Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com www.Ebook777.com DISABILITY STUDIES VIRTUAL REALITY PEOPLE WITH SPECIAL NEEDS No part of this digital document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means The publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this digital document, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained herein This digital document is sold with the clear understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, medical or any other professional services DISABILITY STUDIES JOAV MERRICK - SERIES EDITOR – MEDICAL DIRECTOR, MINISTRY OF SOCIAL AFFAIRS, JERUSALEM, ISRAEL Disability from a Humanistic Perspective: Towards a Better Quality of Life Shunit Reiter 2011 ISBN: 978-1-60456-412-9 (Hardcover) Pain Management Yearbook 2009 Joav Merrick (Editor) 2011 ISBN: 978-1-61209-666-7 (Hardcover) Pain Brain Stimulation in the Treatment of Pain Helena Knotkova and Ricardo Cruciani and Joav Merrick (Editors) 2011 ISBN: 978-1-60876-690-1 (Hardcover) Contemporary Issues in Intellectual Disabilities VP Prasher (Editor) 2010 ISBN: 978-1-61668-023-7 (Hardcover) Rett Syndrome: Therapeutic Interventions Meir Lotan and Joav Merrick (Editors) 2011 ISBN: 978-1-61728-614-8 (Hardcover) 2011 ISBN: 978-1-61728-080-1 (Softcover) Cancer in Children and Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: Current Research Aspects Daniel Satgé and Joav Merrick (Editors) 2011 ISBN: 978-1-61761-856-7 (Hardcover) Pain Management Yearbook 2010 Joav Merrick (Editor) 2011 ISBN: 978-1-61209-972-9 (Hardcover) 2011 ISBN: 978-1-62808-255-5 (Hardcover) Neural Plasticity in Chronic Pain Helena Knotkova, Ricardo A Cruciani and Joav Merrick (Editors) 2011 ISBN: 978-1-61324-657-3 (Hardcover) Down Syndrome and Dementia A Comprehensive and Historical Review Vee P Prasher 2012 ISBN: 978-1-62081-263-1 (Hardcover) Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Disability and Chronic Disease Joav Merrick, Shoshana Aspler and Mohammed Morad (Editors) 2013 ISBN: 978-1-62948-288-0 (Hardcover) Pain: International Research in Pain Management Joav Merrick, Patricia Schofield and Mohammed Morad (Editors) 2013 ISBN: 978-1-62948-423-5 (Hardcover) Pain and the Elderly Mimi MY Tse and Joav Merrick 2013 ISBN: 978-1-62948-468-6 (Hardcover) Quality of Life and Intellectual Disability: Knowledge Application to other Social and Educational Challenges Roy I Brown and Rhonda M Faragher (Editors) 2014 ISBN: 978-1-62948-264-4 (Hardcover) From One Century to the Next: A History of Wrentham State School and the Institutional Model in Massachusetts Ingrid Grenon 2014 ISBN: 978-1-63117-711-8 (Hardcover) Virtual Reality: Rehabilitation in Motor, Cognitive and Sensorial Disorders Paul M Sharkey and Joav Merrick (Editors) 2014 ISBN: 978-1-63321-773-7 (Hardcover) Virtual Reality: People with Special Needs Paul M Sharkey and Joav Merrick (Editors) 2014 ISBN: 978-1-63321-729-4 (Hardcover) www.Ebook777.com DISABILITY STUDIES VIRTUAL REALITY PEOPLE WITH SPECIAL NEEDS PAUL M SHARKEY AND JOAV MERRICK EDITORS New York Copyright © 2014 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, electrostatic, magnetic, tape, mechanical photocopying, recording or otherwise without the written permission of the Publisher For permission to use material from this book please contact us: Telephone 631-231-7269; Fax 631-231-8175 Web Site: http://www.novapublishers.com NOTICE TO THE READER The Publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this book, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained in this book The Publisher shall not be liable for any special, consequential, or exemplary damages resulting, in whole or in part, from the readers‘ use of, or reliance upon, this material Any parts of this book based on