Coastal flood risks to ecotourism services a case study from trapeang sangke community, kampot province

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NHA TRANG UNIVERSITY _ SENG BUNSONG Coastal Flood Risks to Ecotourism Services-a case study from Trapeang Sangke Community, Kampot Province MASTER THESIS KHANH HOA – 2017 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NHA TRANG UNIVERSITY _ SENG BUNSONG Coastal Flood Risks to Ecotourism Services-a case study from Trapeang Sangke Community, Kampot Province MASTER THESIS Training Subject: Marine Ecosystem-based Management and Climate Change Major: Marine Ecosystem-based Management and Climate Change Topic allocation Decision 772/QĐ-ĐHNT dated 20/09/2016 Decision on establishing the Committee: 461/ QĐ-ĐHNT dated 16/05/2017 Defense date: 02/06/2017 Supervisors: Dr Akhmad Fauzi Dr Quach Thi Khanh Ngoc Chairman: Ass Prof Nguyen Thi Kim Anh Faculty of Graduate Studies: Dr Quach Hoai Nam KHANH HOA – 2017 UNDERTAKING I undertake that the thesis entitled: “Coastal Flood Risks to Ecotourism Servicea case study from Trapeang Sangke Community, Kampot Province” is my own work The work has not been presented elsewhere for assessment until the time this thesis is submitted Nha Trang, 03 April 2017 Author SENG BUNSONG i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I wish to acknowledge funding from the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD) for my scholarship to follow this master's program on the special training course “Marine Ecosystem Management and Climate Change” of Nha Trang University Secondly, let me show my gratitude and deepest thanks to the iron women SubProf Dr Nguyen Thi Kim Anh and colleagues for their hardworking and responsible In completing this Program, it has faced much challenges and difficulties My acknowledgment and sincere thanks go to all professors and lecturers whose has involved in the program, especially for my kindness instructors Prof Claire Amstrong and Prof Henry Kinnuncan, and my greatest instructors Prof Akhmad Fauzi and Dr Quach Thi Khanh Ngoc Without those remarkable notably, everything might not meet the expected outcome My deeply grateful and gratitude goes to Mrs Hap Navy, the deputy director of Inland Fisheries Research Institute Cambodia (IFreDI) and my parents for their tolerance and compassion for all forms of life and learning Last but not really least, I would like to expand my acknowledgment to the Trapeang Sangke commission my kindness collaboration partner, and sincere thanks to my boss, colleagues, classmates and my friends whose have assisted in the studying period I never forget to give the special thanks as well to Dr Pham Thi Thanh Thuy, Dr Ngan Nguyen and their family for the warmest hospitality, especially for the unforgettable meal time With these beloved persons, I felt so warm and confident with their kindness within the spirit of brotherhood This absolutely is the unforgettable moment in my lifetime Thank you! Nha Trang, 03 April 2017 Author SENG BUNSONG ii ABSTRACT Tourism and fisheries sector acts very crucial role for national economic and job employment to thousands of Cambodian The government policies considered and encouraged on community-based ecotourism (CBET) development by integrated with the mangrove forest protection, the livelihood enhancement for fishing community and the climate change risk reduction for CBET Trapeang Sangke CBET selected for this study Because it is known as the famous community-based mangrove ecotourism that had transferred the fisheries community to the CBET successfully, well managed with highly management proficiency Yet, the related necessary document, regulation, model, especially the way of initiation, less documented and shared out It was also because, this area located closely to Kampot town where usually effected by coastal flood and rain storm The aims of investigation are to; provide a fundamental background of the initiation community-based mangrove ecotourism establishment model in Trapeang Sangke community, identify the risks associated with coastal flood to community services supply which referred to those six service types and finally, then, this study attempted to identify on community adaptation measurement to strive with identified risks by measure on the level of adaptation from the finding of community perceptions This study accompanied about months during October 2016 to the early April 2017 by begins with designing questionnaire, pilot questionnaire, communicate and gather the necessary documents, and collect data The six focus group discussions conducted with CBET commission and their members by using the ended and openended designed questionnaire, incorporated with PRA tools, risk and adaptation matrix The necessary document such as the management history, the involving stakeholder, model, regulation, the positive change, and the other challenges of CBET implementation has deployed and discussed In extra, risk related to coastal flood on the ecotourism services supply and adaptation options have identified and ranked by discussed the consequence and adaptation level and the ability to adapt the identified risks The study also suggested for future of expanding on community-based mangrove ecotourism and risk management and adaptation in the CBET context Keywords: Community-based mangrove ecotourism, coastal flood, ecotourism service, CBET, risk iii LIST OF CONTENTS UNDERTAKING I ACKNOWLEDGEMENT II ABSTRACT III LIST OF CONTENTS IV LIST OF FIGURE V LIST OF TABLE VI LIST OF APPENDIX VI LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS VI CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEWS 2.1 THE NOTATION ON RESEARCH RELATED TO CBET 2.2 CONTEXT AND BACKGROUND OF ECOTOURISM AND COMMUNITY-BASED ECOTOURISM 2.2.1 The Initiation of Ecotourism and Community-based Ecotourism (CBET) 2.2.2 Identify the Ecotourism and CBET Services and Activities .9 2.2.3 The Challenges, Management Principle and the Suggestion 10 2.3 CLIMATE CHANGE AND TOURISM SECTOR 12 2.3.1 The Responses of Tourism to Climate Change Impact 15 2.3.2 Coastal Flood and the Associated Consequences (Risk) to Tourism 16 2.4 THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK IN THE CLIMATE CHANGE RISK