously Transposed Conductors (CTCs), and local overheating due to excessive eddy current losses linked by the stray flux can be detected Numerous incidents exist of asset managers investigating the reason why their transformer is gassing even though all standard electrical tests show acceptable results This illustrates that their tools not cover all trouble and failure possibilities Measuring frequency response of stray losses The Frequency Response of Stray Losses of each phase will be nearly identical if all phases are in good condition An increase in frequency will result in an increase in impedance as the skin effect becomes more pronounced Just like measuring leakage reactance or short circuit impedance at power system frequency, the CPC 100 measures leakage reactance, or short circuit impedance, across a frequency range of 15 - 400 Hz, as defined by the user It applies AC voltage to the high voltage winding, with the low voltage winding shortcircuited It then measures the load current in amplitude and phase and calculates the impedance The measurement is performed for each transformer phase The user then compares results across phases and / or over time 18 & Frequency Response of Stray Losses overheating How does it work? How can results be confirmed? An AC source is connected to each phase of the HV winding with the corresponding LV winding shorted The current and the voltage across the HV winding are measured in amplitude and phase, and the short circuit impedance is calculated Short-circuit impedance measurements should ideally be performed over a range of frequencies, commonly known as Frequency Response of Stray Losses Here, the AC source features variable frequency After source current and voltage have been measured across the HV winding, the stray losses are represented by the inductive part of the short circuit impedance at higher frequencies Leakage reactance: deviations of more than % ought to be investigated with other tests such as FRA Differences between phases are usually less than % Deviations of more than % are considered significant Frequency response of stray losses (FRSL) results can be cross-checked with PD measurement, FRA, and DGA If parallel strands are shorted, higher losses in the stray channel will cause high internal temperatures, normally indicated by a DGA The gas signature is not unique and does not provide the identification of the root cause, however FRSL is unique in this respect Leakage flux force direction Your Benefits Leakage flux >> a perfect digitally generated sine wave test signal that is independent from power quality >> additional diagnostic information through the measurement of the leakage reactance or short circuit impedance at several frequencies HV LV LV HV >> variable frequency for measurements outside mains frequency for noise suppression, if selected by the user >> accuracy and safety FRSL test results with faulty phase C >> automatic reporting of all measured values >> display of result as Z and Φ, R and X, or R and L >> graphical results representation 19 CPC 100 / CP TD1 - Operation According to Individual Manual front panel operation Directly setting output values Result representation on PC / laptop Test cards dedicated to specific tests Result representation in MS Excel Operating CPC 100 / CP TD1 manually provides results with minimal training – perfect for users operating the devices occasionally Operating directly through the device, the user just selects the output to be used, the measurement to be made and performs it by pressing the green button Users can measure exactly the way they consider best by using the device in this way Front panel operation supported by test cards Dedicated test cards help when performing frequent applications conveniently and efficiently The cards contain predefined procedures, dedicated to specific applications (for example power factor / dissipation factor, winding resistance and tap changer test, ratio measurement, etc.) Several test cards can be combined to form an entire test plan for a power system apparatus (e.g a power transformer), guiding the user through the measurement 20 Reporting Performed tests can be saved and are the basis for comprehensive reports For customized reporting, all data belonging to the measurement, including settings, results, and administrative information such as date & time, filename, etc can also be imported to MS Excel OMICRON provides templates containing typical test procedures for power system apparatus, providing guidance during the measurement and conveniently and quickly producing comprehensive result representations in MS Excel Test reports can automatically be entered into customer-specific sheets and further content, for example company logos, can be added Test preparation on PC Tests can also be prepared in the office on a PC or laptop - without the CPC 100, with which the test will later be executed at site, step by step Needs PC control and application management with PTM Primary Test Manager main screen Asset management Dynamic test plan generation Primary Test Manager (PTM) and reducing the risk of errors The test procedure