89645970 common mistakes at cae

Debra Powell CAMBRIDGE COMMON MISTAKES at CAE … and how to avoid them 01 Perfect tenses: simple or continuous? 02 Perfect tenses: active or passive? 03 Give or have? Test 04 How many objects does the verb need? 05 Do I use the gerund or infinitive with the verb + object? 06 Give, provide or offer? Test 07 How I use must and have to? 08 Do I put the adverb before or after a modal verb? 09 How I use be supposed to, be expected to and be meant to? Test 10 This or these? 11 How I use amount of, number of, kinds of, etc.? 12 Which article I use? Test 13 You, your, yours, or you're? 14 Opportunity, possibility or chance? 15 Commonly confused nouns Test 16 Commonly confused adjectives 17 Big, great or large? 18 When I use a hyphen in compound words? Test 19 Noun or verb? 20 How I use negative prefixes? 21 When I use regarding? Test 22 How I punctuate sentences with because and however? 23 How I use because of? 24 If or whether! 42 Test 25 How I use put? 26 Pay or spend? 27 Which preposition I use? Test 28 What are some common spelling mistakes? 29 Is the spelling British or American? 30 Kids or children? Test 10 ANSWER KEY Perfect tenses: simple or continuous? Tick t h e correct s e n t e n c e i n e a c h pair Global w e a t h e r patterns have changed fop many years a b a b G-lobal w e a t h e r patterns have been changing f o r many years I'd stayed a t a hotel f o r six months when I b o u g h t my house I'd been staying a t a hotel f o r six months when I b o u g h t my hodse We u s e t h e s i m p l e a s p e c t of t e n s e s for a c t i o n s w h i c h w e t h i n k are: • finished: I've done my homework, • p e r m a n e n t : I've lived in England (the h o m e w o r k is finished) for 10 years I've worked for this company for most of that time (I t h i n k I will r e m a i n i n E n g l a n d a n d c o n t i n u e to w o r k for t h e s a m e company) We u s e t h e c o n t i n u o u s a s p e c t of t e n s e s for a c t i o n s w h i c h w e t h i n k are: • u n f i n i s h e d or i n p r o g r e s s : I've been doing my homework, • t e m p o r a r y : I've been living in England for six months (it isn't finished I've been working yet) as an au pair (I t h i n k I will leave E n g l a n d o n e d a y - m y j o b is t e m p o r a r y ) We u s e p a s t p e r f e c t t e n s e s t o c o n n e c t t w o p a s t a c t i o n s , a n d p a s t p e r f e c t c o n t i n u o u s w h e n one event interrupts another: I'd been waiting for twenty minutes when the bus arrived T*r T h e s i m p l e o r c o n t i n u o u s a s p e c t a p p l i e s a c r o s s t h e e n t i r e t e n s e s y s t e m C o m p l e t e t h e s e n t e n c e s w i t h t h e correct f o r m of t h e v e r b i n brackets I (live) h e r e all m y life a n d n e v e r w a n t t o leave I (attend) We I Mr Georgiou a b e g i n n e r ' s class i n S p a n i s h for six w e e k s (drive) for h o u r s w h e n w e s p o t t e d t h e h o t e l (take) t h e t r a i n for a l o n g t i m e prefer t o drive (work) for t h e c o m p a n y for t w e n t y y e a r s w h e n h e retired T h e city I g r e w u p i n (changed) so m u c h , I h a r d l y r e c o g n i s e it any more I (work) i n a n office for t h e p a s t m o n t h , b u t m y p r o f e s s i o n is acting She (always I take) g o o d care of h e r finances Perfect tenses: active or passive? Tick t h e correct s e n t e n c e i n e a c h pair a b a b Eating habits have changed dramatically in the last decade Eating habits have been changed dramatically in the last decade Smoking has s h o w n t o b e a cause o f cancer Smoking has been s h o w n t o be a cause o f cancer We u s e active f o r m s of p e r f e c t t e n s e s {had I has + p a s t participle} to d e s c r i b e a situation which has changed: It's really stormy - the roof has blown off! We u s e p a s s i v e f o r m s of p e r f e c t t e n s e s [has I had been + p a s t participle) t o d e s c r i b e s o m e t h i n g w h i c h h a p p e n e d i n t h e p a s t a n d h a s a clear effect o n t h e p r e s e n t : The effect of diet on health has been proved We u s e active f o r m s of p e r f e c t t e n s e s t o d e s c r i b e a s i t u a t i o n w h i c h h a s c h a n g e d b y itself We u s e p a s s i v e f o r m s w h e n t h e s i t u a t i o n h a s b e e n c h a n g e d b y s o m e o n e or s o m e t h i n g i n particular C o m p a r e : Attitudes to religion have His attitude changed to life has been changed by the accident We u s e t h e p r e s e n t p e r f e c t for activities w h i c h h a v e a clear effect o n t h e p r e s e n t For finished activities w i t h n o c o n n e c t i o n t o t h e p r e s e n t , u s e t h e p a s t s i m p l e C o m p a r e : Last week's football Today's football match match was cancelled, (we a r e t h i n k i n g of t h e past) has been cancelled, (we a r e t h i n k i n g of t h e p r e s e n t - m e r e is n o m a t c h today) Underline the most suitable tense T h e e c o n o m i c s i t u a t i o n has improved T h e light b u l b was invented I has been improved I had been invented considerably by T h o m a s Edison I had applied I applied for t h e j o b last w e e k a n d n o w I h a v e b e e n invited for interview T h e h o u s e i n w h i c h h e lived had left I had been left t o h i m b y h i s m o t h e r Since l o s i n g h i s j o b h i s lifestyle has changed I has been changed considerably It has proved I has been proved t h a t caffeine affects h e a r t r a t e a n d b l o o d p r e s s u r e We have organised H e had handed I have been organised in I handed a l e a v i n g p a r t y for Alex in I has handed in h i s n o t i c e last w