For each question in turn, read the requirements and then the detail of the question Don’t go overboard in terms of planning time on any one question – you need a good measure of the
Trang 2by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission from Kaplan Publishing.
Acknowledgements
The past ACCA examination questions are the copyright of the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants. The original answers to the questions from June 1994 onwards were produced by the examiners themselves and have been adapted by Kaplan Publishing.
We are grateful to the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants and the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales for permission to reproduce past examination questions. The answers have been prepared by Kaplan Publishing.
Trang 4Our Quality Co‐ordinator will work with our technical team to verify the error and take action to ensure it is corrected in future editions.
Trang 6Timed question with Online tutor debrief
For selected questions, we recommend that they are to be completed in full exam conditions (i.e. properly timed in a closed book environment).
ensuring that you understand the question requirements fully, highlighting key terms and the meaning of the verbs used
how to read the question proactively, with knowledge of the requirements, to identify the topic areas covered
assessing the detailed content of the question body, pointing out key information and explaining why it is important
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The table below summarises the key topics that have been tested within the written test questions in the examinations to date.
D10 J11 D11 J12 D12 J13 D13 J14 D14
Financial management function
Nature and purpose of financial management
Financial objectives and corporate strategy
Stakeholders and their impact on corporate strategy
Not for profits
Financial management environment
Economic environment
Financial markets and institutions
Working capital management
Elements and importance (including cash operating cycle)
Inventories
Receivables
Payables
Cash
Working capital needs and funding strategies
Investment appraisal
Appraisal process
Non‐discounted techniques
NPV with tax
NPV with tax and inflation
IRR
Risk and uncertainty
Lease or buy
Asset replacement
Capital rationing
Trang 12D10 J11 D11 J12 D12 J13 D13 J14 D14
Business finance and cost of capital
Sources of short term finance
Sources of long term finance
Internal sources and dividend policy
Gearing and capital structure
Small & medium enterprises
Islamic financing
Sources and relative costs
Estimating cost of equity
CAPM
Cost of debt
Overall cost of capital Gearing theories
Impact of cost of capital on investments
Business valuations
Nature and purpose of valuation
Models for valuing shares
Valuing debt and other financial assets
Efficient markets hypothesis
Risk management
Foreign exchange risk
Interest rate risk
Forward contracts
Money market hedge
Futures
Hedging for interest rate risk
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ACCA guidance on the use of this time is as follows:
This additional time is allowed at the beginning of the examination to allow candidates to read the questions and to begin planning their answers before they start to write in their answer books.
This time should be used to ensure that all the information and, in particular, the exam requirements are properly read and understood.
During this time, candidates may only annotate their question paper. They may not write anything
in their answer booklets until told to do so by the invigilator.
Trang 16Psychologists believe that you usually perform at your best on the second and third question you attempt, once you have settled into the exam, so not tackling the hardest question first may be advisable.
It is usual however that student tackle their least favourite topic and/or the most difficult question in their opinion last.
Whatever you approach, you must make sure that you leave enough time to attempt all questions fully and be very strict with yourself in timing each question.
For each question in turn, read the requirements and then the detail of the question
Don’t go overboard in terms of planning time on any one question – you need a good measure of the whole paper and a plan for all of the questions at the end of the
15 minutes.
Trang 17By covering all questions you can often help yourself as you may find that facts in one question may remind you of things you should put into your answer relating to a different question.
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KAPLAN’S RECOMMENDED REVISION APPROACH
QUESTION PRACTICE IS THE KEY TO SUCCESS
Success in professional examinations relies upon you acquiring a firm grasp of the required knowledge at the tuition phase. In order to be able to do the questions, knowledge is essential. However, the difference between success and failure often hinges on your exam technique on the day and making the most of the revision phase of your studies.
The approach taken for the fundamental papers is to revise by topic area. However, with the professional stage papers, a multi topic approach is required to answer the scenario based questions.
You need to practice as many questions as possible in the time you have left.
OUR AIM
Our aim is to get you to the stage where you can attempt exam standard questions confidently, to time, in a closed book environment, with no supplementary help (i.e. to simulate the real examination experience).
Practising your exam technique on real past examination questions, in timed conditions, is also vitally important for you to assess your progress and identify areas of weakness that may need more attention in the final run up to the examination.
In order to achieve this we recognise that initially you may feel the need to practise some questions with open book help and exceed the required time.
The approach below shows you which questions you should use to build up to coping with exam standard question practice, and references to the sources of information available should you need to revisit a topic area in more detail.
Trang 20 “misallocation of time”
“running out of time” and
showing signs of “spending too much time on an earlier questions and clearly rushing the answer to a subsequent question”.
Good exam technique is vital.
Trang 21with the technical content
Not comfortable with the technical content
Read the relevant chapter(s) in Kaplan’s Complete Text
Attempt the Test your understanding examples if unsure of an area
Attempt appropriate Online Fixed
Tests
Review the pocket notes on this area Determine whether or not the area is one with which you are comfortable
Review the topic listings in the revision table plan below
Trang 22 a mock examination offered by your tuition provider, and/or
the pilot paper in the back of this exam kit, and/or
the last real examination paper (available shortly afterwards on MyKaplan with “enhanced walk through answers” and a full “tutor debrief”).
Working any remaining questions on that area in the exam kit
Reattempting an exam standard question in that area, on a timed, closed book basis
Trang 23Pocket note Chapter
Questions
to attempt
Start with question 26 before attempting question 27 as an example of a recent past exam question in this area.
A popular exam topic, guaranteed to form part of the exam. There are many questions on this area.
