YLE Handbook Cambridge Young Learners English Tests Handbook Starters Movers Flyers University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations Hills Road Cambridge, CB1 2EU United Kingdom EMC/1932/3Y05 Tel +44 1223 553355 Fax +44 1223 460278 e-mail ESOL@ucles.org.uk www.CambridgeESOL.org/younglearners © UCLES 2003 NOT FOR RESALE Cambridge Young Learners English Tests – Handbook Contents Preface Introduction to Cambridge ESOL Background to the Cambridge Young Learners English Tests The three levels Starters, Movers and Flyers candidates Administration Results Level The three syllabuses Special arrangements Starters Component – Listening Component – Reading and Writing Component – Speaking Topics, notions and concepts Structure List Alphabetic vocabulary list 10 Thematic vocabulary list 12 Movers Component – Listening 15 Component – Reading and Writing Component – Speaking 17 Topics, notions and concepts 17 Structure list 18 Alphabetic vocabulary list 20 Thematic vocabulary list 22 Flyers Component – Listening 24 Component – Reading and Writing Component – Speaking 26 Topics, notions and concepts 26 Structure List 27 Alphabetic vocabulary list 28 Thematic vocabulary list 30 Combined Combined Combined Combined 16 25 Starters and Movers alphabetic vocabulary list 33 Starters and Movers thematic vocabulary list 36 Starters, Movers and Flyers alphabetic vocabulary list 39 Starters, Movers and Flyers thematic vocabulary list 43 Introduction Preface This handbook contains the specifications for all three levels of the Cambridge Young Learners English Tests (Starters, Movers and Flyers) It is designed for use by teachers who are preparing candidates for the tests, or who are considering doing so Background to the Cambridge Young Learners English Tests The Cambridge Young Learners English Tests are designed to offer a comprehensive approach to testing the English of primary learners between the ages of and 12 As such they will provide an appropriate first step towards the Cambridge Main Suite of examinations (e.g KET and PET) which are designed for young people and adults Introduction to Cambridge ESOL The Cambridge Young Learners English Tests are run by University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations – 'Cambridge ESOL' for short – a department of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate Cambridge ESOL is responsible for providing examinations in English for Speakers of Other Languages throughout the world There are authorised Cambridge ESOL examination centres in more than 130 countries, and over 1.2 million people take the exams every year As a department of one of the world's leading universities, Cambridge ESOL provides language assessment of the highest possible quality The exams cover all four language skills – listening, speaking, reading and writing – and are based on the skills learners need in real life The use of realistic communicative content means that in preparing for a Cambridge ESOL exam or test, learners are developing useful language skills Cambridge ESOL's commitment to excellence is supported by a permanent staff of over 170 and more than 10,000 trained examiners The full time staff includes assessment specialists, administrative and customer service teams, business support and a specialist research and validation group whose activities underpin the quality for which Cambridge ESOL exams are world famous The tests take account of relevant research in a number of areas and the specific needs of prospective test users (children, parents and teachers) In producing the tests, particular attention is paid to the educational consequences of using a language test with young learners and the following areas are carefully considered: • current approaches to curriculum design and pedagogy for young learners, including recent course books and other resource materials (e.g CD ROM); • children’s cognitive and first language development; • the potential influence of test methods, including the familiarity and appropriacy of different task types, item formats, typography and layout; • probable variation between different first language groups and cultures Above all, it is essential for the testing experience to have a positive impact on the children’s future language learning An important aspect of the test development project was collaboration with staff at Homerton College (Cambridge University’s teacher training college), who developed classroom materials linked to the tests Several publishers produce materials linked to the tests and Cambridge University Press publish booklets of past papers A list of publishers is available at www.CambridgeESOL.org/publishers In 2002, the tests were taken by approximately 260,000 children in 55 countries, and these numbers are growing rapidly Introduction The three levels Cambridge Starters candidates The Cambridge Young Learners English Tests consist of three key levels of assessment: Starters, Movers and Flyers Cambridge Starters is the lowest level and is designed for children from the age of The aims of the tests are to: • sample relevant and meaningful language use • measure accurately and fairly • present a positive first impression of international tests • promote effective learning and teaching • encourage future learning and teaching The three tests together form a bridge to take young learners of English as a foreign language from beginner to Waystage level A wide range of text books and teaching materials which are used in classrooms throughout the world are reviewed as part of the on-going test development process, and the tests reflect the main content areas which frequently occur (topic, vocabulary, etc.) and the presentation of the material Both text and pictures are presented in a clear and attractive way, taking into account the age and background of the intended candidates Cambridge Movers candidates Movers is the second level in the series A typical Movers candidate is likely to be aged between and 11 Cambridge Flyers candidates Flyers is the third level in the series A typical Flyers candidate is likely to be aged between and 12 years N.B Candidates can take Starters at 12 or Flyers at 7, as appropriate Candidates aged 13 may also take the tests, as they are likely to be in the same class as children aged 12 Any Local Secretary who wishes to enter children outside the 7–13 age group for the tests should first discuss this with Cambridge ESOL The table below indicates the common characteristics and variations in the different levels of the tests Overall length Number of tasks/parts Number of items approx 20 mins 20 Reading & Writing 20 mins 25 Speaking 3–5 mins – Cambridge Starters Listening total 45 mins approx 25 mins 25 Reading & Writing 30 mins 40 Speaking 5–7 mins – Cambridge Movers Listening total 62 mins approx 25 mins 25 Reading & Writing 40 mins 50 Speaking 7–9 mins – Cambridge Flyers Listening total 74 mins Introduction Administration Level In order to provide a flexible system which fits in with different regional requirements, there is no fixed timetable of administration for any of the Young Learners Tests Authorised Cambridge ESOL Examination Centres administer the tests on dates chosen to fit in with local conditions (school terms, holiday periods, etc.) The Young Learners Tests are aligned with the Council of Europe’s Common European Framework for Modern Language, at levels A1 and A2 Results As shown in the diagram, there are three possible routes from the Cambridge Young Learners English Tests to Cambridge Main Suite examinations Candidates may take all three levels of the Young Learners English Tests before moving on either to KET or to PET, or they may take Movers and then move straight on to KET The Flyers syllabus is roughly equivalent to the Cambridge Key English Test (KET) syllabus in terms of language content, but is more limited in terms of contexts covered The completed question papers