The lecture provides definitions, types and examples of social welfare as well as what industrial policy brings . It also gives an overview of economic growth through the definition, measures, differentiation of GDP and GNP.
SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY Definition of WELFARE • consists of actions or procedures — especially on the part of governments and institutions — striving to promote the basic well-being of individuals in need such as: ▫ strive to improve the financial situation of people in need ▫ strive to improve their employment chances and many other aspects of their lives including sometimes their mental health SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY • Seeks to protect and directly improve people’s standard of living • The policies that government uses for welfare and social protection • Emphasizes individual responsibility and biases the role of the state towards promotion of equality & the provision of services targeted on specific lower income or disadvantaged groups SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY It includes: 1.Old Age Programmes ( e.g Pensions) 2.Unemployment 3.Sickness/Disability 4.Social Assistance/Poverty Alleviation 5.Health/Medical Care 6.Environmental Policy SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY Two (2) Types of Benefits 1.Universality ▫ benefits and services available to everyone as a right (old people/children) 2.Selectivity ▫ benefits and services are reserved for people in need The social security system provides a safety net for those on LOW INCOMES It has the effect of redressing some of the inequalities in society as a whole SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY Two (2) Types of Social Security 1.Contributory benefits ▫ Benefits that an individual has paid for which are compulsary deductions Examples: ▫ Retirement pensions ▫ Incapacity benefit ▫ Maternity allowance ▫ Jobseeker’s allowance SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY Social Security Non-contributory benefits ▫ Benefits available regardless of whether or not the claimant has made contributions Examples: ▫ Child tax credit & working tax credit ▫ Housing benefit ▫ Council tax benefit ▫ Social fund ▫ Child benefit & or Guardian’s allowance ▫ Attendance allowance or Disability living allowance ▫ Invalid care allowance ▫ Industrial injuries disablement benefit VIET NAM http://www.unicef.org/vietnam/activities.html • Health and Nutrition Despite the impressive results in health and nutrition, Viet Nam faces many challenges, including disparity in access to health care services, high rate of child malnutrition and increasing number of pregnant women and children infected by HIV/AIDS • Childhood injury prevention With nearly 27,000 children dying each year in Viet Nam or about 74 children every day due to injuries (VMIS – 2001), an urgent response is required. • Water, environment and sanitation Only 18 per cent of these existing latrines are hygienic by national standards, indicating the slow progress made thus far, and also stressing the need for accelerated efforts for achieving the related Viet Nam Development Goal and MDG targets • Basic Education and Gender Equality Children living in remote or disadvantaged areas, ethnic minority children, especially girls, children affected by HIV and AIDS, and children with disabilities are those who often missed out education opportunities VIET NAM http://www.unicef.org/vietnam/activities.html • Child protection Child protection concerns are increasing in Viet Nam More than 2.6 million children in Viet Nam are reported to be in need of special protection • Provincial child friendly programme UNICEF plans to support the government to influence sub-national Socio-Economic Development Plans (SEDPs) in order to ensure that they address women and children’s issues • Avian influenza (AI) UNICEF, as part of the Joint Government - UN Programme to Fight Avian Influenza (AI), is the coordinating agency for the avian influenza public awareness and behavior change communication campaign • Planning and Social Policy Viet Nam is one of the fastest developing countries in the world Making sure that Viet Nam’s progress benefits all children presents a serious challenge to the Government and its development partners INDUSTRIAL POLICY INDUSTRIAL POLICY Allows government: • To take an active role to support investment • To encourage a faster rate of economic growth in industry • To stop the decline of the manufacturing sector INDUSTRIAL POLICY Government industrial policy might either hamper or promote the growth of new industries Restraining growth Encouraging an emerging industry Government policy might make it difficult for new firms to gain entry into an industry or market by: Placing restriction on foreign firms Putting tariffs on the goods of overseas suppliers Subsidising domestic firms that are already in the industry Imposing