Start with questions 25 and 31 which are basic warm up questions.
Build up to questions 28 and 29 which are slightly more complex questions on this area.
This is an aspect that is often examined alongside the more complex areas of discounted cash flow techniques.
Question 34 is another good example of how this topic can be examined.
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Complete Text Chapter
Pocket note Chapter
Questions
to attempt
7 7 – Begin by recapping on the key ratio
calculations relating to working capital management and the calculation of the cash operating cycle.
Question 16 contains good coverage of this chapter. Question 15 covers an area that has not been widely examined.
Trang 25Topic
Complete Text Chapter
Pocket note Chapter
Questions
to attempt
12 12 – This is a fairly new area to the syllabus
but it’s worth covering this before you start reviewing the topics of business finance and risk management.
Sources of finance 15 15 54 Question 54, taken from the June 07
exam, is an excellent illustration of the way the examiner will often pull from more than one syllabus area within his questions.
Financial ratios 19 19 55
Questions involving the calculation and interpretation of financial ratios are very common. You must be able to calculate each of the key ratios as well as appreciate how they interrelate with each other.
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Topic
Complete Text Chapter
Pocket note Chapter
Questions
to attempt
This is a tricky topic. Be sure to work carefully through the pocket notes, perhaps attempting the test your understandings within the complete text before attempting the exam standard questions.
This is another popular exam topic and one which can be easily linked with other areas of the syllabus. You must be able to apply each of the main methods of business valuation and consider the impact that financing may have on
Another topic that students often find difficult.
Review the illustrations within the complete text but don’t neglect the more discursive aspects, which are examined more frequently.
The remaining questions are available in the kit for extra practice for those who require more questions on some areas.
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Return point = Lower limit + (
3
1 × spread)
Spread =
3 1
rate Interest
flows cash of Variance
× cost n Transactio
× 4 3
The Capital Asset Pricing Model
E(r)j = Rf + βj (E(rm) – Rf)
The asset beta formula
βa =
)) T - 1 ( V + V (
V
d e
e
βe +
)) T - 1 ( V + V (
) T - 1 ( V
d e
d
βd
The Growth Model
P0 =
g) - (r
g) Do(1
e
Gordon’s growth approximation
g = bre
The weighted average cost of capital
WACC =
V + V
V
d e
e
ke +
V + V
V
d e
d
kd(1–T)
The Fisher formula
(1 + i) = (1 + r) (1 + h)
Purchasing power parity and interest rate parity
S1 = S0
)h(1
)h(1
)i(1
b
c
Trang 29Where r = discount rate
Trang 31A Income decision
B Investment decision
C Dividend decision
D Financing decision
Trang 324 Which of the following is an example of a financial objective that a company might choose to pursue?
3 Financial accounting is concerned with providing information about the historical results of past plans and decisions
A Evaluating proposed expansion plans
B Review of overtime spending
C Depreciation of non‐current assets
D Apportioning overheads to cost units
Trang 3414 Managerial reward schemes should help ensure managers take decisions which are
Trang 36B Both primary and secondary capital markets relate to where securities are traded after their initial offering
C Both primary and secondary capital markets relate to the sale of new securities
D Primary markets are where stocks trade and secondary markets are where loan notes trade
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29 A variety of Corporate Governance rules have been introduced in different countries but the principles, common to all, typically include
B Indirect taxes are levied directly on income receivers whether they are individuals or organisations
C A balanced budget occurs when total expenditure is matched by total taxation
D A deficit budget occurs when total expenditure is less than total taxation income
31 Comment on the validity of the following statements.
1 Demand‐pull inflation might occur when excess aggregate monetary demand in the economy and hence demand for particular goods and services enable companies to raise prices and expand profit margins
2 Cost‐push inflation will occur when there are increases in production costs independent of the state of demand e.g. rising raw material costs or rising labour costs
A Statement 1: True Statement 2: False
Trang 39A No need for treasury skills to be duplicated throughout the group
B Necessary borrowings can be arranged in bulk, at keener interest rates than for smaller amounts
C The group’s foreign currency risk can be managed much more effectively since they can appreciate the total exposure situation
D Local operating units should have a better feel for local conditions than head office and can respond more quickly to local developments
Trang 41Over the next year the company should double its sales. The company does not plan to invest in any new non‐current assets, but inventories, receivables and payables should all move in line with sales.
What cash balance in one year’s time would this imply if the non‐current assets were all land, no new capital was raised and all profits were paid out as dividends?
Trang 4453 A company is considering investing in a two‐year project. Machine set‐up costs will be
$125,000, payable immediately. Working capital of $4,000 is required at the beginning of the contract and will be released at the end.
Given a cost of capital of 10%, what is the minimum acceptable contract price (to the nearest thousand dollar) to be received at the end of the contract?
B Asset replacement decisions require relevant cash flows to be discounted by the after‐tax cost of debt
C If capital is rationed, divisible investment projects can be ranked by the profitability index when determining the optimum investment schedule
D Government restrictions on bank lending are associated with soft capital rationing
55 A company has 31 December as its accounting year end. On 1 January 20X5 a new machine costing $2,000,000 is purchased. The company expects to sell the machine on 31 December 20X6 for $350,000.
The rate of corporation tax for the company is 30%. Tax‐allowable depreciation is obtained
at 25% on the reducing balance basis, and a balancing allowance is available on disposal of the asset. The company makes sufficient profits to obtain relief for tax‐allowable depreciation as soon as they arise.
If the company’s cost of capital is 15% per annum, what is the present value of the tax‐ allowable depreciation at 1 January 20X5 (to the nearest thousand dollars)?