MANAGEMENT 16 2.4.1 THE FOCUS GROUP METHOD 23 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 26 3.1 THE RESEARCH PROCESS 26 3.2 SELECTED TOOL AND METHOD 26 3.3 SAMPLING AND DATA COLLECTION 27 3.4 THE RESEARCH APPROACH 27 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS 30 4.1 UNDERSTANDING ON BACKGROUND OF MANGROVE-BASED ECOTOURISM MODEL IN TRAPEANG SANGKE COMMUNITY 30 4.1.1 The History of Mangrove Management and Community-based Ecotourism 30 4.1.2 The involving stakeholders in establishment CBET process 32 4.1.3 Model of Trapeang Sangke mangrove-based ecotourism 35 4.1.4 Understanding on Rules and Regulations .36 4.1.5 The Changes in Management Efficiency before and after Implement the CBET 36 4.1.6 The Difficulties of Implementing Community-based Ecotourism Model .37 iv 4.2 COASTAL FLOOD ASSOCIATED RISKS TO EACH SERVICE TYPE 37 4.2.1 Measuring the Trend of Coastal Flood in Trapeang Sangke Community .37 4.2.2 Identify the Likelihood of Occurrence of Each Coastal Flood Type .39 4.2.3 Identify Services Impacted by Coastal Flood and Risk Level 40 4.3 THE ADAPTATION MEASUREMENT TO DEAL WITH ASSOCIATED RISKS 43 4.3.1 Adaptation Option and Capacity Measurment 43 CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 46 5.1 THE INITIATION OF MANGROVE-BASED ECOTOURISM MODEL 46 5.2 COASTAL FLOOD RISKS TO ECOTOURISM SERVICE AND ADAPTIVE CAPACITY 47 5.3 ADAPTATION OPTION AND ADAPTIVE CAPACITY 49 5.4 CONCLUSION AND REMARK 49 5.5 THE LIMITATION OF RESEARCH THESIS 53 REFERENCES 54 ANNEX I 62 LIST OF FIGURE Figure 1: Map of Trapeang Sangke community-based ecotourism Figure 2: The systematic of flood risk management 19 Figure 3: The World Bank Risk Management Approach 20 Figure 4: Research Processing Framework 26 Figure 5: Focus Group Activities with Trapeang Sangke Commission and their members 29 Figure 6: The diagram of mangrove management history and community-based ecotourism 30 Figure 7: Map of influences and dependencies between actors 33 Figure 8: Trapeang Sangke community-based ecotourism model 35 Figure 9: The trend of coastal flood at the last decades 38 Figure 10: The quarterly trend of coastal flood 39 Figure 11: Statistics of International Tourist Arrivals and Receipts from 1993-2015 62 Figure 12: The Trend of International Tourist Arrivals and Receipts from 1993-201562 Figure 13: The main impact of climate change and their implications for tourism .63 v Figure 14: The management structure of Trapeang Sangke Community-based ecotourism LIST OF TABLE Table 1: Impact matrix 21 Table 2: Risk Matrix Method 22 Table 3: Adaptation matrix 23 Table 4: Vulnerability assessment matrix .23 Table 5: The likelihood of coastal flood 39 Table 6: The impact matrix of coastal flood and the consequences to each service type .42 Table 7: The adaptation level to deal with coastal flood risks to each service 45 Table 8: The trend of coastal flood at the last decades 63 Table 9: The quarterly trend of coastal flood 63 LIST OF APPENDIX Appendix 1: Questionnaire for objective A: Provide a fundamental background of initiative mangrove conservation zone toward mangrove-based ecotourism establishment model in Trapeang Sangke community 64 Appendix 2: Questionnaire for objective B: Identifies, flood associated risks to community services supply 66 Appendix 3: Questionnaire for objective C: Identifies community adaptation measures to strive with identified risks 69 Appendix 4: The regulation of Trapeang Sangke Community-based ecotourism LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BCV: Building Community Voices CYA: Cambodian Youth Action CCBN: Cambodia’s Community-based Ecotourism Network CCCA: Cambodia Climate Change Alliance CBET: Community-based Ecotourism vi CWDCC: Children and Women Development Center in Cambodia DoE: Department of Environment DoT: Department of Tourism EU: European Union FACT: Fisheries Action Coalition Team FIA: Fisheries Administration FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations GDP: gross domestic product GMS: Greater Mekong Sub-region GOV.UK: United Kingdom public sector information website IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change KFiAC: Kampot Fisheries Administration Cantonment Kg: Kilogram Km: Kilometer MOT: Ministry of Tourism NCDM: The National Committee for Disaster Management NGO: Non-government Organization P: Page (e.g P76 = page 76) PLAN: Name of non-government organization supports in conservation activities PRA: participatory rural appraisal SDCU: Strategic Diplomatic Communications Unit TIES: The International Ecotourism Society UN: United Nation US: United State USAID: United States Agency for International Development UNIDO: United Nations Industrial Development Organization UNEP: United Nations Environment Programme WTO: World Trade Organization, WMO: World Meteorological Organization WCMC: World Conservation Monitoring Centre vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Climate change is a reality (Adger, 2005) and it is so-called “a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods” (UN, 1992 Page 7) It has projected that, in 2100, the mean global warming will increase from 1-3.50C with the mean sea level, rise up from 15 to 19cm (IPCC, 1997) Association of this event could increase the frequency of coastal hazard e.g coastal erosion, coastal inundation caused by the storm, sea level rise and tsunami where Tropical Asia has projected as the most vulnerable these events (Macintosh, 2013), (Office, 2004), (IPCC, 1997) Its related impacts would pose a major challenge for coastal communities (Macintosh, 2013), (CCCA, 2012), (IPCC, 1997) and the extreme climate variety effects on communities’ livelihoods by loss or damage to livelihood assets, affects livelihood strategies, risk to health and life, displacement and conflict (Marie-Caroline Badjeck, 2010) Tourism has recognized globally as the fastest growing, the largest industries with their economic essential return for many developing countries (Fennell D A., 1963) This sector also suffered from climate change-related impacts which able in shifting of the pleasant climatic condition, reduce the attractiveness of natural resources, landscape, biodiversity, beach and so on, then leads to change in tourist destination