e e k Give or have? Tick t h e correct s e n t e n c e i n e a c h pair a b a b Madonna g a v e an excellent performance, Madonna had an excellent performance Television can give a g r e a t effect on the family, Television can have a g r e a t effect on the family We u s e give t o f o r m c o l l o c a t i o n s w i t h c e r t a i n n o u n s w i t h a n active m e a n i n g , i.e 'to deliver': • give a performance • give information I speech I talk: The band gave a great I advice I an example He gave no explanation for his poor I an performance, explanation: performance I n m o r e f o r m a l s p e e c h or writing, w e often r e p l a c e give w i t h o t h e r v e r b s : • give I deliver a speech; give I express an opinion; The lecture will be held in Room give I hold a lecture: 336 We u s e have w i t h c e r t a i n n o u n s t o f o r m c o l l o c a t i o n s w i t h t h e s e n s e of o w n e r s h i p : • have a(n) problem I chance I opportunity If I have a chance, I'll • have an idea I impression • have an advantage I opinion: I effect I You have the advantage, • I experience I career I baby travel Do you have an opinion on hunting? impact I'm afraid My comments have a meal I break I appointment had no effect on I trip: I like to have a light We u s e have, n o t spend, i n c e r t a i n p h r a s e s t o d o w i t h t i m e : • have a great time I a pleasant evening She had a great time in Ibiza Correct t h e s e n t e n c e s w i t h a f o r m of give or have as a p p r o p r i a t e H a v e y o u t a k e n b r e a k f a s t yet? We s p e n t a g r e a t t i m e at t h e party M a r i a h o l d s a great party, don't y o u think? T h e l e c t u r e s w e r e m a d e b y a series of e x p e r t s The b o o k h a s m a d e a great i m p a c t on public opinion I ' m tired Are w e m a k i n g a b r e a k ? N o t e v e r y o n e c a n m a k e a g o o d career If y o u d o n ' t u n d e r s t a n d , I'll s h o w y o u a n o t h e r e x a m p l e him breakfast TEST 1 C o m p l e t e e a c h s e n t e n c e w i t h a f o r m of give o r have a n d o n e of t h e w o r d s i n t h e b o x Use each word only once advice appointment experience idea problems speech explanation j j Traditionally, t h e b e s t m a n a(n) at the wedding reception A: W h e r e are y o u going? B: I a(n) with the bank manager A: H o w w a s y o u r holiday? B: N o t great We a lot of (s) w i t h t h e hotel The m a n a g e r couldn't us any for t h e lack of facilities a d v e r t i s e d i n t h e b r o c h u r e It's i m p o r t a n t for y o u t o a(n) of h o w t h e firm is o r g a n i s e d b e f o r e y o u s t a r t w o r k i n g h e r e Having like t o no of r a i s i n g c h i l d r e n , I w o u l d n ' t you o n h o w to d e a l w i t h y o u r son's p r o b l e m C o m p l e t e t h e d i a l o g u e P u t t h e v e r b s i n b r a c k e t s i n e i t h e r t h e p r e s e n t perfect s i m p l e or p r e s e n t perfect c o n t i n u o u s t e n s e Mark: A n n a , I h a v e n ' t s e e n y o u s i n c e College! W h a t (1) Anna: Mark! W h a t a s u r p r i s e ! (2) Mark: Well, (3) (do)! (work) i n F r a n c e A n d y o u ? (have) a few j o b s a b r o a d , b u t I ' m i n L o n d o n n o w a n d (4) (teach) a t a s c h o o l i n H a m p s t e a d for t h e p a s t few m o n t h s Anna: That's great! D o y o u t h i n k you'll s t a y t h e r e ? Mark: H a r d t o say (5) (always I want) t o live i n t h e Far East, a n d lately (6) (think) a b o u t a p p l y i n g for w o r k i n H o n g Kong Anna: (7) Qxear) it's a g r e a t p l a c e t o live Listen, there's a n e w p l a y s h o w i n g a t t h e Art C e n t r e (8) Mark: N o t yet (9) j o b Hey, y o u a n d S a r a h w e r e g o o d m a t e s (10) yet? M a y b e t h e t h r e e of u s c o u l d go t o g e t h e r Anna: (see) it? (not I he) o u t m u c h s i n c e I s t a r t e d t h i s n e w G o o d i d e a Give m e y o u r n u m b e r (ring) h e r Read Mark's e m a i l to a c o l l e a g u e , Alex U s e t h e i n f o r m a t i o n i n it to c o m p l e t e t h e m i n u t e s U s e a n a p p r o p r i a t e p a s s i v e verb for e a c h g a p Hi Alex Sorry you weren't able to make the staff meeting Some good news! We got our exam results this week and they were much better than last year's - 10% more of our students got a pass By the way, there've been a lot of complaints from students about other students arriving late, so we've decided that teachers should send late arrivals to the library What you think? Finally, you know the party that we'd scheduled for 15 Oct - we've postponed it to the 22nd See you soon Mark Minutes The Cambridge examination results, which (1) this week, show a pass result (2) by 10% more students this year than lasl Complaints (3) by a number of students that their classes are being disturbed by other students who arrive late It (4) that students who arrive more than 10 minutes late should be sent to the library J o work The date for die mid-term party, Which (5) for 15 October, (6) to 22 October In e a c h l i n e of t h e text p u t t h e verb i n b r a c k e t s i n a n a p p r o p r i a t e perfect t e n s e T H E NEWS T O D A Y Fresh outbreaks of violence (report) today in the country of Mornavia, where rebel forces (surround) the capital city Continued fighting (take) place throughout the day and night The President (announce) that his government may step down in response to the popular support which (give) to the rebel forces, though previously he (deny) any possibility of surrender Tensions in the country (build), but violence erupted during the elections last year To date, the cost of the conflict (be) high Countless lives (be) lost