HANDBOOKFOR MARINE RADIO COMMUNICATION Handbook for Marine Radio Communication 3rd edition By GRAHAM D LEES and WILLIAM G WILLIAMSON ILILIPI LONDON HONG KONG 1999 LLP Reference Publishing 69-77 Paul Street London EC2A 4LQ Great Britain Preface EAST ASIA LLP Asia Sixth Floor, Hollywood Centre 233 Hollywood Road Hong Kong © Graham D Lees and William G Williamson, 1999 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 1-85978-672-3 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of LLP Limited Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the information contained in this book is correct, neither the authors nor LLP Limited can accept responsibility for any errors or omissions or for any consequences resulting therefrom Since the first edition of this book was published in 1993, GMDSS continued to evolve and over the years some major changes and some fine tuning of the system have become apparent The results of this evolutionary change is reflected in the contents of this edition The text has been amended and updated where subtle shifts of emphasis in the interpretation of the regulations, equipment specification or advice to operators have changed since the last edition Readers should note that regulations have not been included in full in this book but a number of sections are based on the provisions of the following: (a) ITU Radio Regulations; (b) International Convention for Safety of Life at Sea SOLAS (1974) and amendments (1988); (c) ITU Manual for use by the Maritime Mobile and Maritime Mobile-Satellite Services 1996; (d) Merchant Shipping (Radio Installations) Regulations 1998; (e) The Merchant Shipping (Radio) (Fishing Vessels) Rules 1974; (D The Merchant Shipping (Radio) (Fishing Vessels) (Amendment) Rules 1982; (g) Various Merchant Shipping Notices and publications issued by the Maritime and Coastguard Agency; (h) Various publications issued by the Radiocommunications Agency; (i) INMARSAT Maritime Communication Handbook (Issue 2); and other relevant statutory regulations and provisions Thus readers should consult with appropriate international and national regulations for definitive interpretation of the rules and regulations As GMDSS continues to progress the old system which served so well for many years is, sadly, laid to rest Many familiar things, once vital, are now defunct and in this edition we say farewell to Morse, Q codes, silence periods and the RT two tone alarm This will be regretted by many ex radio officers However, since it was first proposed about 20 years ago and especially since its introduction in 1991, GMDSS has proved to be a brilliant technical success This is illustrated by the thousands of people alive today who owe their lives to the use of modern radiocommunication v Preface techniques which thus playa vital role in the safety oflife at sea, as did the radio officers of the past Once more we are indebted to many people and organisations for their contribution and assistance in the preparation of this edition, including the following: Lynda Goulding, The EPIRB Register, HM Coastguard Capt Donal Linehan, Nautical Surveyor, Department of the Marine, Eire Mary Cunningham, MCA, Southampton Kim Fisher, MCA, Southampton John Williamson, TSA Communications, Birkenhead Steve Huxley, Staff Officer GMDSS, MRCC Falmouth Commanding Officer, HMS Collingwood INMARSAT, London NODECA, Oslo M.C Martin, Publicity Manager, Radiocommunications Agency Sue Jones, NAC, AMERC, Ambleside Joan Hobbs, Ship Radio Licensing, Ambleside NELS Co-ordinating Office, Oslo A special thanks to our friend and colleague Mr J.C Loughlin, for his helpful comments during the proof-reading of the finished manuscript As GMDSS has now firmly established the age of automated radiocommunication at sea, LLP Limited have produced this new title to replace the previous editions of Handbook for Marine Radio Communication The authors look forward to the exciting