Environmental chemistry a review of the literature published up to mid 1980

E nviron me nt a I C he m ist ry Volume A Specialist Periodical Report Environmental Chemistry Volume A Review of the Literature published up t o m i d - I 980 Senior Reporter H J M Bowen, Department of Chemistry, University of Reading R eporters M L Berrow, Macaula y Institute for Soil Science, Aberdeen J D Burton, University of Southampton P A Cawse, AERE, Harwell D S P Patterson, Central Veterinary Laboratory, Weybridge P J Statham, University of Southampton A M Ure, Macaulay Institute for Soil Science, Aberdeen The Royal Society of Chemistry Burlington House, London, W I V OBN British Library Cataloguingin Publication Data Environmental chemistry - Vol - (Specialist periodical report/Royal Society of Chemistry) Environmental chemistry - Periodicals I Royal Society of Chemistry 574.5 QD31.2 ISBN 0-85 186-765-0 ISSN 0305-7712 Copyright 1982 The Royal Society of Chemistry All Rights Reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in anyform or by any means - graphic, electronic, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems - without written permissionfrom The Royal Society of Chemistry Printed in Great Britain by Spottiswoode Ballantyne Ltd Colchester and London Preface When the first volume of this series was published in 1975, it was hoped to produce a sequel within two years In the event a change of editorship, combined with a certain inertia, have greatly extended the publication gap beyond what was originally intended During this period the subject has passed through successive phases of hysteria (with respect to Cd, Hg, Pb, PCBs, efc.) and grant-grabbing (a governmental response to the first phase), and has now achieved moderate respectability in the more forward-looking academic centres It is still a young subject and there are immense areas of ignorance inviting future study The first volume emphasized environmental organic chemistry and this second volume is deliberately slanted towards inorganic chemicals, covering the broad fields of the atmosphere and the hydrosphere, soils, and human diets Reviewers of all these subjects agree that far too little information is available on the chemical forms of the elements in environmental reservoirs, thus laying down a challenge to analytical chemists Patterson’s broad review of mycotoxins is included partly to redress the balance of inorganic topics and partly because his article was produced far ahead of the deadline for contributions si sic omnes! It is not proposed to segregate organic, inorganic, and physical contributions in future volumes of this series, though the editor would be glad to hear from anyone who thinks this is desirable He would also welcome suggestions for reviews in subsequent volumes November 1981 H J M BOWEN Contents Chapter Inorganic Particulate M a t t e r in t h e Atmosphere By P A Cawse 1 Introduction Terminology 2 Methods of Sampling and Analysis Collection Systems Filters Methods for Specific Aerosols Collection of Dry Deposition and Rainwater Total Suspended Particulates Measurement of Particle Size Determination of Atmospheric Turbidity Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere Microscopy of Dusts and Fibres Biological Sampling and Monitoring Techniques Methods of Analysis 3 General Physical and Chemical Composition of Particulates Background Aerosols Marine Aerosols The Stratospheric Background Urban Aerosols Inorganic Particulate-Organic Interations Particle-size Associations of Elements Photochemical and Gas-phase Reactions Atmospheric Monitoring and Surveillance Networks Trends in Atmospheric Particulate Concentrations Characteristics of Emissions from Specific Sources Resuspension of Soil Resuspension of Marine Aerosol Volcanic Emissions Forest Fires Plants Combustion of Fossil Fuels Other Industrial Processes Emission from Motor Vehicles Source Identification Studies and Methods vii 7 10 10 11 13 15 17 17 20 21 22 25 25 27 28 30 32 32 33 34 35 36 36 38 39 40 viii Contents Atmospheric Transport and Dispersion of Particulates Regional and Long-distance Transport Dispersion Modelling Cycling of Elements and Global Inventories 42 42 45 47 Removal of Particulates from the Atmosphere Dry Deposition to Land Precipitation Scavenging Total (Wet + Dry) Deposition The Air-Sea Interface 50 50 52 53 56 Effects of Airborne and Deposited Particulates Hazard to Man Air-quality Indices and Standards for Particulate Pollutants Effects on Visibility Effects on Global Albedo and Climate 57 57 61 63 64 Future Research Needs and Conclusions 68 Chapter The Elemental Content of Human Diets and Excreta BY H J M Bowen Introduction Outline of Ingestion, Absorption, and Excretion Methodological Problems Inputs, Outputs, Deficient Concentrations, and Oral Toxicities of the Elements Group IA: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs Group IB : Cu, Ag, Au Group IIA: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra Group IIB : Zn, Cd, Hg Group IIIA: B, Al, Sc, Y, Lanthanides, and Actinides Group IIIB: Ga, In, T1 Group IVA: Ti, Zr, Hf Group IVB: Si, Ge, Sn, Pb Group VB: P, As, Sb, Bi Group VIB: S, Se, Te, Po Group VIIB: F, C1, Br, I Transition Metals of Groups V-VII: V, Nb, Ta; Cr, Mo, W; Mn, Re Transition Metals of Group VIII: Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt Summary 70 70 70 72 82 82 83 83 84 86 87 87 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 Author Index Hensley W K., 198 Hepple, P., 172 Herbert, C N., 181 Herman B M., 65 Herpetz E., Herrero, J 94, 12 I , 127 130, 137 Herrington, J., Herrmann A G., 115 Herrmann, R., 203 Herron, M M., 53 Hertzberg, M., Hesketh, H E., Hess, R E., 190 Hesseltine, C W., 206, 212, 220,223,224.230.23 Heurtebise, M I Heuss, J M 46 Hewson E W., Hey, R D 30 Heydemann A., 138 Hiatt, V., 49 Hibbert, J R 