government reports are so indicated and copyright is claimed for those parts to the extent applicable to compilations of such works Independent verification should be sought for any data, advice or recommendations contained in this book In addition, no responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from any methods, products, instructions, ideas or otherwise contained in this publication This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information with regard to the subject matter covered herein It is sold with the clear understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering legal or any other professional services If legal or any other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent person should be sought FROM A DECLARATION OF PARTICIPANTS JOINTLY ADOPTED BY A COMMITTEE OF THE AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION AND A COMMITTEE OF PUBLISHERS Additional color graphics may be available in the e-book version of this book Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Virtual reality : people with special needs / editors, Paul M Sharkey and Joav Merrick pages cm (Disability studies) Includes index ISBN: (eBook) Virtual reality therapy Virtual reality Health aspects Virtual reality in medicine People with disabilities Rehabilitation I Sharkey, Paul M II Merrick, Joav, 1950RC489.V57V57 2014 362.4 dc23 2014030280 Published by Nova Science Publishers, Inc † New York CONTENTS Introduction Chapter Virtual and augmented reality environments Orly Lahav, Paul M Sharkey and Joav Merrick Section one: Virtual and augmented reality Chapter Developmental cognitive neuroscience perspective on motor rehabilitation Peter H Wilson Improving orientation and mobility skills through virtual environments for people who are blind Orly Lahav 21 Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Upper-body interactive rehabilitation system for children with cerebral palsy Takehiko Yamaguchi, Paul Richard, Fabienne Veaux, Mickaël Dinomais and Sylvie N’guyen 33 A collaborative virtual environment for conducting design sessions with students with autism spectrum disorder Laura Millen, Sue Cobb, Harshada Patel and Tony Glover 45 Mathematical literacy for everyone using arithmetic games Lena Pareto 63 Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com viii Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Contents The Surrey Virtual Reality System for the (gait) rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy Mohammad Al-Amri, Daniel Abásolo, Salim Ghoussayni and David Ewins Assessing prospective memory in young healthy adults using virtual reality Julie Gonneaud, Pascale Piolino, Grégory Lecouvey, Sophie Madeleine, Eric Orriols, Philippe Fleury, Francis Eustache and Béatrice Desgranges Virtual reality learning software for individuals with intellectual disabilities Emilie Loup-Escande, Olivier Christmann, Romain Damiano, Franck Hernoux and Simon Richir 85 107 121 Haptic presentation of 3D objects in virtual reality for the visually disabled Marcin Moranski and Andrzej Materka 137 Haptics visualisation of scientific data for visually impaired users Ruth White and William Harwin 149 Impact of simulated low vision on perception and action Yasmine Boumenir, Abdelmajid Kadri, Nadège Suire, Corinne Mury and Evelyne Klinger 159 Section two: Acknowledgments 175 Chapter 13 About the editors 177 Chapter 14 About the School of Systems Engineering, University of Reading, United Kingdom 179 About the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in Israel 183 About the book series “Disability Studies” 187 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 www.Ebook777.com About the National Institute of Child Health 185 Assaf HaRofeh Medical Center; National