and mark sheets are returned to Cambridge to be marked The results are then issued as soon as possible (normally within about two weeks of receipt of the scripts by Cambridge ESOL) Results are reported in a way designed to provide positive encouragement to the learners All candidates who complete their test receive an Award, which focuses on what they can (rather than what they can’t do) and gives the children credit for having taken part in the test Level C2 Certificate of Proficiency in English (CPE) Level B2 First Certificate in English (FCE) Cambridge Young Learners English Tests Level B1 Preliminary English Test (PET) Level A2 Flyers Level A1 Movers Starters Level A2 Key English Test (KET) Cambridge Main Suite Examinations Level C1 Certificate in Advanced English (CAE) Introduction The three syllabuses Key to abbreviations used in vocabulary lists The syllabuses for the three levels follow They describe the topics and notions, the structures, the lexis and the tasks on which the tests are based adj adjective adv adverb conj conjunction These are test syllabuses It would be impossible to achieve a complete match with all the Primary courses taught around the world, but considerable care has been taken to reflect the language covered in a wide survey of Primary English courses and materials det determiner dis discourse marker int interrogative inter interjection n noun Language is broken down into categories for convenient reference only, and to provide a checklist for test writing to ensure equivalence between different test versions There is no suggestion that a teacher preparing children for the Cambridge Young Learners English Tests should concentrate on teaching structures or vocabulary Focus on form or abstraction is inappropriate for young children num number prep preposition pron pronoun v verb A guiding principle for the tests is a desire to close the distance between the children’s experiences of learning and of testing Tasks are intended to test the meaningful use of language in clear, relevant, accessible contexts Children must know what to expect when they sit down to take the tests, or the unfamiliarity could cause anxiety But, apart from familiarising the children with the test format, teachers should continue their normal teaching programmes and concentrate on learning through a focus on meaning and context In general the language input to the tests is likely to be of a standard British English variety, although care is taken to avoid terms which might cause confusion for learners of American English In terms of a candidate’s output, both standard British English and standard American English are equally acceptable Early versions of the listening tests were recorded by actors with British English accents only This has now changed, and currently a range of British, American and other accents are used Special arrangements Special arrangements are available for candidates with special needs These may include extra time, separate accommodation or equipment etc Please note that no braille papers are available for these tests Please consult your Local Secretary for more details Starters • Starters Component – Listening 20 minutes/20 items There are four parts Each part begins with a clear example All the texts are heard twice Part This is a test of five different lexical items – normally taken from one or two semantic fields The context is provided by a picture, within which the objects are ‘placed’ by the candidate, who has to draw a line from the named object to a location within the picture The information is conveyed by a dialogue between male and female adult speakers Part This task consists of five questions, each a three-option multiple choice with pictures The information is conveyed in a series of five self-contained dialogues The speakers are always clearly differentiated by age or sex Part This reflects the emphasis in Primary courses on ‘following instructions’ It is a test of lexis, particularly names of colours, and relative position There is one large picture, and within this context, the candidate has to identify a certain object by listening to details of its position, and then colour it in correctly The information is given in a dialogue between an adult and a child Part This is a simple dictation exercise, presented through the context of a conversation between a child and an adult There are picture prompts to support the context, but these alone cannot provide the answers Each answer is either a name or a number The numbers dictated can be written as words or digits All names are spelled out letter by letter, and must be spelled correctly for the mark to be awarded Parts/tasks Summary of Starters Listening Test component Number of items Main skill focus Input Expected response/item type Listening for lexical items and prepositions Picture and dialogue Carry out instructions and positioning things correctly on a picture Listening for numbers and spelling Illustrated dialogue Write down numbers and names Listening for information (present tenses) Pictures and dialogue 3-option multiple-choice (pictures; tick the correct picture) Listening for lexis and relative position Picture and dialogue Carry out instructions, locating, and colouring correctly Starters Component – Reading and Writing 20 minutes/25 items There are five parts, each starting with a clear example Part This task involves the candidate in reading for recognition of lexis There are five statements, each accompanied by a picture, and the candidate has to place a tick in a box if the statement describes the picture, and a cross if it does not Part This consists of a single picture and a set of statements, some of which are correct and some of which are not Candidates write ‘yes’ or ‘no’ as appropriate Part This task tests both comprehension of the overall message of a text and the candidates’ basic writing ability The text is a riddle with some words missing Candidates read the text, answer the final question ‘What am I?’ and supply the missing words (which are all either singular or plural nouns at this level) The missing words are tested as a picture gap fill task Some incorrect spellings are accepted Part A story is told through three pictures, with five related questions, each of which requires a one-word answer The correct word may be any part of speech (noun, verb, etc.) listed in the syllabus Some incorrect spellings and minor grammatical errors are accepted Part This is a test of knowledge of lexis and also of very basic writing ability There are five pictures of objects, each accompanied by the name of the object given as jumbled letters The candidate must write the name of each object Dashes indicate the number of letters in the answer This is the only part of the Reading and Writing component where spelling is being tested Parts/tasks Summary of Starters Reading/Writing Test component Number of items Main skill focus Input Expected response/item type Reading for recognition of lexis lexical items with pictures Indicate true with a tick or false with a cross Reading for recognition of lexis, number, location and grammar picture sentences Write ‘yes’/‘no’ next to the sentences Spelling pictures sets of jumbled letters Write words Riddle-cloze with picture prompts Gap-filling (prompted); one-word answers Story presented through pictures with questions Write one-word answers to questions Writing (vocabulary) Reading Writing Reading Writing Starters Component – Speaking 3–5 minutes/2 parts The Speaking Component takes the form of a one-to-one exchange lasting approximately 3–5 minutes The language used by the examiner is based on and controlled by a script, called an ‘interlocutor frame’ It is intended that each child should be individually taken in to the test by an usher, preferably someone who is known to them (possibly the child’s teacher or some other very familiar person from their school) The usher explains