and demand (WTO-UNEP-WMO, 2008) (WTO-UNEP-WMO, 2008) suggested that tourism business could response to reduce risk, maintain the sustainability in the social, environmental and economical way The impact and risk assessment from climate change scenarios, the analysis of adaptation options with the need for the development of new technologies and opportunities for adapt the existing technologies in new settings at the regional level have suggested by (IPCC, 1997), especially for developing countries In Cambodia, the government also considers the adaptation and responding to the impact of climate change in the tourism sector Ministry of Tourism has developed the Climate Change Action Plan in Tourism Sector 2015-2018 Two main goals in this action plan encouraged in "reducing vulnerability A2: I heard that this community has established a mangrove-based ecotourism Could you tell me, who proposes this model? When has this model applied? …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… A3: Could you tell me the reason why this model is established? …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… A4: Who have involved in establishing? And which unit has closely relative to your community via supporting, funding and serving the other services? (Venn diagram) A5: Well, could you draw the management structure in this Ecotourism model? …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… A6: Understanding on each service: Could you descript the status of each service below? How does it work? - Boat service: …………………………………………………………………………………… - Homestay/bungalow: ………………………………………………………………………………… - Food Supply: ……………………………………………………………………………… … - Mangrove plantation: …………………………………………………………………………………… - Guided Tour: …………………………………………………………………………………… - Security: …………………………………………………………………………………… A7: Since, this model applied, does it contributed to community’s livelihood? Yes □ No □ If yes/no, could you explain, how? …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… A8: Does the efficiency of mangrove management gained, since your community accepted the community-based ecotourism model? Yes □ No □ If yes/no, could you explain to me the reason? …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… 65 …………………………………………………………………………………… A9: Since the first start till now, are there any challenge or difficulty in applying this model? Yes □ No □ If yes/no, could you tell me that difficulty and challenges? …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… A10: At the end could I ask for the relevant regulation and map of this community? Task III: Remark and closing statement Appendix 2: Questionnaire for objective B: Identifies, flood associated risks to community services supply MINISTRY OF EDUCATION NHA TRANG UNIVERSITY Training Subject: Marine Ecosystem-based Management and Climate Change NORHED Master Program 2015-2017 Research Topic: Coastal Flood Risks to Ecotourism Services-a case Study from Trapeang Sangke, Kampot Province Community:…………………………………………………………………………… Date of Conducting Survey:…………………………………………………………… Facilitator:……………………….… Research Assistant:…… ……………………… Participants:…………………………………………………………………………… Total………………………….Female:………………………………………………… Estimated Duration: ……… minutes Preliminary Task: Task I: Pre-talk (self-introduction, tell the aim of group discussion to participant) Dear Commission! I am SENG Bunsong, a student of NORHED Master Program (2015-2017) on training course “Marine Ecosystem-based Management and Climate Change” After studying for three semesters of theories now is the time to practice and conduct a research I get interested in your community and selected to research on a topic “Coastal Flood Risks 66 to Ecotourism Services-a case Study from Trapeang Sangke Community, Kampot Province” for my final year You might know me for the previous discussion on objective “A” and now, I please propose all of you here to share the idea and feel free to discuss on the objective “B” which that is to identify coastal flood associated risk to community service supply Task II: Conduct the group to discuss based on below question: Module II: Understanding on the trend of coastal flood during the last decade and yearly by using the “Historical Profile Analysis” B1: How you think the trend of these below hazards during the last decade? Coastal flood types Inland flood Rainstorm Sea wave High tide Before 2000 Between 2000-2010 From 2010-Now B2: How you think the trend of these below hazards quarterly? Coastal flood types Inland flood Rainstorm Sea wave High tide Quarter I Quarter II Quarter III Quarter IV B3: Understanding on likelihood of occurrence of each coastal flood type (step in sex steps of climate risk matrix) Note: Coastal flood types Unlikely = probability 25% (25-50%) Very likely = probability >50% (50-75%) Extremely likely = probability >75% (75-100%) Extremely Likely Increase of inland flood Increase of rain storm Increase of sea wave Increase of high tide 67 Very Likely Likely Unlikely B4: Identify services impacted by coastal flood (step in sex steps of climate risk matrix) Impacts Matrix Boat Homestay/ bungalow Selected Service Types Food Mangrove supply rehabilitation Guide tour Security Inland flood Rainstorm Sea wave High tide B5: Community committees discuss to list the climate impacts, how does each below factors has impacted variable then discuss to set colors code (See B4.1) to matrix based on the previous color code instruction (step and 5) Risk value: Unlikely = minor consequence (low risk) Likely = moderate consequence (medium risk) Very likely = major consequences (high risk) Extremely likely = severe consequence (extreme risk) Risk Matrix Inland flood Analytical conditions Boat Homestay/ bungalow Physical and socioeconomic Rainstorm Sea wave High tide 68 Selected Service Types Food Mangrove supply rehabilitation Guide tour Security Appendix 3: Questionnaire for objective C: Identifies community adaptation measures to strive with identified risks MINISTRY OF EDUCATION NHA TRANG UNIVERSITY Training Subject: Marine Ecosystem-based Management and Climate Change NORHED Master Program 2015-2017 Research Topic: Coastal Flood Risks to Ecotourism Services-a case Study from Trapeang Sangke, Kampot Province Community:…………………………………………………………………………… Date of Conducting Survey:…………………………………………………………… Facilitator:……………………….