English grammar adapted to the different classes of learners

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^^"^^"^O L22L- C' ; :y/ J ^-frZ-^V.^Sf^P UC-NRLF *B Ebb fl7b t^^'^ti- '"^Z-^M^ GIFT or Dr Horace Ivie ENGLISH GRAMMAR, ADAPTED TO THE DIFFERENT CLASSES OF LEARNERS, APPENDIX, CONTAINING RULES AND OBSERViATIONS FOR ASSISTING THE MORE ADVAI^'cEI) StlTDENTS TO WRITE WITH PERSPICUITY AND ACCURACY They who are learning to compose and arrange their sentences with accuracy and order, are learning, at the same time, to think with accuracy and order.—BLAiB BY LINDLEY MURRAY NEW-LONDON: PUBLISHED BY W 1835 & J BOLLES ; V* erFfeF EDUCATION DePT INTRODUCTION WjHEN the number and variety of English Grammars already published, and the ability with which some of them are written, are considered, little can be expected from a new compilation, besides a careful selection of the most useful matter, and some degree of improvement in the mode of adapting it to the understanding, and the gradual progress of learners In these respects something, perhaps, may yet be done, for the ease and advantage of young persons In books designed for the instruction of youth, there is a medium to be observed, between treating the subject in so extensive and minute a manner, as to eiiibai'yass and 'Cvhich all others might be resolved, undoubtedly is, io comViu7iicatc, in correct language^ and in the clearest and most naturai order the ideas which we mean to transfuse into the minds of others Such a selection and arrangement of words, as most justice to the sense, and express it to most advantage, make an agreeable and strong impression To these points have tended all the rules which have been given Did we always think clearly, and were we, at the same time, fully masters of the language in which we write, there would be occasion for few rules Our sentences would then, of course, acquire all those pro])erties ol clearness, unity, strengch, and accuracy, which have been recommended For we may rest assured, that whenever we express ourselves ill, besides the mismanagement of language, there is, for the most part, some mistake in our manner of conceiving the subject Embarrassed, obscure, and feeble senttj»ices, are generally, if not always, the result of embarrassed, obscure, and feeble thought Thought and expression act and re-act upon each other The understanding and language have a strict nexion ; and they who are learning to compose and arrange their sentences with accuracy and order, arc learning, at the same time, to think with accuracy and order ; a consideration which alone will ilfcompense the student, for his attention to thiei branch of literature For a further explanation of the Figures of Spttch^ see the Octavo Grammar, on this subject and much style, is sentiment which : J is ADnRESS TO YOUNG STUDENTS THfi Compiler of these elements of the English language, be deemed inconsistent with the nature and design i-C hi& work, to make a short address to the youn«» persons engaged in tlie study of it, respecting their future walks in the paths of lite*rature, and the chief purpose to which they should apply their acquisitions In forming this Grammar, and the volume of Illustrations connected with it, the author was influenced by a desire to facilitate your progress in learning, and, at the same time, to He ifiipreas on your minds principles of piety and virtue wished also to assist, in some degree, the labours of those who ^c*?^« il will not are cultivating your understandings, and providing for you a fund of rational and useful employment an employment caicwlai.ed to exclude those frivolous pursuits, and that love of ; east mtn is anJ sensual pleasure, which enfeeble and corrupt the of many inconsiderate youth, and render them useless to f>^ life is ler, ; ; ; ; ; — ; — ADDRESS TO YOtJ^a STUDENTS Q31 maineil illiterate and niiaspiriiig to have been confined to the humblest walks of life ; and to have been even hewers of wood and drawers of water all yoi;r days Contemplating the dangers to wliich you are exposed, the sorrows and dishonour which acconipany talents misapplied, and a course of indolence and folly, may you exert your ut; most endeavours to avoid them ! Seriously reflecting on the great end for which you were brought into existence on and encouraging examples of many excellent young persons and ou the mournful deviations of others, who once were promising may you be so wise as to choose and follow that path, which leads to honour, usefulness, and true enjoy-MJ ment This is the morning of your life, in which pursuit is ardent, and obstacles readily give way to vigour and perse; the bright ; ; ! Embrace verance this favourable season devote yourselves of knowledge and virtue and humbly pray to God thst he may bless your labours Often reflect on the advantages you possess, and on the source from whence they arc all derived A lively sense of the privileges and ble^^ eings, by which you have been distinguished, will induce you to render to your heavenly Father, the just returns of gratitude and love : and these fruits of early goodness will be re garded by him as acceptable offerings, and secure to you hi& ; to the acquisition ; favour and protection and discouragements may be found in of vice, ycu may be humbly confident, that Divine assistance will be affbrded to all your good and that every virtuous effort will and pious resolutions Whatever difficulties resisting the allurements ; mwe You may rest assured too, a correspondent rc^vard that all tile advantages arising from vicious indulgences, are light and contemptible, as well as exceedingly transient, compared with the substantial enjoymcjnts, the present pleasures, and the future hopes, which The Holy result from i^ty and virtue ThHpays of wisdom Scriptures assure us, that " :' ways of pleasantness, and that all her paths are peace " that religion has the promise of the life that now is, and of that which is to come :*' and that the truly good man, whatever may be the condition allotted to him by Divine Providence, ** in all things gives thanks, and rejoices even in tri- are bulation.*' — Some of these sentiments have been finely illua- 232 At)DIl£SS trated by a celebrated presents tbe iihistrntion portrait of vir4:ue: hearts and lives ness here, " Know TO tOUNa StUOKKTS poet to you, Tbe autbor with his most cordial Avishes, that youi and that your happi to it may correspond may be an ; earnest of happiness? hereafter then this truth, (enouj^li for man to below ; The only point where liuman blins stands Virtue alone is of this addrfisi as a striking and beautifu know,) bafipiness still ; And tastes the good, without the fall to ill Where only merit constant pay receivc;s, Is bless'd in what it takes, and what The joy unequaird, if its end it And if it lose, attended with no Without satiety, though it gives gain, pain : e'er so bless'd ; And but more relishM as the more distress'd: The broadest mirth unfeeling folly wears, Less pleasing far than virtue's very tears Good, from each object, from each place acquirec For ever exercisM, yet never tir'd Never elated, while one man's oi)press'd ; Never dejected, while another's bless'd : And where no wants, no wishes can remain Since hut to wisii njore virtue, is to gain.— For him alone hope leads from goal to goal| And opens still, and opens on his soul Till lengthen'd on to faith, and unconfinM, It pours the bliss that fills up all the nundi^ ; THE END « ** YA 04406 924211 THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA UBRARY '^" *v /i ^±\> ... subjects, and to illustrate them, by comparative views of the grammar of other languages, and of the variouf sentiments of English grammarians but also to invite the ingeniH ous student to inquiry... disjunctives Of nouns of multitude Of one noun governing another in the possessive case Of the syntax of the pronoun* Of pronouns agreeing with their antecedents Of the relative being nominative to the. .. verb Of the relative preceded by nominatives of different 100 102 ib 117 103 107 108 persons Of the Of the 115 syntax of the adjective syntax of the verb ib Of the verb's agreement with the