Rett and PKU Centers at Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer; Department of Physiotherapy, Haifa University; Department of Education, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Sciences; College of Judea and Samaria in Ariel and in 2011 affiliation with Center for Pediatric Chronic Diseases and National Center for Down Syndrome, Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus Campus, Jerusalem INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIONS Internationally with the Department of Disability and Human Development, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago; Strong Center for Developmental Disabilities, Golisano Children's Hospital at Strong, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, New York; Centre on Intellectual Disabilities, University of Albany, New York; Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Health Canada, Ottawa; Chandler Medical Center and Children‘s Hospital, Kentucky Children‘s Hospital, Section of Adolescent Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington; Chronic Disease Prevention and Control Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York; Institute for the Study of Disadvantage and Disability, Atlanta; Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Department Psychiatry, Children‘s Hospital Boston, Boston; Department of Paediatrics, Child Health and Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia; International Centre for the Study of Occupational and Mental Health, Düsseldorf, Germany; Centre for Advanced Studies in Nursing, Department of General Practice and Primary Care, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom; Quality of Life Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Nordic School of Public Health, Gottenburg, Sweden, Scandinavian Institute of Quality of Working Life, Oslo, Norway; The Department of Applied Social Sciences (APSS) of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong 186 Paul M Sharkey and Joav Merrick TARGETS Our focus is on research, international collaborations, clinical work, teaching and policy in health, disability and human development and to establish the NICHD as a permanent institute at one of the residential care centers for persons with intellectual disability in Israel in order to conduct model research and together with the four university schools of public health/medicine in Israel establish a national master and doctoral program in disability and human development at the institute to secure the next generation of professionals working in this often non-prestigious/low-status field of work Contact Joav Merrick, MD, MMedSci, DMSc Professor of Pediatrics, Child Health and Human Development Medical Director, Health Services, Division for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Ministry of Social Affairs and Social Services, POB 1260, IL-91012 Jerusalem, Israel E-mail: jmerrick@zahav.net.il In: Virtual Reality Editors: P M Sharkey and J Merrick ISBN: 978-1-63321-729-4 © 2014 Nova Science Publishers, Inc Chapter 16 ABOUT THE BOOK SERIES “DISABILITY STUDIES” Disability studies is a book series with publications from a multidisciplinary group of researchers, practitioners and clinicians for an international professional forum interested in the broad spectrum of disability, intellectual disability, health and human development Reiter S Disability from a humanistic perspective: Towards a better quality of life New York: Nova Science, 2008 Knotkova H, Cruciani R, Merrick J, eds Pain Brain stimulation in the treatment of pain New York: Nova Science, 2010 Prasher VP, ed Contemporary issues in intellectual disabilities New York: Nova Science, 2010 Lotan M, Merrick J, eds Rett syndrome: Therapeutic interventions New