206 Hibbs S., Hicks, R B., 45, 50 51, 52 Hidalgo H 64 Hidy, G M., 22 , Higashi, T 94 Hildebrand E E 170 Hill C H 72 Hill M W 38 Hill S T., 206 Hill, W W., I22 Hiltbold A E 190 Himes F L., 200 Hindman E E 39, 67 Hinesly, T D 145, 152 Hinkley T 97 Hinsall R D I8 Hinton, J W., 81 Hislop, J S 16 Hitchcock A E., 152 Hitchcock, D R 49 Hites, R A, 25 Hluchan, E., 190 Hobbs, P V 34, 35 39 53, 66, 67 Hochrainer D., Hocking, D., 38 Hodge, V F., 238 Hodgson J F 133 Hoed F 138 Hoekstra W G 178 Hoenig, V., I Hoff R M I Hoffer E M 17, 27 Hoffman, D 25 Hoffman, E J., 33, 34, 235 Hoffman, R S 17 Hoffmann D J , Hoffmann, G L 18.56 Hofstra G 184 Hogan A W 18.20.52 Hogan G R 15 Hoggan M C., Hogstrom U., 49 Holdeman J D., 22 Holden, J M., 79 Holdgate, M W 57 Holford T R 64 Holm, E., 201 Holmes, A., 59 Holmes P L., 171 Holobrady K., 189, 190 Holtzman, R B., 60, 79 Holzapfel, C W., 230 Honeysett, J L., 132, 133, 142 Hood, R D 12 Hoover, W L., 189 Hopke, P K., 41 Hopkins, T L., 37 Hoppe H.-J 108 Hopper, M J 172 Horak O., 12 Horiguchi, S., 79 Horner E S 23 I Hornvedt, R 184 Horst, T W., 33 Horovitz, C T., 199 Horovitz-Kisimova L A 199 Horton, J H., 61 Horvath, D J 71, 128 Horwitz, W., 218 Hostalek, Z., 208 Hoste J 79 Hounam, R., 57 Housworth J 70 Hovmand, M F., 14, 32 42 61, 98, 103, 105, 127 130, 133 135, 137, 141, 144, 169 Howard, E A., 46 Howard, J H 195 Howard, P A., 189 Howie R A., 164 Hsieh, D P H., 224, 230 Hsu, J M., Hsu P H., 15Y Huang, T C , 35 Huber F 88 Hubert, A E., 148 149 Hudson, J G Hudson, R D., Huebert, B J 12 Huey, C L 85 Huff, J E 49 Hughes, R C., Hulett, L D., 12, 36 Huljev D 15 Hume, D N., 242 Hume, R Hurnenik F M 22 Hundemann P T., 145 Hunt B G., 47 Hunt C D 250 25 Hunt D C 209 Hunt I F., Hunt, R D 46 Hunt W F., jun 62 Huntzicker J J 17 39 Hurley P M 96 Hursh, J B., 86, 87 Hurtung, R., 150 Husar J D., 17 Husar R B., 9, 17 23, 51 63 Hussein F E R Hutchinson D H I Hutchinson, E 199 Hutchinson, T C., 37, 48, 54, 72,240 Hutton, J T., 108 Hutzinger, 86 Hwang J Y., 193 Hydes, D J., 237 Hyldgaard J., 216 Hyun, Y., Ichikawa, M., Imamura, Y Inarida, M 80 Ingerson E 19 I Inhaber, H 30, Inoue, K 152 Inoue, M 188 Inskip, M J., 14 lokhel’son, S V., 99, 200 lotov, M., 199 Ireland F E., Ireland, P 84 Irlweck, K., Isbels, L S., Ishekawa, M., 200 Ishida, K., 124 127 130 133, 135 137, 141, 144 155, 169, 189 Ishizaka, Y., 21 Ishizaki, M., 7Y Iskandar, I K , 155 Isoard, P., 58 Isohata, E 16 Isono, K., 21 Itasaka M 53 Ivanov, L A., 120 Ivanova, E 15 Iverson, W P., 85 Iwai I., 190 lwasaka, Y., 1 Iwata, S., I lyengar, G V., 79 Izawa M., 28 Jacko, R B 37 38 Jackson D R., I Jackson M L 32, 109 142 Jackson S., Jacob K D 188 Jacobs L W 155 189, 190 Jacoby B., 142 Jaeger H., I Jaenicke, R., 26 44 Jaffre, T., 125 135 Jaffe W (3 80 Jagner D 15 I Jahnke, R A 24 275 Author Index Jaklevic, J M., 15 James, P E., 154 Janssens, M., 30 Jarvis, S G., 139, 144, 146, 172 Jeans, C V., I16 Jeffries, D F., 56, 254 Jeffries, D S., 54 Jellema, J U., Jenik, M., 190 Jenkins, C E., 56 Jenkinson, D S., 164 Jenne, E A., 128, 150,249 Jennet, J C., 172 Jennings, S G., 27 Jernelov, A., 153 Jervis, R E 26, 119, 144, 161 Joensen, A W., 38 Joenssuu, I., 79, 154 Joffe, A Z., 13 Johansson, A., 59 Johansson, G., 15 Johansson, T B., 15,2 I , 193 John, M K., 141, 144, 145, 152, 169 John, W., Johnsen, I., 14 Johnson, A H., 182 Johnson, C M., 172 Johnson, D B., 26 Johnson, D E., 79 Johnson, D L., 153,240,241 Johnson, H L., 79 Johnson, L R., 44, YO Johnson, S A., 27 Johnson, S P., I Johnston, A E., 198 Johnston, S E., 19 Jonasson, R., 53, 150, 151, 152 Joncich, A., 46 Jones, A G., 41, 113 Jones, B D., 18 Jones, B M R 28 Jones, C M., I Jones, D., 159 Jones, D G., 63 Jones, G B., 192, 250 Jones, H E H., 12, 22 Jones, J B., 103 Jones, J S., 189, 190 Jones, L H P., 139, 144, 146, 165, 172, 177, 192 Jones, M M., 250 Jones, R L., 145, 152, 182 183 Jones, R S., 147 Joplin, G A., 96 Jorden, R M., 36 Jori, H., 80 Josefsson, B G E., 16 Joseph, K T., 79 Joshi, M S., 170 Joshi, P V., 25 Jost, D., I Juchnowski, T A., 62 Judah, D J., 227,229 Judeikis, H S., 27 Junge, C., 21,47 Jungreis, C., 128 Junkerman, W., 27 Juo, A S R., 106 Juran, C., 122 Jurinak, J J., 144 Jurney, E T., 36 Juste, C., 122 Kaakinen, J W., 36 Kaden, D A., 25 Kadis, S., 206, 13 Kadowaki, S 27.44 Kaila, A,, 99 Kaiser, H Kaistha, B P., 103 Kakuto, Y., 142 Kalb, G W., 36 Kalbasi, M., 141, 142 Kalhorn, S., 57 Kalmar, E., 200 Kalpage, F S C P., 122 Kamprath, E J., I03 Kanabrocki, E L., Kanisawa, M., 12 Kaplan, E., Kaprou, M 40 Karaban, T T., 187 Karim, H., 128, 138, 142 Karvonen, M J., Kary, R E., Kasai, A., 195 Kato, M., 200 Kato, T., 220 Katsumo, Y., 150 Katz, J L., 22 Katz, M., 15, 17, 25 Kaufmann, P E., Kaw, J L., 59 Kawabata, Y., 230 Kawasaki, H., 152 Kawase, K., 200 Kearney, P C., 190, 191 Keddie, A W C Keeney, D R., 189, 190, 19 Keilen, K., 101 Keith, M L., 97 Keitz, E L., 62 Kelkar, D N., 25, 29 Kelliher, D J., 173 Kellogg, W W., 64 Kelly, J M., 49, 54 Kelsay, J L., 79, Kelso, W I., I13 Kemp, K., 15 Kennedy, C D., Kennedy, D R., 155 Kenny, N C., Kent, G S I I Kent, N L., Kerin, Z., 172 Kerr, S A., 16 Kerrich, R., 146 Kerrigan, G C., 39 Kershaw, G F., 122 Keschamaras, N., I5 Kester, D R., 25 I , 257 Keusch, F., 59 Keyl, A C., 233 Khare, I., 79 Kharkhar, D P., 146 Khitrov, L M., 116 Kiang, C S., 47 Kiehland, J T., Kiermeier, F., 223 232 Kiessling, K.