The professional counselor s desk reference second edition

The Professional Counselor’s Desk Reference Irmo Marini, PhD, DSc, CRC, CLCP, is currently a professor in the department of rehabilitation at the University of Texas-Pan American He earned his master’s in clinical psychology from Lakehead University in Thunder Bay, Canada, and his PhD in rehabilitation from Auburn University in Alabama Over his 22-year academic career, Dr Marini earned two outstanding faculty research awards at Arkansas State, three faculty research awards at Pan-American, two outstanding teaching awards at Pan-American, and one service award On a national level, he was the recipient of the 2009 Distinguished Career in Rehabilitation Education Award by the National Council on Rehabilitation Education, and, a year later, received the 2010 James F Garrett Distinguished Career Award in rehabilitation research from the American Rehabilitation Counseling Association He was also voted the National Council on Rehabilitation Education’s 2013 recipient of the Rehabilitation Educator of the Year Award In 2012, Dr Marini received an honorary doctorate in science from his alma mater, Lakehead University To date, he has published more than 75 peer-reviewed journal publications and 30 book chapters, and coauthored and coedited four books on counseling and rehabilitation counseling psychology−related topics He is former president of the American Rehabilitation Counseling Association and former chair of the Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification Mark A Stebnicki, PhD, LPC, DCMHS, CRC, CCM, is a professor and coordinator of the Military and Trauma Counseling Certificate Program he developed in the Department of Addictions and Rehabilitation Studies at East Carolina University He holds a doctoral and master’s degree in rehabilitation counseling Dr Stebnicki is also certified by the Washington, DC−based crisis response team National Organization for Victim Assistance (NOVA) and North Carolina’s American Red Cross Disaster Mental Health crisis team Dr Stebnicki is an active teacher, researcher, and practitioner with more than 30 years’ experience working with the mental health and psychosocial rehabilitation needs of persons who have traumatic stress, chronic illnesses, and disabilities He has written six books: The Psychological and Social Impact of Illness and Disability (6th ed., 2012, Springer Publishing), The Professional Counselors’ Desk Reference (first and second editions, 2008 and 2016, Springer Publishing), Empathy Fatigue: Healing the Mind, Body, and Spirit of Professional Counselors (2008, Springer Publishing), What Is Adolescent Mental Health? Helping Disconnected and At-Risk Youth to Become Whole (2007), and Youth At-Risk: Foundations of Adolescent Mental Health and Resiliency (2005) He has written more than 26 articles in peer-reviewed journals, and has presented at more than 85 regional, state, and national conferences, seminars, and workshops, on topics ranging from youth violence, traumatic stress, empathy fatigue, and the psycho­social aspects of adults with chronic illnesses and disabilities Dr Stebnicki has served on multiple professional counseling and accreditation boards He served on the crisis response team for the Westside Middle School shootings in Jonesboro, Arkansas (March 24, 1998), and has done many stress debriefings with private companies, schools, and government employees after i­ncidents of workplace violence, hurricanes, tornadoes, and floods His youth violence prevention program, the Identification, Early Intervention, Prevention, and Preparation (IEPP) Program, has been awarded national recognition by the American Counseling Association (ACA) Foundation for its vision and excellence Other accolades include consulting with former president Bill Clinton’s staff on addressing the students of Columbine High School after their critical incident (April 20, 1999) The Professional Counselor’s Desk Reference Second Edition Irmo Marini, PhD, DSc, CRC, CLCP Mark A Stebnicki, PhD, LPC, DCMHS, CRC, CCM Editors Copyright © 2016 Springer Publishing Company, LLC All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Springer Publishing Company, LLC, or authorization through payment of the appropriate fees to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600, info@copyright.com or on the Web at www.copyright.com Springer Publishing Company, LLC 11 West 42nd Street New York, NY 10036 www.springerpub.com Acquisitions Editor: Nancy S Hale Composition: Newgen KnowledgeWorks ISBN: 978-0-8261-7181-8 e-book ISBN: 978-0-8261-7182-6 15 16 17 18 19/ The author and the publisher of this Work have made every effort to use sources believed to be reliable to provide information that is accurate and compatible with the standards generally accepted at the time of publication The author and publisher shall not be liable for any special, consequential, or exemplary damages resulting, in whole or in part, from the readers’ use of, or reliance on, the information contained in this book The publisher has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party Internet websites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The professional counselor’s desk reference / Irmo Marini, Mark A Stebnicki, editors — Second edition p ; cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 978-0-8261-7181-8 I Marini, Irmo, editor II Stebnicki, Mark A., editor [DNLM: Counseling WM 55] BF636.6 2015016795 158.3—dc23 Special discounts on bulk quantities of our books are available to corporations, professional associations, pharmaceutical companies, health care organizations, and other qualifying groups If you are interested in a custom book, including chapters from more than one of our titles, we can provide that service as well For details, please contact: Special Sales Department, Springer Publishing Company, LLC 11 West 42nd Street, 15th Floor, New York, NY 10036–8002 Phone: 877–687-7476 or 212–431-4370; Fax: 212–941-7842 E-mail: sales@springerpub.com Printed in the United States of America by McNaughton & Gunn There really are not any new words or phrases I can think of that I have not already expressed in my first four book dedications to describe my wife, Darlene When you have a partner who supports you, literally helps you, and represents the lighthouse in the dense fog of your tribulations, there are no words to express that gratitude and appreciation Darlene remains the most selfless person I will ever know She remains the strongest person I will ever know I would not be here, I would have no accolades, I would not have the resilience and perseverance had she not stayed Everything I have accomplished has had her invisible signature on it To my love and my friend, thank you  Irmo It would be difficult to visualize writing and coediting a book like The Professional Counselor’s Desk Reference (PCDR) with any colleague other than you, Irmo Our brief year together at Arkansas State University in Psychology and Counseling forged a lifelong relationship that goes considerably beyond collegial Our mantra of work hard–play hard had no boundaries from early morning hours to late night We basically created our own culture of mixing a deep friendship with creatively developing projects that we had not even envisioned yet, such as PCDR Somehow we managed to blend our families together with Darlene, Bandit, Bonnie, Mark, and Sarah to share in something so special that it would take another book to describe I am honored to have started my career with you I have much gratitude for your mentorship, friendship, and craftsmanship  Mark Contents Contributors  xi Foreword Gerald Corey, EdD  xix A Tribute to Jane E Myers: A Pioneer in   Wellness and a Leader in the Counseling  Profession Thomas J Sweeney, PhD, LPC   xxi Preface  xxv Acknowledgments  xxvii Introduction  xxix The Professional Counselor’s Desk Reference, Second Edition SECTION A The Identity of Professional Counselors A Brief History of Counseling and Specialty Areas of Practice   Michael J Leahy, Eniko Rak, and Stephen A Zanskas The Roles and Functions of Professional Counselors  9 Julie Chronister, Chih-Chin Chou, and Fong Chan What Practitioners Need to Know About Professional Credentialing   17 Vilia M Tarvydas, Michael T Hartley, and Michael Gerald Clinical Supervision Within Counseling Practice   23 James T Herbert SECTION B Professional, Ethical, and Practice Management Issues in Counseling Tools and Strategies for Developing Your Own Counseling Private Practice   33 Norman C Dasenbrook Raising the Bar: New Concepts in the 2014 ACA Code of Ethics  37 David M Kaplan A Synopsis of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and the Affordable Care Act   43 Blanca Robles  8 Contracting Strategies With Managed Care and Other Agencies   49 Robert J Walsh  9 The Electronic Health Record and the Mental Health Professional   55 Robert James Campbell 10 Managing Risk in Ethical and Legal Situations  61 Sara P Johnston, Vilia M Tarvydas, and Maggie Butler 11 Professional Disclosure in Counseling   69 Lloyd R Goodwin, Jr 12 Clinical Supervision of Rehabilitation Counselors   75 James T Herbert SECTION C Case Management and Consultation Issues 13 Conducting an Intake Interview   83 Gail Mears 14 Resource Brokering: Managing the Referral Process   87 William Crimando 15 How to Develop Treatment Plans   93 Gail Mears 16 Enhancing Client Return After the First Session, and Alternatively Dealing With Early Termination   99 Irmo Marini 17 Effective Use of Therapeutic Homework Assignments  105 Nancy A Pachana and Nikolaos Kazantzis 18 Community-Based Rehabilitation: Context for Counseling   111 Michael J Millington viii n Contents SECTION D Multicultural Counseling Issues 19 The Elephant in the Room: Cultural Distrust Directed at White Counselors   119 Euchay N Horsman, Valerie J Rodriguez, and Irmo Marini 20 The Native American Indian Client   127 Winona F Simms 21 Multicultural Issues in Counseling African Americans   133 Chuck Reid 22 Multicultural Issues in Counseling Asian Americans   139 Dibya D Choudhuri 