the test format in the child’s first language, before taking the child into the exam room and introducing them to the examiner Parts/tasks The mark for the Speaking component is based on a rating for interactive listening ability, pronunciation and production of words and phrases Topics, notions and concepts The topics covered in Cambridge Starters are: • animals • the body and the face • clothes • family, friends and ourselves • food and drink • the home • language and tests • school and the classroom • sports and leisure-time activities • transport The notions and concepts are: • ability • actions and activities • age • appearance • colours • feelings • location and position • numbers 1–10 • sizes Input Expected response/item type Greeting and name check (unassessed); scene card and questions about objects in this picture Carry out instructions; point to the correct part of the picture Scene card and small object cards; instructions to place object cards on the scene card Carry out instructions; place the object cards in various places on the scene card Questions about the scene card Answer questions with one-word answers and/or short phrases Questions about the object cards Answer questions with one-word answers and/or short phrases Questions from interlocutor on topics, such as: name, age, family, school, likes, dislikes Answer questions with one-word answers and/or short phrases Starters Starters Structure List Language (grammar and structures) Language use (communication) Language items (examples) Writing down spelling That’s W-H-I-T-E Asking who people are and identifying people Are you Bill? It’s Pat Responding to requests for information about objects Talking about ownership They’re oranges, not lemons That’s Ann’s bike Describing and identifying objects, people and animals He’s a small boy Your face is very dirty Identifying colours It’s a red car a, an, the, some Identifying objects, animals, fruit, vegetables, etc (with countables and uncountables) It’s a banana Who’s eating an egg? Put the tomato on the table He’s got some apples my, your, his, her, our, their Talking about possessions and relationships It’s my brother’s birthday Making and responding to requests for information about objects What are these? This is a camera Identifying people Describing people It’s Sam He’s running Can you see him? Asking who people are and what they are doing Asking questions about the number of people, animals and objects Who’s in the bath? Which is Ann? What are you doing? Whose house is this? How many children are there in your class? Identifying people, animals and objects There’s a bus in the picture There are three lorries (to be) am, is, are Talking about friends, yourself and others I am, I’m, he is, he’s, she is, she’s, it is, it has, it’s, we are, we’re, they are, they’re (Imperative) Understanding and giving simple instructions Stand up and read this Clean the board, please (Present Continuous) Asking and answering questions about present actions What are the cats doing? They’re sleeping (Present Simple) Describing what you like or want I like fish I don’t want eggs Asking how to spell a word Saying where you live Talking about habits and facts How you spell ‘computer’? I live in Montevideo I eat breakfast in the kitchen Frogs jump Describing ability and personal possessions Can you play football? Have you got a pen? No, I’ve got a pencil Asking someone to something Making requests Can you open the window? Can I have an ice-cream? For communication repair Pardon? Sorry? I don’t know For making a choice For linking Is this an apple or a pear? I’ve got a pen and a pencil The alphabet Nouns singular and plural, including limited, specified, irregular plural forms (Proper Nouns) (Common Nouns) Possessive forms:/’s/s’/ Adjectives size, age, colour Determiners Pronouns (Demonstrative Pronouns) this, these, that, those (Personal Pronouns) I, you, he, she, it, we, they, me, you, him, her, it, us, them, our, us (Interrogative) who, which, what, whose, where, how many, how old (There) Verbs (positive, negative, interrogative and contractions) (Modals) can, have (got) Formulae Conjunctions or, and Starters and Movers Starters and Movers alphabetic vocabulary list s – first appears at Starters m – first appears at Movers A s m m m m s a det a lot adv a lot of det about prep above prep add v m m m s s m address n afraid adj after prep afternoon n again adv age n m a lot adv m all adj + pron + det m all right inter s alphabet n m always adv s s s s s m am v an det and conj animal n Ann n another adj s answer n + v m any det m apartment n (flat GB) s apple n s are v s s s s m arm n armchair n ask v at prep aunt n baby n back n bad adj badly adv badminton n bag n balcony n ball n banana n bank n baseball n m s m s s s s s m m s basement n basketball n bat n bath n bathroom n be v beach n bean n bear n beard n beautiful adj m s s m because conj bed n bedroom n before adv + prep s behind prep m below prep s Ben n m best adj m better adj s between prep s s s s s s m m s s s big adj bike n Bill n bird n birthday n black adj blanket n blond(e) adj blue adj board n boat n s s s m m s m s s s s s s s s m m m m s brother n brown adj burger n bus n bus station n but conj buy v by prep bye (-bye) CD n CD player n café n cake n camera n can/cannot/can’t v car n careful adj carefully adv carrot n m s m s s m s s m m carry v cat n catch (a bus) v catch v chair n cheese n chicken n child/children n choose v cinema n m s s s s city n class n classroom n clean adj clean v e.g (his/her teeth) m climb v s clock n s close v s clothes n m m m m s m m s s m cloud n cloudy adj clown n coat n coconut n coffee n cold adj + n colour n colour (in) v come v m comic n (USA comic book) s computer n m cook v s correct adj m cough n m country(side) n m cousin n s cow n s crocodile n s m m s m cross n + v cry v cup (of) n cupboard n curly adj dad(dy) n Daisy n dance v daughter n s s m m day n desk n difference n different adj m s s s difficult adj dining room n dirty adj do/don’t v s s m s dog n doll n dolphin n door n s m m s s s s s drawing n dress n drink n + v duck n ear n earache n easy adj eat v s s m m egg n eight num eighteen num eighth adj s m m s elephant n eleven num end n English n + adj s s m m enjoy v eraser n evening n every det + adj s example n m excuse me! excl s eye n face n fair adj family n famous adj fan n farm n fat adj s s m m m m s father n favourite adj field n fifteen num fifth adj film n find v m m m s m s s fine adj fine! inter first adj + adv fish (s + pl) n fish v fishing five num m flat m floor (ground, 1st, 2nd, 3rd etc.) n s floor n s flower n m fly n s fly v s s s s m s m food n foot/feet n football n for prep forest n four num fourteen num m m s m s s m fourth adj Fred n French fries n Friday n friend n frog n fruit n game n garden n get un /dressed v get up v giraffe n s s m s s girl n give v glass (of) n glasses n go v s goat n s good adj m Good morning/ afternoon/ evening/night s m s s m m m m s s grandson n grass n great! inter green adj grey (or gray) adj m ground n + adj s guitar n B s m m m s s m s s m s body n book n bookcase n bottle (of) n bottom n bounce v bowl (of) n box n boy n bread n breakfast n C m m m s s s s m m s D s m m m double adj down adv + prep downstairs adv draw v E s m m s F s m s m m m m G s s m m s good-bye granddaughter n grandfather n grandmother n grandparent n 33 Starters and Movers H s s s s s s s s hair n hall n hand n handbag n happy adj hat n have (got) v have a bath v m m s m m s s m have a shower v have a party v have a drink/food v have a wash v have (got) to v he pron head n headache n s s m s s s s s helicopter n hello help v her pron hers pron here adv him pron hippo n I pron ice-cream n s in prep of place m in prep of time s in front of prep m inside prep + adv s jeans n m Jill n s s lake n lamp n last adj + adv laugh v leaf/leaves n learn v s s s s s man n mango n