-H., 230 Killick, C M., 29 Killough, G G., Kilmer, V J., 100 Kilpatrick, B E., 125 Kim, C K., 81 Kim, N B., 79 Kimble, J M., 125 Kimura, K., 125 Kimura, Y 152 King, R B., 5, King, W D., Kinkel, A R., 149 Kinkead, E R 58 Kirchoff, V W J H., 1 Kirkham, M B., 145 Kirkpatrick, D C 80 Kisel, T 127 Kishk, F M., 137, 138 Kitzinger, A., 149 Kjellstrom., T., 79, 80, 145 Klappenbach, E W., 40 Klee, J., 17 I Klein, D H., 36, 153 Kleinman, M T., 8, 40.44, 52 Klevay, L M., 79,80 Klimovich, P V., 94 Kline, J R., 116 Klinkhammer, G P., 253, 254 256 Kloosterman, B L., I55 Knaeuer G A., 246, 249, 254 Kneip, T J., 8,40, 52 Knox, G E., 116 Knutson, E O., 53 KO, M K W., Kobiashvili, V I., 112 Kochetkova, T A., 58 Kocialkowski, Z., 12 I , 137, 141, 157 Kociba, R J., 59 Kodaira, M., 200 Kodama, H., 164 Koehler, P E., 233 Koenig, W., 190 Koeppe, D E 144 172 Koga, H., 152 Koide, M., 114, 115 Kojima, S., 79 Kolb, H., 62 Kollmer, W E., 79 Kolomiitseva, M G 79 Koltun, S P., 233 Konishi, S., 250 Author Index 276 Konrad, Z., 238,240,265 Koons, R D., 105, 107, 117, 119 124, 127, 130, 133, 141, 142, 197, 198 Kopp, F., 11 Koretz, R L., 93 Koritnig, S., 18 Korkman, J., 177 Koshy, A., 15 Kosta, L., 80, Kothny, E L., 17, 27, 113, 149, 150, 157, 194 Koval’skii, V V., 122, 199 Kowal, N E., 79 Kowalczyk, G S., Kownacka, L., 32 Koyumidjisky, H., 128 Kozlowski, T T., Kozyreva, M G., 200 Kraemer, D F 79 Kramer, C J M., 265 Kramer, L., 79, 80, 85 Krause, G H M., , I Krauskopf, K B., 142 Kremling, K., 246, 265 Krempp, G., 97 Krenkel, P A., 150, 172 Kretzschmar, J C., 9, 29 Kreutzer K., 184 Krishnamachri, K A V R., 215 Krishnamurthy, L 15 Krishnan, S., 25 Krog, H 14 Krough, P., 15, 16, 223, 224 Kruger, J., Kruglova, V G., 191 Kruglova, Ye K., 12 Krupskiy, N K., 127 Kruse, E., 198 Ku, T L., 235, 236 Kubasik, N P., Kubota, J., 122, 193 Kubota, S., 53 Kuchar, P., 38 Kudinov, Yu A,, 116 Kuhl, G L., 79 Kumai, M., 53 Kumplainen, J Kunaskeva, K G 197, 199 Kuppers, G., 93 Kurbanayev, M S., 162 Kurihara, T., 79 Kurki, M., 142, 202 Kuroda, P., 146 Kurono, T., 79 Kusak, V., 15 Kuzina, F D., 154 Kvatek M., 191 Kvetnaya, M., 200 Kwoka M 59 Kwolek W F., 18 23 Laaksovirta, K., 13, 14 Labanauskas, C K 139 Lacey, J., 206 LBg, J., 154, 171, 183, 189 La Fleur, P D., Lagerwerff, J V., 145, 154, 171 Laird, A R., 46 Lakanen, E., 17 Lakin, H W., 148, 149, 194, 195 Lal, D., 52, 235 Lal, F., 127, 130, 137, 141, 157 Lamb, B K., 46 Lamberg, B A., Lambert, G., 20 Lambert, M S., 196 Lamoreaux R J., 144, 145 Lamothe, P J., Landa, E R., 151, 153 Landergren, S., 198 Landing, W M., 254 Landis, D A., 28 Landowitz, L., 30 Landsberg, H., Lange, B A., 16 Langer, G., 5, 53 Langford, J C., 56 Langham, W H., Langsford, J B., 88 Langville, W M., 137 Langway, C C., jun., 53 Lantin, R S., 232 Lantzy, R J., La Prade, J C., 23 Laresgoiti, A., Largin, F., 203 Larsen, A E., 16, 223 Larsen, S., 175, 182 Larson, T V., 26, 27 Laruelle, J 94 Latimer, D A,, 63 Laul, J C., 37 Law, D V., I Lawasani, M H., 36 Lawson, D R., 29 Laxen, D P H., 25 171 Lazar, V A., 122 Lazrus, A L., 12.22 Leaderer, B P., 64 Leaf, A L., 190 Leahy, D., Leaseburge, C Leatherland, T M 250 Lebedev V N., 192 Le Bouffant, L., 59 Lechler, P J., 98 99, 103, 105, 106, 107, 109, 112, 117, 124, 196 Lee, C., 79 Lee, D E Lee, D H K 12 Lee, H L., 12 Lee I C., 79 Lee J., 125 135 Lee L S 232,233 Lee, R 100 103 Lee, R E jun., 37 Lee, Y.W., 154 Leeper, G W., 122 Leidner, L., 27 Legotte, P A., Lehnert, G., Leininger, R K 98, 99, 103, 105, 106, 107, 109, 112, 117, 124, 196 Leistner L., 223 Lem, H Y., 22 Lenihan, J M A., 1, 85 Lentschig, S 94 Leong, B K J 59 Lepel, E A., 34 Lepple, F., 44 Le Riche, H H., 102, 106 108, I33 Lerman, L., Le Roux, J., 109 Leslie, D M 128 Lesure, F G., 149 Leuschner, A H., Leutwein, F., 192 Levaggi, D A., Levander, A., 80, 89 Levesque, M., 94 Levett, G., 18 Levick, R., 127 133 137 141, 169 Levi-Minzi, R., 145 Levin Z 27 Levine, R A., 79 Levri, E A,, I Levy, A., 39 Levy, D., 62 Lewis, C W., Leyden, D E., 237 Li, Y H., 235 Liang, Y.-J., 257 Liebig, G F 16 Lillehoj, E B., 218, 220, 221, 230, 23 1,232 Lilliard, D A., 232 Lima, P H., Lindberg, J D., 27 Lindberg, P., 194 Lindberg, S E., 49 Lindsay, W L., 94 125, 138, 141, 142, 175 Lindstrom, R M., 16 Ling, C S., 17 Likens, G E., 52 Linn, W S., 59 Linnman, T., Linsell, C A., 215 Linton, R W 12, 37 Lippmann, M., 57, 59 Lisk, D J 101, 146 Lisowe, R W., 59 Liss, P S., 34 52, 237 246 Littfass, M 1 Little P 39 50 60 87 145 Litton C D Liu, B Y H., Liu, M K., 46 Author Index Lockyer, D R., 177 Lodge, J P., 3, , 13 Loetzsch, R 223 Loh, A., 37 Long, D T., 240 Longwell, J , 79 Loo, B W., 15 Loos, A C., Lorenzen, A., 46 Lorius, C., 53 Lorusso, L., 188 Louis, J F., 47 Lough, W F., I Lounamaa, J., 110, 124 147 Loveland, W D., Lovering, J F., 150 Lowder, W M., 196 Lowe L E., 177 Lowenthal, D H., 242 Lu J C S., 240 Lucas, M D., 109, 141, 158 Lucas R E., 202 Luckey, T D., 72 Ludwick J D., I Ludwig, F L., Lumis, G P., 184 Lund, T., 1 Lundborg, M., 59 Lunde, G., 12 Lundgren D A., 25 Lusis, M A., 27 Lutz, A., 53 Lyles, L., 32 Lynch, J J., 150 Lynn, W C., 163 Lyon, T D B., Lyon, W S 12, 36, 150 Lyons W B 25 McCaffrey, R J., 29, 32 McCance, R A., I McCartney, E J 10 McCartney M J 250 McCormick M P 22 McCrone, W C 13 McDonald, A J., 195 MacDougal, J D., 148 Macdougall, A I., 72 McDuff, R E., 243 MacEachern, C R., 141 190 McElroy, M B 20 McFarland, A R., 8, 37 McFarlane, G A., 53 McFarlane, J C., 153 McFee, W W 49, 54 McGaveston, D A,, 198 McGeown, M G McGerrigle J 149 McGovern, B 58 McGrath, P P., 13 McGuckin M A., 80 McHardy W J 159 162 McHenry J R., 201 Machta, L 45 Macias, D F I4 I 277 Macias E S., Macias, F D., 137 Mclnnes, G., 19 Maclntire W H 181 Mclntyre, A D., 58 85, 86 Mackay D 38 McKeague, J A., 103 105, 106, 109, 124 127 130 133 135, 137 141 155, 158, 159, 169, 189 193 McKee, D E., 40 McKellison, J., Mackenzie, F T., 48,237 Mackenzie R C., 159 McKenzie, R M 121, 127, 128, 132 133, 137 141, 170 McKercher, R B., 176 McKinlay, K S., 86 McLachlan, R D., 176 178 McLaren, A D., I76 McLaren, R G., 138 McLaughlin, R J W., 147 MacLean, A J., 153, 154, 172 McLean E 158 MacLean, K S., 137 McLean, R 104 Macleod, K E., 37 McMahon, T A., 46 McMeans, J L., 220 McNeal, J M., 15 I McNeely, M D., McNesby, J R., McPhee, A W., 190 MacPhee, R D., Madsen, A,, 16,223 Makitie, O., 133, 135 Maenhaut, W., 1, 17 Magee R A 37 Magno, P J., 87 Magono, C., 53 Mahaffey, K R., 79 Mahaney, W C 159 Maher, C T., I Maheswaran P 16 Mahler, R J 145 Maiwald, K., 19 Maksimovic, A., 16 Maksimovic Z., 116 Malaby, K L 14 Maleksakhin R., 200 Malissa, H., 12 15 Malkovich, P Sh., 200 Malmqvist, K., 15 Maker, J L., 79 Mamane, Y., I2 Mamuro, T., 26, 200 Manami, K., 141 Manes, A., Mangano, J J., Mangelson N F., 38 Mangum, B J., 244 Manley, T R., 182 Mann, G E 233 Mann, L K 39 Mann R M 37 Manning, D C., 150 Manowitz B., 2 , Manskaya, S M 120, 198 Manton, M J., Manton W I Mantoura, R F C., 248 Manwiller, A., 23 Marchesani, V J., 62 Marenco, A., 47 Margolin, M., 133, 137, 141, 185, 187 189 Marienfeld, C J., 17 Marier, J R., 79 Markali J 12 Markina, N A 58 Markovic, N., 12 Markowitz H., Marks, R H., 172 Marlow, W., Marple, V A Mart, L., 265 Martens, P H., 138 Martin, A 54 Martin, A E., 70 Martin, J.