Tổng hợp đề tiếng anh giải chi tiết năm 2018 HD (11)

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KÌ THI THỬ TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG QUỐC GIA

NĂM 2018 ( LẦN 1) Thời gian làm bài: 60 phút

( 50 câu trắc nghiệm)

(252102) Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

Plants are subject to attack and infection by a remarkable variety of symbiotic species and have evolved

a diverse array of mechanisms designed to frustrate the potential colonists These can be divided into

preformed or passive defense mechanisms and inducible or active systems Passive plant defense comprises physical and chemical barriers that prevent entry of pathogens, such as bacteria, or render tissues unpalatable or

toxic to the invader The external surfaces of plants, in addition to being covered by an epidermis and a waxy cuticle, often carry spiky hairs known as trichomes, which either prevent feeding by insects or may even

puncture and kill insect larvae Other trichomes are sticky and glandular and effectively trap and immobilize

insects If the physical barriers of the plant are breached, then preformed chemicals may inhibit or kill the intruder, and plant tissues contain a diverse array of toxic or potentially toxic substances, such as resins, tannins,

glycosides, and alkaloids, many of which are highly effective deterrents to insects that feed on plants The

success of the Colorado beetle in infesting potatoes, for example, seems to be correlated with its high tolerance

to alkaloids that normally repel potential pests Other possible chemical defenses, while not directly toxic to the parasite, may inhibit some essential step in the establishment of a parasitic relationship For example, glycoproteins in plant cell walls may inactivate enzymes that degrade cell walls These enzymes are often produced by bacteria and fungi

Active plant defense mechanisms are comparable to the immune system of vertebrate animals, although the cellular and molecular bases are fundamentally different Both, however, are triggered in reaction to intrusion, implying that the host has some means of recognizing the presence of a foreign organism The most dramatic example of an inducible plant defense reaction is the hypersensitive response In the hypersensitive response, cells undergo rapid necrosis ― that is, they become diseased

and die ― after being penetrated by a parasite ; the parasite itself subsequently ceases to grow and is therefore restricted to one or a few cells around the entry site Several theories have been put forward to explain the bases

of hypersensitive resistance

Question 1 What does the passage mainly discuss?

Mã đề thi 743

A How the immune system of animals and the defense mechanisms of plants differ

B How plant defense mechanisms function

C Theories on active plant defense mechanisms

D The success of parasites in resisting plant defense mechanisms

Question 2 The phrase "subject to" in line 1 is closest in meaning to

A attractive to B strengthened by C classified by D susceptible to

Question 3 The word "puncture" in line 8 is closest in meaning to

Question 4 The word "which" in line 13 refers to

Question 5 Which of the following substances does the author mention as NOT necessarily being toxic to the

Colorado beetle?

Question 6 Why does the author mention "glycoproteins" in line 17?

A To illustrate how chemicals function in plant defense

B To emphasize the importance of physical barriers in plant defense

C To compare plant defense mechanisms to the immune system of animals

D To introduce the discussion of active defense mechanisms in plants

Question 7 Where in the passage dose the author describe an active plant-defense reaction?

A Lines 1-3 B Lines 13-15 C Lines 19-23 D Lines 4-6

Question 8 The passage most probable continues with a discussion of theories on

A the basis of passage plant defense

B the principles of the hypersensitive response

C how chemicals inhibit a parasitic relationship

D how plants produce toxic chemical

(252317) Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on the top of the first page to indicate the word whose

underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions

Question 9 A music B refusal C studying D human

Question 10 A vehicle B hospital C honest D heir

(252322) Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on the top of the first page to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions

Question 11 A necessarily B originally C elaborately D mysteriously

Question 12 A favorable B democracy C relationship D evaluate

(252325) Write the letter A, B, C or D on the top of the first page to indicate the most suitable response to

complete each of the following exchanges

Question 13 John is talking to a cashier at the checkout counter of the supermarket

Cashier: “All right Keep your receipt If something comes up, you can show it to us and you can get a refund.” John: “ ”

A Thanks I’ll put it in a safe place

B Thank you I’ll keep it for you

C OK, I won’t use it,

D You’re welcome See you

Question 14 Joe and Matt met at a friend’s farewell party

Joe: “ I thought you were too tired”

Matt: “ I’ve decided to go I feel I owe it to him.”