23 Mental Health Counseling With Hispanics/ Latinos: The Role of Culture in Practice   145 Maria G Romero-Ramirez 24 Counseling Persons From Middle Eastern Backgrounds   151 Nathalie D Mizelle 25 Counseling White Americans   155 Nathalie D Mizelle 26 Cultural Issues in Counseling Lesbians, Gays, and Bisexuals   159 Angela D Ferguson 27 Rural Mental Health Counseling   163 Adina J Smith, Jill Thorngren, and John C Christopher 28 Counseling Persons Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing   169 Shawn P Saladin 29 The Use of Multiracial Feminism Within Counseling   175 Leticia Arellano-Morales SECTION E Counseling Theories and Techniques 30 Psychoanalysis  183 Nancy McWilliams 31 Basics of Cognitive Behavior Therapy   191 Arthur Freeman and Sharon E Morgillo Freeman 32 Reality Therapy   197 Paul P Alston 33 Existential–Humanistic Psychotherapy   201 Kirk J Schneider 34 Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy   207 Nando Pelusi 35 Behavior Therapy   211 Geoffrey L Thorpe and Sandra T Sigmon 36 Disability-Affirmative Therapy   215 Rhoda Olkin 37 Adlerian Therapy   225 Jon Carlson and Jean Johnson 38 Solution-Focused Brief Psychotherapy   229 Eva Miller and Irmo Marini 39 Motivational Interviewing   235 Grant Corbett 40 Gestalt Therapy   241 Philip Brownell 41 Feminist Therapy   247 Kathy M Evans and Markesha Miller SECTION F Career Counseling AND Human Growth and Development 42 Historical Perspectives in Career Development Theory   255 David B Hershenson 43 Occupational Choice and the Meaning of Work   261 Ellen S Fabian 44 What Counselors Should Know About School-to-Work Transition   267 Paul H Wehman and Jennifer Todd McDonough 45 Career Counseling Across the Life Span   273 Glacia Ethridge, David Burnhill, and Shengli Dong 46 Work, Careers, and Disability   279 Kim L MacDonald-Wilson 47 Career Development Theories   285 Brian Hutchison and Spencer G Niles 48 Key Concepts and Techniques for an Aging Workforce  291 Susanne M Bruyère, Debra A Harley, Charlene M Kampfe, and John S Wadsworth SECTION G Assessment and Diagnosis 49 What Counselors Should Know About Personality Assessments   299 Mary Louise Cashel 50 Understanding the Use of Aptitude Tests in Counseling   305 Suzanne M Dugger 51 Diagnostic Assessment in Clinical Counseling   311 David B Peterson Contents 52 Understanding Mental and Physical Functional Capacity Evaluations   321 Irmo Marini 53 The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health: Applications for Professional Counseling   329 David B Peterson 54 What Counselors Should Know About Vocational Assessment and Evaluation   337 Steven R Sligar and Stephen W Thomas SECTION H Counseling Couples, Families, and Groups 55 Family Assessment   345 Simone F Lambert and JEMEG Dees 56 Guidelines in Counseling Families   351 Simone F Lambert, Alfreda Renae Carmichael, and Lanada Williams 57 Effective Counseling With Couples   357 Nancy Newport 58 A Guide to Having a Healthy Family   363 Samuel T Gladding 59 Theory and Practice of Counseling Families   367 Jessica E Lambert and Robert A Williams 60 Working With Individuals in Groups   375 Ed Jacobs and Christine J Schimmel 61 Involuntary Members in a Group   381 Christine J Schimmel, Ed Jacobs, and Jennifer R Adams 62 Challenging Childhood Behaviors  385 Jeannie A Golden 63 Counseling LGBTQ Families   393 Jeffrey F Thomas 64 Counseling LGBTQ Couples and Partners   403 Joel M Filmore, David Baretto, and Noel A Ysasi 65 Counseling Families of Active Duty Military and Returning Veterans   409 Noel A Ysasi, Irasema Silva, and Alicia D Becton SECTION I Counseling Specific Populations 66 Counseling Individuals With Disabilities   417 Julie Smart 67 Psychiatric Disability: A Biopsychosocial Challenge  423 Gregory G Garske n ix 68 Sexual Abuse Treatment   427 Noreen M Graf 69 Counseling Criminal Justice Clients   433 David J Simourd 70 Disaster Mental Health Response and Stress Debriefing   439 Mark A Stebnicki 71 Substance Abuse Assessment   449 Lloyd R Goodwin, Jr 72 Treatment for Substance Use Disorders   457 Lloyd R Goodwin, Jr 73 Counseling the Terminally Ill and Their Families   469 Kriss A Kevorkian 74 Assistive Technology and Persons With Disabilities   475 Marcia J Scherer 75 Counseling Issues in College Students   483 Perry C Francis 76 School Violence: Prevalence, Impact, Assessment, and Intervention   489 JoLynn V Carney 77 Military Counseling   499 Mark A Stebnicki 78 Counseling Older Adults: Practical Implications  507 Eva Miller and Chuck Reid 79 Counseling Caregivers   513 Irmo Marini 80 Cultural and Clinical Issues When Working With Sexual Minorities of Color   519 Angela D Ferguson SECTION J Contemporary Issues in Counseling 81 Positive Psychology   527 Christopher Peterson and Nansook Park 82 From Empathy Fatigue to Empathy Resiliency  533 Mark A Stebnicki 83 Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Medications   547 Kimberly A Williams and Melanie B Varnado 84 Counselor Burnout   555 Ted F Riggar 85 Religion and Spirituality in Counseling   559 Perry C Francis 86 Counseling Persons With Chronic Pain   565 Carrie Winterowd and Winona F Sims Index ICD-10, 47, 56 International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health, 313 9th revision, clinical modification, 314 10th revision, clinical modification, 313–314 11th revision, clinical modification, 314 International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF), 111, 329–336, 515 application of, 332–333 body functions, structures, activities, and participation, 332 context, 332 qualifiers, 332 core sets of, 334 data on functioning enhances diagnostic information, 329–330 disability is ubiquitous and increasing, 330 ethical use of, 334 interactions among components of, 331 managed care and medical information management, 330 models of disability, 330–331 professionals’ use of, 332–333 structure of, 331–332 context, 332 individual, 332 terminology, 331 disability, 331 impairment, 331 universe of well-being and functioning, 331 utility of, 330 International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps (ICIDH), 329 International List of Causes of Death, 329 International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD), 329 internment camps, 122 interoceptive exposure exercises, 212 interpersonal communication, of Asian Americans, 140–141 interpersonal-developmentalexistential (I-D-E) perspective, 230–231, 232 interpersonal harmony, of Asian Americans, 140 interpersonal issues, in sexual abuse treatment, 431 interpersonal psychoanalysis, 185–186 interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), 231 for older adult with depression, 507–508 interpretation (psychoanalysis), 185 interpretation stage in Adlerian therapy, 227 interpreters, sign-language, 171 intersectional hierarchies, and multiracial feminism, 177 intersubjectivity (psychoanalysis), 186 interventions, treatment, 96 interviews behavioral assessment, 387 with criminal justice clients, 434 intake See intake interview intimate partner violence (IPV), in military, 504 intrafamilial sexual abuse, 431 Inventory of Common Problems, 486 Inventory of Drinking Situations, 453 Inventory of Family Protective Factors (IFPF), 348 investigation, HIPAA, 45 investigative personality, 285 in vivo desensitization, in cognitive behavioral therapy, 194 involuntary groups, 381–384 irrationality, types of, 209–210 Islam, and Middle Eastern Americans, 152 issues of clients, resolving in reality therapy, 199 item response theory (IRT), 316, 317 I-thou encounter in E–H therapy, 202 in Gestalt therapy, 242–243 James, William, 201 Japanese Americans, 122 Jewish families, emotional expression in, 156 Job Accommodation Network (JAN), 280 job application process, discrimination of older workers in, 294 job expectation, and burnout, 556 job satisfaction definition, 261 and occupational choice, 261–262 and self-concept, 286 job shadowing, for vocational evaluation, 338 job site tour, for vocational evaluation, 338 journeying, 599 judgments of clients, 86 and conditions, 600 n 683 jurisdictions, of counseling practice, 64–65 justice community-based rehabilitation for, 112 principle of, 37 karma, 600 kinesthesia (E–H therapy), 201, 202 kinesthetic love language, 361 knowledge aptitude tests for measuring, 307–308 areas of counselors, 11–12 knowndonorregistry.com, 396 koans, parables, and storytelling, 600 Kumho Tire Co v Carmichael, 579–580 labeling (cognitive distortion), 193 language, of Native American Indians, 127 Lao-Tsu, 527 late deafened people, 169 later onset disabilities, 217, 220 Latino Americans See Hispanics/ Latinos (H/Ls) Latino ethnic psychology, 149 Lazarus, Arnold, 211 leadership See also groups learned helplessness, for posttraumatic stress disorder behaviors, 212 learning style preferences, for vocational evaluation, 338 learning theory of career counseling (LTCC), 287 leaving of members, from involuntary groups, 384 legal guardians, and confidentiality, 72 legalized unions, for LGBTQ couples, 404 legal situations, risk management in, 61–68 legislation and LGBTQ families, 393–394 related to work and disability, 280 leisure, community-based rehabilitation for, 112 lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals, 159–162 counseling implications, 162 cultural identity, 160–161 sexual identity formation, 159–160 therapeutic considerations, 161–162 lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people career counseling for, 276 families assessment of, 348 family counseling of, 354 684 n Index lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ) community, 38 competencies, of addiction counselors, 11 couples/partners, 403–407 characteristics of same-sex couples, 404–405 gender roles and sexual behavior, 405 and heterosexual couples, similarities and differences between, 405–406 homophobia and internalized homophobia, 405 legalized unions, 404 prevalence, 403–404 support systems, 405 theories and strategies, 351, 354, 406–407 lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ) families, 393–401 changes abound for same-sex couples, 393 formation, 394–397 adoption and