York: Nova Science, 2011 Satgé D, Merrick J, eds Cancer in children and adults with intellectual disabilities: Current research aspects New York: Nova Science, 2011 Knotkova H, Cruciani RA, Merrick J, eds Neural plasticity in chronic pain New York: Nova Science, 2011 Prasher VP Down syndrome and dementia A comprehensive and historical review New York: Nova Science, 2012 Merrick J, Aspler S, Morad M, eds Disability and chronic disease New York: Nova Science, 2013 Tse MMY, Merrick J Pain and the elderly New York: Nova Science, 2013 Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com 188 Paul M Sharkey and Joav Merrick Brown RI, Faragher RM, eds Quality of life and intellectuall disability: Knowledge application to other social and educational challenges New York: Nova Science, 2014 Grenon I From one century to the next: A history of Wrentham State School and the Institutional Model in Massachusetts New York: Nova Science, 2014 Contact Professor Joav Merrick, MD, MMedSci, DMSc Medical Director, Health Services, Division for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Ministry of Social Affairs and Social Services, PO Box 1260 IL-91012 Jerusalem, Israel E-mail: jmerrick@internet-zahav.net www.Ebook777.com SECTION THREE: INDEX INDEX # 3D images, 85, 89, 94, 95 A abuse, 178 accelerator, 110 access, 30, 69, 123, 135, 138, 148, 149, 150, 153, 172 accessibility, 4, 59, 65, 83, 157 adaptation(s), 9, 10, 17, 18, 105, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 169, 172, 173, 174 ADHD, 65 adjustment, 88, 163 adolescents, 46, 58, 60 adults, viii, 9, 12, 17, 27, 58, 65, 66, 72, 88, 95, 107, 135, 159, 173, 174, 187 advocacy, 178 age, 25, 50, 71, 95, 109, 110, 119, 173 aging population, 160 algorithm, 34, 68, 87, 88, 89, 90, 98, 102, 105, 140 amnesia, 120 amplitude, 17, 38 ANOVA, 40, 41, 115 anxiety, 68 appointments, 109 ARC, 16 arithmetic, vii, 63, 64, 66, 67, 82, 83 assessment, 16, 19, 31, 71, 107, 109, 114, 118, 136, 171, 174 assets, 104 assistive technology, 64 atmosphere, 179 attitudes, 58, 127, 161 auditory modality, 27 authorities, 173 autism, vii, 4, 45, 46, 47, 50, 58, 59, 60, 61, 65, 70 automatic processes, 119 automaticity, 13, 19 awareness, 19, 28, 109, 161, 162, 172, 174 B bandwidth, 152 barriers, 135 base, 66, 67 behavior of children, 104 benefits, 12, 16, 22, 43, 71 bias, 154 biofeedback, 44 births, 34 blindness, 4, 83, 173 body schema, 16 boxing, 44 Braille, 150, 151 brain, 8, 12, 13, 18, 65, 66, 120 brain damage, 13 192 Index browsing, 157 Butcher, 17 buttons, 85, 87, 88, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 103 C C++, 150 caregivers, 60, 161 case study, 15, 16, 31, 83 cataract, 160 category a, 25 causal reasoning, 69, 83 causality, 78 central nervous system, 34 cerebellum, 10, 15 cerebral palsy, vii, viii, 4, 7, 8, 10, 16, 18, 33, 43, 85, 104, 105 challenges, 16, 43, 47, 147, 188 changing environment, charities, 181 chat rooms, 58 Chicago, 59, 60, 83, 185 childhood, 8, 9, 15, 17, 34 children, vii, viii, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 27, 29, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 43, 46, 47, 52, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 65, 66, 67, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 103, 104, 105, 187 China, 180 City(s), 111 classes, 65, 66, 80, 180 classroom, 60, 65, 71, 72, 73, 82 clients, 23 clinical application, 16 clinical problems, 87 clustering, 140 coffee, 122 cognition, 122, 180 cognitive abilities, 23, 172 cognitive ability, 70 cognitive development, 71 cognitive function, 108, 109, 114, 115, 117, 118, 119 cognitive impairment, 119, 135, 174 cognitive load, 28 cognitive map, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31 cognitive performance, 160 cognitive process, 69, 109, 110 cognitive