A More of the same B All the more C One and the same D All the same

(252329) Mark the letter A, B, C or D on the top of the first page to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions

Question 15 No one but the experts was able to realize that the painting was an imitation It greatly resembled

the original

A It was obvious that only a person with great talent could fake a painting so successfully

B It was hard for ordinary people to judge between the fake painting and the real one, but not the experts

C The painting looked so much like the authentic that only the experts could tell it wasn’t genuine

D It was almost impossible for amateurs to realize that the painting was not authentic, though the experts could judge it quite easily

Question 16 The police issued a warning on the radio A dangerous man had escaped from hospital

A The police issued a warning on the radio, namely, a dangerous man had escaped from hospital

B A dangerous man had escaped from hospital where the police issued a warning on the radio

C The police issued a warning on the radio about a dangerous man had escaped from hospital

D A dangerous an had escaped from hospital, so the police issued a warning on the radio

(252332) Mark the letter A, B, C or D on the top of the first page to indicate the sentence that the word(s) that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions

Question 17 S Mayo Hospital in New Orleans was so named in recognition of Dr Mayo’s outstanding

humanitarianism

A remarkable B charitable C widespread D popular

Question 18 It was inevitable that the smaller company should merge with the larger

A urgent B unavoidable C necessary D important

(252335) Mark the letter A, B, C or D on the top of the first page to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions

Question 19 That man was an easy recognized figure with his long, white beard and a wide – brimmed hat

A easy B wide – brimmed C was D figure

Question 20 In China, Japan and other Oriental countries, where tea is the national drink, people almost never use sugar for their tea

Question 21 Drying food by means of solar energy is an ancient process applying wherever climatic

conditions make it possible

A make it possible B Drying C applying D means

(252343) Write the letter A, B, C or D on the top of the first page to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions

Question 22: The noise next door did not stop until after midnight

A It was midnight that the noise next door stopped

B The noise next door stopped at midnight

C Not until midnight did the noise next door stop

D It was not until after midnight that the noise next door stopped

Question 23: Even though some events were cancelled, thousands of people attended the festival

A As some events were cancelled, thousands of people attended the festival

B No matter how many people attended the festival, some events were cancelled

C In spite some cancelled events, thousands of people attended the festival

D Despite the cancellation of some events, thousands of people attended the festival

Question 24 The crowd became increasingly angry at the long delay

A The more increasingly the crowd became, the longer the delay was

B The crowd became very angry because the delay was so long

C The more the crowd became angry at the delay, the longer they feel

D The longer the delay was, the angrier the crowd became

(252351) Read the following passage and write the letter A, B, C or D on the top of the first page to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

The _(25) for many young people today is to communicate with others over the Internet and have a life online They way they do this is through social networking web sites such as Facebook and Twitter However, the people who _(26) their lives online are also putting themselves at risk, and they may not even understand how they are doing so

The key to limiting risk is to keep certain pieces of information private If you do any banking online, for example, it is important to note that dates of birth are often used as a(n) (27) _ feature by banks They will need to know your identification number and possibly your address as well, but to (28) They

will need to know your identification your identity, they might ask you for your date of birth If a criminal were

to gain access to your account number at a bank, and then obtain your address from public records, the one thing that he would not have would be your birth date

These days, however, a lot of people list their dates of birth openly on Facebook (29) their friends can wish them well on their birthdays Unfortunately, doing so could end up being a recipe for disaster

