WHEELS OF FORTUNE The History of Speculation from Scandal to Respectability Charles R Geisst John Wiley & Sons, Inc WHEELS OF FORTUNE WHEELS OF FORTUNE The History of Speculation from Scandal to Respectability Charles R Geisst John Wiley & Sons, Inc For Margaret and Meg Copyright © 2002 by Charles R Geisst All rights reserved Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, 201-748-6011, fax 201-748-6008, e-mail: permcoordinator@wiley.com Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of maerchantability or fitness for a particular purpose No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation You should consult with a professional where appropriate Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages For general information on our other products and services, or technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at 800-7622974, outside the United States at 317-572-3993 or fax 317-572-4002 Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books ISBN: 0-471-21222-9 Printed in the United States of America 10 Contents Acknowledgments vi Introduction vii C A Tale of the Pits C Futures and “Wild Jackasses” 49 C The Great Bear Hunt 99 C Expanding the Menu 143 C Metals and Money 187 C Chicago Follies 243 C Rogues’ Gallery 297 Postscript Bibliography Index 353 355 360 v Acknowledgments J G J W & Sons for overseeing the book from beginning to end Special thanks also to Ingram Pinn for designing the illustration opposite the title page depicting Richard Nixon and Harold Wilson berating the infamous gnomes of Zurich for speculating in the currency markets Without the gnomes, the financial futures markets would have a much different history I vi Introduction C teenth century, an old man was accosted by several ruffians intent on robbing him When they discovered that he was none other than Old Hutch, a legendary pit trader on the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT), they ran off, leaving him with his money and bragging rights forever Such was the power of commodities traders in the nineteenth century They and the exchanges where they plied their trade were sources of legend and loathing Almost from the very beginning, the markets have been called every imaginable name, from gambling dens to vital centers of commerce They have been decried as having no economic value, yet praised as valuable marketing mechanisms After 150 years, their place in financial markets is vital and still disputed The commodities futures markets invite a wide panoply of interpretation—from being the home of Satan himself to the cathedrals of the messiahs of business, depending upon one’s point of view Certainly, there has been no shortage of opinion How these simple markets could evoke such deep emotions O vii .. .WHEELS OF FORTUNE The History of Speculation from Scandal to Respectability Charles R Geisst John Wiley & Sons, Inc WHEELS OF FORTUNE WHEELS OF FORTUNE The History of Speculation from Scandal. .. to injury, the corners and the plungers both seemed to quite well financially, while the average investor never seemed to get ahead of the game The markets appeared rigged in favor of the professional... boundaries, and the rules of the game only seemed to be made up along the way The longs and the shorts stood opposite each other to have a shoot-out of sorts, with the stronger, more dexterous