skills, 4, 21, 64 coherence, 132, 134 collaboration, 47, 59, 63, 67, 81, 83, 181, 183, 184 color, 28, 165 combined effect, 120 communication, 45, 47, 48, 50, 58, 60, 61, 63, 71, 72, 77, 78, 81, 82, 138 communication skills, 64, 78, 82 community(s), 8, 26, 35, 150 competition, 67, 83 complement, 64 complexity, 25, 83, 117, 146 compliance, 7, compounds, 11 comprehension, 69, 70, 83 computation, 64, 68, 79, 180 computer, 4, 26, 29, 30, 31, 35, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51, 57, 59, 60, 79, 81, 86, 89, 91, 93, 110, 121, 122, 135, 136, 138, 139, 150, 162, 163, 166, 177, 180 computer technology, 47 computer use, 30, 150, 163, 166 computing, 59, 60, 136, 157, 180 conception, 136 conceptual model, conference, 4, 59, 60, 83, 105, 157, 177 configuration, 36 Consensus, 140 consent, 65, 161, 173 conservation, 180 construction, 16, 25, 29 consulting, 46 contrast sensitivity, 160, 171, 174 control condition, 160, 164, 165, 166, 168, 170, 171 control group, 43, 159, 167, 168, 169 controlled trials, 18 coordination, 8, 10, 12, 17, 18 correlation(s), 108, 115, 117 cortex, 174 Index cost, 16, 104, 114, 138, 150 covering, cues, 12, 111, 112, 113 curricula, 65, 70 curriculum, 64, 65, 70 D daily living, 118, 136 data set, 150, 154, 156 data structure, 140 database, 24 deficiency(s), 17, 22, 121, 122, 125, 134, 160 deficit, 10, 11, 17, 109, 113 dementia, 119, 187 Denmark, 185 Department of Education, 185 dependent variable, 40 depression, 160, 173 depth, 63, 138, 139, 140, 142 designers, 45 detection, 91, 116, 137 detection system, 91 deviation, 110, 114, 127, 140 diabetic retinopathy, 173 dichotomy, 17, 108 disability, 43, 65, 66, 69, 70, 83, 135, 174, 177, 178, 183, 184, 185, 187, 188 disorder, vii, 4, 8, 10, 17, 18, 34, 45, 60, 70, 110 distribution, 169 diversity, 120, 179 dizziness, 90 DOI, 105 Down syndrome, 70, 187 drawing, 13, 51, 52, 54, 152 dual task, 114, 117, 118 dumping, 24 193 education, 4, 26, 28, 29, 60, 63, 64, 65, 66, 79, 80, 82, 83, 87, 135, 150 educational experience, 161 educational institutions, 172 educators, 123, 161, 174 elbows, 37 elderly population, 174 electronic systems, 22 embossing, 150 emergency, 91 empathy, 72 employability, 180 employment, 28, 64, 180 encoding, 113, 119 endurance, 81 end-users, 45, 46 engineering, 4, 26, 43, 149, 150, 180 England, 179 epilepsy, 90 episodic memory, 108, 114, 116, 117, 119, 120 equality, 65 equipment, 94 ergonomics, 136 ethics, 110 EU, 26, 181 Europe, 180 European Commission, 29, 58 European Union, 181 everyday life, 22, 64, 159 evidence, 9, 12, 13, 18, 78, 81, 119 execution, 11, 108, 114, 117, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 133, 164 executive function(s), 108, 114, 116, 117, 120, 135 exercise, 90 experimental condition, 52, 116, 135 experimental design, 135, 164 expertise, 162 exposure, 25 eye movement, 10 E editors, viii, 177 F face-to-face interaction, 58 194 Index facial expression, 71 families, family members, 161 fear, 23, 47, 82 feelings, 125 fidelity, 127, 150, 155 financial, 150, 173 financial support, 173 Finland, 59 flexibility, 9, 90 flight, 138, 139 fluctuations, 90 food, 135 force, 9, 10, 17, 88, 105, 111, 137, 138, 139, 143, 148, 151 formation, 17, 30 foundations, 83 France, 3, 33, 107, 110, 118, 121, 159, 160, 161 freedom, 138 frontal lobe, 120 funding, 24, 26 guidance, 27, 47, 74, 80, 83, 86, 123, 139 guidelines, 47, 157 H hair, 48, 56 handheld devices, 28 haptic virtual reality, headache, 90 health, 26, 39, 86, 177, 183, 185, 187 health care, 86 height, 27, 144, 145, 155, 156 hemiparesis, 18, 34, 35 hemiplegia, 10, 15, 16, 18 history, 181, 188 Hong Kong, 185 House, 184 human, 17, 77, 138, 147, 148, 171, 174, 177, 181, 183, 185, 187 human development, 177, 183, 185, 187 humanistic perspective, 187 