foster parenting, 395 pregnancy with a known donor, 395–396 pregnancy with an unknown donor, 396 stepfamilies and blended families, 396–397 legislation, 393–394 LGBTQ affirmative therapy, 397–399 coming out in perpetuity, 398–399 heterosexism, 397–398 sexual identity models, 398 and science, 394 Level of Personality Functioning Scale (LPFS), 315 Lewinsohn, Peter, 212 liability insurance policy, 67 liberal feminists, 248 licensed mental health counselor (LMHC), 20 role in managed health care, 50 licensed professional counselor (LPC), 14, 19, 21, 579 licensing/licensure of counselors, 7, 13, 14, 19–20 titles across the United States, 20 life chapters exercise of career development, 288 lifelong education, community-based rehabilitation for, 112 life meanings (E-H psychotherapy), 203 life planning, for older persons, 292 life review (LR) therapy, 470 for older persons, 292 with depression, 507–508 Life Skills Training, 495 life-space conception of occupation, 256 life span career counseling across, 273–278 life space theory, 286 stages of career development, 256 lifestyle of clients, 225, 226 lifetime risk of acquiring substance use disorders, 449 linkage meetings, for monitoring referrals, 89 listening skill, 469 lithium, 574 livelihood, community-based rehabilitation for, 112 logical positivistic approach, of Native Americans, 129 logical strategies, in cognitive behavioral therapy, 194 love-intimacy, 225 love languages, and couples counseling, 360–361 lowered expectations, and people with disabilities, 418 Magellan Behavioral Health, 53 maintenance (stage of change), 94, 100, 459 majnun, 152 major depressive disorder, in children and adoloscents, 552 malpractice, 62, 65, 66 managed health care, 49 back-door method for gaining access to, 50 companies, and confidentiality, 72 cost-effective strategies, 52–54 solo practice to multiple therapist office, 52–54 electronic class submission, 51–52 and family counseling, 351 and ICF, 330 national provider identifier and Council for Affordable Quality Healthcare, 51 reimbursement issues, 51 and treatment plans, 93 types, 49–50 mandatory credentialing, 63 man-made disasters, family counseling for, 355 marginalized persons, 585 marital and family therapy (MFT), in rural areas, 165–166 marital counseling, confidentiality in, 72 Marital Satisfaction Inventory, Revised (MSI-R), 346 marketing, for private practice, 33, 34, 36 plans, 35 marriage and family, 363 and family counseling center, relationships, community-based rehabilitation for, 112 marriage counselors, roles and functions of, 10 Marter, Joyce, 34 Maslow, Abraham, 201, 527 Massacre at Sand Creek of 1864, 121 Massacre of 1890 at Wounded Knee, 121 massage therapy, 566–567 master addictions counselor (MAC), 18 Matching Person and Technology (MPT) model, 475, 477, 479 assessments, 478 matching theories, of career development, 257 Mayo, Elton, 261 meaning and purpose of life, and healing, 597 measures of special abilities, 306, 307, 308 mediational model, and cognitive behavior therapy, 191 medical billing service company, outsourcing to, 52 medical billing software systems, 51, 52 medical care, community-based rehabilitation for, 111 medical decision making, for disability, 215–216 medical errors reduction, and electronic health records, 59 medical history of clients, 85 medical information management, and ICF, 330 medical model, 100 of aging, 291–292 of disability, 216–217, 330, 331, 479 medical traumas, and disability, 216 medical understanding of disability, 280 Medicare, 47 medications -assisted substance abuse treatment, 462 for psychiatric rehabilitation, 425 for sexual abuse, 428 Meichenbaum, Donald, 212 mental competency, of accused, 434 mental disturbance, of Middle Eastern Americans, 152 Index mental functional capacity evaluation (MFCE), 321–324 mental health counseling eligibility, 579 issues of African Americans, 135–136 of Native American Indians, 130 prevalence in Hispanics/Latinos, 146 and rural communities, 163–164 counseling, 164 mental health care, application of motivational interviewing in, 235 mental health counselors, 49, 51 roles and functions of, 10 mental health disorders, and school violence, 490 mental health/mental retardation (MH/MR) services programs, 270 mental health services for Asian American and Pacific Islanders, 141 for Hispanics/Latinos, 145–146 current research and approaches, 148–149 for Native American Indians, 130–131 providers, application of HIPAA to, 44 mental illness, 423 of college students, 485–486 mentalization (psychoanalysis), 185 mental status examination, 85 mental status of clients, 85 Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 201 meta-analysis, for corrections best practices, 434–435, 436, 437 methadone, for substance use disorder, 462 Mexican Americans, 124, 145 See also Hispanics/Latinos (H/Ls) Mexican Revolution, 124 Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (MAST), 453 microaggressions, 520 microskills, of motivational interviewing, 236–237 Midas technique, in Adlerian therapy, 227 Middle Eastern Americans, 151–154 counseling issues, 152–153 demographics, 151 religion and spirituality, 152 midlife career transition, career counseling for, 274–275 Milan-style family counseling, for European Americans, 157 military counseling, 499 versus civilian counseling, 500, 503 combat exposure and theater of operations, 502–503 counselors’ training, deficiencies in, 499–500 and deployment cycle, 501–502 frequently reported health symptoms, 505 intake interview, 504 medical and psychosocial adjustment issues, 504–505 military occupation and career, 501 for posttraumatic stress disorder, 503–504 understanding cultural attributes of military, 500 military families, family counseling of, 354 military history of clients, 85 military sexual trauma (MST), 504 military veterans, counseling for families of, 409–414 Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI/MCMI-III), 300 MCMI-III, 300, 486 Millon College Counseling Inventory, 486 mind, body, and spirit and empathy fatigue, 536 foundations of, 596–597 exploration of, 596 principles, 597–602 healing and, 595 integration of, 594–596 mind-body connection, 536 mind-body interventions, for chronic pain, 567 mindfulness, 213, 600 and chronic pain management, 567 for students affected by violence, 495 mind reading (cognitive distortion), 193 minimization (cognitive distortion), 193–194 Minnesota Importance Questionnaire, 262 Minnesota Job Description Questionnaire, 262 Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), 188, 345 MMPI-2, 300, 301, 486 Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, 262 minority clients, second visit of, 99, 119–126 family assessment, 348 minors and confidentiality, 72 professional disclosure statement for, 70 n 685 miracles and things we cannot control, 598 misperceptions of counselor, and ethical complaints, 62–63 missed appointments, 73 mixed hearing loss, 169, 170 mobility of counselors, and credentialing, 21 modeling, in cognitive behavioral therapy, 194 models of disability, 330–331 monitoring of referral, 88–89 monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), 573 mood of clients, 85 at work and home, 264 mood disorders, in children and adolescents, 552–553 mood stabilizers, prescribed in children and adolescents, 549–550 moral development, 561 moral model of disability, 216–217 mortality rates, of American Indians, 121 motivation of clients, fostering in reality therapy, 199–200 role in cognitive behavior therapy, 192 and treatment plans, 93 motivational enhancement therapy (MET), for substance use disorders, 459 motivational interviewing (MI), 99–100, 235–239 evidence for effectiveness, 235–236 major concerns for, 237–238 microskills of, 236–237 philosophy of, 236 principles of, 236–237 for substance use disorders, 459 techniques, 236 for evoking and reinforcing change talk, 237 mourning anticipatory, 471 definition, 469 tasks of, 471 movement activities, 601 movement exercises, in involuntary groups, 383, 384 moving in stage (midlife career/ retirement transition), 275 moving out stage (midlife career/ retirement transition), 275 moving through stage (midlife career/ retirement transition), 275 multi-aptitude test batteries, 307 686 n Index multicultural counseling approaches, 593 in counseling aging workforce, 294 career counseling, 276 veterans and their families, 412 within group supervision, 26–27 mind, body, and spirit See mind, body, and spirit practice, 605 theory, misapplication in group discussion, 27 in treatment plans, 93 multiculturalism, 159 multidisciplinary pain treatment, 567 multigenerational family counseling, 353 multimodal assessment, 191 multiple group memberships, and lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals, 160 multiple therapist office, solo practice to, 52–54 multiracial feminism, 176–178 inclusion of diverse methodologies and theoretical approaches, 178 interlocking inequalities, 176–177 intersectional nature of hierarchies, 177 relational nature of dominance and subordination, 177 resilience and strengths, 178 understandings of diverse women, 178 multiscale measures, for personality assessment, 300 multisystemic therapy, 495 in family counseling, 353 multivariate analysis, for personality assessment, 300 music therapy, for sexual abuse, 428, 429 “must” statements (cognitive distortion), 193 mutual-help groups, 74 for substance use disorders, 459 Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), 188, 300, 345 naltrexone, for substance use disorder, 462 narcissism, 186 Narcotics Anonymous, 74, 457, 462 narrative approach to career development, 288 narrative family counseling, 353 National Adoption Center, 394 National Bar Association, 135 National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC), 5, 6, 9, 13, 14, 18, 62, 63, 70 Code of Ethics, 62 National Board of Forensic Evaluators, 579 National Career Development Association (NCDA), 19, 628 National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 594 national certification agencies, 62, 64 national certified counselor (NCC), 6, 18, 61, 63–64 national certified school