… Research Assistant:…… ……………………… Participants:…………………………………………………………………………… Total………………………….Female:………………………………………………… Estimated Duration: ……… minutes Preliminary Task: Task I: Pre-talk (self-introduction, tell the aim of group discussion to participant) Task II: Conduct the group to discuss based on below question: C1: Could you discuss, how your community respond to these consequences? (The consequences identify in objective (B)) Tell me the available response that your community able to C2: Adaptation analyzing process (Adaptation Matrix) Adaptat ion Matrix Inland flood Available adaptation option Technical and managerial Boat Homestay/ bungalow Rain storm Sea wave High tide 69 Selected Service Types Food Mangrove supply rehabilitation Guide tour Security Appendix 4: The regulation of Trapeang Sangke Community-based ecotourism Clause 1: About commission - The commission board were selected from those fisheries community committee and voted by villagers from Trapeang Sangke, Kampong Kes and Trapeang Thom directly during the period of 20th December 2010 The whole member has an obligation in responding to all development activities and all activities for ecotourism in order to establish the regulation to indicate what to and designed reflex upon the real situation of this community Moreover, the committee must play a crucial role in leading and making sure all members get understand what the benefit of ecotourism is, in the developing and nature conservation in their area which regards to sustainable policy It is, therefore, to absorb more national and international tourist for gaining income to their family which could be stated that “All for tourism, tourism for all” and “tourism is the green gold” Clause 2: Setting Commission Name - The established commission namely “Commission of Trapeang Sangke community-based ecotourism” which situated along the coast of Trapeang Sangke commune, Teuk Chou district, Kampot province There are 507 families have joined as a member and there are totally 734 persons followed by 363 females This community located Km far from Kampot town through road number 33 Clause 3: Ecotourism Commission Members - Community members Trapeang Sangke tourists was established through free and fair elections from the people in the commune direct Trapeang Sangke - Trapeang Sangke Tourism Commission contains honorary director, one director, two vice-director and 06 other members Clause 4: Voting rights - Citizens from both sexes were selected as representing a maximum 80 persons and have a permanent resident of the local station in Trapeang Sangke commune Teuk Chhou district, aged from 18 years old up whose has the rights to comment and choose Commission through election phase - The election was held in a secret Clause 5: The candidate registered rights - Citizens of both sexes who have permanent resident legal in Trapeang Sangke commune, not government officials in departments or stuff of other unit and aged 18 years or more are eligible candidates for the election Clause 6: The candidate’s qualifications - Holds a Khmer nationality and must be 18 years old up - Have the ability to read and write - Conscientious and conducts and people likes Clause 7: The phase of ecotourism commissions - The phase of Trapeang Sangke ecotourism commission has years The new election for new commission will prepare 30 days before the old commission being expired In case of no election for the new commission, the old commission will not able to continue their phase - The new commissions will be on duty after the received the final announcement results - The ecotourism commissions are able to change their member before ending phase, in case of having requirement from their member through the suitable reasons and condition that the director, vice-director, and member who had asked for resign, dies, two months absence without permission or dismissed from the commission with unforgivable mistake to select a new representative to replace those who have quit voting in the majority tourist commission and observers from relevant institutions Clause 8: The management Structure - The Trapeang Sangke ecotourism commission contains 11 members and accompanied by another honorary director who is a commune chief Figure 14: The management structure of Trapeang Sangke Community-based ecotourism Clause 9: Roles and responsibilities of the commission - Preparing an action plan for implementation in the tourist community - Preparing a plan for developing the tourism community through collaboration with other tourist facilities in close proximity to each other and without competition - Establish internal statutes and regulations for the tourism commission and disseminate to local citizens for understanding and participation - Preserve and conserve natural resources in the region to reach a lasting foundation (sustainability) - Compromise to deal with all challenges which exist in their region - Defined roles and tasks to each member on specifics for implementation - Scheduled monthly meetings to monitor on achieved results and re-direct for the next implementation phase Clause 10: Roles and tasks of commission members A Honorary director - Counseling to ecotourism commission - Attend all meetings conducted by ecotourism commission - Compromise and facilitate in solving challenges in commission board and even local area B Commission director - Lead and responsible for the whole tasks in ecotourism community - Resolve all problems which occur in the commission and on population range - Conduct all meetings with ecotourism commissions - Preparing a plan for developing the ecotourism community - Communicate with relevant stakeholders local authorities in coordinating to deal with necessary issues that associated to the planning C Vice-commission director - Response to roles and works on behalf of the director during the absence - Assist with all tasks offered by commission director - Monitor all tasks and report all work activities to commission directors D Administrator - Assist to director and vice-director in the general administrative tasks such as a report, logs and keep all