-C., 59 Martin, J H., 246 249, 254 Martin, M H., 15, 145 Martin, P G., 79 Martin, R E 35 Marusyak, V D., 24 Masek, V., Mason, H S., 100 Massart D L., Massey, H F., 139 Masui, J , 137 141 Matharu, H S., 250 Mathe, J F., 89 Mathews, T., 45 Mathieu, G G., 235 Mathur, M M., I5 Mathur P D., I5 Matoush, L Matson, W R 154 Matsuhisa, T 79 Matsumoto, H., 167 Matsunaga K 250 Matsunami T., 26 Matthews K M., 200 Mattingly G E G I98 Maughan, R A 41 Maurice, J 94 I56 May K R., Mayeda, T K 32 Mayer, R 54, I70 Maxia V 79 Measures, C I 242 243 244 Medaris, L G., 116 Meelu, P 196 Meggitt W F., 19 I Megie G I Meglen R R., 80 Megumi K 200 Mehlman M A,, 212.220.223 224.23 Mehta, B V., 193 278 Meinel, A B., 34 Meinel, M P., 34 Meinke, W W., 81 Meisenheirner, R G 38 Meldau, R., 159 Melke, J., 106, 107, 112, 124 127, 135, 137 Mellanby, K., Melnick, D., 233 Meloni, S., 79 Melstead, S W., 103 Melton, J R., 189 Meltzer, L E., Melville, G E., 177 Meranger, J C., 79 Mercer, C J., Merefield, J R., 190 Meret, S., Merriman, R J., I16 Merry, R H., 17 I Mertz, W., 79, Meserole, F B., 37 Meszaros, E., 21, 26 Metson, A J., 103, 177, 178 Meyer, D R., 125 Meyer, F K., 125 Meyer, J H., Meyers, R., Michaelson, E D 59 Michard, G., 253 Michas, C., 224 Michel, R G., Middaugh, J P., 70 Miera, jun., F R., 201 Miettinen, J K , 85 Migdisov, A A., 115, 16 Mikac-Devic, M., Mikhailov, V A., 148 Miksad, R W., 46 Mikulin, R G., 201 Miles, J R., 190 Miles, M K., 66 Miller, B J., 128, 138 Miller, D F., 39 Miller, D S., 83 Miller, E B., Miller, E C 229 Miller, F J., 59 Miller, F L., 39 Miller, H G., Miller, J A., 229 Miller, J D., Miller, J E., 172 Miller, J M., 30, 34 Miller, J O., 144 Miller, R., 97 Miller, R W., 152 Miller, V L., 152 Millman, A P., 167 Mills, C F., 58, 85 Mills, G L., 265 Mills, J C., 124, 153 Millward, G E., 15 Milne, D B 79, Milnes, A R., 108 Author Index Minami, K., 137 Mincheva, E., I6 I Minor, M M., 198 Minski, M J., 79, 80, 149 Mirabel, P 22 Mirchev, S., 12 Mirocha, C J., 209, 213, 218, 20 Mirumyants, S 24 Mishra, B., 127 Misra, K C., 122 Misra, S G., 122, 189, 193 Mitchell, B D., 159 Mitchell, H H., 84 Mitchell, J G., I16 Mitchell, J R 80 Mitchell, R L., 94, 98, 99, 100, 103, 105, 106, 107, 109, 112, 116, 121, 131 133 161, 168, 202 Mitchell, T J., 58 Mitchell, W A., 165 Mitman, F W., 81 Mitsui, S., 166 Mixon, A C., 23 Miyake, Y., 242,258,263 Mizuno, H., 145 Mizuno, N., 125 Moav, B., Msller, T., 16 Moller, T E., 16 , Moeschlin, S., 72 Moffat, J., 171 Moghadissi, M A., Moghissi, A A., 153 Mokler, B V., Mokwunye, A U., 103 Molloy, L F., 130, 158 Molyneux, M K., Mondragon, M C., Monson, P R., 46 Monteith, J L., 50 Moon, W H., 79 Moore, M R., 87 Moore, R M., 260, 26 Morehouse, L G., 206, 220, 223 Moreira-Nordemann, L M., 198 Morgan, A., 57,59 Morgan, J J , 240 Morgareide, K., 209 Morimoto, S , 28 Morita, K., 59 Moriyama, S., 65 Morozova, N G., 197 Morris, A W., 252 Morris, D F C., 148 Morris, R J., 250 Morris, R V., 114 Morris, S C., Morris, V C., Morrison, G H., 149 Morse, D L 70 Mortensen, H P., 16, 223 Mortvedt, J J., 125, 138, 142, 145 Moser, B C., Mosi, A D., I2 Moss, J., 54 Mossbaek, H I Motina, A G., 166 Motto, C K., 171 Motto, H L., 171 Motuzova, G V., 157 Mouvier, G., 25 Moyers, J L Mroz, E J., 34, 35 Mudd, J B., Mueller, E 190 Muhleisen, R., 44 Mukherji, P., 25 I Mundie, C M., 128, 138 Munkelwitz, H R., 22 Munn, J I., Munn, R E , Munnich, K O., 52 Murad E., 118 Murata, K J., 1 Murphy, J V., 85 Murphy, N J., Murphy, T J., 57 Murr, L E., 12 Murray, J W., 252, 256 Murthy, G K., 79 Murthy, P S., 12 Muskett, C J., 39 Muth, H., 194, 195 Mutscher, H., 100 Muysson, J R., 162 Myron, D R., 80, 88 Nadeau, M H., , Nadeau, S., 38 Nadkarni, R A., 149 Nagamoto, C T., 53 Nagarajan, V., 15 Nagpal, K K., 199 Nagpal, M K., 199 Nagy, K., 16 Naidenov, M., 107, 17, 119, I56 Naidenov, T., 100, 124 Nair, K P P., 94 Nakao, M., 79 Nakuda, K., 80 Nalovic, L., 95 Naoi, M., 230 Nason, A P., 79 Nathani, G P., 100, 137, 141 Natusch, D F S., 12, 37 Navarre, J L., 44 Navrot, J., 127, 130, 133, 137, 141, 142, 157, 185, 187, 189 Nayyar, V K., 145 Neal, G E., 227, 229 Neale, G J., 194 Nechay, M W., Neefus, J D., I 79 A u t ho r Index Neenan M 122 Nees, R T 10‘ Neher R E 20 Neidzwiecki E 14 I Nelson J W., 15 30 Nelson R A Nemetschek Th 59 Nemetschek-Gansler H., 59 Nesdinol, P 15 Nesheim, S., 16 Netterville, D D T., 45 Nettesheim P 58 Neuendorf D W 37,38 Neuerberg, G J., 149 Neuman W P., 86 Neustadter, H E., 5, Nevitt, J S Newham, J., 14 Newhouse M., 62 Newman, A C D., 165 Newman, L., , 16.4 Newton D., 60, 84 Newton, G J., Nguyen, B C., 20 Nicholas, D J D 122 128 132, 195 Nicholson A J 178 Nickless, G 15 Nielsen, F H 80 88 93 Nielson, K K 37 Nikolaev D S 196 Nilsson, K O., 144 154 Ninemiya, K.,79 Nisbet, C T., 145 Nishikawa, Y 252 Nishimura, M 250 Nodiya, P I., 79 Noel, R., 30 Noller B N., 29 Nomoto, S., Nordberg, G F 58,60, 145 Norman, J C., 118 Norred, W P 233 Norris, C., 85 Norrish, K., 128, I33 North, D W 68 Novakov, T 16 Nozaki, T., 80 186 Nriagu, J O., 48,49, 173, 174 Nurnberg, H W., 