counselor (NCSC), 18 National Clearinghouse on Alcohol and Drug Information, 453, 454 National Clinical Mental Health Counseling Examination (NCMHCE), 14 National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), 311 National Conference of State Legislatures, 404 National Counselor Examination for Licensure and Certification (NCE), 6, 14, 18, 20 National Credentials Registry (NCR), 21 National Defense Education Act 1958, National Employment Counseling Association (NECA), 628 National Foster Parent Association, 394 National Guard, 409 National Indian Education Association, 128 National Institutes of Health (NIH), 594 National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH), 311, 423 National Medical Association, 135 National Organization for Marriage, 394 National Organization for Victims’ Assistance (NOVA) Group Crisis response model, 439 national provider identifier (NPI) NPI number, 53 role in managed health care, 51 National Rehabilitation Association (NRA), 13, 628 National Rehabilitation Counseling Association (NRCA), 13, 628 National Violence Against Women’s Study, 429 Native American Indians (NAIs), 127–131 definition of, 119 experiences of, 120–121 implications for counseling, 121 factors that affect, 127–130 cultural validation, 128 demographics, 128 education, 128–129 language and names, 127 poverty, 128 sovereignty and citizenship, 129 values, 129–130 mental health concerns, 130 assessment of problem, 130 prominent issues, 130 mental health service for, 130–131 natural disasters coping, 613 family counseling for, 355 risk factors following, 613 natural recovery from substance use disorder, 461 need principle, of offender rehabilitation, 435–436, 437 needs structure theory, and career development, 257 negative emotions, 207–208 negative tone of members, in involuntary groups, 381 negligence (ethics), 65–66 neighborhood risk factors of school violence, 490 Neill, Alexander Sutherland, 527 Nelson-Gray, Rosemary, 212 Neo-Personality Inventory (NEO-PI), 300 netsource billing, 52 neurochemical theory, of schizophrenia, 571–572 neuroses (psychoanalysis), 183, 185 neurotransmitter theory, of depression, 573–574 neutrality (psychoanalysis), 185 new effective philosophy (rational emotive behavior therapy), 209 nightmares, 212 1966 Hough Riots of Hough, Cleveland, 123 non-compete clause, in managed health care contracts, 53 noncompletion of homework assignments, 108 noncriminogenic need areas, 435 nonevents, in healthy families, 365 nonformal education, communitybased rehabilitation for, 112 nonmaleficence, principle of, 37, 90 nonmonogamous behavior, in LGBTQ couples, 405 nontraditional student, 484–485 normative role of people with disabilities, 418 Northern European Americans, 155–156 not knowing (psychoanalysis), 187 nuclear family, of military veterans, 410, 411 numbing, and sexual abuse, 430 Index Obama, Barack, 47 obesity, and chronic pain, 567 objectives, treatment, 96 objective tests, in personality assessment, 300 strengths and limitations, 300–301 object relations psychoanalysis, 185–186 obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), 232 in children and adolescents, 552 obsessive perfectionism, 185 occupational aspirations, 286–287 occupational choice counseling interventions, 264 and job satisfaction, 261–262 person–environment fit models, 262–263 Occupational Mental Health Model, 501 Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services (OSERS), 267 O J Simpson murder trial (1994), 123 older adults alcohol and illicit drugs abuse, 510–511 anxiety disorders in, 508–509 best practices guide for working with, 511 delirium in, 509–510 dementia in, 509 depression in, 507–508 over-the-counter drugs, misuse of, 510 prescription drugs, misuse of, 510 psychosis in, 510 TBI experienced by explosions, 505 older workers See aging workforce Olweus Bullying Prevention Program, 495 one-question screening for alcohol use disorder, 450–451 One Stop Career Centers, 281 one-up position of leader, in involuntary groups, 382 online billing for insurance carrier, 51 online websites for entering claims, 51–52 on-the-job evaluation, for vocational evaluation, 338 open-ended questions in intake interview, 84 in motivational interviewing, 237 Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), 409, 411 Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), 409, 411 Operation Wetback of 1954, 124 oppositional defiant disorder, in children and adolescents, 553 oppression, 585–586 economic impact of, 586 and gender, 247–248 health disparities impact of, 586–587 psychosocial impact of, 587–588 order entry management, in electronic health records, 57 ordering techniques, for personality assessment, 300 organizational conflict, and burnout, 555, 556-557 organizational studies, 261 organizational work life, and burnout, 557–558 organizations, professional counseling, 625–629 orientation of clients, 86 for intake interview, 84 “ought to” statements (cognitive distortion), 193 outcome expectations, and career decision making, 288 outer circle, in involuntary groups, 383 out of custody criminal justice clients, 434 out-of-network providers, 50 out-of-state licensed counselors, 40 out-of-the-box techniques, in involuntary groups, 382 outside members, in involuntary groups, 384 outsourcing to medical billing service company, 52 overgeneralization (cognitive distortion), 193 overhearing technique, in groups, 378 paid work, for older persons, 292 pain, 565 acute pain, defined, 565 chronic See chronic pain disability-related, 217 idiopathic/unspecified, 565 origin of, 565 types of, 565–566 panic disorder, in children and adolescents, 551–552 paper-and-pencil scholastic aptitude test, 309 paper medical records access to, 56 allure of, 55 content of, 56 format of, 56 integration of, 56–57 report generation in, 58 paradoxical techniques, for European Americans, 157 n 687 Parent–Child Relationship Inventory (PCRI), 347 parent–children relationship, and career development, 256 Parenting Stress Index (PSI-4), 347 parenting style, reframing, 386 parents behaviors of, 386–388 and confidentiality, 72 goals regarding children’s behaviors at home, 388–389 interacting with children, new ways of, 388 teaching children about disability, 215 trust building with, 385–386 parent training (PT) in behavioral therapy, 213 for students affected by violence, 493 parkinsonism, 424 partial sessions, 73 participant modeling, 212 participation level of members, in involuntary groups, 382 parts model, and couples counseling, 357 pastoral counseling, 74 pathogenic beliefs (psychoanalysis), 187 patient, term, 184 patient health record (PHR), 58 patient portal, 58 payment methods, 73 Peale, Norman Vincent, 530 peer learning, in group supervision, 26 peers in group discussion, multicultural conflicts, 26–27 peer social networks, and school violence, 490 peer vicarious learning, in group discussion, 27 people with disabilities (PWDs), 417–421 aptitude tests for, 309–310 biomedical model See biomedical model of disability career counseling for, 276 disability exhaustion, 419–420 empowerment, 420 enforced idleness, 420 feelings, 417–418 generalizations and categorizations, 418 group identity, 419 identity of, 418, 419 meaning of “chronic,” 420 mental functional capacity evaluation, 321–324 normative role of, 418 physical functional capacity evaluation, 324–327 and popular media, 419 688 n Index people with disabilities (PWDs)(cont.) prejudice and discrimination against, 419 self-esteem of, 419 spread, 418 sympathy and lowered expectations, 418 people without disabilities (PWODs), 418, 419 periodic evaluation of referral, 88–89 persistent depressive (dysthymic) disorder, in children and adoloscents, 552 personal assistance, community-based rehabilitation for, 112 Personal Authority in the Family System Questionnaire (PAFS), 346 personal biases, in substance abuse assessment, 452 personal control, of older persons, 292 personal decision making, in wellness counseling, 619–620 personal goals, and career decision making, 288 personalismo, of Hispanics/Latinos, 146–147 personality definition of, 299 and environment, 424–425 theories, of career development, 256–257 traits, of violent students, 490 Personality Assessment Inventory, 300 personality assessments, 299–303 definition of, 299 ethical issues, 302 interpretive considerations, 301–302 measures, 299–301 objective tests, 300 projective tests, 299–300 selecting appropriate tests, 301 strengths and limitations of personality and projective tests, 300–301 personality disorders behavioral therapy for, 213 of criminal justice clients, 434 DSM-5 on, 315 personality inventories, 300, 301 personalization (cognitive distortion), 193 personal journey to therapist, 361 personal values, ACA Code of Ethics on, 38, 62 personal virtual relationship, 39–40 person-centered approach See clientcentered interpersonal skills person-centered theoretical orientation, 95 person–environment fit models, 273 of career development, 285–286 and job satisfaction, 262–263 persons of color, career counseling for, 275–276 Pew Research Center (PRC; 2014), 393 pharmacologic treatment, for psychiatric disability, 424 pharmacotherapy, for substance use disorder, 462 phenomenological behaviorism, 241 phenomenological method, of Gestalt therapy, 242 philosophical strategies, in cognitive behavioral therapy, 194 philosophy of brief psychotherapy, 230 of motivational interviewing, 236 of psychiatric rehabilitation, 425 of working with parents and children, 386 phobic reactions, and sexual abuse, 430 phototherapy, for sexual abuse, 428, 429 physical abuse, of children with disability, 216 physical boundaries, and sexual abuse, 430 physical demands, and job performance, 324 physical disabilities, and oppression, 587–588 physical functional capacity evaluation (PFCE), 324–327 physical history of clients, 85 physical issues, in sexual abuse treatment, 429–430 physical security, 44 Pleasant Events Schedule, 213 point of service plan (POS), 50 polarized thinking (cognitive distortion), 193 Polish Americans, emotional expression of, 156 political