in the fighting and industry in the country (virtually/ come) to a halt 10 Are t h e s e s e n t e n c e s right or w r o n g ? Correct t h o s e w h i c h are w r o n g This year's t r a d e figures had been announced y e s t e r d a y We spent a wonderful time a t the beach y e s t e r d a y Look a t the w e a t h e r l It's rained all day! I complained a b o u t the service and they agreed t o have my money back Going t o w a r had an impact on the government's popularity David Buckingham has announced his retirement from professional s p o r t T h e announcement has been made a s h o r t time a g o How many objects does the verb need? Tick t h e correct s e n t e n c e i n e a c h pair a b a b I'm writing t o give information and advice I'm writing t o give y o u information and advice I r e g r e t t o inform t h a t there have been complaints a b o u t the service I r e g r e t t o inform y o u t h a t there have been complaints a b o u t the service Transitive v e r b s r e q u i r e a n object S o m e v e r b s n e e d t w o objects t o c o m p l e t e t h e i r m e a n i n g , a n i n d i r e c t object, w h i c h generally c o m e s first, a n d a direct object: • send I give (someone something): I gave him the money I owed I I've sent you an email •fr We c a n often p u t t h e d i r e c t o b j e c t [the thing) first, followed b y a p r e p o s i t i o n : I gave the money sent to her an to him II sent an email to her (not J gave to him the money 11 email) O t h e r v e r b s t a k i n g t w o objects are: • assure (someone) that+ c l a u s e / assure (someone) I assure you that we'll everything of (something): we can to help 11 assure you of our best intentions • inform (someone) that + c l a u s e / inform (someone) This letter is to inform you that I am not satisfied • tell (someone) (something) I tell (someone) of I about (something): I inform you of my that + c l a u s e / tell (someone) dissatisfaction how I why, etc.: He told me a lie I He told me that he wasn't married I He told me where he lived Correct t h e m i s t a k e b e l o w I'dlike Are t h e s e n t e n c e s right o r w r o n g ? Correct t h o s e w h i c h are w r o n g I give t o y o u my w o r d t h a t y o u r secret is safe T h e firm assured Nadia o f their complete t r u s t in her ability I sent t o her a message last week 1st me give some advice Thank y o u f o r telling a b o u t y o u r stay in Japan James told t o the police the t r u t h He told w h e r e he spent Friday night T h e police informed him t h a t he wasn't a suspect 10 Do I use the gerund or infinitive with the verb + object? Tick t h e correct s e n t e n c e i n e a c h pair a b a b Let them k n o w when you're arriving Let them t o k n o w when you're arriving I can't s t o p y o u t o leave if y o u w a n t t o go I can't stop y o u leaving if y o u w a n t t o go S o m e v e r b s n e e d a n object followed b y a n infinitive w i t h to: • allow I authorise (someone) The ticket authorises • get I force I help (someone) I got the doctor • to Iallows (something): you to travel for one to (something): to make a house call ask I tell (someone) month Poor health forced to (something): him to give up Can I ask you to something for smoking me? S o m e v e r b s t a k e a n infinitive w i t h o u t to: • let I make (someone) We can't let you leave (something): You can't make me go O t h e r v e r b s n e e d a n object followed b y a g e r u n d : • stop I prevent someone (from) doing something The police put up barriers to prevent • see I hear I watch I feel (someone) I watched the children playing people doing in the i n t h e future: entering the house (something): park I ' m afraid U n d e r l i n e t h e correct f o r m H o w c a n w e get t h e m change I to change I changing their minds? C h i l d r e n a r e n o t allowed travel I to travel I travelling unaccompanied There's n o t h i n g p r e v e n t i n g y o u take I to take I taking a holiday I w o n ' t let y o u make I to make I making I'm a s k i n g y o u consider I to consider such a stupid mistake I considering the consequences It's i m p o s s i b l e t o m a k e s o m e o n e I to I doing s o m e t h i n g t h e y d o n ' t w a n t t o d o I c a n h e a r m u s i c play I to play I playing in the background I w i s h I c o u l d s t o p h e r f r o m feel I to feel I feeling 11 sorry for herself! Give, provide or offer? Tick t h e correct s e n t e n c e i n e a c h pair a b a b We wish t o complain a b o u t the service given by y o u r company We wish t o complain a b o d t the service p r o v i d e d by y o u r company T h e service y o u p r o v i d e d did n o t match y o u r promises, T h e service y o u o f f e r e d did n o t match y o u r promises We u s e provide: • as a g e n e r a l rule, t o talk a b o u t services w h i c h h a v e a l r e a d y h a p p e n e d : • i n s t e a d of give i n m o r e f o r m a l c o n t e x t s : The information you requested They have promised to provide is provided in the brochure we sent you us with a friendly service, (not to give us a friendly service) We u s e offer: • t o talk a b o u t p o s s i b l e services w h i c h s o m e o n e m i g h t c h o o s e i n t h e future: We can offer (you) an excellent discount (if you choose our service) We u s e offer a n d provide w i t h t w o o b j e c t s : • offer (someone something) They offer people They offer free legal advice • provide (someone) I offer (something) with financial problems to people with (something) (someone): with financial I provide The hotel does not provide guests The hotel does not provide an evening Correct t h e m i s t a k e below to free legal advice problems (something) with