Question 25 A change B development C behavior D trend

Question 26 A create B invest C produce D make

Question 27 A recognition B identification C recognizing D identifying

Question 28 A verify B prove C clarify D determine

Question 29 A because B so that C thus D so

(252367) Write the letter A, B, C or D on the top of the first page to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions

Question 30 We are ready to be answerable to the manager for anything that goes wrong

A dutiful B responsible C accountable D. irresponsible

Question 31 The caffeine in coffee invigorates a coffee drinker

A. galvanizes B extrudes C fatigues D activates

(252371) Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

In the 1970s, many people became concerned about energy People has to face up to the fact that they used too much energy, and energy sources were not going to last forever One architect, Michael Reynolds, decided to do something He set out to design homes that were cheaper to build and more energy-efficient In addition, he wanted to do something about all the garbage Finally, he came up with the idea of “earthships.” Although it sounds like a boat, an earthship is a house However, unlike regular houses, earthships are constructed from garbage and are built using only ten percent of the energy needed to build a typical house Moreover, after they are built, earthships use only ten percent of the energy required to heat, light, and cool a regular home Although earthships sound unique, they can actually be built to look just like any other house One of the big benefits of earthships is that they are made from recycled materials The main construction material of an earthship is used tyres that are filled with dirt The dirt-filled tyres are then laid flat and stacked like bricks Because the tyres are round, there is lots of extra space between the columns of tyres These spaces are filled with used cardboard The tyres and cardboard form the outside walls of an earthship The inside walls between rooms in the earthship do not need to be as strong as the outside walls; therefore, the inside walls are made with old cans, bottles, and cement that are eventually covered and painted to look just like walls in a

Another benefit of an earthship is that it saves energy and natural resources For example, an earthship uses less water Rain water, which is collected on the roof, is used for drinking and bathing Furthermore, earthships need much less energy for heating and cooling because they are built into the ground, which keeps the temperature inside the house from getting too hot or too cold In the long run, this helps earthship owners lower their utility bills As well, one wall of an earthship usually faces south Therefore, solar heat helps to warm the house, and solar panels built on the roof generate electricity to run appliances in the house All of these features make earthships very environmentally friendly That’s one of the reasons they have become popular throughout the world Earthships have been built in Bolivia, Australia, Mexico, Japan., Canada, England, Scotland, and all over the YS Maybe in the near future, an earthship will be landing near you!

Question 32: What is the main idea of this reading?

A Earthships are popular in many different

countries

B Earthships look like typical houses

C Environmentalists are concerned about energy

D Earthships are environmentally friendly homes

Question 33 What is the main building material of earthships?

A used cardboard

B cement

C used tires

D old cans and bottles

Question 34 In an earthship, old boxes would be used to _

A build inside walls

B fill outside walls

C create fertilizer

D recycle water

Question 35 Why do earthships need less energy to heat and cool them?

A They recycle water

B They are built into the ground

C They are typically very small

D They are more energy efficient

Question 36 What does the phrase “ In the long run” in the fourth paragraph mean?

A As a matter of fact

B Concerning a longer period in the future

C In a long race

D At the last moment

Question 37 What does “environmentally friendly” mean?

A found throughout the environment

B good for the environment

C bad for the environment

D made from natural products

Question 38 How are earthships different from regular houses?

A Earthship cost more money to build

B Earthships are constructed from garbage and less energy is used to build , heat, light, and cool there

C Earthships are constructed from garbage

D Earthships are built using only percent of the energy needed to build a typical house

(252389) Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

Question 39: Hotel rooms must be _ by 10 am, but luggage may be left with the poster

Question 40 If you had taken my advice , you in such difficulties now

A won’t be

B wouldn’t be

C hadn’t been

D wouldn’t have been

Question 41 People living abroad are not _ to enter for this position

Question 42 _, the balcony chairs will be ruined in this weather

A Having left uncovered

B Leaving uncovered

C Been left uncovered

D Left uncovered

Question 43 When his business failed, he started again from _

A introduction B blank C beginning D scratch

Question 44 Greg was all ready to do the bungee jump, but at the last moment he _

A chickened out B chickened up C chickened for D fogged up

Question 45 Old Mr Brown’s condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will _?