can easily be adapted by selecting / de-selecting elements Primary Test Manager (PTM) software supports the users’ workflow during diagnostic testing The user can define and manage test objects, create test plans, Guidance through testing During the measurement, PTM perform measurements, and generate enables the user to directly control reports PTM manages the entire workflow the test instrument from a PC or during testing, guiding the user through laptop Clear connection schemes the process step-by-step help the user to make correct Asset management connections and to avoid errors PTM supports the administration of The test progress is visible in the asset data of power transformers: test table throughout the test general identifying characteristics like Reporting location, manufacturer, production After the tests, reports can be date, serial numbers, etc can be generated at any time for any entered just like electrical data such of the measurements made as number of windings, voltage and previously The report content power ratings, vector group, etc is flexible and customizable Customer specific report forms can Dynamic test plan generation be generated and other elements Based on the electrical data of the can be added, such as company apparatus (such as vector group logos or bushing type), PTM generates a plan of diagnostic measurements to be performed in accordance with industry standards, thus saving time 21 Guidance through testing Result representation in PTM Dielectric Response Analysis of Power Transformers and Bushings OLTC Leads Insulation materials Windings Typical shape of Core Dielectric response analysis is used to assess the water content of the solid insulation (cellulose) and thus periodically monitor its condition Knowing the water content is important for the condition assessment of transformer bushings and the transformer in its entirety In the factory, this measurement is used at the end of production to control the drying procress and to assure low moisture after drying Dissipation factor Surge arresters high 0,1 Moist Insula Oil co low l 0,01 0,001 0,001 Hz Verifying the insulation condition with DIRANA Displaying the dissipation factor over a wide frequency range provides insight into the specific properties of the oil, the geometry of the solid insulation in the form of spacers and barriers, and the condition of the solid insulation itself This is the only method that can - non-invasively - directly measure the actual moisture content in the solid insulation The method is scientifically approved by CIGRÉ Aging threshold values as defined in IEC 60422 allow for an automatic insulation condition assessment and corresponding recommendations for further actions such as transformer drying OMICRON’s DIRANA can measure dielectric response over an extremely wide frequency range (10 µHz - kHz) It minimizes testing time by combining frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS) at high frequencies and polarization and depolarization current measurement (PDC) at low frequencies DIRANA also displays the polarization index (PI) based on FDS/PDC measurement It thus replaces measuring insulation resistance, delivering the same information, but being more accurate for moisture determination Testing time is further minimized by simulaneously measuring through two channels, and the application of an intelligent curve recognition Measurements are ended automatically as soon as the typical shape of the curve, including the hump, indicates that all relevant points have been measured 22 Bushings dielectric response ture and aging of cellulose ation Geometry onductivity How can results be confirmed? If the dissipation factor of a transformer is plotted against a wide frequency range, the resulting dielectric response curve contains information on the insulation condition The very low and the high sections contain information on moisture and aging in the solid insulation, while the position of the slope in the mid range frequencies indicates the conductivity of the liquid insulation high low Hz How does it work? high low 1000 Hz This curve is compared to model curves to evaluate aging, particularly for assessing the moisture content in the insulation There are no other non-invasive ways to assess moisture in a transformer; dielectric response analysis is unique in this respect The Karl Fischer titration method can determine moisture content in oil or in paper, but has several disadvantages For instance, to determine moisture in paper, the method requires opening the transformer and taking a paper sample During the process, the insulation itself is being damaged and the sample takes up new moisture Frequency f range duration Your Benefits DIRANA FDS comprehensive comprehensive ~ 2.9 h ~ 6.0 h >> insulation condition assessment concerning moisture / aging of cellulose and oil conductivity >> automatic result evaluation according to IEC 60422 (dry, moderately wet, wet, extremely wet), indicating if further actions are required >> completely non-invasive measurement PDC limited ~ 5.5 h DIRANA and accessories in sturdy case >> minimum down-time: a measurement