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JABLONSKI'S DICTIONARY OF MEDICAL ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS - 6th Ed (2009) Front Matter Title Page Jablonski's Dictionary of Medical Acronyms & Abbreviations 6th Edition Copyright Page 1600 John F Kennedy Blvd Ste 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899 Jablonski's Dictionary of Medical Acronyms & Abbreviations ISBN: 978-1-4160-5899-1 Copyright © 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1992, 1987 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier's Rights Department: phone: (+1) 215 239 3804 (US) or (+44) 1865 843830 (UK); fax: (+44) 1865 853333; e-mail: healthpermissions@elsevier.com You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier website at http://www.elsevier.com/Permissions Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jablonski's dictionary of medical acronyms & abbreviations - 6th ed p ; cm Rev ed of: Dictionary of medical acronyms & abbreviations / compiled and edited by Stanley Jablonski c2005 ISBN 978-1-4160-5899-1 Medicine-Abbreviations-Dictionaries Medicine-Acronyms-Dictionaries I Jablonski, Stanley II Dictionary of medical acronyms & abbreviations III Title: Jablonski's dictionary of medical acronyms and abbreviations IV Title: Dictionary of medical acronyms & abbreviations [DNLM: Medicine-Abbreviations Medicine-Dictionary-English W 13 J131 2009] R123.J24 2009 610.1'4-dc22 2008020020 Chief Lexicographer: Douglas M Anderson Assistant Lexicographer: Michelle A Elliott Publishing Services Manager: Linda Van Pelt Project Manager: Francisco Morales Design Direction: Gene Harris Multimedia Producer: Adrienne Simon Marketing Manager: Allan McKeown Printed in USA Last digit is the print number: ISBN-13: 978-1-4160-5899-1 ISBN-10: 1-41605-899-0 Dedication In memory of Stanley Jablonski, for whom this work was a labor of love for many years Preface to the 6th Edition This sixth edition of Jablonski's Dictionary of Medical Acronyms & Abbreviations is the first to be published without the tireless work of Stanley Jablonski, who passed away just before the publication of the fifth edition The book has been extremely well received over the years, and the author's enthusiasm and love of medical vocabulary in all its forms, even maddeningly obscure abbreviations, are evident in its pages The task of maintaining this volume now falls to the staff of the Dorland's dictionaries, who are well aware of the tradition of excellence that they have inherited Although responsibility for maintaining the text has changed, the book itself remains the familiar, convenient little volume that has served users well for two decades The book retains its format of boldface abbreviations followed by run-in meanings, a device that enables it to encompass as many entries as larger, heavier books in an easyto-handle size The list of symbols, which has been expanded for this edition, is in its usual place at the front of the book The listings for organizations have been updated: new ones have been added; name changes have been incorporated; outdated names have been cross-referenced to new ones (or dropped, when thoroughly obsolete, to make room for new material) Abbreviations and acronyms are included in a single alphabetically arranged section (no need to flip through multiple sections) and several thousand new entries have been added The CD-ROM that accompanies this book has been improved from that of the previous edition—it is searchable for both abbreviations and meanings, which will greatly increase its usefulness As has been noted by many, the convenience of using acronyms and abbreviations can be outweighed by the danger in doing so In some cases, ambiguity in interpretation can lead to situations in which patient safety may be compromised For this reason, the Joint Commission (JCAHO) has created a list of abbreviations that are considered dangerous and should not be used in a health care setting The abbreviations included in this edition have been compared with the JCAHO "Do not use" list, and those that occur on this list are so identified The new editors of Jablonski's Dictionary of Medical Acronyms & Abbreviations would like to express our admiration for the work that has been handed down to us and also our determination to maintain the book's high standards going forward Because new acronyms and abbreviations are constantly being coined, this volume can never really be complete We invite you to submit your suggestions