developments in GMDSS that the new millennium will bring WILLIAM February 1999 G WILLIAMSON GRAHAM D LEES About the authors GRAHAM D LEES REd (Hons); I ENG; FIIE(elec); MRIN; CGLI Cert (Marine Electronics); MRGC Cert; BOT Radar Maintenance Cert; GMDSS GOC; TC (Manchester University) Born in Liverpool, 1947, and raised in Bebington, Wirral Educated at Calday Grange Grammar School, West Kirby, and trained as Radio Officer at Riversdale College of Technology, Liverpool Spent five years serving as Radio Officer followed by a further six years as Radio and Electronics Officer on a wide range of UK-registered vessels including passenger ships, general cargo, oil and chemical tankers, gas carriers and carlbulk cargo carriers Started teaching marine radio and electronics at Riversdale College in 1976 and became Senior Lecturer in charge ofHND and GMDSS courses After completing 21 years' teaching has now taken early retirement to concentrate on consultancy work specialising in the training needs of those involved in the marine radio communications and electronic navigational aids industries In addition, continues role as GMDSS examiner on behalf of MCAIAMERC Member of the Liverpool Marine Radio and Electronics Society WILLIAM G WILLIAMSON RSc (Open); Eng Tech; TMIEIE; 1st Class PMG Certificate; BOT Radar Maintenance Certificate; GMDSS GOC; Certificate of Education, Manchester University Born in Glasgow, 1943, and joined the Merchant Navy as a Radio Officer following initial training at the Glasgow Wireless College Spent seven years at sea during which time he served on a variety of vessels including general cargo ships, tramps and tankers Continued his involvement with the marine industry as a Marine Electronic Engineer based at Liverpool, gaining wide servicing experience on UK and foreign flag vessels During this period served for some years as an executive member of the Radio Officers' Union vii vi About the authors After 20 years with the Marconi Marine Company, joined the staff at Riversdale College of Technology in 1980 as a lecturer primarily concerned with Radio Officer training Presently a Senior Lecturer at Liverpool Community College with particular responsibilities for all GMDSS courses, GOC, ROC and LRC He is an approved GMDSS examiner and is the lead contact for GMDSS examinations at the Liverpool REC Has been a member of the Liverpool Marine Radio and Electronic Society for many years and is a book reviewer and frequent contributor to nautical magazines Contents Page v vii xxiii xxix xxxiii Preface About the authors List of acronyms and abbreviations Glossary of terms and definitions List of figures CHAPTER GLOBAL MARITIME SAFETY SYSTEM (GMDSS) 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 DISTRESS AND GMDSS: Overview GMDSS areas GMDSS terminology GMDSS implementation Shipboard equipment for GMDSS 1.5.1 Implementation of new SOLAS regulations for passenger ships 1.5.2 Recommended GMDSS equipment for small craft Minimum GMDSS personnel requirements for ship stations and MESs GMDSS ship equipment: Brief description GMDSS distress alert procedure Role of Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre (MRCC) 1.9.1 SARNET GMDSS Master Plan Availability and maintenance of GMDSS equipment: Terminology Availability and serviceability of GMDSS equipment Availability of GMDSS equipment: Further requirements False distress alerts False distress alerts: Reporting procedures EPIRB use within GMDSS: Introduction COSPAS-SARSAT: Introduction COSPAS-SARSAT: Coverage modes COSPAS-SARSAT: 406 MHz beacons 12 13 13 14 16 16 17 17 18 20 20 22 23 25 27 29 ix viii Contents Contents COSPAS-SARSAT: General information COSPAS-SARSAT: MCCs COSPAS-SARSAT: Satellite information COSPAS-SARSAT: Future developments EPIRBs: INMARSAT-E 1.24.1 INMARSAT-E system tests 1.24.2 INMARSAT-E world network 1.25 EPIRBs in the VHF band 1.26 EPIRBs: Routine maintenance and checks 