related documents The administrator also response to other task based on the need from commission director E Accountant - Cash Management for revenue and expenditure of the ecotourism commission and report to ecotourism commission through clearance and transparency - Control document, prepare casebook and report to ecotourism commission through clearance and transparency - Daily operations with budget management and regular reporting to the director F Guest house/bungalow - Organize and monitor to all resting tourists to make sure all bungalow is under well organized and all member must change shifts, follow the set schedule G Chef - Response to cooking food and other tasks related to serving a meal to tourist Chef also makes sure in afford to reception held smoothly H Tour guide - Be ready for everyday work in the community to welcome the coming tourist for visiting with proper behavior and be aware of the history of their community clearly I Security - Prepare order and make sure the ecotourism area and tourist are safety - Observe and strengthen cooperation with villager regularly to prevent and report to the tourism commission and authorities for all offense destruction of natural resources in the ecotourism community and other offenses that harm public order J Sanitation - Preparing bins and toilets to avoid congestion, garbage, and waste - Remove the trash and garbage out of bin, toilet and in the whole ecotourism area to prevent the bad smell and none aesthetics - Inspire villager to participate in the movement of maintaining hygiene and environment in ecotourism community and avoid missing any solid waste or drain liquid into the sea K Boat driver - Organize boat in community parking place and maintain the boat driver must present to take guests The boat driver must guarantee that all equipment such as a protective jacket, gasoline, and anchor already exist prepared and the boat is always cleaned They also responded to the safety of tourist during the trip L The meeting hall organizer - The organizer must arrange meeting hall, be present for all meeting period, and make sure the electricity and water system are under process and other remaining equipment during each period M Villager - Participate in commission activities in order to protect the natural resources and have the rights to get the benefits return via their own business-based equally - Participate in observation and reporting to the commission for all illegal activities which happened in their ecotourism area - Regard and implement to roles and regulation of ecotourism commission Clause 11: The ecotourism commission’s funding The fund for ecotourism commission is based on the source income from: - Client service - Guest house/bungalow service - Foodservice - Boat service - Parking service - The traditional performance art service - Budget contribution charity and other nongovernment organization (NGO) Clause 12: The Principles of Each Services A Boat Services - Established to strengthen the people’s livelihood notably for community fishery’s members This could make them love their job and participate in natural resources protecting action in the region and also empower local people to protect the coastal environment The participant in this service - Are those from both sexes who are permanently situated in Trapeang Sangke commune who have their own boat and have selected by ecotourism commission then compiled as boat service group Duties of boat driver - Respect to daily working time - Protect the boat and machine and park in order - Make sure the tourists are safe during the trip - Pre-check on boat machine before leaving - Be sure all equipment and protective jacket already exist - Do not allow for kids under 10 years old for the trip - Inform to tourist not to drop or through the trash into the water - Control income from the renting boat based on the set price - Must know the hospitality and primary rescue skill clearly The payment for boat driver - Each boat driver will receive 10,000 Riel per time and 20,000 Riel for the whole day works Then this income will pass to accountant every working time The working hour - Every day the boat drivers must arrive at parking place on 7:00 am regularly They must work hours in the morning and hours in the evening if necessary At afternoon, the working time starts from 14:00 pm and back on 19:00 pm Internal disciplinary - In case of losing money in which amount, the boat driver must pay their own money back in that amount - In case of which member being absented with permission, the leader must prepare and replace this by the other and can’t replace by those who aren’t members of this group - The total income from boat service will use for the daily work of each member and the remaining money will be put into commission's cash - The member of this group must attend a daily meeting B Guest House/bungalow service/homestay This service established aims to demonstrate the community’s cultures, the way of life, to tourist and also to get income for community’s member in order to strengthen their livelihood The participant in this service - The guesthouse has selected under evaluation from commission based on the adequate criteria The first time, around three houses were selected and served for overnight tourist Duties of guest house service - Must well organize and manage the guesthouses - Be sure that bed, pillow, blanket, and net are already served for tourist - Must have lamp or canal or electricity to light at night - Be sure the water and hygiene latrine exist without effect to the environment - Must maintain the safety of tourist - Beset the incoming tourist number clearly - Be sure every payment is right and not take from tourist more than set cost - Be gentle, good manners, honest and warmly welcome for tourist - Do not keep the valuable assets in-house during the renting time - Stick on the wall of internal disciplinary such as no drugging, no violence, and abuse on a child - Well known for hospitality skill The price of homestay - One tourist will be charged 3$ per night and the house owner has to pay an amount of 2,000 Riel for commission’s cash for necessary uses The payment for homestay member - The member of this service will receive 