265 Nullens, H., 15 Nunnelley, L L., Nutter, D E., jun., 152 Nyhan J W., 201 Nyland, T W Oberding, D G., 40 Oberg S G 58 Oberleas D., 70 O’Brien, B J., 200 Obrusnik, I 29 Obukhov, A I 95 O’Connor, B H., 39 O’Connor R., 193 Oddie T H Odum W E I7 I Oertel, A C 95 Oester Y T I Ogle J C 36 Ohnishi Y 59 Ohno S 80 I Ojea F G 135 141 142 Okamura T 79 Okita, T 28 Olafsson J 250 Olausson E 235 Oldfield J E 194 Oliver R C 66 Oliver S , 187 Olkkonen H 13 14 Olney, C E 193 Olsen M., 230 Olson K 171 Olson, E., 79 125 193 O‘Moore L B 122 Omueti J A I 182 183 Ondov, J M 9.36 37 Ong H L., 149 Ophaug, R H 79 Opiela H , 13 Orabi, A A., 127 Ord W O., 232 Ore, C 80 Orel, A E., 28 Orlando P 79, 80 Orr, J S , Osborne, V E 152 Osgood, J W., 220 Osiname, 0.A 142 Osis, D 80 85 Osmond J K 196 Ostadalova, I., 72 Osterroht C., 265 O’Toole, J J 14 Ott W R 62 Ottoway J M., 80 Ouellette, G J 122 Ovchenkov, V Ya., 200 Overley, F L., 190 Overstreet, R., 20 Owst, A P., Oxbow A., 17 I Ozek, F., 16 Ozerova, N A 15 I Paciga, J J., 26 Packham, D R., 35 Padmanabhamurty, B., 44 Page, A L 143, 145 170 Page, B J., 39 Pahren, H R., 79 Pakarinen, P., 203 Paliwal K V., Palmer, S., 79 Palmer, W T., 145 Panday, V K., 79 Panin, M S., I38 Papay L T., 63 Pareek, B L 99 Parfenov Y D., 90 Parizek J 72 Parker G R., 49 Parker R D Parker W A 233 Parkinson T F 146 Parmenter F C 10 Parry G D R 14 Parson J W I74 Parsons G E I Parsons R 264 Parungo F P 12.67 Parryck, D C 63 Pashneva G E 197 Pashutin V P 150 Pasquill F 46 Pasternack B S Patel, C A 193 Patel C K N 1 Paterson M P 34 Pathre S V., 13 220 Patriarche G J I Patsukevich Z V I13 Pattenden N J 19 Patterson C C 56 238 Patterson, D E 23 Patterson D S P 209, 213 16 19 220 22 I 222 223 224.227.229 Patterson, E M 64 Patterson R K 64 Patterson, T A 237 Patwardhan V N., 79 Paul E A 176 Paul S K 67 Paulev P E., 85 Paull R E 172 Paulsch, W E 22 I Paulus H J 25 Pavanasasivam V 122 Pawley, J B 12 Pawluk S 152 Pearce A T 39 Pearman G 29 Pearson, K H., I Pedro G 95 Peech, M I33 Peeler J T 79 Peers F G., 15, 224 Peirson, D H 23 47 Penkett S A., 28 Pensionerova V M 19 I Pepin, T J., Perdelli F 79 80 Perevalov M 99 Perevezentsev V M 187 Perez, D 59 Perhac K 42 Peristianis G C 16 Pernell, H C., 59 Perone, S P., I Perry E F 80 Perry H M 80 Perry R., 39 Pershagen G Author Index 280 Persson B R R., 201 Petel R L 57 Peters L K 52 Petersen H 246 Petersen K., 128 Petersen K 16 Peterson G H., 176 Peterson, M L., 24 I Peterson P J 122, 125 149 Peterson R E 220 232 Pettersson, H 230 Peysakhov Ya M 157 Pfannenstiel R J 62 Pfannhauser W 7Y Phillips M Phillips P E., Philp L A 209 Phipps, G L Picer M I Pierce J 61 171 Pierrou U 176 Pierson W R 5.40 Pietig F 198 200 Pietrini-Pallotta A 79, Pilotte J 30 Pilson M E Q 240 242 Pinchin M J 14 Pinchuk M 30 Pinnick R G Pinta M 95 I61 Piotrowicr S R., 34 I93 Piotrowska M 182 Piotrowska N 121 Piperno E 60 Piscator M 145 Pitz N 59 Plambeck J A 38 Platou J 177 Pleban, K H 81 Pliler, R., 196 Plotnikov V I I92 Pobequin Th I I6 Poddubnyi N N 99 Podporina Y K , I I6 Poelstra H S 28 Poelstra P 152 Pohland A 218 228 232 Polemio, M I88 Polley H 59 Pollock J B 65.66 Polson C J 83 Polzer W H., 97 Pomeroy N P Pons W A 232,233 Ponton, R 220 Poole D B R 173 Popov L N 58 Pories W J Porstendorfer J., Posner, A M 138 Pott F 60 Potzl K 19 Prahrn L P., 46 Prasad A S., 70 I Prasad K G., 98, 157 182 Rao A K Raridon R J 63 Rasmussen L 13, 14 Raspor B 265 Rastogi R C 199 Raston C L., 88 Ratcliffe J M., 14 Raut, S J 79 Ravikovitch, S., 127 130 133 137, 141 142, 157 185 187 189 Ravnskov, U 16 Ray, B J 34 193 Raymond, W H A 80 Rayner E T 233 Rayner J H 164 165 Razin L V 149 Reaves G A 109, 170 Reay P F 88 Rebbert R E 25 Rechnitz G A., I Reck S J 79 Reddy R S 17 Reed E Reeves, R D 125 135 171 Rehfus R., 150 Rehm, G W I77 Reid, J., 23 Reid, J T., 146 Reid, L M., 57 Reid R., 54 Reiners R S 150 Reiners W A 172 Reinhart M 59 Reischl G Reiss N M Reiter E R 48 Quarles, H D., 111 17 I Reiter R 1 19 Quin B F 122 123 Reith, J W S 133 138 Quinn J G 193 265 Renovanr H D 59 Quirk J P I38 Reuss, J 54 Reuther, W 139 Raabe, G Rabinoff R., 65 Reynoldo E F 230 Rhea U., 79 Rack E P Ribeiro, M E Racz, G J 141 142 Ricci P 30 Radke, L F 34 35 39 53 66 Rice C M 101 Rae, T., 58 Rice, H B 103 Raffke W 79 Rice, W L 149 Ragaini R C 36 37 38 Rich C I., 97 Ragg, J M I39 Richards L W 28 Rahill R L 98 Rahman Q 59 Richardson K A, 196 Rahn, K A., 23, 29 30 Ridley W P 72 Rieke P E 190 32.33 Rahola T 85 Riffaldi R., 145 Raikov, L., 199 Riggs B L 84 Rakshit A K 79 Riley A E 37 Ralston H R 38 Riley J P 34 234 235 248 Ramachandra Murty, A S 67 250 Rarnalingaswarni V 15 Risby T H I7 Rampy L W., 59 Ritchie, J C 201 Rancitelli L A., 37 Ritter C J 154 Randhawa N S 122 196 Roaldset E 15 I7 Rankin P C I I7 Robak H., 181 Rantu R., 79 Robbins C W 193 Prather E S 79 Pratt P F 103 121 127 1.30 1.33 135 137, 141 158 Prentice B A 37 Presant E W 128 Preston A., 254 Price J E 15 Priemskaya A E 202 203 Priest P., 44 Prigge E., 173 Prince A L 103 109 112, 168, I69 Prinz B 14 Prister B S 187 Probert M E., 178 Proctor D F Proctor J I25 Prodi F 10 12 Prokhorov V M., 200 Prosky L 79 Prospero J M 10 20 Protasova, N A., 122 Proulx, H., I Proulx, R A 67 Provenanzo G 32 Pruppacher H R 53 Pueschel, R 12 37 67 Pui, D H Y 39 Punsar S Purchase, F H., 206 213 15.22 I 223.230 Purdy, W C., Purushottam D., 198 Purves D 61, 139 143 Pyle J L 220 Author Index Roberds, D W., Roberts, B A., 39, 209, 216, 19.220.22 I 222.223 Roberts E., 17 Roberts G H Roberts, H R., 23 Roberts L H., 39 Roberts, L J., 145 Roberts N 38 Roberts, P T., 64 Roberts, T M., 172 Robertson C E 97 Robertson, D E 24 Robertson J 79 Robertson, K J., 250 Robertson, R A., 202 Robig G Robins, A G 45 Robinson, G D., 64 Robinson, M F Robinson, W O., 117 18 I Robson, A., Robson, L E., 15 Robtsov D M., 197 Rodhe, H., 47 Rodricks, J V., 206 212, 216, 220.222,223.224,23 