an evening meal (for its for (someone): meal guests) _ C o m p l e t e t h e s e n t e n c e s b e l o w w i t h t h e correct f o r m of give, offer o r • provide We c a n t h e ffooc o o d if y o u c a n s u p p l y t h e e n t e r t a i n m e n t If y o u sign t h e c o n t r a c t today, ly, w e ccaann a 10% d i s c o u n t M o r n i n g a n d e v e n i n g m e a l s3 a r e as p a r t of t h e service We're y o u a bbeet t e r d e a l t h a n you'll find a n y w h e r e else It's o u r policy t o clients w i t h t h e b e s t service p o s s i b l e For a small surcharge, w e clients t h e o p t i o n of b r i n g i n g a guest I've y o u all t h e i n f o r m a t i o n I h a v e available Would you m e 1t h e n a m e of y o u r m a n a g e r , p l e a s e 12 TEST Underline the m o s t appropriate word T h e h o t e l gives I provides I offers e v e n i n g e n t e r t a i n m e n t for its g u e s t s T h e c o m p a n y p r o m i s e s t o give I provide I offer m e a l s m a d e f r o m fresh i n g r e d i e n t s H a v e t h e y given I provided W o u l d y o u give I provide I offered y o u a d i s c o u n t if y o u s i g n t o d a y ? I offer m e y o u r t e l e p h o n e n u m b e r ? C a t e r i n g services a i m t o give I provide T h e y ' r e offering I providing I offer g o o d f o o d a t l o w cost c a s h p r i z e s t o w i n n e r s of t h e b e s t c o m p e t i t i o n There's n o p o i n t i n f u r t h e r n e g o t i a t i o n T h e s e a r e t h e b e s t t e r m s I c a n give I provide I offer We a r e offering I providing y o u t h e c h a n c e t o b u y t h e c o m p l e t e set a t half p r i c e C o m p l e t e Suzanne's e m a i l b y filling i n t h e g a p s w i t h a n a p p r o p r i a t e w o r d w h e r e necessary • ;^Send;Naws^Send^iBterJ-||jj Save as Draft j $ From i ( 1*1.-"""'.' Suzanne Wilson ! "M' ! G^Optlona ^ ] - R e v r o p ««> ,'-" ,' x i ' ' ' 'f ^ ' '" J_' T o * I n t e r n a t i o n a l L a n g u a g e S c h o o l , iT"> ' i ' 'l Add Attachments j ^ / s i g n a t u r e Z / 9* Sect ! ; i'iii^"^subjecti)| C a t e r i n g !> Attachments /HW i ; |' Default Font >rf T e x t S I z e T h e International V |< B I U T | K e s | ; = : = t S - E s | A - d ' i - | — L a n g u a g e S c h o o l is h o l d i n g a n e n d - o f - t e r m p a r t y o n t h e e v e n i n g o f 2 O c t o b e r a n d a m w o n d e r i n g if y o u w o u l d p r o v i d e u s ! (1) information o n t h e catering services your firm (2) W o u l d y o u b e a b l e t o p r o v i d e m e a l s (4) \ offers T h e r e w i l l b e t o p e o p l e a t t e n d i n g , b u t I will b e special dietary requirements? people with ( O n e p e r s o n w h o m a y a t t e n d is a v e g e t a r i a n a n d a n o t h e r is d i a b e t i c ) C o u l d y o u p l e a s e s e n d (5) sample m e n u s f o r h o t a n d c o l d m e a l s a n d a p r i c e list? Finally, a f r i e n d w h o recommended (7) y o u r f i r m t e l l s (6) t h a t y o u offer d i s c o u n t s t o larger g r o u p s a n d I a m w o n d e r i n g if y o u w o u l d b e a b l e t o o f f e r (8) a reduction o n your s e t rates? 13 C o m p l e t e t h e extract b y w r i t i n g t h e m i s s i n g w o r d s i n t h e s p a c e provided U s e o n l y o n e w o r d i n e a c h s p a c e S o m e t i m e s n o w o r d is n e e d e d Personal debt o n the rise T h e r e p o r t p u b l i s h e d (1) Standard l a s t w e e k ' s e d i t i o n of t h e l o o k s a t t r e n d s i n s p e n d i n g Firstly, t h e r e p o r t d r a w s a t t e n t i o n (2) the sharp increase in personal debt The average p e r s o n t o d a y is £5,330 i n d e b t c o m p a r e d w i t h £3,540 in 1997 a c c o r d i n g t o t h e Office of N a t i o n a l S t a t i s t i c s , a r i s e of o v e r % T h e a v e r a g e income, on the other hand, has risen b y only 23.5% in the same period, f r o m £ , 0 t o £ , T h e r e p o r t p u t s (3) the s u g g e s t i o n t h a t a n i n c r e a s e i n c o n s u m e r s p e n d i n g is r e s p o n s i b l e (4) the increase in debt The report suggests that w h i l e t h e a v e r a g e p e r s o n w i l l s p e n d t h e i r m o n e y (5) c o n s u m e r p r o d u c t s , t h e y a r e n o t i n t e r e s t e d (6) p a y i n g (7) financial services w h i c h contribute to s a v i n g s O n e r e a s o n g i v e n (8) t h i s l a c k of i n t e r e s t i n s a v i n g for a r a i n y d a y is l o w i n t e r e s t r a t e s , w h i c h also m a k e s b o r r o w i n g e a s i e r A d v i c e f o r c o n s u m e r s i s t o k e e p t r a c k of h o w m u c h t h e y s p e n d (9) (10) bills, at t h e s u p e r m a r k e t , etc., a n d to p a y credit card bills p r o m p t l y C o m p l e t e t h e s e c o n d s e n t e n c e s o t h a t it m e a n s t h e s a m e as t h e first s e n t e n c e , u s i n g t h e w o r d s i n b r a c k e t s U s e b e t w e e n t w o a n d five w o r d s H a v e y o u p a i d for t h e m e a l yet? (bill) Have you yet? Y o u n g p e o p l e s h o u l d t a k e n o t i c e of w h a t t h e i r p a r e n t s suggest, Young p e o p l e their parents W o u l d a n y b o d y like t o m a k e a s u g g e s t i o n ? (forward) Would anybody a suggestion? I'd like y o u n o w t o c o n s i d e r S e c t i o n of t h e r e p o r t , (attention) I'd like to S e c t i o n of t h e r e p o r t T h e t i m e for y o u t o a c t o n y o u r i d e a s is now T h e t i m e for y o u t o F o o d c o s t s o u r family a lot of m o n e y , (attention) (practice) is now (spend) O u r family food 49 What are some common spelling mistakes? Tick t h e correct s e n t e n c e i n e a c h pair a b a b This is an opportunity