EQuality the struggle for web accessibility bypersons with cognitiv disabilities

free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com www.ebook777.com free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com equality Never before have the civil rights of people with disabilities aligned so well with developments in information and communications technology The center of the technology revolution is the Internet’s World Wide Web, which fosters unprecedented opportunities for engagement in democratic society The Americans with Disabilities Act likewise is helping to ensure equal participation in society by people with disabilities Globally, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities further affirms that persons with disabilities are entitled to the full and equal enjoyment of fundamental personal freedoms This book is about the lived struggle for disability rights, with a focus on web equality for people with cognitive disabilities, such as those with intellectual disabilities, autism, and print-related disabilities The principles derived from the right to the web – freedom of speech and individual dignity – are bound to lead toward full and meaningful involvement in society for persons with cognitive and other disabilities Peter Blanck is University Professor at Syracuse University and Chairman of the Burton Blatt Institute (BBI) Blanck received a Juris Doctorate from Stanford University, where he was President of the Stanford Law Review, and a Ph.D in social psychology from Harvard University He is Chairman of the Global Universal Design Commission (GUDC) and President of Raising the Floor (RtF) USA His books include Genetic Discrimination – Transatlantic Perspectives on the Case for a European Level Legal Response (with Quinn & de Paor, 2015); Disability Civil Rights Law and Policy (with Myhill, Siegal, &Waterstone, 2014); People with Disabilities: Sidelined or Mainstreamed? (with Schur & Kruse, 2013); Legal Rights of Persons with Disabilities: An Analysis of Federal Law (with Goldstein & Myhill, 2013); and Race, Ethnicity, and Disability: Veterans and Benefits in Post–Civil War America (with Logue, 2010) www.ebook777.com free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Advance Praise for eQuality “We must our best to invite people with cognitive disabilities to become an integral part of our digital world It’s their right It’s society’s gain It’s the right thing to So, hooray for eQuality! And hooray for Peter Blanck’s high achievement in the publication of this path-breaking book.” –David Braddock, Professor & Director of Coleman Institute for Cognitive Disabilities, University of Colorado “The 25th anniversary of the ADA is a fitting time for Professor Blanck to break wide open new territory in the civil rights struggle of persons with cognitive disabilities eQuality is a must-read that will prove essential to scholars and practitioners concerned about web content equality for all people.” –Michael Waterstone, Associate Dean & Professor of Law, Loyola Law School “Ground-breaking achievement! In eQuality, Peter Blanck sets the stage for future advocacy of equal access to the information society.” –Jutta Treviranus, Professor of Design, Director of Inclusive Design Research Centre, OCAD University “Jefferson wrote that freedom has to be secured from one generation to the next The web allows this and future generations of persons with disabilities opportunities to open up worlds that were previously locked away eQuality unlocks this potential and secures freedom into the 21st century – a virtual civic republic.” –Gerard Quinn, Professor of Law, Director of the Centre for Disability Law and Policy, NUI Galway Ireland free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com C AM BRI D G E D I SA BI L IT Y LA W A N D P O L IC Y SE RI ES Edited by Peter Blanck and Robin Paul Malloy The Disability Law and Policy series examines these topics in interdisciplinary and comparative terms The books in the series reflect the diversity of definitions, causes, and consequences of discrimination against persons with disabilities while illuminating fundamental themes that unite countries in their pursuit of human rights laws and policies to improve the social and economic status of persons with disabilities The series contains historical, contemporary, and comparative scholarship crucial to identifying individual, organizational, cultural, attitudinal, and legal themes necessary for the advancement of disability law and policy The book topics covered in the series also are reflective of the new moral and political commitment by countries throughout the world toward equal opportunity for persons with disabilities in such areas as employment, housing, transportation, rehabilitation, and individual human rights The series will thus play a significant role in informing policy makers, researchers, and citizens of issues central to disability rights and disability antidiscrimination policies The series grounds the future of disability law and policy as a vehicle for ensuring that those living with disabilities participate as equal citizens of the world Books in the Series Peter Blanck, eQuality: The Struggle for Web Accessibility by Persons with Cognitive Disabilities, 2014 Ruth Colker, When Is Separate Unequal? A Disability Perspective, 2009 Eilionoir Flynn, From Rhetoric to Action: Implementing the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2011 Isabel Karpin and Kristin Savell, Perfecting Pregnancy: Law, Disability, and the Future of Reproduction, 2012 Larry M Logue and Peter Blanck, Race, Ethnicity, and Disability: Veterans and Benefits in Post–Civil War America, 2010 Alicia Ouellette, Bioethics and Disability: Toward a Disability-Conscious Bioethics, 2011 Andrew Power, Janet E Lord, and Allison S deFranco, Active Citizenship and Disability: Implementing the Personalisation of Support for Persons with Disabilities, 2012 Arie Rimmerman, Social Inclusion of People with Disabilities: National and International Perspectives, 2012 Lisa Schur, Douglas Kruse, and Peter Blanck, People with Disabilities: Sidelined or Mainstreamed?, 