hypothesis, 7, 13, 15, 88, 99, 103, 110, 125, 133, 134 G gait, viii, 85, 86, 87, 105 general education, 82 genetic components, 83 Georgia, 177 Germany, 89, 185 gerontology, 184 gestures, 71, 73 glasses, 89, 123 glaucoma, 160 God, 151 google, 31 governments, 26 GPS, 22, 28 graduate students, 24, 25, 29 grants, 181 graph, 77, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157 gravity, 24 growth, 70, 78 guessing, 77 I ICDVRAT, 3, 59 ideal, 8, 15 identification, 23, 65, 121, 126, 137 identity, 48, 49 image(s), 35, 48, 49, 88, 89, 92, 95, 96, 102, 139 image analysis, 139 imagery, 10, 18, 118, 120 imagination, 47, 50, 52, 57 immersion, 87, 88, 111, 112, 113, 114 impairments, 17, 29, 33, 34, 36, 43, 50, 104, 118, 119, 161, 162 improvements, 77, 87, 127 independence, 65, 69, 150, 161 independent variable, 39, 125 individual differences, 133 Index individuals, viii, 23, 35, 43, 70, 121, 122, 123, 125, 133, 134, 135, 150, 160, 164, 167 industry, 181 infants, 66 Information and Communication Technologies, 31 information dimension, 24, 26 information technology, 136 inhibition, 114, 117, 118 initiation, 10 injury(s), 8, 12, 18, 65, 66, 120 institutions, 26, 180, 181 instructional methods, 69 integration, 4, 8, 9, 17, 83, 94, 96, 98, 103, 114 intellectual disabilities, viii, 29, 63, 64, 65, 82, 121, 135, 187 intellectual skills, intelligence, 83 interface, 30, 37, 59, 60, 87, 96, 105, 121, 122, 125, 127, 138, 139, 146, 152 interference, 114 intervention, 7, 8, 61 intuitive perception, 66 Ireland, 30 islands, 57 isolation, 54, 66, 67 Israel, viii, 3, 21, 58, 177, 183, 186, 188 issues, 10, 12, 50, 87, 174, 187 Italy, 19, 58, 105 J joints, 34, 138 jumping, 53 L lack of control, 109 laptop, 36, 39, 51, 110, 113, 139, 140, 164 lead, 28, 74, 134, 161 learned helplessness, 64 learner progress, 65 195 learners, 59, 63, 64, 65, 68, 80, 81, 83, 122, 174 learning, viii, 4, 8, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 35, 43, 59, 60, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 71, 72, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 86, 111, 121, 122, 123, 125, 132, 134, 135, 137, 138, 161, 173, 180 learning activity, 72 learning difficulties, 60, 67, 81, 82 learning disabilities, 17, 22, 64, 66, 79, 82, 83, 135 learning environment, 23, 59 learning process, 11, 16, 80 learning task, 121, 132, 134 life cycle, 83 light, 68, 74, 88, 139, 150, 162, 163, 169, 172 Likert scale, 54, 95, 113, 114 line graph, 149, 150, 157 literacy, vii, 63, 64 living environment, 137 localization, 24, 26 locomotor, 104 M macular degeneration, 173 magnitude, 66, 69 majority, 13, 85, 97, 102, 103, 139 management, 86 manipulation, 148 manufacturing, 22 mapping, 22, 153 mass, 44 mathematical achievement, 80 mathematical disabilities, 64, 82, 83 mathematical performance, mathematics, 29, 30, 47, 63, 64, 65, 66, 69, 70, 71, 79, 81, 82, 83, 84, 149 mathematics education, 66 matter, 23, 52, 120 measurement(s), 110, 145, 180 median, 54, 55 medical, 65, 86, 90, 177 medication, 109, 113 196 Index medicine, 4, 26, 173, 186 memory, viii, 4, 39, 107, 109, 112, 114, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120 memory performance, 120 memory retrieval, 119 mental age, 72 mental retardation, 65, 66, 69, 83 metaphor, 67 meter, 68 mice, 134 Microsoft, 33, 34, 35, 36, 95, 104, 152 mission, 183 mobility skills, vii, 4, 21, 31 modelling, 9, 15 models, 11, 13, 14, 22, 30, 136, 172 modules, 180 motivation, 8, 33, 34, 35, 42, 43, 47, 50, 57, 81, 83, 86, 87, 122 motor control, 8, 9, 13, 16, 17, 18, 34 motor rehabilitation, vii, 4, 7, 13, 34, 105 motor skills, 52, 71 motor system, 8, 9, 11, 15 motor task, 19 movement disorders, 15 multidimensional, 59 multimedia, 83 music, 28, 61 music therapy, 61 N National Health Service, 181 nausea, 90 nervous