1.27 Registration of EPIRBs 1.28 Search and rescue transponders (SARTs) 1.28.1 SART signals at close range 1.28.2 Factors which increase the visibility of a SART 1.29 SARTs: Tests and checks 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 CHAPTER DISTRESS, COMMUNICATIONS 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 x URGENCY 29 30 30 32 32 34 34 36 36 37 37 39 39 40 AND SAFETY GMDSS: General provisions Distress frequencies Aeronautical frequencies 2.3.1 Aeronautical use of 121.5 MHz GMDSS: VHF channel usage Satellite service Survival craft and GMDSS Distress and safety communications: Protection of frequencies Transmitter tests GMDSS general watchkeeping arrangements Distress and safety communication in GMDSS: General operational procedures Distress alerting 2.11.1 Sending a DSC distress alert 2.11.2 Radiotelephony distress procedure 2.11.3 Radiotelex distress message Shore to ship distress alert relay Distress alert by a station not itself in distress 2.13.1 DSC distress relay 2.13.2 Radiotelephony distress relay Acknowledgement of receipt of distress alerts Acknowledging receipt of distress alerts by coast stations, LESs or RCCs Acknowledging receipt of distress alerts by ship stations or MESs 41 42 44 44 45 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 51 52 53 54 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30 Preparations for handling distress traffic Distress traffic Imposing silence Resumption of normal working On-scene communications: On-scene commander and coordinator surface search Locating and homing signals Search and rescue transponders (SARTs) Charging for distress communication GMDSS: Operational procedures for urgency and safety messages 2.25.1 Urgency communications 2.25.2 Safety communications Medical transports Maritime Safety Information (MSI) transmissions Intership navigation safety communication Other frequencies used for distress and safety SATCOM distress procedure CHAPTER 3.1 3.2 DIGITAL SELECTIVE CALLING 55 55 56 56 58 59 60 60 61 61 64 65 66 66 67 67 (DSC) Digital Selective Calling (DSC): General introduction DSC digital coding Part I-DSC distress alerting Alerting by DSC: General information 3.3 DSC distress alerts 3.4 Format of DSC distress alert acknowledgement by coast 3.5 stations Acknowledgement of received DSC distress alert by ship 3.6 stations 3.6.1 For ships in ALL GMDSS sea areas 3.6.2 For ships operating in a GMDSS sea area Al 3.6.3 For ships operating in a GMDSS sea area A2 3.6.4 For ships operating outside a GMDSS sea area A2 receiving a DSC distress alert on HF 3.6.5 For ships operating outside a GMDSS sea area A2 3.6.6 For ships receiving a distress alert relay via a coast radio station Distress traffic 3.7 Alerting by DSC: Distress alert relay 3.8 Acknowledgement of a DSC distress relay received from 3.9 a coast station 69 70 71 73 74 74 74 75 76 77 77 77 78 78 79 xi Contents Contents Acknowledgement of a DSC distress relay received from another ship Sending a DSC distress alert on HF DSC urgency and safety calls to "all ships" Urgency messages and DSC 3.12.1 Reception of urgency messages by DSC Safety messages and DSC 3.13.1 Reception of safety messages by DSC DSC watchkeeping arrangements Dedicated DSC watchkeeping receivers UK distress and safety watchkeeping arrangements DSC distress summary 3.17.1 Full distress procedure using DSC and RT on VHF 3.17.2 Full GMDSS distress procedure using DSC and RT on MF 3.17.3 Full GMDSS distress procedure using DSC and RT on HF 3.17.4 Ship to ship distress alerting in GMDSS areas A3 or A4 3.9.1 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 Part II-Routine DSC calling procedure: Maritime mobile service 3.18 Conditions relating to DSC equipment 3.19 DSC: Use of frequencies 3.20 MF DSC: Bands between 415 kHz and 526.5 kHz 3.20.1 MF DSC: Call and acknowledgement 3.20.2 MF DSC: Watch 3.21 Bands between 605 kHz and 000 kHz 3.21.1 Bands between 