participation, communitybased rehabilitation for, 113 popular media, depiction of people with disabilities, 419 population health management, in electronic health records, 58 populations served information, in professional disclosure statement, 71 positive communication styles of same-sex couples, 406 positive experiences, disqualifying/ discounting (cognitive distortion), 193 positive psychology, 527–530 assessment strategies, 529 history of, 527–528 measures, 529 and positive treatment, 530 techniques and interventions, 529–530 treatment goals, 528 positive refraining, for European Americans, 157 positive reinforcement, 211 positive thinking, 542 postdeployment, psychosocial issues of, 410–411 postlingual hearing loss, 169, 172 postmodern theories, of career development, 288 postsecondary options, in school-towork transition, 269 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 56 in Asian Americans, 141 behaviors, treating, 212 in children and adolescents, 552 in Hispanics/Latinos, 146 medication for, 577–578 and military veterans, 409, 410–411 related to combat exposure, 503–504, 505 and sexual abuse, 428 posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), in military occupation, 501, 504 poverty of African Americans, 133 and disability, 215 of Native American Indians, 128 status, and cytomegalovirus, 587 power analysis, in feminist therapy, 250, 251 power struggles, in involuntary groups, 382 practice legislation, 19 practice management software (PMS), 58 practitioner credentials, for counseling, 6–7 precontemplation (stage of change), 94, 100, 458 predeployment, in military, 409–410 predictions of aptitude tests, 308 in disaster mental health response, 442 preferred provider organization (PPO), 49–50 pregnancy and LGBTQ families with a known donor, 395–396 with an unknown donor, 396 and psychoactive substances, 463 and sexual abuse, 429 Index prejudice of lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals of color, 161 against Middle Eastern Americans, 151 against people with disabilities, 419 prelingual hearing loss, 169 premorbid personality, of aging workforce, 293 preparation for change (stage of change), 94, 100, 458 preschoolers, and deployment, 410 presence as goal, 203 as ground, 203 prestige of occupations, and career development, 256–257 primary education, community-based rehabilitation for, 112 principle of musts, in rational emotive behavior therapy, 208 privacy in electronic health records, 60 rights of minor clients, 70 Privacy Board, 46 privacy notice, HIPAA’s definition, 46 privacy of clients, in electronic communications, 40 privacy officer, 44 private logic, 226 private practice, 101 managed care See managed health care tools and strategies for developing, 33–36 proactive employer response, for aging workforce, 293–294 problem-oriented approach, of cognitive behavior therapy, 192 problems of clients, resolving in reality therapy, 199 in families, 368 reframing, 369–370 problem solving in homework assignments, 108 skills of heterosexual couples, 406 strategies, 569 Professional Association of Rehabilitation Counselors (PARC), 629 professional consequences of psychoanalytic movement, 188 professional counseling associations and organizations, 625–629 Professional Counseling Fund, 35 professional credentialing, 17–22 accreditation, 17–18 certification, 18–19 licensure, 19–20 trends and considerations, 20–21 counselor mobility, 21 globalization, 21 health care reform, 20–21 professional disclosure statement, 22, 69–74, 100 See also disclosure alternatives to counseling, 73 billing and insurance reimbursement, 73 clients’ rights to see files, 73 complaint procedures, 73 confidentiality, 72 counseling process and theoretical orientation, 71 counselor’s vacations, retirement, death, or impairment, 73 credentials, 71 emergency contact information, 73 explanations of dual relationships, 72 fees and methods of payment, 73 length and frequency of sessions, 72–73 populations served, 71 potential benefits and risks, 71–72 termination of counseling relationship, 73 treatment outcome, 73 professional distance, 243 professional ethics committees, 65 professional identity/recognition, of counseling, 5–7 professional issues of counselors, 12–14 professionalization of counseling practice, professional treatment, for substance use disorder, 461 professional values, ACA Code of Ethics on, 37 professional vocational evaluator (PVE), 339 profundity (E–H therapy), 201 programmable analog hearing aids, 171 progressive muscle relaxation, for students affected by violence, 495 PROJECT CORK, 454 projective tests, in personality assessment, 299–300 Project RENEW, 87 Project Towards No Drug Abuse, 495 prolonged exposure (PE), for sexual abuse, 428, 429 props, in groups, 378–379 prospective service provider, 88 protected health information (PHI), 45, 46 Protestants, in European Americans, 157 provider relations director, role in managed health care, 50 proximate cause (ethics), 65–66 n 689 psychiatric disabilities, 423–426 biological considerations, 424 biopsychosocial factors, 423–424 mental functional capacity evaluation for, 321–324 psychiatric rehabilitation approach, 425 practices, 425–426 psychosocial considerations, 424–425 psychiatric disorders in aging workforce, 293 prevalence of, 311–312 psychiatric medicines, 571–578 ADHD medication, 576–577 antianxiety drugs, 575–576, 577 antidepressants, 573–574, 577 antimanic drugs, 574–575, 577 antipsychotics, 571–573 for children and adoloscents, 547–554 frequently prescribed drugs, 572 medication usage and expenditures, 576 for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 577–578 selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), 574, 575–576, 577 and sexual function, 574 tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), 574 psychiatric rehabilitation approach, 425–426 practices, 426–427 psychoactive substance use, 452 prevalence of, 449–450 co-occurring problems, 450 psychoanalysis, 183–189 ego psychology, 184–185 evaluation of therapies, 187–188 Freudian theory and technique, 183–184 object relations and interpersonal psychoanalysis, 185–186 professional and cultural consequences of psychoanalytic movement, 188 relational psychoanalysis, 186–187 self psychology, 186 short-term and focused psychoanalytic therapies, 187 psychodynamic approaches for Asian Americans, 142 for European Americans, 157 psychodynamic psychotherapy, 101 for sexual abuse, 428 psychoeducation, 114 in cognitive behavior therapy, 192 for families of veterans, 412 groups, for substance use disorders, 459 for Hispanics/Latinos, 149 for returning veterans, 411 690 n Index psychological counseling, 607 psychological healing, psychological stress, 424 psychometric instruments, for vocational evaluation, 338 psychoneuroimmunology (PNI), 536 psychoses (psychoanalysis), 185 psychosexual fixation, and career development, 256 psychosis, in older adults, 510 psychosocial adaptation and adjustment to disaster rehabilitation, 613 psychosocial considerations, of psychiatric disability, 424–425 psychosocial–identity development theories, of college students, 486 psychosocial impact, of oppression, 587 psychosocial issues related to disability, 217–218 psychosocial programs, for psychiatric rehabilitation, 426 psychotherapists, 101 psychotherapy Beck’s system of, 106 child–parent psychotherapy for family violence, 353 existential-humanistic See existential-humanistic (E-H) psychotherapy with Hispanic men, 148 with Hispanic women, 148 interpersonal See interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) notes, 44 for psychiatric rehabilitation, 426 for sexual abuse, 428 solution-focused See solutionfocused brief psychotherapy psychotropic drugs for children and adolescents, 548–551 for older adults, 508 for students affected by violence, 493 public schools on tribal lands, 128 public speaking, role in private practice, 34, 35 public vocational rehabilitation program, 26 Puerto Ricans, 145 See also Hispanics/Latinos (H/Ls)) punishing, and substance use disorder treatment, 460 push-button technique, in Adlerian therapy, 227 Pygmalion effect, 199 qualities desired of supervisor, 25 quality assurance, of motivational interviewing, 237 quality of care, and electronic health records, 59 quality world of clients, 198 questions of group members, 376 of involuntary group members, 384 question technique, in Adlerian therapy, 227 quieting the mind, 600 race bias, in aptitude tests, 308–309 and client’s second visit, 99, 119–126 and multiracial feminism, 177 role in psychosocial development, 160 Racial and Cultural Identity Development Model, 141 racial discrimination and mental health, 587 and pain, 566 racial groups in United States, 119–120 racial identity of African Americans, 135–136 development models, 520 in career counseling, 276 racial minorities, as same-sex couples, 403–404 racial socialization, 249 racism, and African Americans, 135–136 radical feminists, 248 rage, and sexual abuse, 430 rapport with clients, 100 rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), 191, 207–210 main tenets, 207–209 secondary disturbances, 208–209 three main musts, 208 types of irrationality, 209–210 readiness for change, and treatment plans, 93 Readiness to Change Questionnaire, 453 realistic personality, 285 reality orientation therapy (ROT), for older adult with dementia reality testing, for sexual abuse, 429 reality therapy, 197–200 fostering motivation, 199–200 resolving problems and issues, 199 uniqueness of, 200 reasonable accommodation, 222 receptors, 572 recidivism, of criminal justice clients, 435 reciprocity, of Asian Americans, 140 recording therapy sessions, in cognitive behavioral therapy, 194 recovery, from substance use disorder, 461–462 Recovery Management Checkup model, of substance use disorder, 462 recreational activities of clients, 85 redeployment, in military, 410 RedPhone, 41 reentry students, 484 referral letter, 88 referrals fee splitting in, 41 for private practice, 34–35, 36 resource brokering See resource brokering sources, and confidentiality, 72 for vocational evaluation, 338–339 reflections (motivational interviewing), 237 reframing in Adlerian therapy, 227 in cognitive behavioral therapy, 194 Regnerus study, 394 Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1998, 609 relationship to school programs and youth with disabilities, 270–271 rehabilitation counseling, 18 community-based, 111–116 rehabilitation counselors, 324 clinical supervision of, 75–79 addressing the need for effective clinical supervision, 77–78 effective, ineffective, and harmful supervision, 76–77 minimal standards, 76 referral letter of, 88 roles and functions of, 10, 11 in school-to-work transition, 268, 269 Rehabilitation Counselors and Educators Association (RCEA), 13 rehabilitation therapies, for chronic pain, 566 Reiki, 472 reimbursement, insurance, 73 issues in managed health care, 51 relapse prevention planning, for substance use disorders, 459 relapse (stage of change), 100, 459 relatedness (career development), 286 relational homophobia, 405 relational psychoanalysis, 186–187 relationship stage in Adlerian therapy, 227 relaxation skill training, for substance use disorders, 459 relaxation techniques, 213 for students affected by violence, 495 Index reliability of clients, 86 religion, 559 of African Americans, 135 and assessment, 561–562 in healthy families, 364–365 interventions with, 562–563 of lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals of color, 161–162 of Middle Eastern Americans, 152 multicultural view of, 560–561 as a multidimensional concept, 559–560 and Native Americans, 129 religious development, 561 and secularism, integration of, 562–563 of White Americans, 157 religiousness, 560 religious values, discrimination based on, 38 remembering (psychoanalysis), 183 reminders, in electronic health records, 57 reminiscence therapy (RT), for older adult with depression, 508 reorientation stage in Adlerian therapy, 227 reporting electronic health records, 58 of sexual abuse, 427 vocational evaluation, 339, 341 repression (psychoanalysis), 183, 184 reservations, Native American, 128 workable services for clients on, 130 reservists, 409 residential schooling, of deaf people, 170 resilience and multiracial feminism, 178 of same-sex couples, 406–407 resistances in motivational interviewing, 236 in psychoanalysis, 184 resource brokering, 87–91 and client, 89–90 ethics, 90 and professional counselor, 87–89 ensuring efficient and effective use of resources, 88–89 gaining access to resources, 88 identifying and selecting service providers and vendors, 88 linking clients to service providers and vendors, 88 monitoring and evaluating the referral, 88–89 resources, in couples counseling, 360 respect, and Hispanics/Latinos, 146–147 response style, in personality assessment, 302 responsibility in E–H therapy, 201, 202 of members, in involuntary groups, 381–382 taking, 601 responsivity principle, of offender rehabilitation, 435–436, 437 results management, in electronic health records, 57 retirement of counselor, 73 retirement transition, career counseling for, 274–275 returning students, 484 revictimization, of sexual abuse victims, 428, 430 RIASEC codes, of career development, 257 right to due process, 66 risk assessment of clients, 86 risk exposure, and ethical complaints, 63 risk management, 61–68 ethical complaints, 61–63 prevention and maintenance, 67 process, 63–65 responding to, 65–66 ethicolegal governance system, 64 risk principle, of offender rehabilitation, 435–436, 437 rituals, of Native Americans, 129 Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 449 Rodney King riot (1992), 123 Rogers, Carl, 5, 100, 157, 186, 201, 236, 527 role-playing in cognitive behavioral therapy, 194 in groups, 378 in LGBTQ family counseling, 399 role reversal, in cognitive behavioral therapy, 194 roles division, in same-sex couples, 406 in healthy families, 365 Rollnick, Stephen, 235 romantic history, and disability, 216 romantic love, and couples counseling, 360 Roosevelt, Franklin, 122 Rorschach Inkblot Test, 188, 300, 301 rounds, for group members, 376 in involuntary groups, 383, 384 rugged individualism, of Southern European Americans, 156 rule of description (Gestalt therapy), 242 rule of epoché (Gestalt therapy), 242 rule of horizontalization (Gestalt therapy), 242 rural mental health counseling, 163–168 n 691 acceptability, 165–166 accessibility, 164–165 integration, 164–165 telehealth, 165–166 ethics, 166 bartering, 166 dual relationships, 166 rural communities, 163–164 mental health counseling in, 164 safe emergencies, 244 safety and electronic health records, 59 establishing in disaster mental health response, 440–441 same-sex couples changes abound for, 393 characteristics of, 404–405 same-sex parents, 395 sanctuary (E–H therapy), 203 Sartre, Jean-Paul, 201 satisfaction survey, 101, 102 schema-focused therapy, 191 schemas, in cognitive behavior therapy, 192, 193 schizophrenia biopsychosocial perspective on, 423 neurochemical theory of, 571–572 scholastic aptitude tests, 306–308 school-age children and deployment, 410 youth and adolescents, career counseling for, 273–274 school bus crash scenario, disaster mental health response for, 445–446 school counselors as brokers, 87 referral letter of, 88 roles and functions of, 10 school psychologist, 321 schools improving children’s performance at, 389 -level prevention of school violence, 495 visiting children in, 386–387 vocational education See vocational education school-to-work transition, 267–272 planning, 268–269 career/vocational counseling, 269 case management, 269 community-based instruction with students, 270 interagency planning/service/ service delivery efforts, 268–269 postsecondary options, 269 school’s role in implementing planning, 269–270 692 n Index school-to-work transition (cont.) relationship of Rehabilitation Act to school programs and youth with disabilities, 270–271 VR counselor and school program, 271 school violence, 489–497 development and trauma reactions in youth, 494 initial items for assessing violence potential, 492 prevalence and types, 489–490 prevention and intervention community level, 495–496 individual and family level, 493, 495 issues, 493 school level, 495 social–ecological risk factors, 490–492 science, and LGBTQ families, 394 scope of practice statement, 20, 22, 64 screening, substance use, 450–451, 452–453 secondary disturbances (rational emotive behavior therapy), 208–209 secondary traumatization, and PTSD, 411 second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs), 571, 572–573, 575, 577 prescribed in children and adolescents, 550–551 for PTSD, 577 second-parent adoptions, by same-sex couples, 394 second wave of behavior therapy, 212 security administrative security, 44 of electronic health records, 60 establishing in disaster mental health response, 440–441 physical security, 44 technical security, 44 security operations (psychoanalysis), 185 selective abstraction (cognitive distortion), 193 selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), 547 for anxiety, 575–576 for depression, 574 for older adult with depression, 508 prescribed in children and adolescents, 549, 552 for PTSD, 577, 578 self, integrated, 160 self-abuse, and sexual abuse, 430–431 self-acceptance, 521 self-assessment, in wellness counseling, 620 self-concept, and career development, 286 self-control in behavior therapy, 212 of violent students, 490 self-creation See theory of circumscription, compromise, and self-creation self-definition, in wellness counseling, 619 self-determination, 178 Self-Directed Search (SDS), 262, 286 self-direction, in wellness counseling, 619–620 self-disclosure, by Middle Eastern Americans, 153 self-efficacy behavior therapy for, 212 beliefs, and career decision making, 288 in motivational interviewing, 236, 237 self-employment, community-based rehabilitation for, 112 self-esteem, 305 of people with disabilities, 419 and sexual abuse, 429 self-evaluation, in reality therapy, 198 self-help assignments, 106 self-help forms, in cognitive behavioral therapy, 194 self-help groups, in community-based rehabilitation, 113, 114 self-help method, for substance use disorders, 459 self-identity, of deaf people, 170 self-instructional training, 191 self-management, in behavior therapy, 212 self-motivation, 543 self-object transferences, 186 self psychology, 186 self-referrals, 41 self-reports, 305 for personality assessment, 300 self-responsibility, 542–543 self-study examination, 631–662 Seligman, Martin, 527 seminal stage-specific model of lesbian and gay identity development, 398 sense of self (psychoanalysis), 185 sensorineural hearing loss, 169 Sentence Completion Test, 300 separation anxiety disorder, in children and adolescents, 551 serious mental illness (SMI), 423, 426 serious substantive threat, 492 serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), 547 prescribed in children and adolescents, 548–549 service providers identifying and selecting, 88 linking clients to, 88 sessions, length and frequency of, 73 sexual abuse, 427–432 of children with disability, 216 common symptoms, 427–428 counseling focus, 429–431 behavior issues, 430–431 cognitive issues, 430 emotional issues, 430 interpersonal issues, 431 physical issues, 429–430 long-term effects, 428 prevalence, type, and risk, 427 treatment approaches, 428–429 sexual acts, 427 sexual behavior, of LGBTQ couples, 405 sexual contact, 427 sexual history, and disability, 216 sexual identity, and LGBTQ couples, 405 formation, 159–160 sexual identity models in career counseling, 276 development models, 520 for lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals, 159–160, 161 of LGBTQ families, 398 sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and sexual abuse, 429–430 sexual minorities of color, 519, 520–521 case example, 523 clinical and therapeutical implications, 521–522 identify development for, 520 shame and Asian Americans, 140 and sexual abuse, 430 and substance use disorder treatment, 460 shielded enactments, in family therapy, 370–371 short-term models, in cognitive behavior therapy, 191–192 short-term psychoanalytic therapies, 187 “should” statements (cognitive