w e can't a f f o r d t o miss, This is an oportunity w e can't a f f o r d t o miss I'm writing w i t h reference t o the holiday a c c o m o d a t i o n y o u provided, I'm writing w i t h reference t o the holiday accommodation y o u provided M a n y English w o r d s a r e s p e l t differendy t h a n t h e y s o u n d W o r d s m a y b e m i s s p e l t because they have: • d o u b l e letters: accommodation, committee, • recommend, different, opportunity, disappointment I-ed I-ing, professional silent letters: colleagues, • business, necessary, environment, know, night letters w h i c h a r e difficult t o p r e d i c t f r o m t h e s o u n d : choice, comfortable, grammar, negotiate Be careful n o t t o a d d o r leave o u t l e t t e r s T h e s e w o r d s a r e also c o m m o n l y m i s s p e l t : according, millennium, addition, afraid, apartment, attractive, career, exaggerated, intelligent, until U n d e r l i n e t h e correct s p e l l i n g of t h e w o r d W h i c h w o u l d y o u reccommend T h e environment! enviroment I recommend D o w h a t e v e r y o u t h i n k is necessary T h e committee I commitee - t h e fish o r t h e steak? is a m a j o r c o n c e r n for m a n y p e o p l e I nessecary t o solve t h e p r o b l e m is m e e t i n g n e x t M o n d a y Will y o u b e t h e r e ? I've g o n e b a c k t o College It's t i m e for a carreer I career c h a n g e Your e x a m results are disappointing I dissappointing I really enjoy w o r k i n g w i t h m y collegues I T h e n e w s r e p o r t s of t h e conflict exaggerated 50 What happened? colleagues I exagerated the casualties Is the spelling British or American? Tick t h e British English s p e l l i n g i n e a c h pair a H o w often d o y o u practise playing the piano? b H o w often d o y o u practice playing the piano? a b We'd planned t o g o t o the theater, but the performance w a s cancelled, We'd planned t o g o t o the theatre, but the performance w a s cancelled T h e British a n d A m e r i c a n spellings of m a n y English w o r d s are different W h i l e b o t h spellings a r e e q u a l l y correct, British English a n d British spellings a r e p r e f e r r e d i n t h e C a m b r i d g e e x a m i n a t i o n s S o m e a r e a s of difference are: • w o r d s e n d i n g i n -re or -er British E n g l i s h prefers: centre, theatre, metre (but gas or parking A m e r i c a n English prefers: center, theater, • w o r d s e n d i n g i n -se or -ce British spelling prefers: practice (n) I practise A m e r i c a n s p e l l i n g prefers: practice, • meter) meter (v), licence (n) I license (v) licence (n a n d v) w o r d s e n d i n g i n -our or -or British spelling prefers: behaviour, A m e r i c a n s p e l l i n g prefers: behavior, colour, humour, color, humor, labour, neighbour, labor, neighbor, N o t e t h e s e differences: cheque (UK), check (USA) •fr We say computer programme program (UK), program (USA) in British English C h a n g e t h e u n d e r l i n e d w o r d to British s p e l l i n g w h e r e necessary What color is y o u r new car? Is it all right if I w r i t e y o u a check, o r w o u l d y o u like cash? T h e t r a f f i c in the center o f t o w n is terrible this time o f d a y I haven't met o u r new neighbor y e t Have you? I missed football practice this morning I wasn't well hate quiz programs Could w e change the channel? Come and have a look I've installed a new p r o g r a m in my computer Do y o u think British humor is very different f r o m American humor? 51 rumour rumor Kids or children! Tick t h e correct s e n t e n c e in e a c h pair a b a b Many women don't stay a t home w i t h their kids, bat seek w o r k instead Many women don't stay a t home with their children, bat seek w o r k instead Many people a r e gonna change their lifestyle as a result o f recent research Many people a r e going t o change their lifestyle as a result o f recent research T h e register of w r i t t e n l a n g u a g e is generally m o r e f o r m a l t h a n t h e register of s p o k e n l a n g u a g e S o m e f e a t u r e s of s p o k e n English are: • t h e u s e of s l a n g i n p l a c e of m o r e n e u t r a l or f o r m a l e q u i v a l e n t s : children -» kids, money -» dosh or bread, police officer -» copCper), fool -» prat or wally, toilet -» loo, friend -» mate, pound(s) -» quid, bacteria or virus -» bug, thick -» stupid ft It is helpful to u n d e r s t a n d s l a n g e x p r e s s i o n s , b u t it c a n b e difficult t o identify a n a p p r o p r i a t e c o n t e x t for u s i n g s u c h e x p r e s s i o n s Also, b e w a r n e d t h a t s l a n g e x p r e s s i o n s d a t e a n d c a n easily s o u n d o l d - f a s h i o n e d • can for could i n r e q u e s t s for p e r m i s s i o n • Do you want to ? for Would you like to ? i n invitations • t h e u s e of ' s h o r t e n e d ' e x p r e s s i o n s like gonna • t h e u s e of c o n t r a c t i o n s : I'm, he's, • the u s e of p h r a s a l v e r b s : put up with for tolerate, find out for for 'going to' a n d wanna for ' w a n t t o ' hasn't discover T h e l a n g u a g e w e u s e for p u b l i c p u r p o s e s , e.g i n w o r k o r study, is u s u a l l y m o r e f o r m a l L a n g u a g e w e u s e for p e r s o n a l p u r p o s e s , i.e w i t h family a n d friends, is u s u a l l y less formal For t h i s r e a s o n , s p o k e n l a n g u a g e w h i c h w e u s e i n a p u b l i c c o n t e x t , e.g a s p e e c h or a n e x a m i n a t i o n , c o n t a i n s t h e f e a t u r e s of m o r e f o r m a l w r i t t e n l a n g u a g e C h a n g e t h e u n d e r l i n e d w o r d to a m o r e f o r m a l