map n market n Mary n mat n matter n s s s s s m m m m his pron hit v hobby n hockey n holiday n home n homework n hop v s m m s m m s m horse n hospital n hot adj house n how adv how about…? how many int how much adv m s m m how often adv how old int hungry adj hurt v s is v m island n s s it pron its pron m Jim n m John n s s juice n jump m jungle n kick v Kim n m kind (type) n s kitchen n s kite n s know (don’t know) v leg n lemon n lemonade n lesson n letter (as in alphabet) n m library n m lift n (USA elevator) s like v + prep s lime n s line n m s s s s s lion n listen (to) v live v living room n lizard n long adj s s s s s m look v look at v a lot adv a lot of det a lorry n loud adj m loudly adv s love v s lunch n May (girl’s name) n s me pron m mean v s meat n s men n s milk n m s s m m s s mine pron mirror n Miss mistake n Monday n monkey n monster n m moon n m more adj + pron + adv m morning n m most adj + pron + adv s mother n s m s m s m s motorbike n mountain n mouse/mice n moustache n mouth n move v Mr s s m m m never adv s new adj s next to prep s s s Nick n night n nine num m nineteen num m ninth adj s no det of prep off adv often adv oh inter + dis s m s s OK dis OK inter old adj on (of place) prep m m s m on adv on prep of time one num one pron s m s m page n paint n + v painting n panda n pardon? inter parent n park n m s m m s m s parrot n part n party n pasta n Pat n Paul n pea n s s s m m m s pear n pen n pencil n person/people n pet n Peter n phone n + v s s s m s s s question n m quick adj m quickly adv m quiet adj m quietly adv rabbit n radio n rain n + v rainbow n s s s s s s m s m s s I s s J s jacket n m Jane n K m kangaroo n m kick n L m s m m m s M s s m m m s m s Mrs mum(my) n music n must/must not/ mustn’t v my pron + det s nose n s not adv m nothing pron s s now adv + dis number n onion n only adv open v opposite prep s s s m m out adv m out of prep m outside adv + prep photo n piano n pick up v picnic n picture n pineapple n pink adj m m s m s N s name n m neck n m need v O s m m s or conj orange n + adj our adj ours pron P s s s m s m m pirate n place n plane n plant n play (with) v tr + intr m playground n Q s R m s m m 34 read v red adj rice n ride n + v right (correct) adj + dis m river n m road n robot n rock n room n round adj ruler n run v s s s s s s m please inter point v point to v potato n purple adj put v put on v Starters and Movers S s m m s m m s s m s s m s s sad adj sail v Sally n Sam n sandwich n Saturday n sausage n say v scarf n school n sea n second adj see v sentence n s m m m m s s s s m s m m s seven num seventeen num seventh adj shall v shark n she pron sheep (s + pl) n shirt n shoe n shop n + v short adj shoulder n shout v show v m shower n (have a shower) v s sing v s sister n s sit (down) v s six num m sixteen num m sixth adj m skate n + v m skip v s skirt n s sleep v m slow(ly) adj (adv) s small adj s m s s s s s m m m s s m s snake n snow n + v so dis soccer n sock n sofa n some det something pron sometimes adv son n song n sorry inter + adj soup n spell v s s m m s m s m m s s m s m spider n sport n square adj stair(s) n stand (up) v star n start v stomach n stomach-ache n stop v story n straight adj street n strong adj s s m m m s m s m Sue n sun n Sunday n sunny adj supermarket n supper n sweater n swim v swimming pool n T-shirt n table n table tennis n take v take pictures/ photos v take a bus v take off (= get undressed) v talk v tall adj tea n s s s m s s m s m m s s teacher n television/TV n tell v temperature n ten num tennis n tenth num test n + v text n than conj thank you thanks s s s m s m s s m m m m m m s s thin adj thing n think v third adj thirsty adj thirteen num this det + pron those adj + pron + det s three num s throw v m Thursday n s s m s s s s m m m m m tick n + v tiger n tired adj to prep today n + adv Tom n tomato n tooth/teeth n toothache n toothbrush n top n towel n m s s m s s s m m m s town n toy n train n treasure n tree n trousers n try v Tuesday n twelve num twenty num two num s s under prep understand v m up adv + pron m upstairs adv s m s m m s s s whose int why int window n wind n windy adj with prep woman/women n word n m m m m m s m work n + v world n worse adj worst adj would/n’t (like) v write v wrong adj T s s s m m m m s m m s s s that det + pron the det their det theirs pron them pron then adv + conj then dis there dummy subject there adv these det + pron they pron U s ugly adj m uncle n s us pron V s very adv m video n m village n wait v wake (up) v walk v wall n want v wash n + v watch n + v water n m s s m s m m m waterfall n watermelon n we pron weak adj wear v weather n Wednesday n week n m s m m m s m weekend n well dis well adj + adv wet adj whale n what int what about…? m what’s the matter? int m when adv s where int s which int m which pron s white adj s who int m yesterday n + adj s you pron s s young adj your pron + adj m yours pron W m m s s s m s s X (No words at this level) Y s s yellow adj yes Z m zoo n 35 Starters and Movers Combined Starters and Movers thematic vocabulary list s – first appears at Starters m – first appears at Movers Animals s m m s s s animal bat bear bird cat chicken s s s m s s cow crocodile dog dolphin duck elephant s m s s s s fish (s + pl) fly frog giraffe goat hippo s m m s s s horse kangaroo lion lizard monkey mouse/mice m m m m m s panda parrot pet rabbit shark sheep (s + pl) s s s m snake spider tiger whale face fair foot/feet hair s s s m hand head leg moustache s m s m mouth neck nose shoulder m stomach m straight m tooth/teeth The body and the face s m m m arm back beard blond(e) s m s s body curly ear eye s m s s s s s glasses handbag hat s jacket s jeans m scarf s s s shirt shoe skirt s sock m sweater s T-shirt s s trousers wear Clothes s clothes m coat s dress Family, friends and ourselves s m s s s s s s s m s m Ann aunt baby Ben Bill birthday boy brother child/children cousin dad(dy) Daisy m s s m s s m s s m m s daughter family father Fred friend girl granddaughter grandfather grandmother grandparent grandson happy (birthday) s s s s s m m m m s s s he her him his I Jane Jill Jim John Kim live man/men m s s s s s s s s s s s Mary May me Miss mother Mr Mrs mum(my) my name Nick old m s m m m m s s s m s s parent Pat Paul person/people Peter Sally Sam she sister son Sue their s s s m s s s s s s them they Tom uncle us we woman/women you young your m s s m s s s s cheese chicken coconut coffee drink (n & v) eat egg fish s s m s s s s s food French fries fruit ice-cream juice lemon lemonade lime s s s s s s m s lunch mango meat milk onion orange pasta pea s m s s s m s m pear picnic pineapple potato rice sandwich sausage soup s m s s s supper tea tomato water watermelon Food and drink s s s s s s s s apple banana bean bread breakfast burger cake carrot Health m cold m cough m earache m fine m headache m matter (what’s the matter?) m stomach-ache m temperature m toothache s s s s s s s s s s m m m s s s doll door downstairs flat floor flower garden hall m s s s m s s s home house kitchen lamp lift (USA elevator) living room mat mirror s s s m s s m s phone radio room shower sleep sofa stairs table s s s m s s television/TV toy tree upstairs watch window s s m s s s enjoy favourite film fish(ing) football game s s s s m m guitar hit hobby hockey holiday kick s s m s m s kite listen (to) music paint(ing) party photo s s s s s s piano picture play (with) radio read run The home m m s m m s s s address apartment armchair balcony basement bath bathroom bed bedroom bookcase box camera chair clock cupboard dining room Leisure-time activites s s s s s s 36 badminton ball baseball basketball beach book s s m m s s bounce camera CD comic/comic book doll draw(ing) Starters and Movers s sing m skate s soccer s s s song sport story s swim m swimming pool s table tennis s s s television/TV tennis toy m library m market m park m playground m shop m supermarket m video Local