Roedel, W., 27 Roesler H J., 190 Rogers, C F., Rogers J J W., 196 Rogers, R D 49 153 Rogge, H D., 59 Rohm, K J., Rohwer P S 63 Rolfe, G L 61, 172 Rollier, M A., 79 Romano D J., Romanov, G N., 200 Romney E M 102 Ronaghy H A Ronneau, C 44 Ronov, A B 1 115, 116 120 Root, D B 36 Rosa W C., Rose, A W 143 15 Rose, D 79 Rose F 13 Rose H J Rose W I 12 Rosen H., 16 Rosen J M 4, 34 Rosenberger, G., 59 Rosenfeld I 70 194 Rosenvold R J 25 Rosinski J 53 Roslyakova N A 149 Roslyakova N V., 149 Rosopulo A I7 I Ross G J 159 Ross W J I Rossi, L C., 79 Rossner H 108 Rostgaard, M., 16 28 Roszyk, E 125, 129 Roth, P., 84 Rothbaum, H P 198 Routh, M W Rowe, J J 147 Rowe, M D., Roy, B R., I Roy, W R 98, 99 103, 105, 106 107, 109, 12 117, 124, 196 Rozhkov, S., 149 Rubilin E V 200 Rubino, R A., Rubinson, A C., I18 Rubow, K L., Rudeforth, C C., 100, 106, 110, 117 127 130, 135, 137, 141, 185, 189 Ruebner, B H., 224 Ruettner, J R., 59 Ruf, H 100 101 Ruffer, L 232 Rumberg, C B., 191 Rump, H H., 203 Rundo, J., 84 Rupp, E M., 63 Ruppert, J 54 Russ, E R., 250 Russell E W., 159, 164 Russell, J C 59 Russell, J D., 159 Russell, P B., I 45 Rutman, J , Rutman R 80 Ryan, N J., 15 Ryan P., 94 Ryder J 38 Rylander, R., 59 Saas A., 200 Sabey B R., 145 Sabroux, J C., 35 Sackett, W M 235 Sackner, M A., 59 Sadasivan, S., 26 Sagan, C., 65,66 Saha, J G., 86, 150 154 St Arnaud R J., 109, 144, 154 183 189 Sakanque M 201 Sakurai, H 80 Salamone, M F., 25 Salhab A S., 230 Salmon, L., 7, 16, 31 201 Salmon R C 102 Sal’nikov V G 187 Saltzman B E Sarnsahl K Sandberg, D V 35 Sandberg J S., Sander, S P 27 Sanders W 150 Saner, G., I Santaroni G 79 Santillan Medrano J 144 Santoprete, G 74, Santroch, J., 29 Sapek, A., 127, 133 135, 137, 141, 169 Sapetti, C., I7 Sarofin, A F., 145 Sartorius, R., Sasajima, K., Sasuga, T., Saukov, A A,, 15 I Saunders, W B., 83, 86 Savoie D L., 10 Saxena, S N., 157, 176 Saxena, V K., 8.67 Scales, J T Schaller, K H., 80, Scharpenseel, H W., 198, 200 Schaule, B., 56 238 Scheff, P A Scheider, W A., 54 Schelenz, R., 79 Schelz, J P., 16 Schiller, P., 149 Schindler, J E., 152 Schlesinger R B., 59 Schlipkoter H W 59, 60 Schmidt, U., 88 Schmitt, R A 115 Schnakenberg, D D., 79 Schneider C J., 71 Schneider, S H., 64 Schnitzer, M., 164 Schock, H H., 199 Schoenhard G 190 Schofield, C L., 54 Schrauzer, G N Schreck, R., 59 Schrocder, H A., 72, 79 80, 81,89 Schroll, E., 195 Schroll, J., 195 Schubert, J R., 194 Schull, G 14 Schuller P L 18 22 I Schulte, E E., 142 Schultz, R K., 150, 201 Schuhz-Dobrick, B., 143 Schumacher, P M., Schuster B G I I Schutz, A., 59 Schwartz K 194 Schwartz R., 79 Schwartz S E., 47 Schwarz K 85, 90 Schwela D H., 52 Schwertmann, U 109 Schwitzgebel, K., 37 Sclarew, R C 46 Sclater F R., 238 249, 259 Scorer R S 34 Scott N M 178 Scott P M 218 Scott R 163 Scott W D., 34 Scoular F I Author Index 282 Scriven R A, 46 Segall H J 72 Searle, P L 108 Seaward M R D 13 Sedberry J E., jun., 128, 138 142 Sedlak M I90 Sehmel, G A 52 56 Seidel, S L 238 Seils C., 57 Seinfeld J H 27 28 Selezneva, E S., 17 Selikoff, J 12 Sell, J L., 154 Selvam A M 67 Semb A., 54 Semenov E I., 150 Sensi M 188 Sequeira R 29 Sequi, P 122 Serebrennikov V V 197 Serkies J J 62 Servant, J 36 Seth.S P 100 137, 141 Sethuraman S., Settle D., 56 Severson, R C 39 Shabynin L L., 149 Shacklette H T 98 101 I 11, 118 145 148, 149 Shadoan D J 64 Shair, F H., 46 Shakuri, B K., 98 106, 112, 124 135 Shales, S W 145 Shand, C A 155 Shani, G 33 Shank, R C 15 Shanker H., 137, 141 Shanks, H R 38 Shannon, G M 22 I Sharma B M 137 141 Sharma P., 127 Sharma, P K 103 Sharova, A S I22 Shaw D M 161 162 Shaw D T Shaw G E , 3 , Shaw T L 15 Shchukin, A B., 200 Sheesley, D C Sheih C M 45 Shepherd Burton, C., 46 Sherman, G D 108 Shewry, P R 125 Shibuya M 185 186 Shigematsu 79 Shigematsu, T 252 Shils, M E., 84 Shimizu, M Shimmins J., Shimoishi, Y 243, 244 Shinde, D A 127 Shleien B Shoji S 137 141 Short, N M 105 Shotwell, L 18 22 Shreeve B J 209, 213, 220 222,223 Shrift, A 194 Shrimp, N 103, I 12, I24 Shukla, U C 08 182 Shuler, T R., Shults W D 60, 150 Shum Y S I Sibley, T H., 240 Sidelnikova, V D., 191 Sidhu S S 39 Sidik, S M Siefferman, G 198 Siegel, B Z., 154 Siegel, S M 154 Siegmund C W 37 Sievering H 56 Silberman, D., 37 Sillanpaa, M., 202 Silverman, B A 67 Silvola, J 14 Simonich, D M., I Simonsen G H 122 Sims, J D 17 Sindeeva, N D 19 Sine, H E I Singer, L 79 Singh, B., 122 Singh D 14 Singh, J J 38, 59 Singh, M., 127 Singh, S., I22 Singha, S K., 98 Sinha, S B 14 I Sinnhuber R 12 Sipos L.,265 Skelton, B W., 8 Skerfving, S 59 Skirrow, G., 34, 234 Sklavenitic, H Sklodowski P 127, 133 135, 137, 141, 169 Sklyarov, G A., 122 Skogerboe R K 16, Sladkovic R 19 Slater, T F., 224 Slavina, T P 197 Slingsby, D R 135 Slinn W G N., 26, 50, 52 Small, R J 145 Smart, N A., 154 Smierzchalska K 201 Smith, B H 122 Smith, D B., 12 Smith, D C., 79, Smith F B., 46 Smith, F F., 194 Smith H., 79, Smith, C., 60 Y3 148 Smith J C., 80 Smith K L 37 Smith L B., 79 Smith P J 8 Smith R A 38 Smith R D 37 Smith, R G., jun., 262 Smith, R H., 115 Smith, S., 14 Smith, S J., 184 Smith, T B., I Smith, W H., 154 Smythe W R Snetsinger, K G., 22 Sneva, F A 98 Snyder, D S 54 Snyder L A Snyder, W S., 70 Sobecki S Soderlund, R., 174 Serndergaard, E 194 Sokolova T A., 157 Soldatini G F 145 Solgaard, P., 85 Sollman, T., 83 Soman, S D., 79 Sommer, G 17 Sonoda, Y 190 Sood, S K., 53 Soong, R 156 SpallholL, R E 85 Specht W A., 171 Spector W S., Speecke, A., 79 Spencer D W., 234.253.256 Spencer H 79 80, 85 Spicer C W 28 Sporn A 79 Spring J A 79 Springer G S Spruit, D., Spumy, K R., , 13 Spyrou N M 16 Srebrodol’skiy B 19 Sridhar, K., 32 Srivastava U S 79, Stack, M., 16 Stahr, K , 101 Stallard, R F 236 Stampfer, J F., jun., 42 Stanley, J B., 232 Stanton, D A 142 Stanton, R E., 195 Starke R., 192 Steele, A K 254 Steen, B., Stefansson, K M., 34 Steinnes E., 14 Stelmach Z., 185 Stenstrom, T 145 Stern