system, neural network(s), 11 neuroimaging, 11 neuropsychological tests, 108, 114 neuropsychology, 18, 104, 119 neuroscience, vii, 4, 7, 8, 30, 82, 119 neutral, 95, 111 next generation, 186 Nobel Prize, 178 normal aging, 119, 120 normal development, Norway, 185 O obstacles, 53, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 160 occupational background, 143 occupational therapy, 4, 43, 105 old age, 120 operations, 42, 63, 66, 67 orientation, vii, 4, 18, 21, 25, 29, 30, 31, 111, 151, 152, 161 overlap, 11 P pain, 138, 187 pairing, 118 parallel, 140 parents, 46, 59, 65 Pareto, vii, 63, 83 parietal cortex, 10, 15 password, 123 path planning, 139 pathological aging, 109 pathology, 109 pedagogy, 79 peer review, 23, 25 pelvis, 89, 91 people with special needs, 3, perception of space, performers, 12 personal computers, 89 physical activity, 41, 104 physical therapy, 4, 26, 34 piano, 153 pilot study, 16 pitch, 152, 153 plants, 57 plasticity, 187 platform, 39, 45, 141, 150, 180 playing, 38, 44, 63, 71, 74, 77, 81, 172 pleasure, 125 PM, 18, 19, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118 Poland, 137 Index policy, 185 population, 118, 127 Portugal, 59 positive feedback, 103 post-hoc analysis, 166 prematurity, 18 preparation, 83, 135 presentation order, 126 preservation, 71 president, 109 prevention, 178 primary school, 67 principles, 8, 18, 66 prior knowledge, 163 probe, 147 professionals, 23, 123, 135, 161, 162, 183, 186 project, 34, 35, 47, 50, 58, 60, 61, 70, 121, 123, 135, 150, 157 prototype(s), 24, 26, 33, 36, 38, 41, 43, 46, 74, 137, 138, 139, 142, 143, 147, 150 psychiatric disorders, 135 psychobiology, 26 psychology, 4, 26, 82 public health, 161, 177, 183, 184, 186 public service, 28, 183 Q quality of life, 29, 160, 178, 187 questionnaire, 39, 40, 41, 54, 59, 91, 92, 94, 114, 119, 121, 154, 155, 163, 164, 165 197 recall, 74, 108, 113, 114, 115, 116 receptors, 138 recognition, 22, 23, 113, 143, 172 recognition test, 113 recommendations, 61, 64 recovery, 13, 15, 19, 117 rehabilitation, vii, viii, 4, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 23, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 41, 42, 43, 44, 85, 86, 104, 105, 108, 118, 136, 161, 173, 174, 177, 178, 183 rehabilitation program, 23, 34, 86, 118 rehabilitation tasks, reinforcement, 118 relatives, 161 relevance, 161, 165, 172 reliability, 24 relief, 160 reputation, 179 requirements, 46, 59, 143, 147, 154 researchers, 4, 26, 27, 46, 187 resolution, 22, 147 response, 9, 59, 78, 87, 95, 102, 103, 109, 165 response time, 165 rewards, 51, 53 RH, 17, 82, 119, 120 robotics, 177 root, 66 roughness, 139, 148 routes, 137, 138 routines, Royal Society, 181 rules, 66, 67 R RE, 60, 83 reaction time, 172 reading, 64, 66, 114, 149, 172, 174, 177, 181 reading difficulties, 66 reading skills, 64 real time, 9, 14, 35, 37 reasoning, 63, 64, 67, 69, 81 reasoning skills, 63 S saccades, 17, 18 safety, 22, 88, 103 scaling, 24 school, 23, 50, 58, 65, 66, 70, 71, 81, 161, 173, 180, 186 schooling, 110 science, 4, 26, 29, 63, 68, 71, 74, 78, 80, 81, 82, 149, 150, 184 Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com 198 Index scotoma, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 166, 167, 168, 169, 171 security, 150 self-assessment, 164 self-confidence, 78, 87 self-control, 93, 101 self-efficacy, 65, 72, 81, 83 self-reports, 117 semantic information, 139 sensation(s), 12, 13, 31, 69 senses, 22 sensing, 138 sensitivity, 119, 172 sensors, 22, 87 sensory modalities, 14 sequencing, 114, 122 services, 28, 173 severe intellectual disabilities, 63 shape, 23, 37, 138, 153 showing, 11, 12, 118 signalling, 111 signals, 9, 15 significance level, 99 simulation(s), 38, 135, 159, 161, 162, 164, 165, 166, 172, 173, 174 skill acquisition, 12 skilled