can be performed directly after the transformer has been shut down, as equilibrium is not required >> fast measurement through an intelligent combination of methods FDS and PDC, simultaneous measurement with two input channels and forecast algorithm >> automatic compensation of the influence of conductive aging by-products avoiding overestimation of moisture content >> predefined tests for all transformer types and bushings >> step-by-step software guidance >> also measure the insulation condition of cables, generators, motors and instrument transformers 23 Sweep Frequency Response Analysis Surge arresters Bushings OLTC Leads Insulation materials Windings Core Elements forming a Frequency response analysis (FRA) is used to verify the electrical and mechanical integrity of the active part of the transformer (core, leads, windings) FRA is also ideal for further diagnosis, if periodic testing or monitoring identifies irregularities A growing number of utilities also use FRA during routine testing, since the method can detect a wide range of faults while being completely non-invasive FRA is the most sensitive method for detecting mechanical deformations Frequency response analysis (FRA) is based on the comparison of a reference test with an actual test, where the reference test is usually a fingerprint that has been previously measured When such a fingerprint is not available, another phase or a sister transformer can also be used for comparison Test lead connection on transformer bushing using broad braids, clamps For on site use, FRAnalyzer comes in a rugged case which all necessary accessories fit into, including a battery with sufficient power to complete the comprehensive testing of any transformer clamp connection FRAnalyzer uses braids for its connections which allow a high level of reproducibility due to their tight connection close to the bushing using clamps and screws This technique is recommended in the CIGRÉ brochure 342 on FRA: >> connection close to the bushing >> broad braids minimize test setup interference O ü O for large bushings, the influence of the measurement setup can be reduced even more by using two braids 24 unique fingerprint How does it work? How can results be confirmed? A low voltage sinusoidal signal with variable frequency is applied to one terminal of a winding and at the other end of the winding the response signal is measured The voltage transfer function of the winding is determined as the output / input ratio The transfer function of a winding depends on the resistive, inductive and capacitive elements of the transformer Changes in these elements as a consequence of a failure lead to changes in the transfer function Results are represented in magnitude and phase as in a Bode diagram and screws Frequency response analysis can detect a wide range of faults Some of these faults can be confirmed by other measurements, such as DC winding resistance, frequency response of stray losses, short-circuit impedance / leakage reactance, exciting current, or ratio measurement However, no other method can give as clear an indication as frequency response analysis can to determine whether windings have been deformed, for example by the mechanical forces resulting from a fault Automatic comparison / evaluation of results Your Benefits >> non-invasive detection of: - winding deformations - shorted parallel strands - winding or interturn short circuits - winding shorted to ground - shorted core laminates - floating core ground - open circuits - contact resistance problems >> excellent reproducibilty through innovative connection technique >> powerful and easy-to-use software: - database solution - import of FRA traces from other vendors (Doble, FRAMIT, FRAX, etc.) - export traces in CIGRE exchange (.xfra) or csv format - data export to MS Excel or database applications - automatic assessment through proven algorithm Small and lightweight FRAnalyzer >> automatic reporting >> high accuracy and wide dynamic range >> small and lightweight device >> support is available from OMICRON for the interpretation of results 25 Partial Discharge Analysis Surge arresters Bushings OLTC Leads Insulation materials Windings Core Once initiated, partial discharge (PD) causes a progressive breakdown of insulating materials by electrical tree formation PD measurements are performed on the insulation of transformers to determine the insulation’s condition and to safely prevent it from breaking down PD measurement is also part of the factory acceptance test The OMICRON MPD PD system offers quick and precise recording of pulses on the three phases of a transformer using data acquisition from three or more channels Partial discharge conductor C2’ C3’ C1’ void C2’ conductor PD analysis on a three phase transformer Digital filter In the MPD 600 the classical analog bandpass filter has been replaced by a digital filter using a mathematical algorithm Digital system design eliminates aging effects and temperature drift making measurements comparable and reproducible by perfectly reproducing settings: >> the digital filter can be easily adapted to the conditions on site by tuning