e q u i v a l e n t I have had a lot o f experience looking after kids o f all ages I beg y o u r pardon Could y o u tell me w h e r e the too is, please? We w e r e advised t o invest our dosh in a high interest savings account Your illness has been caused by a highly infectious bug We must consider h o w we're gonna meet the demands o f the coming year I w o n d e r if y o u could lend roe ten quid until t o m o r r o w , please? Shall w e ask t h a t cop_ f o r directions? He's a respected politician and also a close mate o f the family 52 TEST 10 F i n d a n d correct t h e m i s t a k e s i n s p e l l i n g Accomodation in any major city is prohibitively expensive Can y o u recomend a r e a s o n a b l y - p r i c e d restaurant nearby? I'm a f r a i d I don't feel confortable w i t h t h a t decision T h e members o f this commitee all w o r k voluntarily Running y o u r o w n bussiness takes a g r e a t deal o f commitment I have been o f f e r e d an a t r a c t i v e opportunity t o w o r k a b r o a d Do y o u think proffesional athletes make t o o much money? , Although they're twins, their personalities a r e quite diferent U n d e r l i n e t h e British s p e l l i n g o f t h e w o r d s i n italics W o u l d y o u give m e t h e m e a s u r e m e n t s i n meters I metres, H e w a s a r r e s t e d for t h r e a t e n i n g behaviour I please? behavior H o w c a n y o u e x p e c t t o i m p r o v e a t a n y t h i n g if y o u d o n ' t practice I M y favourite television programs I programmes W h o a r e t h e favourites to win the match? I favorites practise a r e all s o a p s W h o s h o u l d t h i s cheque I check b e p a y a b l e to? As a n actress s h e prefers theater I theatre w o r k t o films H e w o r k e d for m a n y y e a r s as a f a r m labourer I laborer Is e a c h l i n e i n t h e extract b e l o w right or w r o n g ? Correct t h o s e w h i c h are w r o n g The two wain politicalpartiesin Britain'-are Labor^ahd Conservative, sometimes known as the.Tories While the former usually shows more concern for issues like education, healtiicare and the enviroment, many * people who votedfor the presentgovermenthave not beenjhappy with their policies to date Many tPaditional'suppprters have been dissapointed that so little appears to have been done to improye'pUblic services7Choises have to J be made, yet many voters still feel that precious ripqrtunities to make nessecary changes to the infrastructure of the country have been lost 53 Read t h e extract f r o m a c o m p o s i t i o n a n d r e p l a c e t h e w o r d s i n italics w i t h m o r e formal or n e u t r a l e q u i v a l e n t s A career choice is one of the most important decisions made in life My sister is a teacher, and she insists that it is a career you should choose only if you genuinely (kids) Sometimes enjoy the company of (1) (thick) was (2) she thinks she to choose a job where she works very long (dosh), but hours for so little (3) on the whole I think she's happy with her choice My brother, on the other hand, is a (4) (copper) He (5) (quid) a year and has to (6) up with) risks his life for twenty thousand (put (prats) people w h o behave like (7) Still, he doesn't complain either He maintains he's made s o m e great (8) (mates) in the police force and, like my sister, he gets a great deal of satisfaction out of helping people C o m p l e t e t h e rest o f t h e m i s s i n g w o r d s U s e British spelling H a v e y o u m e t t h e n e w ne rs yet? T h e y m o v e d i n l a s t w e e k Was 2000 or 2001 t h e b e g i n n i n g of t h e mi H e h a s a t e n d e n c y t o ex Ac um? ate t h e i m p o r t a n c e of h i s w o r k ing t o r e c e n t figures, t h e r e h a s b e e n a fall i n unemployment I a m l u c k y t o w o r k w i t h v e r y s u p p o r t i v e co U n l e s s I c a n ne job gues ate a p a y rise, I will h a v e t o l o o k for a n o t h e r As t h e j o b m a r k e t c h a n g e s , p e o p l e are forced t o a d a p t b y c h a n g i n g ca rs There's a ru department r c i r c u l a t i n g d r a t t h e r e will b e j o b l o s s e s i n o u r 54 Answer key 10 3 Unitl 1 b b b e e n w r i t i n g this e s s a y 've lived 've b e e n a t t e n d i n g 'd b e e n driving haven't taken 'd w o r k e d 's c h a n g e d 've b e e n w o r k i n g 's always t a k e n Unit 1 a b has been has improved was invented applied h a d b e e n left has changed has b e e n proved have organised h a n d e d in Unit 1 a b having a barbecue Have you h a d We h a d M a r i a gives w e r e given has had Are w e h a v i n g can have '11 give Testl 1 gives, s p e e c h have, a p p o i n t m e n t had, problems give, e x p l a n a t i o n have, idea h a d , e x p e r i e n c e ; give, a d v i c e have you b e e n doing 6 10 5 I've b e e n w o r k i n g I've h a d I've b e e n t e a c h i n g I've always w a n t e d I've b e e n t h i n k i n g I've h e a r d Have you seen I haven't b e e n Have you rung were issued / given out was obtained / achieved have been made has been decided was scheduled / had been scheduled has been postponed have been reported have surrounded has b e e n taking place has announced h a s b e e n given had denied have b e e n building has been have been h a s virtually c o m e were a n n o u n c e d We h a d It's b e e n r a i n i n g a g r e e d to give m e correct correct was m a d e Unit 1 b b to tell y o u a b o u t m y e x p e r i e n c e s w o r k i n g for a large m u l t i n a t i o n a l give y o u m y w o r d correct sent her a message / sent a message to her give y o u s o m e a d v i c e for telling m e / u s / t h e m a b o u t t o l d t h e p o l i c e t h e t r u t h / told t h e truth