A C., 2, 3, 57, 62 Stesney, J A 194 Stevenson F J., 138, 174 Stevenson, I L., 163, 174 Stewart, J J., 182 Stewart J M 202 Stewart J W B., 152, 155 176 177 Stewart P L 79 Author Index Stewart, R D H 89 Stewart T B., 27 Steyn, P S., 208 230 Stiefel T 58 Stiff M J., 83 Stiller-Winkler, R 59 Stirpe, F 227 229 Stith, J L., 34 35 Stober W., 13 Stockham, J D 53 Stoeppler, M 93 Stoewsand, G S., 146 Stoffyn, M., 237 Stoiber, R E., 12 Stoilov G., 94 Stokes, C A., 67 Stokes, G N., Stolarski, R S., 66 Stoloff L., 215 216 218, 222, 223,230, 232 Stolwijk, J A J., 64 Stone, B., 153 Stoner, J., 250 Stoner, L H., 246 Stoops, G., 94 Stopford, W., 85 Stott, A N B., 60 Stout, J D., 200 Strain, W H., I Strand, J., Strasser P., Street, J J., 145 Streeten, D H P., 79 Streit, S., Strickland, R C., 144, 145 Strohal, P., I , 15 Struempler, A W 53 Stukel, J J., 50 Stumm W 65 234, 264 Styles, J A., 58 Suda, P., 124, 127, 130, 133, 135, 137, 141, 144 155, 169, I89 Suder, J., Sudom, M D., 109 Suess, M J., 28, Sugden, T M., I Sugimura, Y., 242, 258,263 Suhr N H., 143 Sullivan, E M., 62 Summers, A., 66 Sumner, M E., 19 Sundby, B., 250 Sundd, D K., 189 Sunderman, F W., I , 93 Sung, T C., 106, 107, 109, 112, 121, 124, 127, 133, 135, 137, 141, 157, 168, 169 Suomela, J., 87 Suschny, 17 Suttle, N F., 122 Sutton, A,, 80 Sutton, D C., 80 Suzuki, M., Suzuki, S., 125, 12, 220 283 Suzuki, Y 242,258,263 Svanberg S I Svedung I 49 Svensson, B H 174 Sventikhovskaya, A N., 203 Sverdrup G M., Swaine, D J 94, 106, 182 Swanson, V E., 149 Sweeney, A 193 Swenson, D H., 229 Swieboda, M., 61 Swift, R S., 163 Swissler, T J 22 Swoboda, A R., 184 Syers J K., 155, 189 Syo, S., 167 Szadkowski, D., Szalay, A., 113, 121 Szekely, A., 198 Szilagyi, M., 113 120 Tabatabai, M A., 177, 178 Taboadela, M M., 135 Tackett, C D., Tag, P M., 67 Tai H., 155 Tait, J M., 33 159 Takahashi, E 167 Takahashi, K., 59 Takatoh, H., 166 Takeda, Y E., 16 Takeyoshi H., 59 Takitani, S., 220 Takkar, P N., 130 Talati, N R., 157 Talbot, R J., 59 Talcot, R., 59 Talibudeen, O., I97 Talipov, R M., 149 Talmi, Y., 36 Tammer, P M., 188 Tampieri, F., 10 Tandon, B N., I5 Tandon, H D., 15 Tandon, S P 199 Tanner, J T., Tanner R L., Tanno, M., 188 Tanskanen, H., 202 Tantashev, M V., 24 Tardy, Y., 91 Tashiro, F., 230 Taskayev, A I., 200 Tattersall, R N., 83 Tatton, J O’G., 79 Tauzin, J., 122 Taylor, D., 150 Taylor, F E., 250 Taylor, F G., jun 39 Taylor, J., 209 Taylor, J A., Taylor, R M., 112 Taylor, S R., 96, 101, 195 Tedrow, J C F 103, 112 124 Tejning, S 154 Templeton, G D., 111, 113 ten Brink H M., 28 Tensho K 167 Teramoto K 79 Ter Haar, G I 40 Ternovskaya, M., 187 Thacker, E 194 Thanukos, L C Thayer, J S., 72 Theodore, L Thilly W G., 25 Thom, G C 62 Thomas, D W., 89 Thomas, G W., 184 Thomas W A., 118 Thomas, W C., Thomas, W W., 39 Thompson, A 15 Thompson, I., 14 Thompson, L K., 39 Thomson, C D., 80,89 Thomson, 122 Thompson, J G 181 Thompson, J N., 80 Thorn, J., 80 Thornton, A S., 62 Thornton, I., 120, 122, 171 190, 191 Thurier, R 38 Tidball, R R., 169 Tiffin, L O., 125 Tikhomirov, F A., 187 Tikhonov, S A., 198 Tilak, T B G., 15 Tiller, K G., 132, 133, 142, 145, 171 Tilling, R I., 147 Tillman, C., 13 Timar, M., 59 Timonov, M A., 58 Tinker, P B., 97 Tinline, R D., 154 Tinsley, J., 174 Tipton, I H., 79, 80, Tischendof, G., 19 I Tisue, T 57 Titaeva, N A., 197, 198 Tiwari, R C 189 Tjell, J C., 61, 85, 98, 103, 105, 127, 130, 133, 135, 137, 141, 144, I69 Tkachuk, R., 154 TGei, K., 243, 244 Tokiwa, H., 59 Tokiwa Y., Tokudome, S., 152 Tolonen, K., 203 Tomasi, C., 10 Tomingas, R., 59 Tompkins, M A., 72 Toon, B., 65,66 Tooper, B M., 22 Topping, G., 56 Toribara T., 86 Author Index 284 Torjussen, W., Tourtelot, E B 13 Tragardh, C., 64 Trager, W., 232 Trauth, N., 97 Travesi, A 100 107, 117, 119, 124, 156 Travis, J R., 33 TrdliEka, Z., 19 I Tremearne, T H., 188 Trip, L J., 150 Tripathi, B R 103, 127 Tripathi, N., 193 Trohlinger, J D., 10 Trucco, R., 29 Trudinger, P A., 176 True, M B., 258 Truesdale, V W., 244, 246 Truex, T J Trusty, G L., Tseng, W P., 88 Tsongas, T.A Tsuchiya, K., Tsuji, T., 201 Tucker, A., 68 Tucker, J H., Tugarinov, A I., 16 Tugsavul, A., 17 Tullett, M T., 4 Turanskaya N V., I15 Turekian, K K., 146 191 Turner, A C., 29 Turner, D B 45 Turner, D R., 240 Turner, W B., 208 Turvey, D E., 47 Tuzova A M., 1 I Twidale, C R., 108 Twiss, S., Twitty, B L., I Tyler, G., 172 Tyler, J J., 145 Tyotina, N A., I 13 Tyuremnov S N., 203 Uchida, H., 243 Uchiyama M., 16 Udo E J., 14 Ueno, Y., 212 218 220, 224 230 Ulrich, B., 54 Underwood E J 70 106 Unwin, R J 139 Uraguchi, K 206 Ure, A M 98 100, 101, 116 118 150, 155, 193 Urone P., 80 Uthe E E., 42.45 Uziak, S 106, 107 112, 124 127, 135 137 Vahter, M 145 Vainshtein E E., I I Valadares J M A S 121 139, 141 Valenta, P., 265 Vali, G., 67 Vallyathan, N V 12 Van Camp, W., 66 van Cauwenberghe, K., Vandeputte, M Van der Klugt, N., 152 Vanderveen, J E 79 van der Watt, K J., 221 van de Vate J F., 28 Van Dijk, H 170 van Egmond, H P., 221 Van Espen, P., 15 Van Eysinga, J P N L R., 186 Van Fassen, H G., 153 van Grieken, R E 21, 193 Van Hook, R I., 36.49.60 Van Laerhoven, C J., 145, 152 Van Loon, J C., 54, 148, 154 Van Ormer D G., 81 van Rensburg S J 13 Vanselow, A P 161 Van Valin, C C., 67 Van Werden, K., 203 Vareille, J., 29 Varhelyi, G., 24 Vaswani, I., 84 Veillon, C Venkata Rao, B V., 142 Veno, F., 53 Venugopal, B., 72 Vercruysse, A., I Veriovkin, G V., 148 Verrett, M J., 230 Vesela, J., 15 Vesely, D., 15 Vesonder, R F., 232 Viezee, V., 1 Vijayakurnar, K 67 Vincent L C., 190 Vine J D 13 I Vinegar, A., 58 Vines, R G., 35 Vinnikov, K Ya., 65 Vinogradov, A P., 10 1, 120 Viswanathan P N 59 Vitousek, P M., I72 Vittal, K P R 141 Vittori O., 52 Vlegaar, C M., 29 Vlek, P L G 175 Vles, R 232 Volchok H L., Volosin, M T., Volz F E 34 von den Goltz H 101 Vorotnitskaya I E I Y Y Vostal J J 85 Votava H J 85 Vouk V B 58 Vukovich