distortion), 193 Shrinkrapt (software), 52 sign language, 170 simple life, 600 Simple Screening Instrument for Substance Abuse (SSI-SA), 453 single-identity development models, 520 single-parent families assessment of, 348 family counseling of, 354 Index single-question alcohol screening test, 450–451 single sociocultural identity models, for lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals, 160 Situational Confidence Questionnaire, 453 situational factors, in personality assessment, 302 six-step button therapy method, for substance use disorders, 459 16PF, 300 skill-focused psychoeducational group therapy, for substance use disorder, 462 skills aptitude tests for measuring, 307–308 development, community-based rehabilitation for, 112 training, 608 in cognitive behavioral therapy, 194 for psychiatric rehabilitation, 426 for substance use disorders, 459 Skinner, B F., 211, 214 slavery, and African Americans, 123, 134, 135 sleep medications, for sexual abuse, 428 small health plan, HIPAA’s definition, 46 Smith Fess Act 1920, Smith-Hughes Act 1917, social anxiety disorder, 547, 551 social breakdown syndrome, 213 social class, of White Americans, 157 social cognitive career theory (SCCT), 258, 273, 287 social cognitive theory, 287 social constructionism, and family counseling, 353 social–ecological risk factors, of school violence, 490–492 social inclusion, 111, 112 social interest, 225, 226 socialist feminists, 248 socialization gender-role See gender-role socialization and school violence, 490 social justice and advocacy, 588 defined, 585 counseling approach, 588 defined, 588 strategies, 588–589 social justice counselor (SJC), 585 social learning theory, 212, 257 of career decision making, 257–258 of career development, 287–288 social media ACA Code of Ethics on, 39–41 for private practice, 34–35 campaigns, 35 social model of disability, 216–217, 221, 330, 331, 479 social norms, and aging workforce, 293 social personality, 285 social protection, community-based rehabilitation for, 112 social rehabilitation, community-based rehabilitation, 112 social structures, and women’s agencies, 177 social support, for lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals, 161 society impact of substance use disorders on, 450 and psychiatric disability, 425 sociocultural factors, in personality assessment, 302 socioeconomic background of clients, and disability, 215 socioeconomic differences, and career choice, 264 socioeconomic status, and mental illness, 586 Socratic questioning, 194 Soldiers Rehabilitation Act 1918, solution-focused brief psychotherapy, 229–233 cognitive therapy, 231–232 cognitive behavior therapy, 192 determining “why now,” 229–230 evaluating competency, 232 historical context, 229 interpersonal psychotherapy, 231 for LGBTQ couples, 406 philosophical approach, 230 termination of, 232 solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT), 230–231 solution-focused family counseling, 353 Søren Kierkegaard, 201 sounds, 601–602 Southern Baptists, in European Americans, 157 Southern European Americans, 156–157 sovereignty, of Native American Indians, 129 special abilities, and career decision making, 287 special education, for school-to-work transition, 268 special populations, family counseling for, 354–355, 357 n 693 specialties, in counseling, 3, 4, 5, accreditation and certification of, 14, 19 practice, 64 specific vocational preparation (SVP), 324 speech of clients, 85–86 pattern, of involuntary group members, 383 speech reading, 171 spill-over effect between job satisfaction and life satisfaction, 264 spirit, and healing, 595 spiritual activities of clients, 85 spirituality, 595 of African Americans, 135 and assessment, 561–562 and empathy fatigue, 534 in healthy families, 364–365 interventions with, 562–563 of lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals of color, 161–162 of Middle Eastern Americans, 152 multicultural view of, 560–561 as a multidimensional concept, 559–560 and older adult with anxiety disorders, 508 spiritual development, 561 of White Americans, 157–158 Spouse Observation Checklist, 346 spread, and people with disabilities, 418 stability, in families, 368 stable instability, clients with, 185 staffings, for monitoring referrals, 89 stage model of response to loss, 217 Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness (SOCRATES), 453 standard periodization, 121–122 Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing, 302 Stanford–Binet Intelligence Test, 305 state counseling association, role in managed health care, 50 state licensure boards, 61–62, 64 of counseling, 22 and ethical complaints, 65 state statutes of United States, 65 state vocational rehabilitation agencies, 607 state versus trait responses, in personality assessment, 302 status attainment theory, 258 statuses, and career development, 258 status talk, 235 Steketee, Gail, 212 stepfamilies, LGBTQ, 396–397 694 n Index stereotyping age-based, 293, 294 of Hispanics, 146 of Middle Eastern Americans, 151 stigma of mental disorder diagnosis, 71 regarding mental illness in rural areas, 163 stimulants, prescribed in children and adolescents, 548 Stone, Abraham, Stone, Hannah, stories, in paper medical records, 56 storytelling tasks, for personality assessment, 300 strategic family counseling, 353 strengths and job performance, 324 of same-sex couples, 406–407 stress debriefing, disasters, 439–448 Stress Index for Parents of Adolescents (SIPA), 347 stress inoculation training (SIT), 191 for sexual abuse, 429 stress management, for substance use disorders, 459 stress reduction strategies, 213 of students affected by violence, 495 stress response, 536 structural family counseling, 353 structural model (psychoanalysis), 184 Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY), 492 structured skill-based therapy, for criminal justice clients, 435 student affairs counselors, 35–36 roles and functions of, 10–11 student development theory, 486 students, college, 483–487 subjective logic, 226 subordination, and multiracial feminism, 177 substance abuse, in aging workforce, 293 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), 449 substance abuse counseling, 458–459 counselor’s influence on treatment outcome, 459–460 interventions, 462 specialists, 464–465 substance abuse service providers, application of HIPAA to, 44 Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory (SASSI), 453 substance-induced disorders, 451 substance misuse and abuse, by older adults, 510–511 substance use, 452 history of, 85 substance use disorders (SUDs), 449 assessment, 450–454 comprehensive, 451–452 diagnosing, 451 domains, 452 function of, 452 guidelines for conducting, 450–451 instruments, 452–454 screening, 450–451, 452–453 chronic nature of, 462 impact on society and counseling, 450 treatment of, 457–468 client-treatment matching, 457–458 evidence-based treatments, 460–461 family issues, 463–464 goals of effective treatment, 458 pathways of recovery, 461–462 principles of effective treatment, 458 substance abuse counseling, 458–459 substance abuse counseling specialists, 464–465 substance abuse counselor influence on treatment outcome, 459–460 treatment demand, 462–463 treatment outcomes, 460–461 suffering, and healing, 598–599 suicide of African Americans, 135–136 ideation, 86 of Native Americans, 130 rates, of college students, 483 risk/lethality, disaster mental health response for, 443–444 summaries (motivational interviewing), 237 Sum Time (software), 52 superbill, 52 superego, 184, 192 superiority feelings, 226 supervision clinical, 23–30 and confidentiality, 72 evidence-based, 25–26 group supervision, 26 multicultural aspects within, 26–27 interactional, 24 of rehabilitation counselors, 76–77 addressing the need for, 77–78 supervisors and counselors, diversity between, 25 in group discussion multicultural conflicts, 27 supervisor direct influence, 27 supervisory working alliance, 77–78 supported employment, 608 for psychiatric rehabilitation, 426 supportive therapy, 185, 508 support staff, and confidentiality, 72 support systems, for LGBTQ couples, 405 surgery, for chronic treatment, 567 surrogates, and LGBTQ families, 395–396 sustainment, in military, 410 symbolic family counseling, 353 sympathy in motivational interviewing, 236 and people with disabilities, 418 Symptom Check List-90-Revised, 486 symptoms in families, 368 inventories, for intake interview, 83 reduction, and homework compliance, 106 systematic desensitization, 211 systematic rational restructuring, 191 Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine (SNOMED), 56 systems perspective, of families, 351–352, 367–368 talk-turn enactments, in family therapy, 371 Tarasoff v Regents of the University of California, 65 Targeted School Violence, 489 task approach skills, and career decision making, 287 tax adviser consultation, for private practice, 34 teachers, behaviors of children’s, 386–388 teaching, about disability, 215 technical security, 44 technology and college students, 484 use in practice, 62 Technology-Related Assistance of Individuals With Disabilities Act of 1988, 475 teenagers, and deployment, 410 telehealth, for rural mental health counseling, 165 temperaments, and job performance, 324 terminally ill clients, 469–473 bereaved clients, 471–472 caregiver support, 472 children, 471 communication with, 469–471 guidelines, 470–471 Index termination of brief psychotherapy, 232 of counseling relationship, 73 early, dealing with, 101–102 testifying issues, 579–583 courtroom procedures, 580–582 laws affecting the testimony of counselors as experts, 579–580 strategies for vocational expert, 582 testimony of counselors, 579–580 in litigation, 580 texting, in counseling, 40 TextSecure, 41 Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), 300, 301 theme groups, for substance use disorders, 459 theoretical models, for group members, 378 theoretical orientation, and treatment plans, 94–95 theory of circumscription, compromise, and self-creation, 286–287 theory of psychosocial development, 508 theory of vocational choice, 261, 262 Theory of Work Adjustment (TWA), 257, 262 TheraManager (software), 52 therapeutic alliance, 106–107 in couples counseling, 357, 358 in family therapy, 369 therapeutic considerations, for lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals, 161–162 therapeutic paradox, in family therapy, 368 therapeutic presence activation through inner struggle, 203 cultivation, 203 therapeutic struggle coalescence of meaning, intentionality, and awe that results from, 203 encounter with resistance to, 203 therapist-client relationship affecting factors, 521 for ego psychology, 184 in E–H therapy, 202 in Gestalt therapy, 242–243 Therapist Helper (software), 52 theraplay, 354 third-party medical billing services, 52 third wave of behavior therapy, 214 13th Amendment to the U.S Constitution (1865), 134 Thirtieth Institute on Rehabilitation Issues, 337, 338 thoughts of clients, 85–86 of victims of sexual abuse, 430 time limitations, in cognitive behavior therapy, 192 spending, in healthy families, 364 title-only legislation, 19 token economy system, 213 tone of voice of counselor, and substance use disorder treatment, 460 top-down attention system, 57 tornado scenario, disaster mental health response for, 447 toxic chemical spill scenario, disaster mental health response for, 446–447 traditional student, 483–484 traditional talk therapies, with indigenous practices, 593 traditional values, of Hispanics/ Latinos, 146–147 training, clinical supervision, 24 outcomes, 24–25 disability-specific, 115 in Gestalt therapy, 241, 244 of professional personnel, and burnout, 555, 556 of rehabilitation counselors, 78 to rehabilitation supervisors, 78 for rural mental health counseling, 164 trait-factor theories, 273 traits, and job performance, 324 transaction, HIPAA’s definition, 46 transference (psychoanalysis), 184 transient threat, 492 transition counseling, 274 midlife career/retirement, career counseling for, 274–275 services, for disabled children, 267 school-to-work See school-to-work transition transmuting internalization (psychoanalysis), 186 transpersonal experiences, 595 transtheoretical model (TTM), 237–238 trauma-focused family cognitive behavioral therapy, 353 traumatic brain injury (TBI), experienced by explosions, 505 traumatic events, family counseling for, 355 treatment HIPAA’s definition of, 46 outcome, 73 n 695 plans, 93–97 comprehensive treatment planning, 95 formats, 95–96 and managed care, 93 motivation and readiness for change, 94 multicultural considerations, 93 theoretical orientation and, 94–95 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848), 124 triadic reciprocal model, 287 trial and error method of career selection, 337 tribal contract/grant schools, 129 tribally controlled community colleges, 129 Tribally Controlled School Act of 1988, 129 TRICARE health system, 13, 18, 21 tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), 574 triple response model, 212 true reasoning, and career development, 255, 257, 258 trust building, in counselor–parent relationship, 385–386 and Native American clients, 128, 129 and sexual abuse, 431 trying to moving in again stage (midlife career/retirement transition), 275 20/20: A Vision for the Future of Counseling initiative, 14, 21 unconditional love and acceptance, 600–601 unconscious conflict (psychoanalysis), 183 uniqueness of substance abuse clients, 451 United States v Nice, 129 United States v Windsor, 394 unity, of Gestalt therapy practice, 244 theory, 241–242 universal design (UD), in vocational evaluation, 337 University of Rhode Island Change Assessment (URICA), 453 unstructured skill-based therapy, for criminal justice clients, 435 urbanization, and career development, 255 U.S Armed Forces, 393, 409 U.S Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), 291 U.S Census Bureau, 128, 417 American Community Survey (ACS), 311 696 n Index U.S Commission on Civil Rights, 123 U.S constitutional law, 65 U.S Department of Education, 489 U.S Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 43, 45, 47, 130 childwelfare.gov, 394 U.S Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics, Dictionary of Occupational Titles, 324 U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 462 U.S Secret Service, 489 use, HIPAA’s definition of, 46 vacations of counselor, 73 validation, in disaster mental health response, 441–442 validation technique, in couples counseling, 357 validation therapy (VT), for older adult with dementia, 509 valproic acid, 575 values ACA Code of Ethics on personal values, 38, 62 on professional values, 37 of African Americans, 134–135 and career development, 258 of clients, and reality therapy, 199 of Hispanics/Latinos, 146–147 military, 412 of Native American Indians, 129–130 religious, discrimination based on, 38 vascular dementia (VD), in older adults, 509 vendors identifying and selecting, 88 linking clients to, 88 ventilation, in disaster mental health response, 441–442 veracity, principle of, 38 very serious substantive threat, 492 Veterans Affairs (VA), 409, 410 veterans, counseling families of, 409–414 vicarious traumatization, 534 videoconferencing, for clinical supervision, 27, 28 violation penalties, HIPAA, 45 violence domestic violence, family counseling for, 354 exposure of African Americans to, 136 intimate partner violence (IPV), in military, 504 school See school violence virtual personal relationships, 62 virtual relationships, 484 vision of practice, of counselor, 33–34 visiting teachers, visualization, 595, 596, 599 visual love language, 360 vocational aptitude tests, 306, 307 vocational assessment See vocational evaluation (VE) vocational choice See theory of vocational choice vocational counseling, 607 and school-to-work transition, 269 vocational counselors See career counselors, roles and functions of vocational development See career development theories vocational education, Vocational Evaluation and Career Assessment Professionals (VECAP), 339 vocational evaluation (VE), 337–341 preparing consumers for, 339 professional, 339–340 reasons for referral for, 338–339 report, 339, 341 tools, 338 value of, 338 Vocational Evaluation and Work Adjustment Association (VEWAA), 337, 339 vocational history of clients, 85 vocational identity, 281–283 vocational maturity, 256, 281 vocational rehabilitation (VR) client empowerment in, 89 in school–to–work transition, 268 Vocational Rehabilitation Act 1954 Amendments, 1973, 89 vocational rehabilitation counselors in school-to-work transition, 271 supervision of, 75, 77, 78 vocational rehabilitation supervisors, 24 voice, of involuntary group members, 383 voluntary credentialing, 63, 64 voting of group members, 376 vulnerable adults, professional disclosure statement for, 70 wage employment, community-based rehabilitation for, 112 waiver, HIPAA’s definition, 46 Ward v Wilbanks, 38, 39 warmth of counselors, 100 War Relocation Centers, 122 WDEP (wants, direction/doing, evaluation, plan), 198 Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales–Revised III (WAIS III), 292 Weekend Warriors, 409 well-being of families, 363 ICF on, 331 and work, 264 wellness case studies, 620–622 in counseling practice, 619–620 definition and models, 617–619 development and, 617 Wellness Evaluation of Lifestyle, 618 What I Want From Treatment Questionnaire, 454 Wheel of Wellness, 618 White Americans, 155–158 counseling issues, 157–158 social class, 157 spirituality, 157–158 counselors, cultural distrust directed at, 119–126 definition of, 120 feminists, 175, 176 Northern European Americans, 155–156 Southern and Eastern European Americans, 156–157 White ethnic Americans, 156 WHO International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) framework, 608–609 Wilson, Carter, 122 Winton v Amos, 129 Wolpe, Joseph, 211 womanist, 248 women See also feminist therapy career counseling for, 275 of color, 175 and feminist therapy, 249 diverse, understandings of, 178 experiences, privileging, 248–249 Hispanic, psychotherapy with, 148 and pain, 566 rapes against, 427 work, 225 and family, 264–265 meaning of, 263–264, 279 nature of, 279 oppression of women in, 248 and people with disabilities, 420 mental functional capacity evaluation, 321–324 physical functional capacity evaluation of, 324–327 sample, for vocational evaluation, 338 value Index of Northern European Americans, 155 in rural areas, 164 work and well-being, 264–265 work adjustment See theory of work adjustment (TWA) Worker Trait Profile (WTP), 324 Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA), 609 Workforce Investment Act of 1998, 281 working alliance in brief interpersonal psychotherapy, 231 for disasters, 440 for ego psychology, 184 World Health Assembly, 329 World Health Organization Diagnostic Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0), 316–317 administration, scoring, and interpreting, 316–317 development, 316 limitations, 317 overview, 316 World Health Organization (WHO), 2004 World Health Report, 311 World Health Survey, 334 worldview, of Asian American and Pacific Islanders, 140–141 World War II, Executive Order 9066, 122 wounded healer, 533, 534 written exercises, in involuntary groups, 382, 384 n 697 written privacy procedures, for compliance, 44 written reports, for monitoring referrals, 89 Wubbolding, Robert, 198 yoga, for students affected by violence, 495 young children, family counseling for families with, 353–354 youth career counseling for, 273–274 development and trauma reactions of school violence in, 494 Yuchi, 127 Zen, 599 zip-zap office procedure, 52 Zo-ya-ha, 127 ... facilitates counseling strategies with both specialized and general clients and consumers of counseling services The Professional Counselor s Desk Reference, Second Edition, provides professionals with... justice issues counselors must address? • What are some of the key concepts of contemporary counseling theories? • How can career counseling address challenges across the life span? • What is the. .. psychosocial impact of global disasters? • What professional counselors need to know about assessment and diagnosis? • What are some of the key issues facing counselors who work with couples,