2013 Lisa Vanhala, Making Rights a Reality? Disability Rights Activists and Legal Mobilization, 2010 Eliza Varney, Disability and Information Technology: A Comparative Study in Media Regulation, 2013 www.ebook777.com free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com eQuality the struggle for web accessibility by persons with cognitive disabilities PETER BLANCK, PH.D., J.D University Professor and Chairman Burton Blatt Institute, Syracuse University with a foreword by DAVID BRADDOCK, PH.D University of Colorado www.ebook777.com free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com 32 Avenue of the Americas, New York, ny 10013-2473, usa Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning, and research at the highest international levels of excellence www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107051805 © Peter Blanck 2014 This publication is in copyright Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press First published 2014 Printed in the United States of America A catalog record for this publication is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Blanck, Peter David, 1957– eQuality : the struggle for web accessibility by persons with cognitive disabilities / Peter Blanck pages cm – (Cambridge disability law and policy series) isbn 978-1-107-05180-5 (hardback) Computers and people with disabilities – United States Discrimination against people with disabilities – Law and legislation – United States People with disabilities – Legal status, laws, etc – United States People with disabilities – Means of communication Accessible Web sites for people with disabilities – United States Assistive computer technology – Law and legislation – United States People with disabilities – Services for – Government policy – United States I Title kf480.b63 2014 346.73010 38–dc23 2014023788 isbn 978-1-107-05180-5 Hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party Internet web sites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such web sites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com To my children – Jason, Daniel, Albert, and Caroline – who show me all the possibilities for a better future www.ebook777.com free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com 454 References 566 Online Courses Hosting Agreement Between Udacity, Inc and Georgia Tech Research Corporation, a nonprofit research corporation having corporate powers under the laws of the State of Georgia, located at Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 2013 [cited 2014 Mar 22]; Feb 20: Available from: https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/ 713530-udacity-agreement-gt-for-ada.html#document/p8/a105653 567 State University Online Course Hosting and Services Agreement, Between Coursera and West Virginia University [cited 2014 Mar 22]; Available from: https://www.document cloud.org/documents/705288-coursera-west-virginia-university-contract.html#document/ p39/a105644 568 Salman S Conference ASL (CASL): Report [Presentation] 2013 [February 18, 2014]; Available from: http://www.slideshare.net/TEDxBaltimore/casl-report1 569 Leval, P.N Toward a fair use standard, Harv L Rev 1990;103(5): 1105–1136 570 Rathemacher AJ Panel Discussion on Libraries and Best Practices in Fair Use Technical Services Department Faculty Publications 2012; Paper 56 Available from: http://digital commons.uri.edu/lib_ts_pubs/56/ 571 Pacifici S UK – Big Data for Law beSpacific; 2014 [updated February 11; cited 2014 February 18]; Available from: http://www.bespacific.com/uk-big-data-for-law/ 572 Reid B Third Party Captioning and Copyright Global Initiative for Inclusive Information and Communication Technologies, 2014 March 573 Reid B The Digital Millennium Copyright Act Is Even Worse Than You Think: It keeps ebooks, online video, and more inaccessible to people with disabilities Slate 2013 Mar 20; Sect Future Tense Available from: http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/future_tense/ 2013/03/dmca_copyright_reform_u_s_law_makes_digital_media_inaccessible.single.html 574 Bertlesman M The Fight for Accessible Formats: Technology as a Catalyst for a World Effort to Improve Accessibility Domestically Syr J Sci & Tech L 2012; 27(Fall): 26–54 575 Kramer EF Digital Rights Management: Pitfalls and Possibilities for People with Disabilities J Electronic Publishing 2007; 10(Winter) Available from: http://dx.doi org/10.3998/3336451.0010.106 576 Settlement Agreement Between The United States of America, Louisiana Tech University, and The Board Of Supervisors for The University of Louisiana System Under The Americans with Disabilities Act DJ #204-33-116 2013 Available from: http://www.ada gov/louisiana-tech.htm 577 Lazar J, Olalere A, Wentz B Investigating the Accessibility and Usability of Job Application Websites for Blind Users J Usability Studies 2012; 7(2): 68–87 578 Schartz H, Schartz K, Hendricks DJ, Blanck P Workplace Accommodations: Empirical Study of Current Employees Mississippi L J 2006; 75: 917–43 579 Burkhauser RV, Nicholas LH, Schmeiser MD The Importance of State AntiDiscrimination Laws on Employer Accommodation and the Movement of their Employees onto Social Security Disability Insurance U Michigan Retirement Res Center 2011; Working Paper: 2011-251 Available from: http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/ bitstream/2027.42/87957/1/wp251.pdf 580 Schartz H, Hendricks DJ, Blanck P Workplace Accommodations: Evidence-Based Outcomes Work 2006; 27: 345–54 581 Marti MW, Blanck P Attitudes, Behavior, and the ADA In: Blanck P, editor Employment, Disability, and the Americans with Disabilities Act: Issues in Law, Public Policy, and Research 2000 356–84 582 Tetlock P The Impact of Accountability on Judgment and Choice: Toward a Social Contingency Model Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 1992; 25: 331–76 free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com References 455 583 Sandler L, Blanck P Accessibility As A Corporate Article of Faith at Microsoft: Case Study of Corporate Culture and Human Resource Dimensions Behav Sci & Law 2005; 23(1): 39–64 584 Schein EH The corporate culture