605 kHz and 000 kHz: Call and acknowledgement 3.21.2 Bands between 605 kHz and 000 kHz: Watch 3.22 High Frequency (HF) DSC: Bands between 000 kHz and 27 500 kHz 3.22.1 HF DSC: Call and acknowledgement 3.22.2 HF DSC: Watch 3.23 VHF DSC: Bands between 156 MHz and 174 MHz 3.23.1 VHF DSC: Call and acknowledgement 3.23.2 VHF DSC: Watch 3.24 DSC calling frequencies 3.25 DSC Regulations: Method of calling 3.26 DSC Regulations: Acknowledgement of calls 3.27 DSC Regulations: Acknowledgements, transmission method 3.28 DSC Regulations: Preparation for exchange of traffic 3.29 DSC shore to ship calls xii 79 79 80 80 81 81 81 81 83 84 86 86 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 90 91 91 92 92 92 93 93 93 93 94 95 95 96 96 97 3.30 3.31 3.32 3.33 3.34 3.35 3.36 3.29.1 Ship receives DSC call from a coast station DSC routine ship to shore calls DSC modes of emission DSC watchkeeping: Routine calls DSC testing DSC: Testing on 187.5 kHz DSC: European testing arrangements DSC routine calls for automatic connection CHAPTER RADIOTELEPHONY 98 99 101 101 102 102 103 103 (RT) Part I-Maritime RT bands: Use of frequencies RT: Introduction 4.1 4.1.1 Nomenclature of frequency bands used in radiocommunication 4.1.2 SSB designation Bands between 605 kHz and 000 kHz 4.2 4.2.1 Mode of emission of stations 4.2.2 182 kHz: Functions Additional provisions applying to Region 4.3 Bands between 000 kHz and 27 500 kHz 4.4 4.4.1 Mode of emission of stations 4.4.2 Call and reply 4.4.3 Traffic VHF bands between 156 MHz and 174 MHz 4.5 4.5.1 Call and reply 4.5.2 Watch Part II-General RT procedure in the maritime mobile service RT: General procedures 4.6 RT: Station identification 4.7 4.7.1 Coast stations 4.7.2 Ship stations Simplex and duplex 4.8 RT: Preliminary operations 4.9 4.10 RT: Calls from ships 4.11 RT: Calls from coast stations 4.12 RT traffic lists 4.13 Order of working 4.14 Repetition of calls 4.15 Communication with aircraft 4.16 Information to coast stations 4.17 RT: Method of calling and replying to calls 105 105 105 106 106 106 107 108 108 108 108 108 108 109 110 110 110 111 111 112 112 112 113 113 114 114 114 115 xiii Contents Contents 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21 4.22 4.23 4.24 4.25 4.26 4.27 4.28 4.29 4.30 4.31 4.32 4.33 4.34 4.35 Frequency to be used for call and reply 4.18.1 Bands between 605 kHz and 000 kHz 4.18.2 Bands between 000 kHz and 27 500 kHz 4.18.3 VHF bands (156-174 MHz) Indication of the frequency to be used for traffic 4.19.1 Bands between 605 kHz and 000 kHz 4.19.2 Bands between 000 kHz and 27 500 kHz 4.19.3 VHF bands (156-174 MHz) Agreeing the frequency to be used for traffic Indication of traffic on hand Reception difficulties Sending traffic Establishment of RT calls RT: Transmission of radiotelegrams Basic signals used for clarification Acknowledgement of receipt Duration and control of working RT: Tests Establishing RT calls using DSC On-board communications Pilot service: Calling procedure Port operations and ship movement services Autolink RT service Guidance on the use of VHF at sea CHAPTER SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS Part I-INMARSAT systems 5.1 Master's authority The International Mobile Satellite (INMARSAT) 5.2 organisation Satellite frequencies 5.3 5.4 Satellite earth stations Antenna alignment 5.5 INMARSAT mobile numbers (lMN) 5.6 Dual identity of MES 5.7 5.8 Telex answerbacks INMARSAT-A system 5.9 5.10 INMARSAT-A services 5.11 INMARSAT-B system 5.12 INMARSAT- B services 5.13 INMARSAT-C system 5.14 INMARSAT-C services 5.15 INMARSAT-M system 5.16 INMARSAT-E xiv 116 116 117 118 118 118 118 119 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 123 124 124 124 125 125 125 126 126 131 131 134 134 134 i35 135 136 136 136 138 139 139 140 141 141 Part II-Distress, urgency and safety communications via INMARSAT 5.17 INMARSAT priority indicators 5.18 INMARSAT-A distress alerting 5.19 INMARSAT-A