its center frequency and bandwith to minimize disturbances with fixed frequency bands >> calibration values for charge and voltage can be set directly on the laptop controlling the test, fully reproducible during the next measurement Optical Isolation Between individual PD acquisition units and between the acquisition units and the PC / laptop, fiber-optics are used for the communication Communication with fiberoptics ensures a continuous, disturbance-free transmission of PD events and test voltage The units are supplied using a battery power supply This design provides complete galvanic isolation between the individual components, minimizing ground loops and so reducing interference 26 measurement How does it work? C3’ Ccoupling insulation How can results be confirmed? A coupling capacitor is connected in parallel to the capacitances of the measured insulation distance Any charge movements within the connected insulation distance will be reflected in the charge of the coupling capacitor The resulting circulating current of the paralleled capacitances is measured and interpreted A chemical dissolved gas analysis (DGA) can also indicate partial discharges It is impossible, however, to locate partial discharges with DGA Analyzing PD means detecting and evaluating very small discharges, while dealing with very high test voltages, often complicated by external disturbances Signals acquired simultaneously by units Battery powered acquisition units The acquisition units are supplied from rechargeable batteries, which can supply the units for more than 20 hours Another advantage of battery power supply is that it eliminates disturbances which would result from a mains power supply Noise suppression through gating Additionally, noise can be eliminated by amplitude / phase gating, dynamic noise gating or antenna gating Here, one measurement channel, which is not connected to the equipment under test, is used as a detector for external disturbances Any pulse picked up by this unit is considered to be an external disturbance and is therefore eliminated on all other units because internal PD cannot be detected by this antenna channel due to the shielding effect of tank and graded bushings PD acquisition unit Multi-channel measurement Measuring simultaneously with several channels with synchronization accuracy in the range of nanoseconds has several advantages: >> it minimizes the time for which high voltage has to be applied to a suspect transformer and speeds up testing >> it allows for real-time de-noising of the data to minimize the influence of disturbances, and helps separating different sources of PD and identifying the type of PD sources 27 Partial Discharge Analysis “Tuning to” partial discharges (PD) When you are listening to the radio, the audio filter of your receiver filters out all other radio stations, and only plays the one that you are listening to The MPD can use two methods for “tuning to” PD sources to display only what you want to take a closer look on 3-Phase Amplitude Relation Diagram Through cross-coupling, a PD pulse on one phase in a transformer will usually appear on all phases - with different amplitudes Noise, however, is external and thus produces amplitudes that are similar on all phases Measurements related to each other in 3PARD or 3CFRD By synchronously measuring on all phases the tester can separate pulses by plotting them in the 3-Phase Amplitude Relation Diagram (3PARD) pd cluster Noise will create a separate cluster in this diagram, usually in the center of the 3PARD PD, however, the pulses of which are often smaller than those of noise, typically form a cluster outside the center If more than one PD source exists, each of them will form a separate cluster When a cluster is selected, the phase-resolved PD pattern will be shown specifically for this cluster, facilitating pattern recognition, i.e determining the possible cause of a single PD source 3-Center Frequency Relation Diagram Another way to separate pulses is 3-Center Frequency Relation, which requires only one measurement channel, for example when the test object is a single phase transformer This method measures with three filters at different measurement frequencies at the same time Using spectral differences, distinct internal pulses can be separated from each other and PD can be discriminated from external noise Separated partial discharge The result of the three measurements is plotted in the 3-Center Frequency Relation Diagram (3CFRD) The unfolding clusters in this diagram can then be analyzed separately Advantages of 3PARD and 3CFRD >> allows the separation of PD activity from noise >> enables the separation of different PD sources >> facilitates pattern recognition 28 Separated Ultra high frequency PD detection Within liquid-insulated transformers, PD can also be measured using ultra high frequency (UHF) sensors PD is directly measured from within the tank, by flanging UVS 610 sensors directly onto it, using its natural screening effect The UHF 608 accessory converts the signals for the MPD UHF measurement can also be used to trigger an acoustic PD measurement, or as an additional