7,000 Riel per day and this amount will offer to financial or homestay group leader for every working time The working hour - The responsible person with this service must stand by to pick up a tourist from 8:00 am to 5:00 pm Internal disciplinary - In case of losing money in which amount, the responsible person must pay their own money back in that amount - In case of which member of this service acts unusually, the group leader must report in urgent to ecotourism commission to solve it - In case of which member being absented with permission, the leader must prepare and replace this by the other and can’t replace the unskilled member - The income from this service will be allocated for labor work of each member, the spending fee and the remaining money will put into community’s fund cash When this cash grows big enough, each member could negotiate with the commission in order to rise up their daily payment - The staying tourist must keep their own valued assets and no payback in case of losing - The homestay owner must report in urgent, in case of occurring crimes or unusual activities to authorities and ecotourism director - At the end, the homestay owner must ensure the safety of the guests who come to stay C Food Supply - This service established aims to serve the food and especially to make tourist try the foodbased community style (folk food or local food) This is also to make the new career for community’s members in order to strengthen livelihood The participant in this service: - Are the citizens from both sexes talented with cooking who have chosen and compiled as a cooking group by ecotourism commission to maintain in cooking and serving food to incoming tourist The duties of this service - Keep all kitchen equipment into order whit high sanitation - Wear the suitable clothes not too elegant or too bad - Organize the eating place to be in order and have sanitation - Cook in what amount that suitable to tourist number - Cook local food that could get ingredients in the local area - Keep the kitchen and environment clean - The cooker must prepare into group contains to persons but on persons for each single cooking or more than this based on the real amount of tourist - Be gentle, good manners, honest, warmly welcome and friendly to visitors - Must know the hospitality and cooking skill clearly Internal disciplinary - In case of losing money in which amount, the members in this service must pay their own money back in that amount - The responsible person must report in urgent to solve the problem, in a case which member come not always on time or does unusual - In case of which member being absented with permission, the responsible person must prepare and replace him/her by the other and can’t replace the unskilled member Food price For visitors who need the community food: - The Cambodian visitor will charge 2$ or 8,000 Riel per person per single eat - The foreigner will charge 3$ or 12,000 Riel per person per single eat - No charge for the child under years - The first spending for preparing this service will withdraw from the commission’s cash After get payment from tourist, the income will be offered in the amount of 7,000 Riels to each cooker and the remaining money will put all into the commission’s cash D Tour Guide - This service established aims to gain the enjoyment for tourist and feel warm during a trip in order to understand the potential of norm, culture, religion and the communitybased living model of the Cambodian and incorporate with the sustainable natural resources management The participant in this service - The participation is the both sexes citizen aged from 18 years up who live in Chong Hoan village, ability to work, perfect fit, conscientious work and those who are elected by the tourism commission The duties of the tour guide - Manage working schedule to members which could be replaced based on the real situation of each member - Maintain to the safety of tourists - Keep the conscientious spirit on work and be an outstanding tour guide - Must respect the working hours regularly - Collect money from tourists by price set and give it to finance in origin amount - Willing to participate in the maintenance of good environmental hygiene - Willing to participate in sustainable natural resource management - Must know the hospitality and primary rescue skill clearly The charging cost - The price of this service has divided into two units The price of dollars is for foreigner and dollars for the Cambodian tourist The payment for tour guide - Each member of this service will receive 20.000 Riel per day and this income will be offered by the accountant or tour guide leader every working time The working hour: - The working hours start by 6:30 am and finish on 5:00 pm Internal disciplinary - In case of losing money in which amount, the tour guide must pay their own money back in that amount - In case of which member doesn’t come on time or make a mistake, the respondent on this service must report urgent to commission to solve that problem - In case of which member being absented with permission, the leader must prepare and replace this by the other and can’t replace the unskilled member - Every absent must inform early a day before - In case of which member got absent three times without permission, him/her will be called for meet disunion and will enforce with no condition if him/her still absent during those three times calling - The member on duty is able to replace by the other for three times per month and him/her will postpone temporarily for about to 15 turns - The member in duty must response all problems exist in their duty time - The member who absent three times in monthly meeting with the informed, him/her will postpone temporarily for about to 15 turns - All requests for permission must prepared in official (letter) or oral but must have two witnesses or by call and tell the exact date of the request - The total income from tour guide will allocate for daily work of each member and the remaining money will be put into commission's cash E Security group - This group established aim to enhance safety to tourist and protect the natural resources from illegal activities The member of this group must hold 18 years