survival guide: Sense and nonsense about culture change San Francisco, Calif.: Jossey-Bass; 1999 xvii, 199 585 Wooten LP, James EH Challenges of Organizational Learning: Perpetuation of Discrimination Against Employees with Disabilities Behav Sci & Law 2005; 23: 123–41 586 Edelman LB Legal Ambiguity and Symbolic Structures: Organizational Mediation of Civil Rights Law The American Journal of Sociology 1992; 97(6): 1531–76 587 Zhang GD, McCrickard DS, Tanis S, Lewis C Designing a Mobile Survey Application for People with Cognitive Disabilities Proceedings of the Designing Interactive Systems Conference; Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom 2318083: ACM; 2012 588 Blanck P, Schartz H, Schartz K Labor Force Participation and Income of Individuals with Disabilities in Sheltered and Competitive Employment: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analyses of Seven States during the 1980s and 1990s William & Mary L Rev 2003; 44: 1029–118 589 Domin D, Butterworth J The Role of Community Rehabilitation Providers in Employment for Persons With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Results of the 2010–2011 National Survey Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 2013; 51(4): 215–25 590 Cimera RE Supported versus Sheltered Employment: Cumulative Costs, Hours Worked, and Wages Earned Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation 2011; 35(2): 85–92 591 Cimera RE, Wehman P, West M, Burgess S Do Sheltered Workshops Enhance Employment Outcomes for Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder? Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice 2012; 16(1): 87–94 592 Taylor JL, Hodapp RM Doing Nothing: Adults With Disabilities With No Daily Activities and Their Siblings American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 2012; 117(1): 67–79 593 Nakagawa J, Blanck P Future of Disability Law in Japan: Employment and Accommodation Loyola International & Comparative L Rev 2010; 33(1): 173–221 594 Gohin B, Vinod V, Rajkumar N Usability of Cloud SaaS based E-Governance for People with Disabilities, International Conference on EGovernance & Cloud computing Services Proceedings of International J Computer Applications 2012; EGov ’12 595 Technosite, Tech412, AbilityNet, NOVA eAccessibility Impacts: SMART 2009-0072 D7 Final Report EU, 2012 Available from: http://www.eaccessibility-impacts.eu/research Results.aspx 596 Halvorsen R Introduction to the Symposium: Digital Freedom and Disability-Lessons from Europe and the United States In: Waddington L, Quinn G, editors European Yearbook of Disability Law 2010 73–5 597 Halvorsen R Digital freedom for persons with disabilities: Are policies to enhance eAccessibility and e-Inclusion becoming more similar in the Nordic countries and the US? In: Waddington L, Quinn G, editors European Yearbook of Disability Law 2010 77–102 598 Myhill WN Law & Policy Challenges for Achieving an Accessible eSociety: Lessons from the United States In: Waddington L, Quinn G, editors European Yearbook of Disability Law 2010 103–29 599 Andre´s JD, Lorca P, Martı´nez AB Economic and Financial Factors for the Adoption and Visibility Effects of Web Accessibility: The Case of European Banks J Amer, Society Information Science & Technology 2010; 60(9): 1769–80 www.ebook777.com free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com 456 References 600 Prosperity4All Launch of Prosperity4All: Four Years One Huge Challenge Working together for a digitally inclusive world [Press Release] Stutgart: Prosperity4All; 2014 [updated February 28; cited 2014 February 28]; Available from: http://Prosperity4All.eu/ 601 Borsci S, Kurosu M, Mele ML, Federici S Systematic User Experience, in Assistive Technology Assessment Handbook In: Federici S, Scherer MJ, editors Assistive technology assessment handbook Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2012 602 Rekas A Tracking the Progress of the Proposed WIPO Treaty on Exceptions and Limitations to Copyright to Benefit Persons with Print Disabilities In: Waddington L, Quinn G, editors European Yearbook of Disability Law 2010 45–72 603 Sullivan J Study on Copyright Limitations and Exceptions for the Visually Impaired, for the WIPO Standing Committee on Copyright and Related Rights, Fifteenth Session, Geneva, Sept 11 604 Burzagli L, Como A, Gabbanini F Towards the convergence of web 2.0 and semantic web for e-inclusion In: Miesenberger K, Klaus J, Zagler W, Karshmer A, editors Proceeding ICCHP 2010, 12th international conference on Computers helping people with special needs: Part I 2010 343–50 605 Maier B How Has the Law Attempted to Tackle the Borderless Nature of the Internet? International Journal of Law and Information Technology 2010; 18(2): 142–75 606 Kanter AS The Presumption against Extraterritoriality as Applied to Disability Discrimination Laws: Where Does It Leave Students with Disabilities Studying Abroad Stan L & Pol’y Rev, 14, 291 2003 607 Poulson D, Nicolle C Making the Internet Accessible for People with Cognitive and Communication Impairments Univers Access Inf Soc 2004; 3(1): 48–56 608 Kennedy H, Evans S, Thomas S Can the Web Be Made Accessible for People with Intellectual Disabilities? The Information Society 2011; 27(1): 29–39 609 Best K, Butler S Disability and Communication: A Consideration of CrossDisability Communication and Technology Disability Studies Quarterly 2012; 32(4) 610 Blanck P Civil Rights, Learning Disability, and Academic Standards J Gender Race & Just 1998; 2: 33–58 611 McGuire JM, Madaus JW, Litt AV, Ramirez MO An Investigation of Documentation Submitted by University Students to Verify Their Learning Disabilities Journal of Learning Disabilities 1996; 29(3): 297–304 612 American Psychiatric Association., American Psychiatric Association Task Force on DSM-IV Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders DSM-IV Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994 613 Blanck P, Marti MW Genetic Discrimination and the Employment Provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act: Emerging Legal, Empirical, and Policy Implications Behav Sci & Law 1996; 14(4): 411–32 614 