Welded Design - Theory and Practice toc

Welded Design - Theory and Practice toc Welded design is often considered as an area in which there''''s lots of practice but little theory. Welded design tends to be overlooked in engineering courses and many engineering students and engineers find materials and metallurgy complicated subjects. Engineering decisions at the design stage need to take account of the properties of a material – if these decisions are wrong failures and even catastrophes can result. Many engineering catastrophes have their origins in the use of irrelevant or invalid methods of analysis, incomplete information or the lack of understanding of material behaviour.

Contents Preface Introduction ix xii The engineer 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Responsibility of the engineer Achievements of the engineer The role of welding Other materials The welding engineer as part of the team 10 Metals 11 2.1 2.2 Steels Aluminium alloys 11 20 Fabrication processes 22 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Origins Basic features of the commonly used welding processes Cutting Bending Residual stresses and distortion Post weld heat treatment 22 25 32 32 33 35 Considerations in designing a welded joint 36 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Joints and welds Terminology Weld preparations Dimensional tolerances 36 39 42 50 4.5 Access 52 vi Contents Static strength 54 5.1 5.2 Butt welds Fillet welds 54 55 Fatigue cracking 59 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 The mechanism Welded joints Residual stresses Thickness effect Environmental effects Calculating the fatigue life of a welded detail 59 62 67 67 68 68 Brittle fracture 75 7.1 7.2 7.3 Conventional approaches to design against brittle fracture Fracture toughness testing and specification Fracture mechanics and other tests 75 77 79 Structural design 82 8.1 8.2 8.3 Structural forms Design philosophies Limit state design 82 90 95 Offshore structures 96 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 The needs of deepwater structures The North Sea environment The research Platform design and construction Service experience 96 98 101 104 105 10 Management systems 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Basic requirements Contracts and specifications Formal management systems Welded fabrication 11 Weld quality 11.1 11.2 11.3 Weld defects Quality control Welded repairs 106 106 106 108 109 111 111 119 126 Contents 11.4 Engineering critical assessment 12 Standards 12.1 12.2 What we mean by standards Standard specifications References Bibliography Index vii 127 131 131 131 135 138 139 ... approaches to design against brittle fracture Fracture toughness testing and specification Fracture mechanics and other tests 75 77 79 Structural design 82 8.1 8.2 8.3 Structural forms Design philosophies... philosophies Limit state design 82 90 95 Offshore structures 96 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 The needs of deepwater structures The North Sea environment The research Platform design and construction Service... 10.4 Basic requirements Contracts and specifications Formal management systems Welded fabrication 11 Weld quality 11.1 11.2 11.3 Weld defects Quality control Welded repairs 106 106 106 108 109