distress transmission procedures 5.20 INMARSAT-B distress alerting 5.21 INMARSAT-B distress transmission procedures 5.22 INMARSAT-AIINMARSAT-B urgency and safety procedures 5.23 INMARSAT-C distress alerting 5.24 INMARSAT-C distress priority message 5.25 INMARSAT-C special codes for urgency and safety 5.26 Enhanced group call (EGC) 5.27 INMARSAT-M distress alerting Part III-Satellite communications traffic 5.28 INMARSAT-A land earth stations 5.29 INMARSAT-B and INMARSAT-M land earth stations 5.30 INMARSAT-C land earth stations 5.31 INMARSAT-M land earth stations 5.32 Telex via INMARSAT 5.33 INMARSAT telex two-digit codes 5.34 Telex procedure via INMARSAT-A and INMARSAT-B 5.35 INMARSAT telex dialling 5.36 Format of radiotelegrams, AMVER and medical messages 5.37 Radio telex and greetings telex letters 5.38 Terminating INMARSAT telex calls 5.39 INMARSAT telex calls to another MES 5.40 INMARSAT telex ocean region codes 5.41 Telex calls to ships fitted with MF/HF equipment 5.42 Telex service fault codes 5.43 Telephony via INMARSAT 5.44 INMARSAT telephony two-digit codes 5.45 Automatic telephone calls via INMARSAT 5.46 Telephone calls to another MES 5.47 INMARSAT telephone ocean region codes 5.48 Telephone calls to ships fitted with VHF/MF/HF RT equipment 5.49 Charges for RT calls using the INMARSAT system 5.50 Data communications via INMARSAT 5.51 Data network identification codes (DNICs) 5.52 Facsimile via INMARSAT 5.53 INMARSAT-C communications 5.54 INMARSAT-C message addresses 142 142 142 143 143 144 145 147 147 147 151 151 153 155 156 156 156 158 160 161 162 163 163 164 164 164 164 165 167 168 168 168 169 169 169 170 170 171 xv Contents Contents 5.55 5.56 5.57 5.58 5.59 INMARSAT-C logging on INMARSAT-C logging off INMARSAT-C two-digit service codes INMARSAT-C non-delivery notification codes INMARSAT-M traffic CHAPTER 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 6.17 6.18 6.19 6.20 6.21 6.22 xvi 171 171 171 172 174 RADIO TELEX Avoidance of interference Telex modes of emission 6.2.1 Band between 415 kHz and 535 kHz 6.2.2 Bands between 605 kHz-4 000 kHz and 000 kHz-27 500 kHz Telex communication between two stations Telex broadcasts to more than one receiving station Telex public correspondence Selcall numbers Manual telex calling procedures 6.7.1 Ship to shore telex calling 6.7.2 Shore to ship telex calling 6.7.3 Telex intership communications Automatic telex calling procedures 6.8.1 Ship to shore automatic calling 6.8.2 Shore to ship automatic calling Telex transmission format Telex message format FEC operation mode Acknowledgement of FEC messages Telex frequencies Telex distress frequencies Protection of frequencies Test transmissions Telex answerback Modes of telex operation 6.18.1 ARQ 6.18.2 FEC 6.18.3 SELFEC 6.18.4 Direct Procedure for initiating a radio telex circuit to a coast station Traffic lists on telex Telex commands as used in the automatic radio telex system Telex advice codes as used in the automatic radio telex system 175 175 175 175 176 176 176 176 177 177 177 177 177 177 177 178 178 178 179 179 180 180 180 180 181 181 181 182 182 182 183 183 186 6.23 Charges for telex calls CHAPTER 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.18 7.19 7.20 7.21 7.22 7.23 7.24 7.25 7.26 7.27 188 RADIO TRAFFIC Radiotelephone traffic Telephone credit-card calls Autolink RT service Priority of radiotelephone calls Charges for radiocommunications using terrestrial radio services 7.5.1 Special charging arrangements Charges for radiotelephone calls 7.6.1 Operator connected calls 7.6.2 Special charges 7.6.3 Autolink RT calls 7.6.4 Refunds for radiotelephone and radiotelex calls Charges for RT calls using the INMARSAT system Radiotelegram service Radiotelegram characters Classes of radiotelegrams admitted Radiotelegram addresses Urgent radiotelegrams Post Restante or Telegraphe Restant address Paid service indicators Counting words in radiotelegrams