to the police 55 offer y o u send us confirmation correct inform us in advance provide you with a s s u r e y o u of forced h i m t o go o n a strict diet a u t h o r i s e d h i m t o t a k e u n p a i d leave from work a s k y o u t o d o s o m e t h i n g for m e n o t t o allow h i m t o t a k e t h e exam p r e v e n t e d w i t n e s s e s (from) l e a v i n g t h e s c e n e of t h e c r i m e m a d e m e sign the d o c u m e n t get m y c o m p u t e r t o w o r k n o m a t t e r what I assured m e they would help in any way they could correct allow m e t o go o u t s m e l l food c o o k i n g children to stay u p past told m e why correct p a s s e n g e r s t o go p r e v e n t s h i m (from) w o r k i n g told m e / t h e m / u s w h e r e correct Unit 1 a b I h a v e t o ask y o u t o leave, Sir to change to travel taking make to c o n s i d e r playing feeling Unit 1 b a offer i n d i v i d u a l t u i t i o n provide offer provided offering provide offer / give given give Test 1 2 provides provide offered give provide offering offer offering with — you for us / m e u me 7i us / m e correct p r o v i d e / p r o v i d e y o u w i t h / offer you ao Unit 1 b b h e h a d t o s t a y a t h o m e yesterday, as well must be / must have been mustn't argue must have eaten h a d t o go can't b e must be didn't have to b u y can't h a v e t o l d Unit 1 a b will n e v e r i m p r o v e if y o u d o n ' t p r a c t i s e c a n still live well m i g h t e v e n h a v e c o m e first 56 I'd h a v e h a p p i l y a g r e e d / I'd h a p p i l y have agreed c a n o n l y s e e it c a n also b e v e r y e x p e n s i v e I definitely can't go o u t could you possibly go a h e a d s h o u l d n ' t ever d r i n k Unit 1 b b w a s s u p p o s e d t o b e h e r e a n h o u r ag< are s u p p o s e d to was s u p p o s e d to meant are w e e x p e c t e d was meant s u p p o s e d to was expected were supposed Test 1 2 3 meals are m e a n t to b e correct correct cats a r e s u p p o s e d t o b e correct T e c h n o l o g y is m e a n t to You're e x p e c t e d t o You're s u p p o s e d to 're s u p p o s e d to 're n o t s u p p o s e d to w a l k e x p e c t e d m e to b e c o m e a d o c t o r 're n o t m e a n t t o b e t h i r t e e n is s u p p o s e d t o b e m e a n t t o go b a c k t o s c h o o l w e r e s u p p o s e d to visit p e o p l e are expected to take p a r t can't mustn't h a d t o go can't h a v e don't have to can't have b e e n must have been m u s t have gone out could hardly sleep could only see 5 8 could hardly have anticipated c o u l d easily h a v e h a d / c o u l d h a v e easily h a d s h o u l d also h a v e h a d could barely move c a n ever m a k e u p should never have booked correct m u s t a l r e a d y h a v e arrived / m u s t h a v e arrived a l r e a d y probably won't see will n e v e r a d m i t will p r o b a b l y w i n We c o u l d h a r d l y s e e We c a n also p r o v i d e correct U n i t 10 1 b a a t all this traffic correct this m o n e y these changing times these children correct these days this work this knowledge U n i t 11 1 b b m a n y different k i n d s of m u s i c number amount kind sorts number amount type sort U n i t 12 1 b b I s e e s o m e s e a t s in t h e b a c k r o w 57 3 o n t h e f o u r t h floor an automatic washing machine t h e b e s t results ever t h e exact d a t e t h e bride's close friends t h e arrival t i m e a few s u g g e s t i o n s a high standard Test 1 these this that these those this those this a large n u m b e r different t y p e s a large a m o u n t of office e q u i p m e n t s o r t s of j o b s correct o t h e r k i n d s of a c c o m m o d a t i o n k i n d of i n f o r m a t i o n correct for e l e c t r o n i c g a d g e t s these days all k i n d s of correct the electronic e q u i p m e n t the gadget a treadmill correct the the the tire a the The a an / the 10 T h e 11 — 12 a 13 t h e 14 15 16 a The an U n i t 13 1 b a y o u for y o u r a t t e n t i o n Yours yours you; your your your; y o u you're your; you you U n i t 14 1 b a for giving m e a s e c o n d c h a n c e chances chance opportunities opportunity possibility opportunity chance opportunity Unit 15 1 a a t h i s year's e v e n t w a s a d i s a p p o i n t m e n t event activity event meeting event organisation activities programme Test 1 58 for t h i s o p p o r t u n i t y equal opportunities a second chance a r e o p p o r t u n i t i e s for o p p o r t u n i t i e s a r e available 2 3 4 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 same chance slim c h a n c e correct you're your your you yours your you're yours events programme event programme activities meeting activities event your you're opportunities your you you yours chances opportunities you're events your you organisation activity Opportunities U n i t 16 1 b a o p e n from a m t o 10 p m concerned correct true open sports / sporting dramatic variety cultural U n i t 17 1 b b a s m a l l b u s i n e s s , b u t w e h a v e p l a n s to expand great large / s m a l l wide / limited / narrow short high light small false Unit 18 1 b a w e d o n ' t serve b r e a k f a s t d i s h e s a t lunchtime worldwide a h conditioning hairdresser lifestyle correct so-called free t i m e correct Test 1 2 3 59 of great i m p o r t a n c e a large q u a n t i t y is U m i t e d quite low a great success bad habits correct inaccurate information dramatically open sports cultural concerned varied true sport brand-new grownup easy-going 4 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 well k n o w n breathtaking middle-aged English-speaking free t i m e Sport well-liked correct four y e a r s worldwide