for the next edition You can this by going to the Internet site http://www.dorlands.com and clicking on "Suggest a Word." Just tell us that it is for Jablonski You can be sure that your contributions will be much appreciated DOUGLAS M ANDERSON Chief Lexicographer Elsevier Acknowledgments The publisher would like to thank Christopher Peterson, MD, PhD, of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, for his continuing interest in the book and for supplying several hundred new entries for this sixth edition The work of Tsung O Cheng, MD, of Washington, DC, was extremely useful for verifying acronyms for cardiology trials and is gratefully acknowledged: Cheng TO: Acronyms of Clinical Trials in Cardiology—1998 American Heart Journal 137:726-765, 1999 Preface to First Edition Acronyms and abbreviations are used extensively in medicine, science and technology for good reason—they are more essential in such fields It would be difficult to imagine how one could write down chemical and mathematical formulas and equations without using abbreviations or symbols In medicine, they are used as a convenient shorthand in writing medical records, instructions, and prescriptions, and as space-saving devices in printed literature It is easier and more economical to write down the acronyms HETE and RAAS than their full names 12-L-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, respectively The main reason for abbreviations is said to be economy Some actually save space in print, such as acronyms for the names of institutions and organizational units, as well as being convenient to use Many are used for other reasons, as for instance, when trying to be delicate, we may euphemistically refer to bowel movement as BM, an unprincipled individual as SOB, and body odor as BO Also, it is sometimes difficult to fathom the reasoning of bureaucratic acronym makers, who have created some tongue-twisting monstrosities, such as ADCOMSUBORDCOMPHIBSPAC (for Administrative Command, Amphibious Forces, Pacific Fleet, Subordinate Command) Abbreviations and acronyms used in medicine can be grouped into two broad categories The first consists of official abbreviations and symbols used in chemistry, mathematics, and other sciences, and those designating weights and measures, whose exact form, capitalization, and punctuation have been determined by official governing bodies In this category, they mean only one thing (e.g., kg is the symbol for kilogram and Hz for hertz), and their form, capitalization, and punctuation have been established by the International System of Units (Systeme International d'Unites) Abbreviations in the second group, on the other hand, may appear in a variety of forms, the same abbreviation having a different number of letters, sometimes capitalized, at other times not, with or without punctuation Moreover, they may also have numerous meanings The abbreviation AP may mean alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, action potential, angina pectoris, and many other things Editors of individual scientific publications make an effort to standardize the form of abbreviations and symbols in their journals and books, but they generally vary from one publication to another This dictionary lists acronyms and abbreviations occurring with a reasonable frequency in the medical literature that were identified by a systematic scanning of collections of books and periodicals at the National Library of Medicine Except as they take the form of Greek letters, pure geometric symbols are not included Although we have attempted to be as inclusive as possible, a book such as this one can never be complete, in spite of the most diligent effort, and it is expected that some abbreviations and acronyms may have escaped detection and others may have been introduced since completion of the manuscript STANLEY JABLONSKI Contents Preface to the Sixth Edition… vii Preface to the First Edition… ix Symbols… xii A-Z Acronyms and Abbreviations… Symbols The Greek Alphabet Symbols Commonly Used in Pedigrees Mathematics and Statistics Miscellaneous Symbols Copyright © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc All rights reserved Warthin-Starry [stain]; water soluble; water swallow; watt-second; Wellens syndrome; Werner syndrome; West syndrome; Wiener spectrum [x-ray]; Wilder silver [stain]; Williams syndrome; Wolfram syndrome; word sense; work station WSI Waardenburg syndrome type I W&S wound and skin W·s watt-second ws water-soluble WSA