Westling J Rule of law: One university defeats disability extremists Wall Street Journal 1997 Sep 03 615 Orwall B ‘Blade Runner’ Oscar Pistorius Makes His Olympic Debut Wall Street Journal (Online) 2012 Aug 04 616 Quinn G, Flynn E Transatlantic borrowings: The Past and Future of EU NonDiscrimination Law and Policy on the Ground of Disability American Journal of Comparative Law 2012 60(1): 23–48 617 Giannoumis GA, Halvorsen R How Do Social Institutions Influence E-Accessibility Polices in the UK, US, and Norway? Working Draft 2012 free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com References 457 618 EDF Report: A Compilation of Resources on the E- and Web-Accessibility Internal Market European Disability Forum, 2012 Available from: http://cms.horus.be/files/99909/ MediaArchive/EdfReport_WebAccessibilityInternalMarket_FINAL.doc 619 Barnes B Disney, Struggling to Find Its Digital Footing, Overhauls Disney.com NY Times Oct 21 Available from: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/22/business/media/dis ney-struggling-to-find-its-digital-footing-overhauls-disneycom.html 620 Barnes B At Disney Parks, A Bracelet Meant to Build Loyalty (and Sales) NY Times 2013 Jan Available from: http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/07/business/media/at-dis ney-parks-a-bracelet-meant-to-build-loyalty-and-sales.html?_r=0 621 WellPoint Announces Accessibility Initiative Indianapolis: WellPoint; 2014 [updated February 12; cited 2014 February 18]; Available from: http://lflegal.com/2014/02/well point-press/#release 622 Gajos KZ, Weld DS, Wobbrock JO Automatically generating personalized user interfaces with Supple Artif Intell 2010; 174(12–13): 910–50 623 Hurst A, Gajos K, Findlater L, Wobbrock J, Sears A, Trewin S Dynamic accessibility: Accommodating differences in ability and situation CHI ’11 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems; Vancouver, BC, Canada 1979589: ACM; 2011 41–4 624 Lopes R, Gomes D, Carrico L Web not for all: A large scale study of web accessibility Proceedings of the 2010 International Cross Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A); Raleigh, North Carolina 1806001: ACM; 2010 1–4 625 Hertzum M, Clemmensen T, Hornbæk K, Kumar J, Shi Q, Yammiyavar P Personal Usability Constructs: How People Construe Usability across Nationalities and Stakeholder Groups International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 2011; 27 (8): 729–61 626 Hornbaek K Dogmas in the Assessment of Usability Evaluation Methods Behav Inf Technol 2010; 29(1): 97–111 627 Skov M, Stage J Training Software Developers and Designers to Conduct Usability Evaluations Behav Inf Technol 2012; 31(4): 425–35 628 H K The successful self-regulation of web designers Ephemera: Theory and politics in organisation 2010; 10 629 Kennedy H Net work: Ethics and values in web design New York: Palgrave Macmillan; 2012 x, 244 630 Klein D, Schmeling J, Blanck P Emerging Technologies and Corporate Culture at Microsoft: A Methodological Note Behav Sci & Law 2005; 23(1): 65–96 631 Huang Z, Cappel JJ A Comparative Study of Web Site Usability Practices of Fortune 500 Versus INC 500 Companies Information Systems Management 2012; 29(2): 112–22 632 Haynes L, Service O, Goldacre B, Torgerson D Test, Learn, Adapt: Developing Public Policy with Randomised Controlled Trials 2012 Available from: http://ssrn com/abstract=2131581 633 Bodine C, Scherer M Technology for improving cognitive function A Workshop sponsored by the U.S Interagency Committee on Disability Research (ICDR): Reports from Working Groups Disability and Rehabilitation 2006; 28(24): 1567–71 634 DiMaggio P, Bonikowski B Make Money Surfing the Web? The Impact of Internet Use on the Earnings of U.S Workers Amer Sociological Rev 2008; 73: 227–50 635 Krebs I, Nethe A, Raitoharju R Accessibility in the web for Disabled People In: al NWe, editor Critical Issues for the Development of Sustainable E-health Solutions, Healthcare Delivery in the Information Age 2012 www.ebook777.com free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com 458 References 636 Grantham J, Grantham E, Powers D Website accessibility: An Australian view Proceedings of the Thirteenth Australasian User Interface Conference - Volume 126; Melbourne, Australia 2512129: Australian Computer Society, Inc.; 2012 21–8 637 Thompson DR, Wassmuth BL Accessibility of Online Advertising: A Content Analysis of Alternative Text for Banner Ad Images in Online Newspapers Disability Studies Quarterly 2001; 21(2) Available from: http://dsq-sds.org/article/view/281/311 638 Kaufman-Scarborough C Accessible advertising for visually-disabled persons: The case of color-deficient consumers The Journal of Consumer Marketing 2001; 18(4/5): 303–18 639 Shilton K Participatory personal data: An emerging research challenge for the information sciences J Am Soc Inf Sci Technol 2012; 63(10): 1905–15 640 Beach S, Schulz R, Downs J, Matthews J, Barron B, Seelman K Disability, Age, and Informational Privacy Attitudes in Quality of Life Technology Applications: Results from a National Web Survey ACM Trans Access Comput 2009; 2(1): 1–21 641 Wehmeyer ML, Shogren KA Establishing the Field of Applied Cognitive Technology Inclusion 2014; 1(2): 91–4 642 Pew Research Center The Web at 25 in the U.S.: Pew Research; 2014 [updated February 27, 2014; cited 2014 March 8]; Available from: http://www.pewinternet.org/2014/02/27/ the-web-at-25-in-the-u-s/ 643 Agarwal R, Venkatesh V Assessing a Firm’s Web Presence: A Heuristic Evaluation Procedure for the Measurement of Usability Info Sys Research 2002; 13(2): 168–86 644 della Cava M Beyond a gadget: Google Glass is a boon to disabled USA Today 2013 October 23 Available from: http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2013/10/22/google-glass -aids-disabled/3006827/ 645 Cerf VG “It’s the Net, Stupid” IEEE Internet Computing 2012; 16(3): 96 646 Melonis MG, Mihailidis A, Keyfitz R, Grzes M, Hoey J, Bodine C Empowering Adults With a Cognitive Disability through Inclusion of Non-Linear Context Aware Prompting Technology (N-CAPS) RESNA Annual Conference 2012 647 Tran T, Herzig DM, Ladwig G SemSearchPro – Using semantics throughout the search process Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web 2011; 9(4): 349–64 648 Almeida LDA, Cec M, #237, Baranauskas lC Accessibility in rich internet applications: People and research Proceedings of the 11th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems; Cuiaba, Brazil 2393538: Brazilian Computer Society; 2012 3–12 649 Obrenovic´ Zˇ Web accessibility and open source software Disability & Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology 2009; 4(4): 227–35 650 Barney EL Designing Websites for Universal Usability 2011 [updated Nov 17; cited 2014 Mar 22]; Available from: http://elbarney.com/accessibility/PDF/universal%20usability.pdf 651 Anthes G HTML5 leads a web revolution Commun ACM 2012; 55(7): 16–7 652 Hein R Reasons to Gear Up For HTML5 Now CIO 2012 June 13 Available from: http://www.cio.com/article/708362/8_Reasons_to_Gear_Up_For_HTML5_Now? page=5&taxonomyId=3044 653 Yoon J-o, Kim M The Effects of Captions on Deaf Students’ Content Comprehension, Cognitive Load, and Motivation in Online Learning American Annals of the Deaf 2011; 156(3): 283–9 654 IBM Standardizing on EPUB to reduce digital barriers and increase mobile support IBM; 2014 [updated February 13; cited 2014 February 18] 655 Watanobe Y, Mirenkov N, Watanabe Y AIDA compiler: A code synthesizer from programs in pictures Proceedings of the 2012 Joint International Conference on Human- free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com References 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 459 Centered Computer Environments; Aizu-Wakamatsu and Hamamatsu and Duesseldorf, Japan and Germany 2160767: ACM; 2012 76–83 Samsonovich AV On a roadmap for the BICA Challenge Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures 2012; 1: 100–7 Ma X, Fellbaum C, Cook P Semantic labeling of nonspeech audio clips EURASIP J Audio Speech Music Process 2010; 2010: 1–9 Ma X, Boyd-Graber J, Nikolova S, Cook PR Speaking through pictures: Images vs icons Proceedings of the 11th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility; Pittsburgh, PA 1639672: ACM; 2009 163–70 Mankoff J, Hayes GR, Kasnitz D Disability studies as a source of critical inquiry for the field of assistive technology Proceedings of the 12th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility; Orlando, Florida, USA 1878807: ACM; 2010 3–10 Rosenthal R Meta-Analytic Procedures for Social Science Research Sage Publications: Beverly Hills, 1984, 148 pp Rosenthal R, Blanck P Science and ethics in conducting, analyzing, and reporting social science research: Implications for social scientists, judges, and lawyers Ind L J 1993; 68(4): 1209–28 Wehmeyer M, Palmer S, Smith S, Davies D, Steven Stock The efficacy of technology use by people with ID: A single-subject design meta-analysis J Special Education Technology 2008; 23(3): 21–30 Kagohara DM, van der Meer L, Ramdoss S, O’Reilly MF, Lancioni GE, Davis TN, et al Using iPods and iPads in teaching programs for individuals with developmental disabilities: A systematic review Research in Developmental Disabilities 2013; 34(1): 147–56 Bargas-Avila J, Hornb K, #230 Foci and blind spots in user experience research Interactions 2012; 19(6): 24–7 Ahmed F, Borodin Y, Puzis Y, Ramakrishnan IV Why read if you can skim: Towards enabling faster screen reading Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility; Lyon, France 2207052: ACM; 2012 p 1–10 Lisa Schur MA Disability and Occupational Projections Monthly Labor Rev Online 2010; 133(10) Available from: http://www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.t06.htm Karr-Wisniewski P, Lu Y When more is too much: Operationalizing technology overload and exploring its impact on knowledge worker productivity Comput Hum Behav 2010; 26(5): 1061–72 Treviranus J You say tomato, I say tomato, let’s not call the whole thing off: The challenge of user experience design in distributed learning environments On the Horizon 2009; 17(3): 208–17 Available from: http://mfeldstein.com/you-say-tomato-i-saytomato-let%E2%80%99s-not-call-the-whole-thing-off-the-challenge-of-user-experience -design-in-distributed-learning-environments/ Heil G, Parker T, Stephens DC One size fits one Hardware Merchandising 1999; 111(4): 13 Novet J The web isn’t one-size-fits-all anymore, so the as-a-service world just keeps on growing Gigacom; 2013 [updated May 31; cited 2014 Mar 22]; Available from: http:// gigaom.com/2013/05/31/the-web-isnt-one-size-fits-all-anymore-so-the-as-a-service-world -just-keeps-on-growing/ WebAim Design Considerations: One Size Fits All?: WebAim; [cited 2014 Mar 22]; Available from: http://webaim.org/articles/design/ One Size Fits One: Tailoring Technology to Consumer Needs (June 6, 2013) Knowledge@Wharton 2005 Available from: http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article cfm?articleid=1178 www.ebook777.com free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com 460 References 673 Liotta G, DiGiacomo E, Magni R, Corradi F Web Solutions for Rehabilitation and Daily Life In: Federici S, Scherer MJ, editors Assistive technology assessment handbook Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2012 674 Picking R, Robinet A, McGinn J, Grout V, Casas R, Rub, et al The Easyline+ project: Evaluation of a user interface developed to enhance independent living of elderly and disabled people Univers Access Inf Soc 2012; 11(2): 99–112 675 Guadagno RE, Muscanell NL, Pollio DE The homeless use Facebook?! Similarities of social network use between college students and homeless young adults Comput Hum Behav 2013; 29(1): 86–9 676 Commission E Concertation Meeting on Future Research Agendas for E-Accessibility, EU Information Society and Media Directorate-General ICT addressing Societal Challenges ICT for Inclusion Report ICT for Inclusion 2012; Brussels 677 Zisimopoulos D, Sigafoos J, Koutromanos G Using video prompting and constant time delay to teach an Internet search basic skill to students with intellectual disabilities Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities 2011; 46(2): 238–50 678 Greaves M, Mika P Editorial: Semantic Web and Web 