top-class well-known correct correct cultural short holiday living r o o m s correct high wages correct great Unit 19 1 b a advice to y o u is t o b e v e r y t o l e r a n t complaint complain life paid seats advice complaints stay Unit 1 b b I'm l o o k i n g for s o m e t h i n g i n e x p e n s i v e inadequate misunderstood improper dissatisfaction unsatisfactory incomplete non-native unforgettable Unit 1 b a I'd like t o s p e a k t o y o u r e g a r d i n g a p a y rise R e g a r d i n g / As for t h e h o t e l R e g a r d i n g / As r e g a r d s t h e entertainment R e g a r d i n g / As r e g a r d s t h e v a r i e t y R e g a r d i n g / As r e g a r d s t h e s e complaints correct m y advice r e g a r d i n g p a s s i n g R e g a r d i n g / As r e g a r d s t h e n e w clubroom coirect Test 1 2 3 4 60 disobedience unforgettable non-existent disorganised Unconditional unconvincing impractical intolerable advise lives regarding complaints stay seats Regarding payment correct advice regarding i m p r o v e m e n t s dissatisfaction r e g a r d i n g t h e tornRegarding public transport points regarding the organisation correct Regarding your request Regarding the danger complaint seats unscheduled uncomfortable impolite / disorganised 8 disorganised / impolite pay inconvenient non-verbal independently uncomfortable misunderstandings unconsciously mislead unsuccessful impatience Unit 22 1 b b I won't b e able to c o m e to your party because I'm going away that weekend like a r e f u n d b e c a u s e I ' m dissatisfied p r o v i d e v e g e t a r i a n food However, t h e r e is t o a c c e p t t h e j o b However, t h e r e are Because there was a thunderstorm, I arrived at College /1 arrived at College w e t a n d cold b e c a u s e t h e r e was a thunderstorm a b e a u t i f u l c a t h e d r a l However, t h a t w a s t h e o n l y enjoyable o n e s o l u t i o n to t h e p r o b l e m However, t h e r e a r e o t h e r s o l u t i o n s B e c a u s e w e t h i n k t h e c a n t e e n is u n h y g i e n i c , w e a r e refusing t o e a t there feeling v e r y irritable b e c a u s e she's tired because d u e to Unit 24 1 b a a n d s e e w h e t h e r or n o t y o u like h e r / a n d s e e if / w h e t h e r y o u like h e r or n o t if / w h e t h e r whether if if whether if / w h e t h e r whether if / w h e t h e r Test 1 2 Unit 23 1 a a is off s c h o o l b e c a u s e of illness b e c a u s e of B e c a u s e of b e c a u s e of for by b e c a u s e of 61 b e c a u s e of m y dissatisfaction correct b e c a u s e of t h e p a s s r a t e s b e c a u s e it h a s n ' t by t h e dog t h a n k y o u for y o u r i n v i t a t i o n h a p p e n e d for m a n y r e a s o n s correct correct The Party Conference e n d e d successfully However, a lot of issues were not discussed B e c a u s e h e w a s feeling unwell, h e decided n o t to attend the meeting I u s e d t o k e e p fit However, I've b e e n t o o b u s y of late t o d o so correct D u e t o t h e difficulties t h e firm e x p e r i e n c e d , t h e y h a d t o close down If y o u w a n t t o s e e t h e b e g i n n i n g of t h e film, you'll h a v e t o hurry correct if if whether whether though If 4 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Although if If because because However if / w h e t h e r whether if Although because if whether if/whether However b e c a u s e of If If Unit 1 a b put the posters u p / put u p the posters a n d I'll p o s t t h e leaflets put enthusiasm into everything p u t i n a lot of w o r k / p u t a lot of w o r k in p u t i n t o this e v e n t p u t your ideas into practice to p u t o n a n extra p e r f o r m a n c e / p u t a n extra p e r f o r m a n c e o n p u t these pictures u p / p u t u p these pictures putting on your coat / putting your coat on p u t that in t h e right place Unit 26 1 b b m o s t of o u r t i m e s h o p p i n g correct p a i d for all o u r m e a l s correct in Madrid p a y for t h e tickets at t h e t h e a t r e on the holiday w i t h m y family Unit 27 1 b b draw your attention to the graph, please to in to for for in in for Test 1 2 3 62 p a y y o u r e n t r a n c e fee dissatisfaction w i t h t h e service correct p a y a t t e n t i o n t o t h e traffic r e s p o n s i b l e for w h a t h a s g o n e w r o n g p u t into preparing interested in knowing income on rent for to on of at in for in p u r p o s e of t h i s m e s s a g e you've p u t in h a s ever p u t o n reviews i n t h e l o c a l p a p e r s correct p u t into practice your attention to the change p u t u p the posters / p u t the posters up in to forward for on in 10 5 for for on — p a i d t h e bill s h o u l d p a y a t t e n t i o n to like t o p u t f o r w a r d draw your attention to p u t your ideas into practice s p e n d s a lot of m o n e y o n Unit 1 a b for b u s i n e s s f r o m 8.00 t o 8.00 recommend environment necessary committee career disappointing colleagues exaggerated Unit 29 1 a b n o t l i c e n s e d t o s e r v e alcohol C h e q u e s not accepted colour cheque centre neighbour correct programmes correct humour Unit 30 1 b b like t o s p e a k t o a p o l i c e officer, p l e a s e children toilet / l a v a t o r y money virus g o i n g to pounds p o l i c e officer friend Test 10 1 accommodation recommend comfortable committee business attractive professional different metres behaviour practise programmes favourites cheque theatre labourer Labour correct environment government disappointed Choices opportunities necessary children stupid money p o l i c e officer pounds tolerate fools friends neighbours millennium exaggerate According colleagues negotiate careers rumour 63