water-soluble antibiotic WSB wheat-soy blend WSC water-soluble contrast [medium] WSDRN Western Satellite Data Relay System w-sec watt-second WSL Wesselsbron [virus] WSM women who have sex with men WSP withdrawal seizure prone WSPHU Western Sector Public Health Unit [Australia] WSQ wavelet scalar quantization WSR Westergren sedimentation rate; withdrawal seizure resistant W/sr watts per steradian WSS Weaver-Smith syndrome; wrinkly skin syndrome WSW women who have sex with women WT wall thickness; water temperature; wavelet transform; wild type [strain]; Wilms tumor; wisdom teeth; work therapy wt weight; white; wild type WT-1 Wilms tumor gene-1 wtAAV wild type adeno-associated virus wtAd wild type adenovirus WTCC wavelet transform cross correlation WTE whole time equivalent WTF weight transferral frequency WTH Women Take Heart [project] WTO World Trade Organization WTP willingness to pay wtPSGL wild type P selectin glycoprotein ligand WTR waist/thigh circumference ratio WTS Wilson-Turner syndrome WTV wound tumor virus W/U workup WUT wake-up test WV walking ventilation; weighting vector; Wrath virus W/V, w/v percent weight in volume, weight/volume Wv variable dominant spotting [mouse] WVD wavelet-vaguelette decomposition; Winger-Ville distribution WVTRs water vapor transmission rates WW Weight Watchers; wet weight; whisker weaving; window width [imaging] W/W, w/w percent weight; weight-to-weight [ratio] WWAV Whitewater Arroyo virus WWBV Weddel waterborne virus WWICT Western Washington Intracoronary Streptokinase Trial WWISK Western Washington Intracoronary Streptokinase Trial WWIST Western Washington Intravenous Streptokinase Trial WWIV Western Washington Intravascular Streptokinase Trial WWIVSK Western Washington Intravenous Streptokinase Trial WWM world wide microscope W/wo with or without WWS Walker-Warburg syndrome; Wieacker-Wolff syndrome; Working Well Study WWSIMIT Western Washington Streptokinase in Myocardial Infarction Trials WWU weighted working unit WWW World Wide Web WWW-PACS World Wide Web-picture archiving and communication system WWW VL World Wide Web Virtual Library WX wound of exit WxB wax bite WxP wax pattern WY women years WYOV Wyeomyia virus WYSIWYG what you see is what you get WZa wide zone alpha WZS Weissenbacher-Zweymuller syndrome Copyright © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc All rights reserved X X androgenic [zone]; cross; crossbite; exophoria distance; exposure; extra; female sex chromosome; ionization exposure; ionization exposure rate; Kienbock's unit of x-ray exposure; magnification; multiplication symbol; reactance; removal of; respirations [anesthesia chart]; Roman numeral ten; start of anesthesia; "times"; translocation between two X chromosomes; transverse; unknown quantity; xanthosine; X unit; xylene sample mean X2, χ2 chi-square X3 orientation as to time, place, and person x except; extremity; horizontal axis of a rectangular coordinate system; mole fraction; multiplication ×; position; roentgen [rays]; sample mean; "times"; unknown factor; xanthine Ξ see xi ξ see xi XA xanthurenic acid; x-ray analysis X-A xylene and alcohol Xa activated factor X; chiasma Xaa unknown amino acid XAD External Atrial Defibrillation [trial] Xam examination Xan xanthine Xanth xanthomatosis Xao xanthosine XBP xanthophyll-binding protein; X-box binding protein XBSN X-linked bulbospinal neuropathy XC, Xc excretory cystogram X-CAR cross-relational computer-based retention XCCL exaggerated craniocaudal lateral [view] XCE X-chromosome controlling element X-CGD X-linked chronic granulomatous disease XCMD external [computer] command Xcv Xanthomonas campestris vesicatoria XD x-ray diffraction XDH xanthine dehydrogenase XDP xanthine diphosphate; xeroderma pigmentosum XDR extensively drug-resistant; transducer Xe electric susceptibility; xenon XECT, XeCT xenon-enhanced computed tomography XEF excess ejection fraction XES x-ray energy spectrometry Xfb cross-linked Gibrin XFD x-ray flat detector XGP xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis XGPT xylosylprotein-4-beta-galactosyl-transferase XGRAIL Gene Recognition and Analysis Internet Link X window [client server system] Xi inactive X chromosome Ξ Greek capital letter xi ξ Greek lower case letter xi XIBV Xiburema virus XIC X chromosome inactivation center; X-inactivation center X-IEP crossed immunoelectrophoresis XIMS extensible markup language [XML] information management system XINV Xingu virus XIP exchanger inhibitory peptide; x-ray-induced