Radiotelegram format Accounting Authority Indicating Code (AAIC) Service messages Non-delivery of telegrams Cancelling a telegram at sender's request Service advices Piracy reports Meteorological (OBS) messages Radiomaritime letters Radiotelexogram 7.25.1 Radiotelexogram: Information supplied to the land station by the calling party Radiotelex service Telex message layout 7.27.1 General 7.27.2 Telex message format 7.27.3 Sending fractions 7.27.4 Sending percentages 7.27.5 Repetition of important groups 189 190 191 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 194 195 195 195 196 197 197 198 198 199 200 200 201 201 201 202 205 205 205 206 206 206 206 207 207 208 208 xvii Contents Contents Starting a new line Correction of errors Cancelling a telex message Precautions to be observed when preparing perforated tape 7.27.10 Non-standardised telex characters Radio telex letters (RTL) TRs Monetary unit Ship reporting systems AMVER messages Automatic ship identification and reporting (AIRS) Vessel monitoring system for fishing vessels (VMS) Radiocommunication between British merchant ships and HM ships 7.27.6 7.27.7 7.27.8 7.27.9 7.28 7.29 7.30 7.31 7.32 7.33 7.34 7.35 CHAPTER 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 8.10 8.11 8.12 8.13 8.14 8.15 8.16 8.17 8.18 8.19 8.20 8.21 8.22 8.23 xviii GENERAL 208 208 209 8.24 8.25 8.26 209 209 209 210 211 211 212 212 213 8.27 8.28 213 CHAPTER REGULATIONS Radio regulations Radiocommunications Agency (RA) Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA) Breach of Radio Regulations Infringements of the Radio Regulations Avoidance of interference Master's authority Radio secrecy Ship radio licence Inspection and survey of ship radio and ship earth stations Radio documentation Documents to be carried on UK ships Admiralty Lists of Radio Signals (ALRS) ITU documents Radio watch Radio logbooks Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and dates used for radiocommunications Time signals Test transmissions Testing of radio equipment Control of working Order of priority of communications in the maritime mobile and maritime mobile-satellite services Closure of ship radio stations 8.29 8.30 8.31 8.32 8.33 8.34 8.35 8.36 Identification of stations Selective call numbers in the maritime mobile service Maritime mobile service identities (MMSIs) in the maritime mobile and maritime mobile-satellite services Classes of emission Radio transmissions by ships on UK inland waterways and in UK harbours Broadcasting from mobile stations Amateur radio stations aboard UK ships Hours of service of coast stations and land earth stations Technical requirements of radio apparatus Sources of energy for radio equipment Battery supplies Capacity of reserve sources of energy Electrical interference 215 215 216 217 217 217 217 218 218 220 221 222 222 224 227 ' 227 230 230 231 231 232 233 233 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 9.14 234 236 237 238 240 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 CERTIFICATION Certification for personnel of ship stations and MESs Categories of certificates for ship station and MES operators on GMDSS ships Conditions for the issue of operator's certificates Certificates of competency and service qualifications of radio personnel Additional knowledge/training requirements for RT operators and radio officers GMDSS examinations GMDSS examination structure 9.7.1 Conduct of GMDSS examination and appeals procedure CEPT GMDSS General Operator's Certificate: Outline examination syllabus CEPT GMDSS General Operator's Certificate: Detailed examination syllabus ROC examination structure 9.10.1 Conduct of ROC examination and appeals procedure CEPT GMDSS Restricted Operator's Certificate: Outline examination syllabus CEPT GMDSS Restricted Operator's Certificate: Detailed examination syllabus GOC, ROC, LRC and SRC: General information LRC: Examination structure 9.14.1 LRC satellite