places m bank m bus station m café m cinema m farm m hospital m zoo Occupations and the world of work m clown m pirate m work School and the classroom, and language and tests s s s s s s s s s alphabet answer ask board book bookcase class classroom close s s s s s s s s s colour colour (in) correct cross desk draw English eraser example s s m s s s s s s find floor homework know (don’t know) learn lesson letter line listen (to) s m s s s s s s s look mistake no number open page part pen pencil s m s s s s s s s picture playground question read right ruler school sentence teacher s s s car fly go s s s helicopter lorry motorbike s s s plane ride run s s s swim train walk s s m s s s s s s tell test text tick understand wall word write yes Transport s s s bike boat bus Weather m cloud m cloudy m rain m rainbow m snow m sunny m weather m wind m windy The world around us m m m m city country(side) field forest m m m m grass ground island jungle m m m m lake leaf/leaves moon mountain m m m m plant river road rock m s m m star street town village m waterfall m world s s brown green s s grey (or gray) orange s s pink purple s s red white s yellow s s in in front of s s next to on s s there under s s m s monster night place robot s s m m sea sun thing toothbrush m m m m top towel treasure wash Colours s s black blue Location and position s s at behind s s between here Miscellaneous objects and other nouns m s m m age bag blanket bottom s s s m box computer day difference s m m m end fan kind (type) map Numbers m Cardinals: 11–20 m Ordinals: 1st–10th Containers m bottle (of) m bowl (of) m cup (of) m glass (of) m m m m m yesterday The days of the week: m Monday m Tuesday m Wednesday m m m m Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday s here you are s hello m how about…? m I didn’t understand/hear you s I don’t know s s s no oh OK Time expressions m s m m after afternoon always before m m m m evening every morning never sometimes today week weekend Greetings and other formulaic expressions m all right s bye (-bye) m excuse me! m good morning/ afternoon/ evening/night s good-bye m Great! s Happy birthday! 37 Starters and Movers s s s pardon? please right s s s so sorry thank you s s s thanks then well m what about…? m What did you say? m What’s the matter? s yes m m m s s m s m m m cold different difficult dirty double easy English every famous fat s m s m s m m m s m favourite fine good ground (floor) happy hot hungry last long loud m m s s m m s m s s more most new old quick quiet right (correct) round sad short m s s m m m m m m m slow small sorry square straight strong tall thin thirsty tired m another m any m every s s s my no some s s s that the their s s s these this those m s m m m m m downstairs here how how much how often inside last m m m m s s m loudly more most never not now off m m m m m m m often only out outside quickly quietly slowly m m s s m m s sometimes then there today up upstairs very m well m when s m s m m behind below between by down s s s m s for in in front of inside like s s m s m next to of off on on (time) m m m s s opposite out of outside to under s with s s s s s his I it its me m m m m m mine more most nothing ours s m s m s she something that theirs them s s s s s these they this those us s m s s m we which you your yours Adjectives m m m m s m m s m s afraid all any bad beautiful best better big careful clean s m m m m m m s s ugly weak well wet worse worst wrong young your Determiners s a/an m a lot of m all Adverbs m s m m m m m a lot again always badly before carefully down Prepositions m m m s m about above after at before Pronouns m s s s s all he her hers him Conjunctions s and m because m but s or m than m then m when Verbs – irregular s m s s m m m s s be buy can/cannot/can’t catch catch (a bus) choose come do/don’t draw s s s s m m s s s drink eat find fly get (un)dressed get up give go have (got) m s s s m m m s m have have have have have have have hit hurt (got) to a bath a drink (food) a party a shower a wash m s m m s m m m s cook cross cry dance enjoy fish help hop jump s m s s s s s s s kick laugh learn like listen (to) live look love open s s s m m m s s s know learn put mean must put on read ride run s s s s s s s s m say see sing sit (down) sleep spell stand (up) swim take m m s s m s s take off take pictures throw understand wake up wear write s s s s s m m m m paint phone pick up play (with) point need rain sail shop m s m m s s s s s shout show skate snow start stop talk tick try s m s s m m walk wait want watch wash work Verbs – regular s s s m s s m s s 38 add answer ask carry close clean climb close colour Starters, Movers and Flyers Combined Starters, Movers and Flyers alphabetic vocabulary list s – first appears at Starters m – first appears at Movers f – first appears at Flyers A s f a m m f f m m f a det a few det little adv a lot adv a lot of det a.m adv a piece of adj about prep above prep across prep f f s m m m s s m f actor n actress n add v address n afraid adj after prep afternoon n again adv age n ago adv f f f m agree v air n airport n all adj + det + pron m all right adv + inter s alphabet n f already adv f also adv m s f s s s s m s m always adv am v ambulance n an det and conj animal n Ann n another adj answer n + v any adj + det f f f m anyone pron anything pron anywhere adv apartment n (flat) apple n April n are v arm n armchair n f f f s f s f m f f arrive v art n artist n ask v ask (for) v at prep August n aunt n autumn n away adv baby n back n bad adj badly adv badminton n bag n balcony n ball n banana n bank n baseball n basement n basketball n bat n bath n s s s s m m s m s s m bathroom n be v beach n bean n bear n beard n beautiful adj because conj bed n bedroom n before adv + prep begin v behind prep believe v m f s m m f s f s s s f s s f below prep belt n Ben n best adj better adj Betty n between prep bicycle n big adj bike n Bill n bin n bird n birthday n biscuit n s m m s s s s s s f f m m s m black adj blanket n blond(e) adj blue adj board n boat n body n book n bookcase n bookshop n boring adj bottle (of) n bottom n bounce v bowl (of) n s s s f s f f f s s f f f box n boy n bread n break v breakfast n bridge n bring v broken adj brother n brown adj brush n + v business n businessman/ woman n burger n f s m f m f f m m s burn v bus n bus station n bus stop n but conj butter n butterfly n buy v by prep bye (-bye) s m f s m s f f s f m f carrot n carry v castle n cat n catch (a bus) v catch v cave n century n chair n cheap adj cheese n chemist (chemist’s) n s s f m f f m f m s s s f chicken n child/children n chocolate n choose v chopsticks n Christmas n cinema n circus n city n class n classroom n clean adj + v clever adj m s s f s m m m f m s m m climb v clock n close v closed adj clothes n cloud n cloudy adj clown n club n coat n coconut n coffee n cold adj + n f s s f m m college n colour n colour (in) v comb n + v come v comic n (USA comic book) f competition n s computer n m cook v f cook n f cooker n f corner n s m f m m s s s m m s m f correct adj cough n could v country(side) n cousin n cow n crocodile n cross n + v cry v cup (of) n cupboard n curly adj cut v f s f s f f m m m s desk n diary n dictionary n difference n different adj difficult adj dining room n f f s s f s s dinner n dinosaur n dirty adj do/don’t v doctor n dog n doll n m s s m m s s dolphin n door n double adj down adv + prep downstairs adv draw v drawing n s s f f s f dress n drink n + v drum n dry adj duck n during prep f f f s f s s f else pron Emma n empty adj end n engineer n English n + adj enjoy v enough adj + pron f f everything pron everywhere adv exam (examination) n s example n f excellent adj + inter m excuse me! inter f f f s expensive adj explain v extinct adj eye n s f s s s B s m m m s s m s s m s m s m s f s f s C m m s f CD n café n cake n call (what is ‘X’ called?) v f camel n s camera n f camp v s can/cannot/can’t v s car n f card (birthday) n m careful adj m carefully adv D s m m f f f m dad(dy) n Daisy n dance v dangerous adj dark adj date n daughter n f f f David n day n dear adj (as in ‘Dear John’) December n decide v dentist n each pron + adj ear n earache n early adj + adv Easter n easy adj eat v egg n s m f m f s m f eight num eighteen num eighteenth adj eighth adj eighty num elephant n eleven num eleventh adj E f s m f f m s s envelope n environment (the) n s eraser n m evening n f ever adv m every adj + det f everyone pron f f f 39 Starters, Movers and Flyers F s f m f f s m m f m f f m face n factory n fair adj fall v fall over v family n famous adj fan n far adv + prep farm n farmer n fast adj + adv fat adj s s f f f f f m m f m f m father n favourite adj February n feel v feel like v fetch v few adj field n fifteen num fifteenth adj fifth adj fifty num film n s m f f f f m s m s s f m find v fine adj finish v fire n fireman/woman n firestation n first adj + adv fish (s + pl) n fish v fishing n five num flag n flat n m floor (ground, 1st, 2nd, 3rd etc.) n s floor n f flour n s flower n s fly v m fly n f fog n f foggy adj f follow v s food n s foot/feet n s football n f s m f f f s m f m m s m footballer n for prep forest n forget v fork n forty num four num fourteen num fourteenth adj fourth adj Fred n French fries n Friday n s f f s f f m f f friend n friendly adj fridge n frog n from prep front n fruit n full (of) adj future n game n garden n Geography n get v get off v get on v get to v m m s s s f m get un/dressed v get up v giraffe n girl n give v glass n glass (of) n s f f s f s f glasses n glove n glue n + v go v go out v goat n going to v f f s s m gold n + adj golf n good adj good-bye good morning/ afternoon/ evening/night inter m s s m m m m granddaughter n grandfather n grandmother n grandparent n grandson n grass n great! inter s s m f f s green adj grey (or gray) adj ground n + adj group n guess v guitar n hair n half n hall n hand n handbag n happen v happy adj hard adj + adv Harry n hat n f s m m m s s m s s hate v have a bath v have a shower v have a party v have a wash v have a drink/food v have (got) v have (got) to v he pron head n m f f f s s m s s s headache n hear v heavy adj Helen n helicopter n hello help v her pron hers pron here adv f f s s s f s s s m high adj hill n him pron hippo n his pron History n hit v hobby n hockey n holiday(s) n m m m f s m m f f s home n homework n hop v horrible adj horse n hospital n hot adj hotel n hour n house n m m s m m s f m m f how adv how about…? how many int how much adv how often adv how old int hundred num hungry adj hurt v husband n I pron ice n ice cream n f f f if conj ill adj important adj s in prep of place s in front of prep m in prep of time f insect n m inside prep + adv f interesting adj f into prep s is v m island n s s it pron its pron f January n s jeans n m Jill n m Jim n f job n m John n f s f journalist n juice n July n s jump v f June n m jungle n f just adv m kick n s kick v f kilometres n s Kim n m kind (= type) n f kind adj s s f kitchen n kite n knife n s know (don’t know) v f f G s s f f f f f H s f s s s f s f f s I s f s J s jacket n f jam n m Jane n K m kangaroo n f Katy n f key n L m s f m f f m m s lake n lamp n language n last adj + adv late adj +adv later adv laugh v leaf/leaves n learn v magazine n made of make v man/men n mango n many det s s s s s f f leave v left (direction) adj + n leg n lemon n lemonade n lesson n let v let’s v letter (as in alphabet) n f letter (send a letter) n m library n f lie (down) v m lift (USA elevator) n f light adj + n s s s m s f s s s like v + prep lime n line n lion n listen (to) v little adj live v living room n lizard n f s s s f f s f m London n long adj look v look at v look for v look like v lorry n lose v a lot det + adv m m s f f s loud adj loudly adv love v lovely adj low adj lunch n m f m f m s map n March n market n married adj Mary n mat n f Maths n m matter n (what’s the matter?) s May (girl’s name) n f May n f may v s f m s f f me pron meal n mean v meat n mechanic n medicine n f f f f f f meet v meeting n metal adj + n Michael midday n midnight n s f f m f s milk n might v mind v mine pron minute n mirror n M f f f s s f 40 Starters, Movers and Flyers s f m f m Miss n missing adj mistake n mix v Monday n f s s f m money n monkey n monster n month n moon n m m m s s more adj + adv morning n most adj + adv mother n motorbike n m s m s m mountain n mouse/mice n moustache n mouth n move v s s f s f Mr n Mrs n much det + adv mum(my) n museum n m music n m must/must not/ mustn’t v s my det name n near adv + prep neck n need v never adv s f f f s new adj news n newspaper n next adj next to prep f s s s m nice adj Nick n night n nine num nineteen num f f m s f nineteenth adj ninety num ninth adj no det no-one pron f s s m f noisy adj nose n not adv nothing pron November n s f s f now adv + dis nowhere adv number n nurse n o’clock adv October n octopus n of prep of course (not) adv off adv f m s s m s office n often adv oh inter + dis OK dis OK inter old adj s m f s m s on prep of place on prep of time once adv one num one pron onion n m s f m s s only adv open v open adj opposite prep or conj orange n + adj f s m m m m other adj our adj ours pron out adv out of prep outside adv + prep f over adv + prep p.m page n paint n + v painter n painting n panda n paper n + adj pardon inter parent n park n parrot n part n m f m s m s s s s f f m party n past prep pasta n Pat n Paul n pea n pear n pen n pencil n pepper n perhaps adv person/people n m m s s f s s m s f f s pet n Peter n phone n + v photo n photographer n piano n pick up v picnic n picture n piece n pilot n pineapple n s m f m s f m f f s pink adj pirate n pizza n place n plane n planet n plant n plastic n + adj plate n play (with) vtr + intr player (CD player) n m s f s s f f f f f f playground n please inter pocket n point v point to v police man/ woman n police station n poor adj post v postcard n post office n s f f f f f s f s m f potato n prefer v present n problem n programme n pull v purple adj push v put v put on v pyramid n quarter n queen n s question n m quick adj m quickly adv m quiet adj m quietly adv rabbit n race n + v radio n rain n + v rainbow n s f s f f read v ready adj red adj remember v restaurant n s f f s rice n rich adj Richard n ride v + n s right (correct) adj + dis f right (direction) adj + n m river n m s m s m road n robot n rock n room n round adj f s s rucksack n ruler n run v sad adj sail v salad n Sally n salt n Sam n same adj sandwich n Sarah n Saturday n sausage n say v scarf n school n Science n scissors n score v sea n second adj secret n secretary n see v sell v send v s f s m f m f m m s s f s s m s f f m m s m sentence n September n seven num seventeen num seventeenth adj seventh adj seventy num shall v shark n she pron sheep (s + pl) n shelf n shirt n shoe n shop n + v short adj shorts n should v shoulder n shout v show v shower n (have a shower) v silver n + adj f s f f s s s m m f m f m s f f s m m s f since prep sing v singer n single adj sister n sit (down) v six num sixteen num sixth adj sixty num skate n + v ski v skip v skirt n sky n sledge n + v sleep v slow adj slowly adv small adj smell (like) vtr + intr snack n snake n m f f f s f s s s f s f m m f m s f s f m f f s s f s f f m m f s m s f f f f m m s f s m f f s spider n spoon n sport n spot n spring n square adj + n stair(s) n stamp n stand (up) v star n start v station n stay v steal v still adv stomach n stomach-ache n stop n + v storm n story n straight adj straight on adv strange adj street n f m f f f f s f f f s m m m s f f f m f s m f stripe n strong adj student n study v subject n suddenly adv Sue n sugar n suitcase n summer n sun n Sunday n sunny adj supermarket n supper n sure adj surname n swan n sweater n sweet n swim v swimming pool n swing n + v N s f m m m O f f f s f m P f s s f s m f s m m m s f Q f f R m f s m m S s m