gating mechanism - then pulses from an electrical measurement are only accepted if a UHF pulse is also present UVS 610 UHF sensor (MPD accessory) noise cluster Your Benefits >> lightweight >> scalable and modular system >> high speed for the most comprehensive testing >> measuring all phases of a transformer simultaneously with nanosecond synchronicity >> high operator safety through optical fibers galvanically isolated from the PD acquisition units noise >> high sensitivity down to pico or even femto Coulombs through effective gating technology >> separating PD sources and noise through 3PARD / 3CFRD >> improving the locating of PD and thus assisting the user to make the right follow-up decisions (e.g if a transformer can be repaired on-site) 29 Power Transformer Services, Training and Support Expertise in transformer diagnostics OMICRON experts evaluating a customer’s results OMICRON employs some of the world’s most renowned experts in transformer diagnosis Among them are members of working groups concerned with transformer maintenance and diagnosis in international standardization bodies, such as CIGRÉ, the IEEE, or the IEC They have performed numerous diagnostic measurements on power transformers, often as a result of customer requests Moreover, they have published many papers on power transformer diagnosis, which are available in the customer area on the OMICRON website, together with dedicated expert forums, moderated by OMICRON Result assessment support OMICRON experts support customers in interpreting and assessing results - such as partial discharge patterns, or FRA fingerprints Demonstration booth at dedicated event Technical support High quality technical support teams also provide answers to questions on the use of the equipment, and are the first point of contact should a functional problem occur If a repair is necessary, repair times are short - typically in the range of less than one or two weeks Dedicated events OMICRON hosts the regular Diagnostic Measurements on Power Transformers Workshop There, typically over a hundred delegates from all over the world share and discuss case studies and recent developments in transformer diagnosis Themes include best practice experiences and solutions in transformer testing presented by customers and new technological developments reported by OMICRON Informal get togethers aid peer exchange Several smaller events on related subjects targeted on the particularities of specific geographical regions are also offered throughout the year 30 Training courses Customer theoretical training OMICRON training courses provide a solid theoretical and practical background and answer a client’s individual questions Training courses are held at either the customer’s site, online through a webinar, or in one of the OMICRON training centers wordwide Power transformer training topics >> Design, testing and maintenance >> Chemical diagnostic methods >> Diagnostic measurements and residual life assessment >> Condition assessment of HV bushings >> Moisture determination and dielectric diagnostics >> Frequency response analysis and interpretation >> Partial discharge measurement >> Training courses using OMICRON technology Customer practical training Your Benefits >> assistance in interpretation and assessment of results >> access to relevant training modules >> dedicated conventions/conferences >> technical assistance in equipment usage from our technical support teams >> access to scientific papers on transformer diagnosis through the customer area on our website 31 OMICRON is an international company serving the electrical power industry with innovative testing and diagnostic solutions The application of OMICRON products allows users to assess the condition of the primary and secondary equipment on their systems with complete confidence Services offered in the area of consulting, commissioning, testing, diagnosis, and training make the product range complete Customers in more than 140 countries rely on the company’s ability to supply leading edge technology of excellent quality Broad application knowledge and extraordinary customer support provided by offices in North America, Europe, South and East Asia, Australia, and the Middle East, together with a worldwide network of distributors and representatives, make the company a market leader in its sector The following publications provide further information on the solutions described in this brochure: For a complete list of available literature please visit our website Americas OMICRON electronics Corp USA 12 Greenway Plaza, Suite 1510 Houston, TX 77046, USA Phone: +1 713 830-4660 +1 800-OMICRON Fax: +1 713 830-4661 info@omicronusa.com © OMICRON L2007, April 2012 Subject to change without notice Asia-Pacific OMICRON electronics Asia Limited Suite 2006, 20/F, Tower The Gateway, Harbour City Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R Phone: +852 3767 5500 Fax: +852 3767 5400 info@asia.omicron.at Europe, Middle East, Africa OMICRON electronics GmbH Oberes Ried 6833 Klaus, Austria Phone: +43 5523 507-0 Fax: +43 5523 507-999 info@omicron.at www.omicron.at • www.omicronusa.com