old up One of the committee members will choose to respond with this unit and must set the working schedule for members He/she must make a good collaboration with a financial and another member in the unit The responsibilities of security group - Guarantees the safety in an area with no sex trafficking and drug smuggling - Tell and explain to tourist where is safe and where is not - Implement the guarding based on timetable and report - Prepare the member list and patrolling plan - A report in urgent to relevant units in case of occurring illegal activities - Prepare and set the banner related to security and safety The payment for security member - The member in this group will receive income in the amount of 7,000 Riel per working day by accountant or director Internal disciplinary - In case of which member in security group come late or does unusual, the responsible person in this group must report to the commission - In case of which member being busied, he/she must inform the responsible person and the member cannot replace by their family member F Parking Service - This service established aims to prepare the tourist’s vehicles into a good order and safe without losing The participant in this service is those who are selected by the commission and including the commission itself The duties of this service The responsible person must response as below: - Do carefully response to the incoming parking vehicles - Be well managed in parking lots and make sure no jam - Beset clearly the rule with the vehicle owner especially pre-warn to the losing value asset during paring hours - Take the money from vehicle owner in the set amount The payment for parking member - The responsible person has to give the total income from this service to financial to put into the commission’s cash in the original amount - The responsible person will receive 7,000 Riel per whole day work - The amount of payment will rise up based on the growing up of the service Internal disciplinary - In case of which member of this service being busied, the responsible person must early information to the commission to replace - In case of losing money in which amount, the responsible person must pay their own money back in that amount The parking price - The bus will charge 5,000 Riel per time The minibus will charge 3,000 Riel per time The car will charge 2,000 Riel per time Motorcycle charged 1,000 Riel per time G The traditional performance art service - Cultural of their community The participant in this service is the both sexes citizen The aim of this service is to demonstrate to tourist about the traditional and value of from Chong Hoan village which willing to join and chosen by the commission This group must be a voluntary people which contain from to 10 persons The duties of this service - Holds a hobby as a traditional dancer in the community - Perform only art which could unite to conserve and support to tradition and culture - Must train every day to make their performance much better - Every song and performance must embed the traditional, national spiritual - Be gentle, friendly and warm welcome to visitors - The income will receive based on the set regulations - Respect to working hour and timetable The cost for visitor - The Cambodian visitor will charge 1,000 Riel per person - The foreigner visitor will charge 8,000 Riel per person - The child under 10 years no charge Internal disciplinary - The member of this group must come regularly on time - The responsible person in this group must manage and replace the absence member which is busy and couldn’t replace by unskilled one - The fund from the visitor will be divided into two parts which 70% for performer and 30% else will put into the commission’s cash - In case of losing money in which amount, the responsible person must pay their own money back in that amount H The sanitation group - This group established aims to strengthen the sanitation and to deal with the pollution from trash in the ecotourism area Moreover, this group will participate in the trash-based in management, what able to recycle and vice versa Then the group also holds the duty to maintain the safety of visitor and prevent, protect their natural resources from illegal activities The role of responsible person on this service - The participant in this service must hold 18 years up One in commission member will be chosen to respond to general sanitation tasks and manage the cleaner staff This person has an obligation also to coordinate with financial and other members The responsible of cleaner staff - Make sure that no trash or garbage being thrown to messy by pick up and put into divisible trash bins - Tell and explain to the visitor the bad impact of trashes to the ocean pollution - Implement the task based on the set schedule and report what they were done - Prepare the member list and the working patrolling plan - A report in urgent to relevant units, in case the illegal activities occurs - Prepare and set the warning banner related to the trash and garbage The payment for cleaner and patrolling staff - The member in cleaner and the patrolling unit will receive income in the amount of 7,000 Riel per working day by accountant or director Internal disciplinary: - In a case which member come not regular on time or does unusual, the responsible person in this group will report to the commission - In case of which member being busied, he/she must inform the responsible person and the member cannot replace by their family member Clause 13: The Management and conservation of natural resources - The ecotourism commission leads, manage and protect the natural resources which exist in their community area to make a better development by making a good collaboration with authorities and relevant units in goal to strengthen the local livelihood in reducing the poverty - The assets which will put into the sustainable management of ecotourism commission there are mangrove forest, coral reef, sand dune and endanger species Clause 14: The setting boundary of Trapeang Sangke community-based ecotourism - Trapeang Sangke ecotourism zone located in Trapeang Sangke commune, Teuk Chou district, Kampot province and 1000m along the coast with an area of 372 hectares - The north confronting with Trapeang Pring commune - The south confronting with the sea and Chum Kriel commune - The east confronting with Kon Sat commune - The west confronting with Chum Kriel and Kampong Samroang commune Clause 15: The assets of Trapeang Sangke ecotourism commission - All asset belongs to Trapeang Sangke ecotourism commission get from donors ‘supporting, generous activities, government and own selling services - Any purchasing of equipmentremains using by ecotourism commission must be first agreed on a range of commission and information to their members Clause 16: Financial management - All income earned from each service in ecotourism sector will be kept in the bank by making their own account with ACLEDA11 bank - All input and withdrawal money from the bank must see by three witnesses which there are an honorary director, director, and accountant of ecotourism - The budget keeps 200,000 Riel only with accountant and accountant will withdraw from bank to charge again when the commission used 80% of this amount Clause 17: The budget spending - The ecotourism commission has the rights to use and spend their own budget on some main factors below:  Reorganize to make a better esthetics  Sponsored by their members and others who are chosen by the commission in order to work with each service by regard to spending policy  The commission member and others will sponsor by the commission in the amount of 5,000 to 7,000 Riel per person per day when those members completed their daily task and only the renting boat service is excepted  The member from sanitation group also sponsored in the amount of 7,000 Riel per working day  The spending on administration task will not allow for more than 10% of daily income 11 The popular local bank in Cambodia  The commission has rights to spend 10% more of daily income in the goal of humanity such as the poorest family, the person contains HIV, the oldest person, orphan and so on Clause 18: The preparation of documents and reports - The director of ecotourism commission and financial holds an obligation to prepare the income and spending report via transparencybased in order to report to their members Clause 19: The working hours of ecotourism commission - The morning starts from 7:00 am to 11:00 am - The afternoon starts from 2:00 pm to 5:00 pm - But in case of necessarily need, the commission must work extra and received an extra benefit in the amount of 5,000 Riel Clause 20: The banning - Ban all mangrove deforestation activities along the coast - Ban all construction activities with no permission letter from relevant units - Ban all charging wastewater and trash into the ocean - Ban all fishing activities which makes a vulnerable damage to the coral reef - Ban all extraction, exploitation and catching the endangered species Clause 21: The informing, warning and punishment - Those who contrast from regulation will get the firstly blamed and warned just for the slight mistake - In case of doing recidivism as second time, the exhibits will temporarily withdraw and penalized as cash from 20,000 to 100,000 Riel due to the real situation of offenses and will be sent to professional competence, if they acted as stated in clause 17 - In case the offense makes more vulnerable to the resources in ecotourism area, the criminal will be arrested and temporarily confiscated all exhibit, by request the judicial police to building a case to professional competence Clause 22: The punishment on ecotourism commission members - In case of each member and others who chosen by ecotourism commission to work with each service does contrast from the regulation of the commission, they will be got double fined more than normal people, the exhibits will temporarily confiscate to legal action and completed role without any condition Clause 23: Clause 21: The encouragement - Any person who seen, reports and participated in arresting the criminal to ecotourism commission will receive the sponsor cash from punishment in the amount of 20% of total punishment amount Clause 24: Labor disputes in ecotourism commission - The ecotourism commission has rights to solve the problem which is happened between member and ecotourism commission member or another procedure person else by collaborating with the authorities and professional competence - In case of the dealing from commission being failed, the commission must send that case to authorities in law-based implementation Clause 25: The transitional regulations - The ecotourism commission gets all technical task and human resource training from Department of Tourism and other procedure persons by collaborating with local authorities and professional units - If there are a comprehensive requesting for investment in the phase of ecotourism commission, the rights to decide on that requesting is the competence of relevant professional units and superior authorities - All discretion that gives the negative impacts to community-based ecotourism area, the professional competence and superiors authorities have rights to reject that discretion Clause 26: The ultimately regulation - The ecotourism commission must respond in the implementation of this regulation Clause 27: The modifying of ecotourism commission regulations - The regulation of this community-based ecotourism could be amended after declared to use if there are 2/3 requesting from the commission and their members based on the real needs and the modernization of community in the next future Clause 28: The efficiency of implementation - This regulation has approved by members of the whole community - The regulation put into practice after got approval ... coastal flood) These concerns motivated the researcher to select the study area at Trapeang Sangke community in Kampot province to conduct on the research topic Coastal Flood Risks to Ecotourism Services-a. .. NHA TRANG UNIVERSITY _ SENG BUNSONG Coastal Flood Risks to Ecotourism Services-a case study from Trapeang Sangke Community, Kampot Province MASTER THESIS Training Subject: Marine... UNDERTAKING I undertake that the thesis entitled: Coastal Flood Risks to Ecotourism Servicea case study from Trapeang Sangke Community, Kampot Province is my own work The work has not been presented