2.0 Web Semant 2008; 6(1): 1–3 679 Nevile L, Kelly B Web Accessibility 3.0: Learning From The Past, Planning For The Future Accessible Design in the Digital World Conference Proceedings 2008; The University of York Available from: http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/papers/addw08/ paper-2/ 680 Kro´lak A, Strumio P Eye-blink detection system for human-computer interaction Universal Access in the Information Society 2012; 11(4): 409–19 681 Anson D email to Blanck P, Anson Memo (Mar 20) 2013 682 Doush IA, Alkhateeb F, Maghayreh EA, Al-Betar MA The design of RIA accessibility evaluation tool Adv Eng Softw 2013; 57: 1–7 683 CIOL Bureau Actuate corp receives patent for PDF Accessibility Solution 2014 684 Hullman J, Diakopoulos N, Adar E Contextifier: Automatic generation of annotated stock visualizations Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems; Paris, France 2481374: ACM; 2013 2707–16 685 Kandogan E Just-in-time annotation of clusters, outliers, and trends in point-based data visualizations Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST) 2478282: IEEE Computer Society; 2012 73–82 686 Polleres A, Huynh D Editorial: Special issue: The Web of Data Web Semant 2009; 7(3): 135 687 Ankolekar A, Kr M, #246, tzsch, Tran T, Vrande D, et al The two cultures: Mashing up Web 2.0 and the Semantic Web Web Semant 2008; 6(1): 70–5 688 Longmore PK Disability policy and politics: Considering consumer influences Journal of Disability Policy Studies 2000; 11(1): 36–44 689 Macdonald SJ, Clayton J Back to the future, disability and the digital divide Disability and Society 2013; 28(5): 702–18 690 Sullivan T, Matson R Barriers to use: Usability and content accessibility on the Web’s most popular sites Proceedings on the 2000 conference on Universal Usability; Arlington, Virginia, USA 355549: ACM; 2000 139–44 691 Weber M The business case for corporate social responsibility: A company-level measurement approach for CSR European Management Journal 2008; 26(4): 247–61 692 Peter Linkow P Barrington, L, Bruyere, S Figueroa, I & Wright M Leveling the Playing Field: Attracting, Engaging, and Advancing People with Disabilities The Conference Board, Research Report, 2013 Feb R-1510-12-RR Available from: http://digitalcommons ilr.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1292&context=edicollect free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com References 461 693 Frank J Web Accessibility for the Blind: Corporate Social Responsibility or Litigation Avoidance? Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 41st Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences 1334829: IEEE Computer Society; 2008 284 Available from: http://www.computer.org/comp/proceedings/hicss/2008/3075/00/30750284.pdf 694 Loiacono ET, Nicholas C Romano J, McCoy S The State of Corporate Website Accessibility Commun ACM 2009; 52(9): 128–32 695 Loiacono ET, Djamasbi S Corporate Website Accessibility: Does Legislation Matter? Universal Access in the Information Society 2013; 12(1): 115–24 696 Ball P, Blanck P, Monaco G, Schartz H, Schmeling J Disability as Diversity in Fortune 100 Companies Behav Sci & Law 2005; 23(1): 97–121 697 Bambauer JY Is Data Speech? Arizona Legal Studies Discussion Paper No 13-19 2014; 66 Available from: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2231821 698 Fogg NP, Harrington PE, McMahon BT The Impact of the Great Recession Upon the Unemployment of Americans with Disabilities J Vocational Rehabilitation 2010; 33: 193–202 699 Silverstein R The Emerging Disability Policy Framework: A Guide for Developing Public Policy for Persons with Disabilities Iowa L Rev 1999; 85: 1691–796 700 Respecting the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Testimony of Dick Thornburgh before the Foreign Relations Committee of the U.S Senate Hearing (July 12, 2012) Available from: http://www.foreign.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Dick_Thornburgh _Testimony.pdf 701 Waterstone ME, Stein MA, Wilkins DB Disability Cause Lawyers William & Mary L Rev 2012; 53: 1287–359 702 Barnes J, Burke TF The Diffusion of Rights: From Law on the Books to Organizational Rights Practices Law & Society Rev 2006; 40(3): 493–524 703 Barnes J, Burke TF Making Way: Legal Mobilization, Organizational Response, and Wheelchair Access Law & Society Rev 2012; 46(1): 167–78 704 Commission FT Mobile Apps for Kids: Disclosures Still Not Making the Grade 2012 Dec Available from: http://www.ftc.gov/reports/mobile-apps-kids-disclosures-still-notmaking-grade 705 Berners-Lee T On the 25th anniversary of the web, let’s keep it free and open Google Official Blog: Google; 2014 p Guest post Available from: http://googleblog.blogspot.ca/ 2014/03/on-25th-anniversary-of-web-lets-keep-it.html 706 Kraemer J, Wiewiorra L, Weinhardt C Net Neutrality: A Progress Report Telecommunications Policy 2013; 37(9): 794–813 707 Levine P Can the Internet rescue democracy?: Toward an on-line commons In: R Hayduk KM, editor Democracy’s moment: Reforming the American political system for the 21st century 2002 121–37 708 Stienstra D Engaging Citizens with Disabilities in eDemocracy Disability Studies Quarterly 2005; 25(2) Available from: http://dsq-sds.org/article/view/550/727/ 709 Wyatt E Rebuffing F.C.C in ‘Net Neutrality’ Case, Court Allows Streaming Deals NY Times 2014 January 14; Sect Technology Available from: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/ 01/15/technology/appeals-court-rejects-fcc-rules-on-internet-service-providers.html?