A pull through B pull out C pull up D pull back

Question 46 The supervisor’s job is to _ the work of his particular department

Question 47 Ask her to come and see me as soon as she _ her work

A finish B finishing C has finished D finished

Question 48 Not once his promises

A has he kept B he keeps C is he keeping D he has kept

Question 49 His sister was full of for the way in which he had learned to drive a car so quick

Question 50 You are old enough to take for what you have done

A responsibly B responsible C responsibility D irresponsible

***The end***

HƯỚNG DẪN GIẢI CHI TIẾT Thực hiện: Ban Chuyên môn Tuyensinh247.com

Question 1 B Question 11 A Question 21 C Question 31 C Question 41 B

Question 2 D Question 12 A Question 22 D Question 32 D Question 42 D

Question 3 C Question 13 A Question 23 D Question 33 C Question 43 D

Question 4 C Question 14 D Question 24 D Question 34 A Question 44 A

Question 5 A Question 15 C Question 25 D Question 35 B Question 45 A

Question 6 A Question 16 D Question 26 A Question 36 B Question 46 D

Question 7 C Question 17 A Question 27 D Question 37 B Question 47 C

Question 8 B Question 18 B Question 28 A Question 38 B Question 48 A

Question 9 C Question 19 A Question 29 B Question 39 C Question 49 A

Question 10 B Question 20 C Question 30 D Question 40 B Question 50 C

Question 1

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Tạm dịch:

Đoạn văn chủ yếu thảo luận về điều gì?

A Hệ thống miễn dịch của động vật và các cơ chế bảo vệ thực vật khác nhau

B Cơ chế phòng ngự của thực vật

C Các lý thuyết về cơ chế bảo vệ thực vật chủ động

D Sự thành công của ký sinh trùng trong việc chống lại cơ chế bảo vệ thực vật

B tăng cường bởi

C được phân loại bởi

D phải chịu Subject to (a): dễ bị, phải chịu, khó tránh khỏi

 Subject to = Susceptible to

Dẫn chứng: Plants are subject to attack and infection by a remarkable variety of symbiotic species and have

evolved a diverse array of mechanisms designed to frustrate the potential colonists

 puncture = pierce

Dẫn chứng: The external surfaces of plants, in addition to being covered by an epidermis and a waxy cuticle,

often carry spiky hairs known as trichomes, which either prevent feeding by insects or may even puncture and

kill insect larvae

Dẫn chứng: If the physical barriers of the plant are breached, then preformed chemicals may inhibit or kill the

intruder, and plant tissues contain a diverse array of toxic or potentially toxic substances, such as resins, tannins,

glycosides, and alkaloids, many of which are highly effective deterrents to insects that feed on plants

Dẫn chứng: The success of the Colorado beetle in infesting potatoes, for example, seems to be correlated with

its high tolerance to alkaloids that normally repel potential pests

Đáp án: A

Question 6

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Tạm dịch:

Tại sao tác giả đề cập đến "glycoproteins" trong dòng 17?

A Để minh họa hóa chất hoạt hóa trong phòng vệ thực vật

B Để nhấn mạnh tầm quan trọng của các rào cản vật lý trong phòng vệ thực vật

C So sánh cơ chế phòng vệ thực vật với hệ miễn dịch của động vật

D Giới thiệu việc thảo luận về các cơ chế phòng vệ chủ động trong thực vật

Dẫn chứng: For example, glycoproteins in plant cell walls may inactivate enzymes that degrade cell walls

These enzymes are often produced by bacteria and fungi

Dẫn chứng: Active plant defense mechanisms are comparable to the immune system of vertebrate animals,

although the cellular and molecular bases are fundamentally different Both, however, are triggered in reaction

to intrusion, implying that the host has some means of recognizing the presence of a foreign organism The most dramatic example of an inducible plant defense reaction is the hypersensitive response

Đáp án: C

Question 8

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Tạm dịch:

Đoạn văn có thể tiếp tục bàn về giả thuyết gì?