f m f s f m f m s s m s f f f s m f f s f f f f s snow n + v snowball n snowman n so adv + conj so dis soap n soccer n sock n sofa n soft adj some det someone pron something pron sometimes adv somewhere adv son n song n soon adv sorry inter + adj sound (like) v soup n space n speak v spell v 41 Starters, Movers and Flyers T s s s m m m m T-shirt n table n table tennis n take v take a bus v take pictures v take off (get undressed) v f take time s talk v m tall adj f tape recorder n f taste like v f taxi n m tea n f teach v s teacher n f team n f s s m s s f f m s m m f s s s s s s telephone n television/TV n tell v temperature n ten num tennis n tennis player n tent n tenth num test n + v text n than conj thank v thank you inter thanks that adj + det + pron the det f s m s m s s s m m m m m m theatre n their det theirs pron them pron then adv + conj then dis there dummy subject there adv these adj + det + pron they pron thin adj thing n think v third adj thirsty adj thirteen num s s f vegetable n wait v wake (up) v walk v wall n want v warm adj wash n + v watch n + v water n waterfall n f f f s thirteenth adj thirtieth adj thirty num this adj + det + pron s those adj + det + pron f thousand num s three num f through prep s throw v m Thursday n s tick n + v f tidy v + adj s tiger n f tights n pl f time n m tired adj s s f f s s f f f m m m m f m m s under prep understand v unfriendly adj f f f unhappy adj uniform n university n f untidy adj f until prep m up adv + pron s very adv m video n s f s m s m m m m m watermelon n way n we pron weak adj wear v weather n Wednesday n week n weekend n well adv +adj s m m s f m year n yellow adj s yes m yesterday n + adj zero n m zoo n to prep today n + adv together adv toilet n Tom n tomato n tomorrow n + adv tonight n + adv too adv tooth/teeth n toothache n toothbrush n top n torch n towel n town n toy n f s m s s s m f f f f m f m f f s traffic n train n treasure n tree n trousers n try v Tuesday n turn (tr + intr) v turn off v turn on v twelfth adj twelve num twentieth adj twenty num twenty-first adj twice adv two num m upstairs adv s us pron f use v f usually adv m village n f visit v f volleyball n well dis wet adj whale n what int what’s it like? what’s the matter? int m when int + conj + adv s where int s m f f s s s m f f which int which pron whisper v whistle v white adj who int whose int why int wife n will v f f m s m f f s f s William n win v wind n window n windy adj winter n wish n + v with prep without prep woman/women n f f s m m m m m s m wood n wool n word n work n + v world n worse adj worst adj would/n’t (like) v write v wrong adj f s s s young adj your adj m yours pron U s ugly adj f umbrella n m uncle n V f W m m s s s f m s s m X (No words at this level) Y f s Z f 42 yet adv you pron Starters, Movers and Flyers Combined Starters, Movers and Flyers thematic vocabulary list s – first appears at Starters m – first appears at Movers f – first appears at Flyers Animals s m m s f f s animal bat bear bird butterfly camel cat s s s f s m s chicken cow crocodile dinosaur dog dolphin duck s s m s s s s elephant fish (s + pl) fly frog giraffe goat hippo s f m m s s s horse insect kangaroo lion lizard monkey mouse/mice f m m m m m s octopus panda parrot pet rabbit shark sheep (s + pl) s s f s m snake spider swan tiger whale The body and the face s m m m arm back beard blond(e) s m s s body curly ear eye s m s s face fair foot/feet hair s s s m hand head leg moustache s m s m mouth neck nose shoulder m stomach m straight m tooth/teeth s f s s glasses glove handbag hat s s f m jacket jeans pocket scarf s s f s shirt shoe shorts skirt s m s f sock sweater T-shirt tights s f s trousers uniform wear f s s s f s m m m m f s s s Helen her him his husband I Jane Jill Jim John Katy Kim live man/men f m s s f s s s s s s s s s married Mary May me Michael Miss mother Mr Mrs mum(my) my name Nick old m s m m m f m s f s s m s f parent Pat Paul person/people Peter Richard Sally Sam Sarah she sister son Sue surname s s s s m s s f f s s s s their them they Tom uncle us we wife William woman/women you young your m f f s f m s f s s soup spoon sugar supper sweet tea tomato vegetable water watermelon Clothes f s m s belt clothes coat dress Family, friends and ourselves s m s s f s s s s s m s m m Ann aunt baby Ben Betty Bill birthday boy brother child/children cousin dad(dy) Daisy daughter f f s s m s s m s s m m f s David Emma family father Fred friend girl granddaughter grandfather grandmother grandparent grandson Harry he Folklore and fantasy f f castle cave f f future planet f f secret space f f strange wish s f f s m f s s s s f chicken chocolate chopsticks coconut coffee dinner drink (n + v) eat egg fish flour s f s m s f s f s s s food fork French fries fruit ice-cream jam juice knife lemon lemonade lime s s f s s s s m s s f lunch mango meal meat milk onion orange pasta pea pear pepper m s f f s s f f m s f picnic pineapple pizza plate potato rice salad salt sandwich sausage snack f f m m dentist doctor earache fine m m f f headache hurt hospital ill m matter (what’s the matter?) f medicine f m m m nurse stomach-ache temperature toothache Food and drink s s s f s s s f s s m apple banana bean biscuit bread breakfast burger butter cake carrot cheese Health f chemist (chemist’s) m cold m cough 43 Starters, Movers and Flyers The home m m s m m s s s s address apartment armchair balcony basement bath bathroom bed bedroom s s s s s f s s s bookcase box camera chair clock cooker cupboard dining room doll s m m m s f s s m door downstairs flat floor flower fridge garden hall home s s s m s s s s s house kitchen lamp lift (USA elevator) living room mat mirror phone radio s f m s s m s f s room shelf shower sleep sofa stairs table telephone television/TV f s s m s s toilet toy tree upstairs watch window Occupations and the world of work f f f f f f actor/actress airport ambulance artist business businessman/ woman f m f f f f f circus clown cook dentist doctor engineer factory f f f m f f f farmer fireman/woman footballer hospital job journalist mechanic f f f f f f f meeting news newspaper nurse office painter photographer f m f f f f f pilot pirate police station policeman/woman secretary singer tennis player m work m f f f m f f farm fire station front get to hospital kilometres left m f m f f m m library London market museum over park playground f f f f m m f police station post office restaurant right road shop station f s m m f f m straight on street supermarket swimming pool theatre way zoo Places and directions f m f f m f m airport bank bookshop bridge bus station bus stop café f m f f f f f chemist(’s) cinema circus club college corner end School and the classroom, and language and tests s s f s f s s s s s s f f alphabet answer art ask bin board book bookcase class classroom close club college s s f s s s f s s s f s colour colour (in) competition correct cross desk dictionary draw English eraser exam (examination) example s s f f f f m s f s s find floor Geography glue group History homework know (don’t know) language learn lesson s letter (as in alphabet) s line s listen (to) s look f Maths m mistake s no s number s open s page s part s pen s s m s s s s s f f s f f pencil picture playground question read right (correct) ruler school Science scissors sentence shelf student f s s s m s s f s s s s subject teacher tell test text tick understand university wall word write yes s s f f s m f s television/TV tennis tent torch toy video volleyball watch Sports and leisure-time activities s s s s s s s s m m f badminton ball baseball basketball beach book bounce camera CD comic/comic book diary s s f s s m s s s f s s doll draw(ing) drum enjoy favourite film fish(ing) football game golf guitar hit s s m f s m s s m s m s hobby hockey holiday hotel kick v kick n kite listen (to) music paint(ing) party photo s s s f f f f s s f s s piano picture play (with) player (CD player) programme