module: Examination structure 245 246 246 246 249 250 251 251 251 253 261 261 262 263 268 269 269 xix App.4 International Spacing and (a) a dash is (b) the space dot; (c) the space (d) the space Morse Code signals and Phonetic Alphabet length of the signals: equal to three dots; between the signals forming the same letter is equal to one between two letters is equal to three dots; between two words is equal to seven dots FIGURES -2 ' 3· -4 · -' '" -" In routine repetitions, if there can be no misunderstandings in consequence of the presence together of figures and letters or groups of letters, figures may be rendered by means of the following abbreviated signals: '2 "3 "'4 - -'" 8- -' 0- PUNCTUATION AND OTHER SIGNS Full stop (period) Comma Colon or division sign Question mark (note of interrogation or request for repetition of a transmission not understood) 368 (.) -' (,) (:) " -" (?) ' " -'- - App.4 International Letter to be transmitted P Q R S T U Word to be used Oscar Papa Quebec Romeo Sierra Tango Uniform V W X Y Z Victor Whiskey X-ray Yankee Zulu When it is necessary shall be used: Figure or mark to be transmitted Decimal poin t Full stop Morse Code signals and Phonetic Alphabet to spell out figures or marks, Code word to be used NADAZERO UNAONE BISSOTWO TERRATHREE KARTEFOUR PANTAFIVE SOXISIX SETTESEVEN OKTOEIGHT NOVENINE Spoken as* NAH-DAH-ZAY-ROH OO-NAH-WUN BEES-SOH-TOO TAY-RAH-TREE KAR-TAY-FOWER PAN-TAH-FIVE SOK-SEE-SIX SAY-TAY-SEVEN OK-TOH-AIT NO-VAY-NINER DECIMAL STOP DAY-SEE-MAL STOP However, stations of the between themselves, may use Administration International telephone dialling codes the following table same country, when communicating any other table recognised by their *Each syllable should be equally emphasised 370 APPENDIX Spoken as* OSS CAH -PAH-PAH KEH-BE-CK ROW -M-E-O-H -SE-E-AIRRAH TANG-G-O -Y-O-U-NEEFORM or -0-0 NEE FORM VI-K-TAH W-ISS KEY -EC-KS-RAY YANG KEY -ZO-O-LOO Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctic Australian Territory Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Ascension Island Australia Australian External Territories Austria Azerbaijan Azores Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil British Virgin Isles Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Canary Islands Cape Verde Islands Cayman Islands 93 355 213 684 376 224 1264 672 1268 54 374 297 247 61 672 43 994 351 1242 973 880 1246 375 32 501 229 1441 975 591 387 267 55 1284 673 359 226 257 855 237 I 34 238 1345 Central African Rep Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo PR Cook Island Costa Rica Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czechoslovakian Republic Denmark Diego Garcia Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt AR El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Falkland Islands Faeroe Islands Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Gibraltar Greece Greenland Grenada Guadeloupe Guam 236 235 56 86 57 269 242 682 506 385 53 357 420 45 246 253 1767 1809 593 20 503 240 291 372 251 500 298 679 358 33 594 689 241 220 995 49 233 350 30 299 1473 590 671 371 App.5 International Guatema]a Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Ice]and India Indonesia Iran Iraq lre]and Israe] Italy Ivory Coast Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiri bati Korea PDR (North) Korea Republic (South) Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macao Macedonia Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldive Is]ands Mali Malta Marshall Is]ands Martinique Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Mexico Micronesia Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montserrat 372 telephone dialling codes 502 224 245 592 509 504 852 36 354 9] 62 98 964 353 972 39 225 1876 8] 962 254 686 850 82 965 996 856 37] 96] 266 231 218 4]75 370 352 853 389 26] 265 60 960 223 356 692 596 222 230 269 52 69] 373 377 976 ]664 Morocco Mozambique Myanmar (Burma) Namibia Naura Is]and Nepal Nether]ands Netherlands Antilles New Caledonia New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Island Norfo]k Is]and N Mariana Is]ands Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Reunion Romania Russian Federation Rwanda St He]ena St Kitts-Nevis St Lucia St Pierre/Miquelon St Vincent/Grenadines Samoa (US) Samoa (Western) San Marino Sao Tome/Principe Saudi Arabia Senega] Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovak Republic Slovenia Solomon Is]ands Somali DR S Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan International 212 258 95 264 674 977 3] 599 687 64 505 227 234 683 672 670 47 968 92 680 507 675 595 5] 63 48 35] 1787 974 262 40 250 290 1869 1758 508 1809 684 685 378 239 966 221 248 232 65 421 386 677 252 27 34 94 249 Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Togo Tonga Trinidad & Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Turks & Caicos Is Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom Uruguay 597 268 46 41 963 886 255 66 228 676 1868 216 90 993 1649 688 256 380 971 44 598 telephone dialling codes USA Uzbekistan Vanuatu Vatican City Venezuela Vietnam Virgin Is (British) Virgin Is (USA) Western Samoa Yemen AR Yugoslavia Zaire Zambia Zimbabwe App IS ] 678 39 58 84 1284 1340 685 967 381 243 260 263 Telephone codes for contacting ships via INMARSAT Atlantic Ocean Region (East) Pacific Ocean Region Indian Ocean Region Atlantic Ocean Region (West) 871 872 873 874 373 APPENDIX International telex dialling codes Afghanistan Alaska Albania Algeria America Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Ascension Island Australia Australian External Territories Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia Botswana Brazil British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Canada (TWX) Cape Verde Islands Cayman Islands Central America 79 200 604 408 770 590 991 391 393 33 684 303 939 71 766 47 784 297 490 780 392 681 46 371 972 290 890 309 600 962 38 292 809 67 978 903 807 970 21 26 993 293 37 Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Cocos Keeling Island Colombia Comoros Congo PR Cook Island Costa Rica Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czechoslovakian Republic Denmark Diego Garcia Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador EgyptAR El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Estonia Ethiopia Falkland Islands Faeroe Islands Fiji Finland France French Polynesia Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Gibraltar Greece Greenland Grenada Guadeloupe Guam 971 976 34 85 766 766 35 994 981 772 376 599 28 605 66 55 938 979 394 202/241 308 91 373 999 537 980 306 502 701 57 42 702 973 996 683 41 94 405 601 503 395 299 700 375 App.6 International Guatemala Guiana Guinea Guinea Bissau Guyana Haiti Hawaii (RCA) Hawaii (WI!) Hawaii (WUH) Hawaii (lTT) Hawaii (DATA-TEL) Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Ivory Coast Jamaica Japan Jordan Kenya Kiribati Korea PDR Korea Republic Kuwait Kazakhstan Kyrgystan Laos People's Dem Rep Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macao Macedonia Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldive Islands Mali Malta Marshall Islands Martinique Mauritania Mauritius 376 telex dialling codes 372 300 995 969 295 203 704 708 709 705 773 374 802 61 501 81 73 88 491 500 606 43 983 291 72 493 987 761 899 801 496 785 788 804 538 494 963 997 901 45 539 402 808 597 986 904 84 896 985 406 765 298 974 966 Mexico Micronesia Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montserrat Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Island Nepal Netherlands Netherlands Antilles New Caledonia New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Island Northern Mariana Islands Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Philippines (CAPWIRE) Philippines (ETP!) Philippines (GMCR) Philippines (PHILCOM) Philippines (PTT) Philippines