A Cơ sở của việc phòng vệ thực vật

B Các nguyên tắc của phản ứng quá mẫn

C Các chất hoá học ức chế mối quan hệ ký sinh trùng

D Làm thế nào để thực vật tạo ra hóa chất độc hại

Dẫn chứng: Several theories have been put forward to explain the bases of hypersensitive resistance

Đáp án: B

Dịch bài đọc:

Thực vật bị tấn công và nhiễm bệnh bởi một số lượng lớn các loài cộng sinh và đã phát triển một loạt các cơ chế được tạo ra để làm nản lòng những sinh vật cộng sinh Chúng có thể được chia thành các cơ chế phòng thủ tiền chế hoặc thụ động và hệ thống cảm ứng hoặc hoạt tính Bảo vệ nhà thụ động bao gồm các rào cản vật lý và hóa học ngăn chặn sự xâm nhập của các mầm bệnh, như vi khuẩn, hoặc làm cho mô không mệt mỏi hoặc độc hại cho sinh vật cộng sinh Các bề mặt bên ngoài của cây cối, ngoài lớp vỏ biểu bì và lớp vỏ sáp, thường có lông xù được gọi là trichome, hoặc là ngăn ngừa ăn bằng côn trùng hoặc thậm chí có thể đâm thủng và giết ấu trùng côn trùng Các trichome khác thì dính và có tuyến và có hiệu quả bẫy và cố định côn trùng Nếu các rào cản vật lý của cây bị phá hoại, các hóa chất được chuẩn bị sẵn có thể ức chế hoặc giết chết kẻ xâm nhập, và các mô thực vật chứa nhiều chất độc hại hoặc có khả năng độc hại như nhựa, tannin, glycosides và alkaloids, rất nhiều trong

số đó là rất cao hiệu quả ngăn chặn côn trùng ăn cỏ Ví dụ như sự thành công của bọ cánh cứng Colorado trong việc phá hoại khoai tây, ví dụ, có vẻ tương quan với khả năng chịu đựng các chất alkaloid cao mà thường đẩy lùi các loài sâu bệnh tiềm tàng Các biện pháp phòng ngừa hóa học khác có thể, mặc dù không trực tiếp gây độc cho ký sinh trùng, có thể ức chế một số bước thiết yếu trong việc thiết lập mối quan hệ ký sinh trùng Ví dụ, các glycoprotein trong thành tế bào thực vật có thể làm bất hoạt các enzyme phân huỷ các thành tế bào Các enzyme này thường được tạo ra bởi vi khuẩn và nấm

Các cơ chế bảo vệ thực vật hoạt động có thể so sánh với hệ thống miễn dịch của động vật có xương sống, mặc

dù cơ sở tế bào và phân tử cơ bản khác nhau Tuy nhiên, cả hai đều được kích hoạt trong phản ứng xâm nhập, ngụ ý rằng thân chủ có một số phương tiện để nhận ra sự hiện diện của một sinh vật ngoại lai Ví dụ rõ ràng nhất về phản ứng phòng vệ thực vật cảm ứng là phản ứng nhạy cảm Trong phản ứng này, tế bào bị hoại tử nhanh - nghĩa là chúng bị bệnh và chết - sau khi bị một ký sinh xâm nhập; ký sinh trùng chính nó sau đó ngừng phát triển và do đó bị hạn chế đối với một hoặc một vài tế bào xung quanh khu vực nhập cảnh Một số lý thuyết

đã được đưa ra để giải thích cơ sở của kháng mẫn cảm