F M 45 Wada, K 142 159 Wadden R A Wade T L., 193 Wadstrom T., 224 Wadsworth, G A., 54 Waggoner, A P 26 Wagman J., 64 Wagner, J C., 59 Wagner, S L., Wahlberg P., Waiss, A C., 232 Waiters, E M., 250 Walker, B S Walker, T R., 33 Wall, S M., WalLT., 198 Wallace, G T., 34 Wallace, L., Wallace, R A., 150 Wallach S., 84 Waller, N., 176 Waller, R E., 59 Wallihan, E F., 168 Walmsley, D., 100 Walravens, P A., 80 Walsh, L M., 190, 19 Walsh, P R., 6, 8, 28, 34, 48, 63 Walsh, T 94, 122, 193 Walters N H., 87 Walters, W B., 16 Walton, W H., 58 Wang, P K., 53 Wang, T V., 227 Wangen, L E., 8,36, 52 Wanner, A 59 Wanntorp, H., 154 Ward, D E 35 Ward F N., 194 Ward, N E., 17 Ward, N I., 171 Warner, T B 250 Warren, H V 151 153, 190 Waslenchuk, D G., 24 I Waslien, C I., 71, 79 Waterhouse, C., 86 Waters, M D., 59 Watkins, J L 29 Watkins, N D 35 Watkinson, J H., 80, 194 Watson A P I Watt, J J 98 100, 101 Waynforth H B., 22 Weatherhead A V 108 Weatherley M., 41 Weaver, C E 196 Webb J S 120 122 191 Webber, G R 94 Webber J 54 Webley, D M., 163 Wedborg M 240 Wedding, J B., 50 Wedepohl K H., 96, 98, 99 100 101 102 104 105, 107 108 110 112, 113 114 115, 118 119 121 122, 125 130 131 134 136, 139, 143, 146, 147 150, 155, 158, 160, 161, Author Index 162, 163 164, 166, 167, 68, 173, 176, 179 181, 185, 86, 188, 191 194, 195, 196, 97, 203 Weed, S B., 108 159, 163 64, 165 175 Weed, S O., 13 Wegelius, 81 Wehner, A P., 59 Wei, E., 59 Wei, R.-D., 18 232 Weickmann, H K., 12, 67 Weimer, W C., 56 Weinburg, E D., 208 Weinig, E., Weir, A., jun., Weir, A H., 106, 165 Weiss, G., 13 Weiss H V 53, 250 Weiss, R F., 236, 256 Weissberg, B G 153 Welford, G A., Wells, A C., 60 Wells, B 29 Wells, N 94, 97 98, 141, 156, 192 Welshman, S G Wenck, A., 265 Wenlock, R W 80 Wentworth, R A., 79 Werlefors, T., 13 Werner, C., 1 Werner, E., 84 Wesch, H., 59 Wesely, M L 50, Wesolowski, J J , 27 Wessels, T E., 14 West, R E., 36 Wester, P 79 Westing, A H., 184 Weswig, P., Weyl, R., I08 Wheat, H G 25 Wheeler G L Whelpdale, D M., 42.48, 64 Whitaker, T B., 18 Whitby, K T., 8, 25, 26 39, 41 White, A H 88 White, A J R., 96 White, D A,, White, H S., 80 White J A., 182 White, M C., 145 White, W H., 63 64 Whitehead D C., 177 188 Whitehead, E I 193 Whitestone, R R 189 Whitfield, B L 63 Whitfield M., 240 264 Whitton J S., 97 98 141 156 Wiacek, K I82 Wiatrowski E Widdowson A E 182 Widdowson, J P., 100 285 Wideman, T R., 115 Wiebe, H A., 27 Wieczorek, G A., 192 Wiendl, U., 120 Wiersma, G B., 50 155 Wiffen, R D., 3.39.50.60 Wiklander, L., 154, 190 Wilcox, S L., 62 Wild, A., 110 Wilder, B., Wilding, L P 165 Wildung, R E 201 Wiley, M., 232 Wiley, M L., 24 Wilk, G., Wilkins, C., 100, 106 110, 117 127 130, 135, 137, 141, 185, I89 Wilkinson, S R 103 Willeke, K., 26 Willey J D., 238 Williams, A., Williams, A F I14 Williams, C., 122 69 177, 198 Williams, C H., 144, 77, 178 Williams, D R., 16 Williams, F P., Williams, K T 189 Williams, M L., Williams, P., 12 37 Williams P M 250 Williams, R J B., 102 Williams, R J P., 93 Williams S R 72 Williamson, R H., Willis, J P 1 Wills, H., 59 Wilson B J 212, 213 Wilson D J., 45 Wilson, H., 86 Wilson, J., 58 Wilson, M., Wilson, M J., 109, 125, 159 162 Wilson, W E., jun., 39 42 Wimmer J , 155 Winchester J W., 15 19 21, 26 29 30, 56, 193 Windom, H L 34 249, 250 262 Winkler P., 20 Winston, R M., 58 Winterburg, S H., I8 Wintrobe, M M., Wiseman, G., 82 Wisniewski J., 30 Witz S., Wixson, B G., 49 172, 173 Wlochowicz, R Wlodek S 32 Wolff E 149 Wofsy s c 20 Woidich, H 79 Woitowitz, R., I Wolf W R., 79 80 81, 91 Wolfram, W E 150 Wolgemuth K., 235 Wollast, R., 97 237 Wolynetz, M S., 103, 105, 106, 109, 124, 127, 130, 133, 135, 137, 141, 155, 158, 169, 189, 193 Wong, G T F 244, 245 246, 257 Wong, J J., 224, 230 Wong, Z A, 224 Wood, J M., 72 Wood, L., Woodell, S R J., 125 Woodruff, N.P., 32 Woods, D C., 8, 12 Woolson A E., 190, 191 Woosley R L Wrathall A E., 222 Wren, A G., 27 Wright, J R., 127, 133, 137, 141, 169 Wright, T., 147 Wszolek, P C 146 Wyllie, T D 206 218, 220, 223 Wynder, E L 25 Yaalon, D H 44 128 Yamagami Y., 145 Yamagata N 79 Yamakawa M., Yamamori, Y 188 Y amamoto T Yamauchi, F 150 Yamawaki, T 79 Yamazaki H., 252 Yamazaki, K., 206.2 I2 Yan, N D., 54 Yanachkova, M., 199 Yanagisawa, S 193 Yanase, Y., 195 Yang, G., 18 Yang, S L., 230 Yano, N., 23 Yaroshevskii, A A 120 Yarovaya, G A , 122 Yeats, P A, 250 253 Yeh, K L., 167 Yluruokanen, I., 18, 203 Yokoyama, E., 200 Yost, K J., 38 Young, J A., 23 Young, J W S., 46 Young, R S., 133 Younts, S E., 100 Yuita, K., 185, 186 188 Yung, S C 63 Yung, Y L., 20 Yunoki E Zablocki Z 14 Zachariasen, H., 81.93 Zafiriou, C 258 286 Zaidi, S H., 59 Zaldivar, R., 88 Zaman, Q U., 137, 141 Zanek, Z., 208 Zankl, B., 26 Zanzi, I., 84 Zaworowski Z., 32 Zborishchuk Yu N., 121, 127 133, 137, 139, 141, 157, 187 Zebel, G Zeman, J., 114 Zenchelsky, S 33 Zettwoog P., 35 Author Index Ziegler, E L., 145 Zielinski R A 12 Zier, M Zietecka, M., 125, 129 Zimdahl, R L., 170, 172 Zimmerman M., 103 Zimmerman, P W., I52 Zimmerman, T J 80 Zink, P., Zitko, V., 87 Zmysowska, S., 197 Zobers, V., 37 Zoller W H I , 16 17, 18 34 38.41 I I3 Zorn H., 58 Zottl H W 101 Zuber, M S 23 I Zubkov A I., 200 Zuev, V E., 1 Zussman J 164 Zvyagin, V G 149 Zwarich M A 124 154 Zyrin N G., 121, 127 133, 137 139, 141, 156 157 187 ... intercalibrated and applied to measurement of dust in the Saharan air layer over the N Atlantic ocean: the turbidity data was examined in relation to mineral and sea salt components of particulates... bacterial and fungal spores, are also present In the Antarctic aerosol practically all of the mass is attributed to SO:-,* but in a non-urban area at Chilton (Oxon) for example, 50% of TSP was... Total particulate concentrations in the atmosphere and levels of associated elements of potential toxicity such as As, Cd, Pb, and Se may present a nuisance or serious hazard to man and animals