_r=0 710 Benkler Y Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom Contract: Freedom in the Commons New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; 2006 711 Blanck P, Ritchie H, Schmeling J, Klein D Technology for Independence: A Community-Based Resource Center Behav Sci & Law 2003; 21: 51–62 712 Berven HM, Blanck PD Assistive technology patenting trends and the Americans with Disabilities Act Behav Sci & Law 1999 17(1): 47–71 www.ebook777.com free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com 462 References 713 Schur L, Adya M Sidelined or Mainstreamed?: Political Participation and Attitudes of People with Disabilities in the United States Social Science Quarterly 2012; 94(3); 811–39 714 Coleman Institute for Cognitive Disabilities, editor The Rights of People with Cognitive Disabilities to Technology and Information Access Thirteenth Annual Coleman Institute National Conference on Cognitive Disability and Technology; 2013 October 2, 2013; Broomfield, Colorado 715 Coleman Institute for Cognitive Disabilities Declaration Passed Unanimously 2014 [cited 2014 March 14]; Available from: http://colemaninstitute.org/institute-news-cate gory-list/238-the-colorado-legislature-made-history-today-march-13-2014 716 Diemand-Yauman C, Oppenheimer DM, Erikka B Vaughan Fortune Favors the Bold (and the Italicized): Effects of disfluency on educational outcomes Cognition 2011;118(1):111–5 717 Blanck, P The struggle for web eQuality by persons with cognitive disabilities Behav Sci & Law 2014; 32(1), 4–32 718 Chadwick D, Wesson C, & Fullwood C Internet access by people with intellectual disabilities: Inequalities and opportunities Future Internet 2013; ; 5(3): 376–97 719 Ritchie H & Blanck P The promise of the Internet for disability: A study of on-line services and web site accessibility at Centers for Independent Living Behav Sci & Law 2003; 21(1): 5–26 720 Tully S A Human Right to Access the Internet? Problems and Prospects Human Rights L Rev 2014; 0, 1–21; doi: 10.1093/hrlr/ngu011ngu011 (last visited May 20, 2014) 721 Epstein R The Handicaps of the Disabilities Act Defining Ideas 2012 Available from: http://www.hoover.org/publications/defining-ideas/article/115346 free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Index Access Now v Southwest Airlines, 82–83 Access Now v Southwest Airlines, 261 AccessforAll, 164 accessibility, 45 accessibility, 47 accommodation, 48 accommodation, 65 accommodation modification, 64–67 accommodation content, 115 accommodation gaming, 132 accommodation standards compliance, 146–150 ADA cases, 30 ADA, 35 ADA disability, 36–37 ADA cases, 36–37 ADA free speech, 43–44 ADA cases, 52–54 ADA, 60 ADA cases, 66 ADA cases, 216 ADA, 216 ADA title I, 60, 71 ADA title I, 197 ADA title I, 201 ADA title I, 202 ADA title II, 37 ADA title II, 54 ADA title II, 60 ADA title II, 197 ADA title II, 205 ADA title III, 52 ADA title III, 61 ADA title III liability, 63 ADA title III cases, 63–71 ADA title III threshold requirements, 68 ADA title III cases, 83 ADA title III cases, 131–134 ADAAA see ADA ADAAG, 48 advanced communications services, 74–76 Alexander v Choate, 14 Alexander v Choate, 261 Americans With Disabilities Act see ADA Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines see ADAAG Americans With Disabilities Act Amendments Act see ADA Anti-SLAPP, 106–112 Archut v Ross University, 215–216 Archut v Ross University, 261 Argenyi v Creighton University, 54 Argenyi v Creighton University, 261 Arizona v Harkins, 64 463 www.ebook777.com free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com 464 Arizona v Harkins, 88 Arizona v Harkins, 262 Association for Information Media and Equipment v Regents of University of California, 195 Association for Information Media and Equipment v Regents of University of California, 262 audio descriptions, 64 Authors Guild v HathiTrust, 190–194 Authors Guild v HathiTrust, 212–213 Authors Guild v HathiTrust, 244 Authors Guild v HathiTrust, 247 Authors Guild v HathiTrust, 262 auxiliary services, 64 Baughman v Disney, 64 Baughman v Disney, 132 Baughman v Disney, 262 biometrics, 179 Botosan v Paul McNally Realty, 68 Botosan v Paul McNally Realty, 262 Bragdon v Abbott, 36 Bragdon v Abbott, 262 Brown v Board of Education, 31 Brown v Board of Education, 262 captions, 64 captions online, 106–114 captions online, 117–123 captions copyright, 123 Carparts v Automotive Wholesalers Ass’n, 83 Carparts v Automotive Wholesalers Ass’n, 86 Carparts v Automotive Wholesalers Ass’n, 118 Carparts v Automotive Wholesalers Ass’n, 120 Carparts v Automotive Wholesalers Ass’n, 121 Carparts v Automotive Wholesalers Ass’n, 262 Center for Independent Living (CIL) v Wal-Mart, 126 Center for Independent Living (CIL) v Wal-Mart, 262 Chafee Amendment, 191–193 Chapman v Pier Imports, 102–104 Chapman v Pier Imports, 125 Chapman v Pier Imports, 262 City of Cleburne v Cleburne Living Center, 149, 152 City of Cleburne v Cleburne Living Center, 263 class actions Target, 90–95 Index class actions Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, 92 class actions Hollister, 95–98 class actions, 105–129 class actions CNN, 105–114 class actions Netflix, 117–124 class actions Redbox, 124–126 class actions certification, 134–136, 137 class actions Wal-Mart, 137 class actions Jamie S., 138 class actions certification, 139 class actions Gray, 140–141 class actions certification, 141 class actions certification, 142–143 class actions Disney, 142–145 class actions Guckenberger, 218 cloud computing, 183–185 cognitive disability definition, 27–28 cognitive disability demographics, 40 cognitive disability web use, 157 cognitive disability access standards, 158 cognitive load, 25 cognitive load extraneous, 26 cognitive load intrinsic, 26 Colorado Cross-Disability Coalition (CCDC) v Hollister, 95–98 Colorado Cross-Disability Coalition (CCDC) v Hollister, 263 Colorado Cross-Disability Coalition (CCDC) v Hollister see Hollister Communications and Video Accessibility Act see CVAA Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities see CRPD free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Index copyright cases, 190 copyright DMCA, 195–196 copyright Marrakesh Treaty, 207 CRPD, 207 CSS 3, 229 Cullen v Netflix, 73 Cullen v Netflix, 263 CVAA, 74 CVAA title I, 74 CVAA title II, 74 CVAA, 108 CVAA and ADA, 119–122 Declaration of the Rights of People with Cognitive Disabilities to Technology and Information Access, 248 Digital Millennium Copyright Act see copyright; DMCA digital rights management see copyright; DMCA Disability Discrimination Act, 208 Disabled Persons Act see state law; California Doe v Mutual of Omaha, 87–88 Doe v Mutual of Omaha, 263 Doukas v Metropolitan Life, 263 Earll v eBay, 263 education, 194–197 EEOC v ITT Educational Services, 