product standards requiring a particular level of safety INDUSTRIAL POLICY Government may also seek to encourage or discourage new products New products esp in the pharmaceuticals industries must undergo stringent testing & obtain government approval before they can be marketed The food industry is subject to strict controls on products & manufacturing processes Government can influence the degree and nature of competition within an industry The government can bring considerable pressure to bear on competition within an industry INDUSTRIAL POLICY Government policy can affect the position of products in one industry with respect to the position of substitute products Government can put restrictions on global competition, it can encourage it too, by removing the restrictions and regulations INDUSTRIAL COMPETITIVENESS POLICY • Investment in physical and human capital • Reduction in non-wage employment costs • Support for small and medium sized enterprise • Promotion of R & D and innovation • Improvements to infrastructure • Reinforcing the laws on copyright and patents INDUSTRIAL COMPETITIVENESS POLICY INITIATIVES: • Investment in physical and human capital • Reduction in non-wage employment costs • Support for small and medium sized enterprise • Promotion of R & D and innovation • Improvements to infrastructure • Reinforcing the laws on copyright and patents PRIVATISATION • The process of converting or "selling off" government-owned assets, properties, or production activities to private ownership After several decades of increasing government control over productive activities, privatization came into vogue in the 1980s, along with business deregulation and an overall movement toward greater use of markets SOME IMPACT OF PRIVATISATION: 1.Raise new revenue for the state 2.Promote economic efficiency 3.Reduce government interference in the economy 4.Promote wider share-ownership 5.Provide the opportunity to introduce competition 6.Develop the nation’s capital market Privatisation Process Flow (An Example) ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC GROWTH • Economic growth is measured by increases in any of the following: a.Total expenditure in the economy b.Total income for individuals and companies in the economy c Total output in the economy ECONOMIC GROWTH • Measures ▫ Gross domestic product (GDP) GDP = consumption + investment + (government spending) + (exports − imports) ▫ Gross national product (GNP) GNP = GDP + NR (Net income from assets abroad (Net Income Receipts)) ▫ Total national expenditure E = C + I + G + (X - M) where ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ E is total national expenditure C is total domestic consumption I is tout industrial investment is total government spending X is total exports M is total imports Q: What is the difference between GDP and GNP? A: GDP is the market value of everything produced within a country It is the total market value of goods and services produced within the borders of a country, regardless of the nationality of those who produce them GNP is the value of what's produced by a country's residents, no matter where they live It is the total market value of goods and services produced by the residents of a country, even if they’re living abroad USEFUL Sites for Task 2B http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/browse?type=lcsubc&key=Vietnam%20 %20Social %20policy http://www.unicef.org/vietnam/planning_policy.html http://fesvietnam.org/index.php?Itemid=32&id=23&option=com_content&task=view http://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/progdesc/ssptw/2004-2005/asia/vietnam.html http://74.125.153.132/search? q=cache:gb8K9YIPjAwJ:https://www.appam.org/conferences/international/singapore2009/sessions/dow nloads/1441.doc+vietnam+social+security&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk http://www.evd.nl/zoeken/showbouwsteen.asp?bstnum=248849&location= http://english.vovnews.vn/Home/Social-security-system-to-be-more-flexible/20096/104880.vov http://www.vdf.org.vn/books.html#ipf http://english.vovnews.vn/Home/Vietnam-builds-industrialisation-strategy-until-2020/20083/18483.vov AND A LOT MORE! I hope you’ve been entertained with the videos and most importantly, I hope you have learned something Thank you for listening ... manufacturing sector INDUSTRIAL POLICY Government industrial policy might either hamper or promote the growth of new industries Restraining growth Encouraging an emerging industry Government policy might... 2.6 million children in Viet Nam are reported to be in need of special protection INDUSTRIAL POLICY INDUSTRIAL POLICY Allows government: • To take an active role to support investment • To encourage... SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY It includes: 1.Old Age Programmes ( e.g Pensions) 2.Unemployment 3.Sickness/Disability 4.Social Assistance/Poverty Alleviation 5.Health/Medical Care 6.Environmental Policy