pyramid race radio read rucksack run sing m f f f s s s s f s s f skate sledge snowball snowman soccer song story sport suitcase swim table tennis team s s s s bus car fly go s s s s helicopter lorry motorbike plane s s s f ride run swim taxi f s s traffic train walk Transport f f s s ambulance bicycle bike boat Weather m cloud m cloudy f fog 44 f foggy f ice m rain m rainbow f sky m snow f storm m sunny m weather m wind m windy Starters, Movers and Flyers The world around us f f f m m f air bridge cave city country(side) environment m f m m m f field fire forest grass ground hill m m m m m m island jungle lake leaf/leaves moon mountain m m m m s f plant river road rock sea sky f m s s m m space star street sun town village f s s gold green grey (or gray) s s s orange pink purple s f f red silver spot f s s stripe white yellow s s in in front of s s next to on s s there under secret soap stamp swing tape recorder telephone thing toothbrush m waterfall m world Colours s s s black blue brown Location and position s s at behind s s between here Miscellaneous objects and other nouns m s m m s f f f age bag blanket bottom box brush card (birthday) comb s s m f m f f m computer day difference envelope fan flag key kind (type) f letter (send a letter) f light(s) f magazine m map f money s monster f newspaper s f m f f f f s night paper place postcard present problem queen robot f f f f f f m m f Ordinals:11th–31st f s Cardinals: 1–10 m Cardinals: 11–20 m f m m f m top torch towel treasure umbrella wash f Cardinals: 21–1000 Numbers m Ordinals:1st–10th zero Containers m bottle (of) m bowl (of) m cup (of) m glass (of) Quantity and measuring f f a few a little f f a piece of enough f f few half f f many much f quarter f look like f smell like f sound like f taste like f f gold metal f f paper plastic f f silver wood f wool s m m f f f f f f end evening every future half hour late later midday f f f m m f f f f midnight minute month morning never o’clock p.m past quarter m f s f f m m f m sometimes time today tomorrow tonight week weekend year yesterday The days of the week: m Sunday m Monday m Tuesday m Wednesday m Thursday m Friday m Saturday f f f f May June July August f f f f September October November December f f f f Christmas Easter spring summer f f f s s s s s s s pardon? please right so so I sorry thank you s s s m The Senses f feel like Materials f f card glass Time expressions f m s f m m f f f a.m after afternoon ago always before century date early The year f f f f January February March April autumn winter year Greetings and other formulaic expressions m s f m m all right bye (-bye) excellent! excuse me! good morning/ afternoon/ evening/night s m s s s m good-bye Great! Happy birthday! hello here you are How about ? (suggestion) m I didn’t understand/ hear you s I don’t know s no f of course (not)! s oh s OK thanks then well What a beautiful day! m what about …? m What did you say? m What’s the matter? s yes 45 Starters, Movers and Flyers Adjectives m m m m s m m s f f m f s f f m m f f f m afraid all any bad beautiful best better big boring broken careful cheap clean clever closed cloudy cold dangerous dark dear different m s s f f f m f f s m f f f m f m s f m f difficult dirty double dry each early easy empty enough English every excellent expensive extinct famous fast fat favourite few fine friendly f f s s f f f f m m f f f f m f f f f s m full (of) gold good happy hard heavy high horrible hot hungry ill important interesting kind last late left (direction) light little long loud f f f f f f m m s f f f s f f s f f f m m lovely low many married metal missing more most new next nice noisy old open other our paper plastic poor quick quiet f f f s m s f s f f m s f m m f m f m m m ready rich right (direction) right (correct) round sad same short silver single slow small soft square straight strange strong sure tall thin thirsty f m s f f f f m m m m m m m s s tidy tired ugly unfriendly unhappy untidy warm weak well wet windy worse worst wrong young your m another m any m every f s s much my no s s s some that the s s s their these this s those m m f f f f f f s m m m down downstairs early ever everywhere far fast hard here how much how often inside f m f f m m m f f f s s just last late later loudly more most much near never not now f f m m m f m m m f f m nowhere of course (not) off often on once only out outside over perhaps quickly m m f m f f f f f m s s quietly slowly so sometimes somewhere soon still straight on suddenly then there today f f f f f m m f s m m f together tomorrow tonight too twice up upstairs usually very well when yet m s m m f f f below between by down during far for f s m s m f s from in in (time) in front of inside into like f s s m s m m near next to of off on on (time) opposite m f f f f s s outside over past since through to under f s f until with without f s s s s s s everything he her hers him his I s s s m m m f it its me mine more most no-one m m s f m s m nothing ours she someone something that theirs s s s s s s s them these they this those us we m s s m which you your yours s f or so m than m then Determiners s a/an m all m a lot of Adverbs m s f m f f m f f m m m a lot again ago all right already also always anywhere away badly before carefully Prepositions m m f m s m s about above across after at before behind Pronouns m f f f f f f all anyone anything each else enough everyone Conjunctions s and m because 46 m but f if m when Starters, Movers and Flyers Verbs – irregular s f f f f m s s m m m f s s s s be begin break bring burn buy can/cannot/can’t catch catch (a bus) choose come cut do/don’t draw drink eat f f f f s f s f f m m s s f f s end fall fall over feel (like) find forget fly get get (off/on/to) get (un)dressed get up give go go out going to have (got) m s m m m s f s m s s f f f f f have (got) to have a bath have a shower have a party have a wash have a drink/food hear hit hurt know learn leave let let’s lie down lose f f f m f f m s m m s s s s s f made of make may mean meet might must put put on rain read ride run say see sell f f s s s f f m f s s f s f m m send should sing sit (down) sleep smell (v intr.) smell (like) (v tr.) snow speak spell stand (up) steal swim swing take take a bus m m f f m s s m s f f f s take off take pictures take time teach think throw understand wake up wear will win won’t write f m s m m f f s f f f m f f f f f comb cook cross cry dance decide end enjoy explain fetch finish fish follow glue guess happen hate m m s s m s s s s s s f f s f f f help hop jump kick laugh learn like listen (to) live look look (at) look (for) look (like) love mind mix move m s s s s s s s f f f f f m f m f need open paint phone pick up play (with) point point to post prefer pull push race rain remember sail score m m s m f m f m f f s s f s f s f shop shout show skate ski skip sledge snow sound (like) stay start stop study talk taste (like) test thank s f s f f f f m s s m s f f f m tick tidy try turn turn (off/on) use visit wait walk want wash watch whisper whistle wish work Verbs – regular s f s f s f f f f f add agree answer arrive ask ask for believe brush burn call (what’s x called?) f camp m carry s clean m climb s close s colour Interrogative m m m s f What’s the matter? Why? When? Which? (Which is Ann?) Which? (Which snowman has Harry made?) 47 ... Combined 16 25 Starters and Movers alphabetic vocabulary list 33 Starters and Movers thematic vocabulary list 36 Starters, Movers and Flyers alphabetic vocabulary list 39 Starters, Movers and Flyers. .. approx 20 mins 20 Reading & Writing 20 mins 25 Speaking 3–5 mins – Cambridge Starters Listening total 45 mins approx 25 mins 25 Reading & Writing 30 mins 40 Speaking 5–7 mins – Cambridge Movers. .. vocabulary list 22 Flyers Component – Listening 24 Component – Reading and Writing Component – Speaking 26 Topics, notions and concepts 26 Structure List 27 Alphabetic vocabulary list 28 Thematic