201–202 EEOC v ITT Educational Services, 263 employment hiring, 197–202 employment advancement, 202–203 employment equality, 203–204 employment advancement, 204 employment integration, 205–206 employment Olmstead, 205 Enyart v National Conference of Bar Examiners, 52–55 Enyart v National Conference of Bar Examiners, 86–87, 89, 90 465 Enyart v National Conference of Bar Examiners, 263 fair use see Chafee Amendment Faraj v Marriott, 202–203 Faraj v Marriott, 263 FCC, 75–77 FCC, 108–119 Federal Communications Commission see FCC Federal Disabled Equalization Law, 208 Fraley v Facebook, 161–166 Fraley v Facebook, 264 GLAD v Time Warner (CNN), 76 GLAD v Time Warner (CNN), 105–114 GLAD v Time Warner (CNN), 264 Global Public Inclusive Infrastructure see GPII GPII, 57 GPII, 176–177 Gray v GGNRA, 139–142 Gray v GGNRA, 264 Guckenberger v Boston University, 218–219 Guckenberger v Boston University, 264 Hollister, 38 Hollister, 40 Hollister, 170 Hollister see Colorado Cross-Disability Coalition (CCDC) v Hollister Houston v Marod, 264 IDEA, 138 IDEA, 187 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act see IDEA Integration Mandate see ADA title II International Organisation for Standardization see ISO interoperability, 22 ISO, 163 Jamie S v Milwaukee Public Schools, 138 Jamie S v Milwaukee Public Schools, 264 Jankey v Lee, 72 Jankey v Lee, 264 Jodhan v Canada, 209 Jodhan v Canada, 264 Johnson v Apple, 108 Johnson v Apple, 264 Jones v National Conference of Bar Examiners, 90 Jones v National Conference of Bar Examiners, 264 www.ebook777.com free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com 466 Index Lane et al v Kitzhaber, 265 Leiterman v Napolitano, 203–204 Leiterman v Napolitano, 265 Levitt v Yelp, 161 Levitt v Yelp, 265 Lighthouse for the Blind and Visually Impaired v Redbox, 124–125 Lighthouse for the Blind and Visually Impaired v Redbox, 265 Littleton v Wal-Mart Stores, 36 Littleton v Wal-Mart Stores, 265 Maguire v Sydney Organising Committee for Olympic Games (SOCOG), 208–209 Maguire v Sydney Organising Committee for Olympic Games (SOCOG), 265 Mandate 376, 208 Marrakesh Treaty, 211–214 Marrakesh Treaty see copyright Massively Open Online Courses see MOOC Modification see accommodation MOOC, 188–190 MOOC, 206 Motion Picture Ass’n v FCC, 115–116 Motion Picture Ass’n v FCC, 185 Motion Picture Ass’n v FCC, 265 National Association of the Deaf (NAD) v Netflix, 117–124 National Association of the Deaf (NAD) v Netflix, 265 National Federation of the Blind (NFB) v Target, 63 National Federation of the Blind (NFB) v Target, 265 Olmstead Integration Mandate see ADA title II Olmstead v L.C., 31–32 Olmstead v L.C., 37 Olmstead v L.C., 205–206 Olmstead v L.C., 265 Parker v Metropolitan Life, 83 Parker v Metropolitan Life, 266 personalization see web content; personalization PGA v Martin, 89 PGA v Martin, 134–136 PGA v Martin, 219 PGA v Martin, 266 Pickern v Holiday Quality Food, 69 Pickern v Holiday Quality Food, 266 place of business see public accommodation public accommodation definition, 59 public accommodation definition, 60 public accommodation web site, 63 public accommodation, 82 public accommodation online services, 146 Raising the Floor, 184 reasonable accommodation see accommodation Rehabilitation Act, 11 Rehabilitation Act, 35 Rehabilitation Act, 54 Rehabilitation Act, 163 Rehabilitation Act, 200 Rendon v Valleycrest, 84 Rendon v Valleycrest, 266 RtF, 176 RtF see Raising the Floor Scherr v Marriott, 70 Scherr v Marriott, 266 semantic web, 19–20 semantic web, 21–22 social media, 98 Specter v Norwegian Cruise Line, 215 Specter v Norwegian Cruise Line, 266 state law California, 71–74 Stern v Sony, 130 Stern v Sony, 131–136 Stern v Sony, 266 Tecza v University of San Francisco, 216 Tecza v University of San Francisco, 266 title III see ADA title III U.S Department of Justice, 145 U.S Department of Justice, 187 universal design, 26 Unruh Act see state law; California usability, 45 usability, 47 video clips, 76 video clips, 106 video clips, 108 Video clips see GLAD v Time Warner (CNN) video description, 115–116 W3C see World Wide Web Consortium WAI, 149, 152 free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Index WAI, 165 WAI see WCAG Wal-Mart v Dukes, 137–150 Wal-Mart v Dukes, 266 Washington Law Against Discrimination, 63 Washington State Communication Access Project v Regal Cinemas, 63 Washington State Communication Access Project v Regal Cinemas, 266 WCAG, 148–149 WCAG, 163 WCAG, 165–174 WCAG, 167 WCAG principles Perceivable, 168–170 WCAG principles Operable, 170–171 WCAG principles understandable, 171–172 WCAG principles robust, 172 Web Accessibility Initiative see WAI web content, 18 web content user-based content, 18 web content semantic content, 19 web content personalization, 22 467 web content user-based content, 149 web content user-based content, 161–162 web content customization see web content; personalization Web Content Accessibility Guidelines see WCAG web content eQuality equivalent or comparable enjoyment, 16 web content eQuality definition, 17 web content eQuality, 29 web content eQuality, 30 web content eQuality definition, 38 web content eQuality definition, 42–43 web content eQuality, 52 web content eQuality cognitive disabilities, 162 web content eQuality standards, 163–172 web equality see web content eQuality Wilson v Pier Imports, 267 WIPO see Marrakesh Treaty World Wide Web Consortium, 35 Young v Facebook, 99–102 Young v Facebook, 267 www.ebook777.com free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com ... people with cognitive disabilities 153 Web Content Equality and Cognitive Disabilities 157 Overview Using the Web with Cognitive Disabilities Web Content Equality and User Privacy Web Standards, Web. .. Introduction: The Struggle for Web Equality Overview Disability Rights Agreements and Precedents Global Context The Lived Struggle Web Content Equality Web Content Ecosystem of the Web The Semantic Web. .. about the lived struggle for disability rights, with a focus on web equality for people with cognitive disabilities, such as those with intellectual disabilities, autism, and print-related disabilities