performance, 13 skin, 138 social competence, 47 social life, 28 social sciences, 26 social skills, 60, 61, 72 social skills training, 60, 72 society, 83, 184 software, viii, 24, 26, 45, 46, 58, 60, 64, 89, 95, 110, 121, 123, 126, 132, 141, 150, 154 solution, 28, 66, 68, 78, 88 Spain, 60 spastic, 10, 18 spatial information, 21, 22, 23, 27, 28 spatial memory, 111 special education, 60, 63, 64, 65, 66, 70, 72, 73, 76, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83 speech, 71, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 156 spinal cord, 43 spinal cord injury, 43 spreadsheets, 157 SPSS software, 25 stability, 12, 174 stabilization, 174 staffing, 86 standard deviation, 95, 103, 110, 155, 167, 169 stars, 68, 79 state(s), 12, 13, 24, 105 Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, 95 statistics, 127 stimulation, 187 stress, 27, 42, 68 stroke, 15, 16, 18, 19, 43, 87, 119, 136 structure, 49, 52 style, 54, 118 subjective judgments, 132 substitution, 22, 31 subtraction, 72 success rate, 40, 41 Sun, 174 suppliers, 22 survivors, 87 Sweden, 63, 65, 66, 70, 89, 185 syndrome, 61, 63, 70, 81, 84, 187 T target, 9, 10, 14, 15, 25, 37, 93, 110, 117, 120 task difficulty, 33, 41, 43 tau, 3, 21 TBI, 15, 19 teachers, 46, 52, 57, 58, 59, 60, 63, 69, 70, 71, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 122, 161 techniques, 7, 11, 22, 29, 35, 37, 43, 87, 122, 123, 149, 150, 152, 153 technology(s), 4, 7, 23, 26, 28, 29, 30, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 57, 59, 60, 61, 83, 104, 122, 125, 138, 180 temperature, 138 testing, 46, 91, 102, 122, 164 www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Index texture, 23, 24, 138, 147, 148 therapeutic benefits, 35 therapy, 4, 7, 8, 13, 16, 18, 34, 43, 104 therapy process, thoughts, 79 timbre, 152, 153 time pressure, 42 training, 4, 7, 12, 15, 16, 27, 31, 35, 37, 38, 39, 43, 65, 69, 70, 71, 86, 87, 104, 132, 135, 154, 157, 184 trajectory, 9, 12, 13 transport, 17 transportation, 29 traumatic brain injury, 16, 19 treatment, 7, 8, 11, 14, 15, 16, 43, 187 trial, 39, 40, 46, 90, 93 U United Kingdom (UK), viii, 3, 45, 58, 82, 85, 89, 149, 177, 179, 180, 181, 185 United States (USA), 3, 59, 83, 89, 177, 180 universities, 179, 180 updating, 114, 116, 117 urban, 110, 111 V validation, 44 variables, 24, 25, 40, 125 variations, 34 vector, 140 velocity, 37, 154, 156 vibration, 24 video games, 43, 105 videos, 122, 123, 124 virtual reality-augmented therapy, 199 vision, viii, 22, 27, 29, 30, 31, 35, 90, 124, 139, 143, 154, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 177 visual acuity, 160, 172, 173 visual environment, 111 visual field, 154, 160, 171 visual impairment, 4, 29, 160, 161, 162, 164, 165, 166, 172 visual stimulus, 12 visualization, 181 Vygotsky, 65, 83 W walking, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 111, 168 Washington, 84, 174 wear, 89, 92 web, 51 web browser, 51 welfare, 178, 183 well-being, 173, 178 workers, 121, 122, 123, 126, 134, 135 working memory, 116, 119, 120 workload, 40 World Health Organization, 160 worldwide, 160 wrists, 37 Y yield, 8, 12, 16, 75, 77 young adults, 18, 102, 120 young people, 61, 65 www.Ebook777.com ... reality : people with special needs / editors, Paul M Sharkey and Joav Merrick pages cm (Disability studies) Includes index ISBN: (eBook) Virtual reality therapy Virtual reality. .. Virtual Reality: Rehabilitation in Motor, Cognitive and Sensorial Disorders Paul M Sharkey and Joav Merrick (Editors) 2014 ISBN: 978-1-63321-773-7 (Hardcover) Virtual Reality: People with Special Needs. .. virtual reality for people with special needs encompasses two review articles and nine articles based on research initially presented at the 9th International Conference on Disability, Virtual Reality