polypeptide; x-ray in plaster XISHF Xamoterol in Severe Heart Failure [study] XIST inactive X chromosome specific transcript; X-inactivation specific transcript XL excess lactate; X-linked [inheritance]; xylose-lysine [agar base] XLA, X-LA X-linked agammaglobulinemia XLAS X-linked aqueductal stenosis XLCM X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy XLD X-linked dominant; xylose-lysine-deoxycholate [agar] XLH X-linked hydrocephalus; X-linked hypophosphatemia XLHED X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia XLI X-linked ichthyosis XLMR X-linked mental retardation XLMTM, XLMTm X-linked myotubular myopathy XLOS X-linked Opitz syndrome XLP X-linked lymphoproliferative [syndrome] XLPD X-linked lymphoproliferative disease XLR X-linked recessive XLRP X-linked retinitis pigmentosa XLS X-linked recessive lymphoproliferative syndrome XLSP X-linked spastic paraplegia XM crossmatch Xm, Xm maternal chromosome X xma chiasma X-mas Christmas [factor] x-mat crossmatch [blood] X-match crossmatch XME xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme XMI extensible markup language [XML] metadata-interchange [format] XML extensible markup language XML-DOM extensible markup language-document object model XML-DTD extensible markup language-document type definition XMP xanthine monophosphate XMMR Xenopus molecular marker resource XMR X-linked mental retardation XN night blindness XO presence of only one sex chromosome; xanthine oxidase XOAD X-linked ocular albinism with deafness XOAN X-linked ocular albinism of Nettleship-Falls XOM extraocular movements XOP x-ray out of plaster XOR exclusive operating room XP xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis; xeroderma pigmentosum Xp paternal chromosome X; short arm of chromosome X XPA xeroderma pigmentosum group A XPC xeroderma pigmentosum group C XPN xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis XPS x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; x-ray photoemission spectroscopy XPTB extrapulmonary tuberculosis Xq long arm of chromosome X XR extended release; xeroradiography; X-linked recessive [inheritance]; x-ray x-rays roentgen rays XRD x-ray diffraction XRE xenobiotic response element XRF x-ray fluorescence XRFDC x-ray film digitization console XRII x-ray image intensifier XRMR X-linked recessive mental retardation XRN X-linked recessive nephrolithiasis XRS x-ray sensitivity XRT x-ray therapy XS cross-section; excessive; xiphisternum X/S cross-section xs excess XSA cross-section area XSCID X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency [syndrome] XSCLH X-linked subcortical laminar heterotopia X-sect cross-section XSL extensible stylesheet language XSP xanthoma striatum palmare XT exotropia Xt extra toe Xta chiasmata Xtab cross-tabulating XTE xeroderma, talipes, and enamel defect [syndrome] XTM xanthoma tuberosum multiplex XTP xanthosine triphosphate X-TUL external tumescent ultrasound liposculpture XU excretory urogram; X unit Xu X-unit Xu cumulative amount of urine XUC extended use case [format] XuMP xylulose monophosphate Xu5P, Xu5p xylulose-5-phosphate XX chromosome X disomy; double strength; female chromosome type 46, XX 46 chromosomes, X chromosomes (normal female) XXL xylocaine XXX chromosome X trisomy XXXX chromosome X tetrasomy XXXXX chromosome X pentasomy XX/XY sex karyotypes XY male chromosome type 46, XY 46 chromosomes, X and Y chromosome (normal male) Xyl xylose Copyright © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc All rights reserved Y Y a coordinate axis in a plane; electrical admittance; male sex chromosome; tyrosine; year; yellow; Yersinia; yield; yttrium Y mean of y values Y- yotta-[10 24] y the vertical axis of a rectangular coordinate system y- yocto-[10 -24] Υ see upsilon υ see upsilon YA Yersinia arthritis Y/A years of age YAC yeast artificial chromosome YACP young adult chronic patient YACV Yacaaba virus YADH yeast alcohol dehydrogenase YAG yttrium aluminum garnet [laser] Yahoo Yet Another Hierarchically Officious Oracle [hierarchical subject index to Web sites] YAOV Yaounde virus YATAV Yata virus Yb ytterbium YBOCS Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale YBV Yug Bogdanovac virus YCB yeast carbon base YCMI Yale Center for Medical Informatics YCT YMCA Cardiac Therapy [program] YCVDS Yugoslavia Cardiovascular Disease Study yd yard YDV yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine YDYES yin deficiency yang excess syndrome YE yeast extract; yellow enzyme YEH 2 reduced yellow enzyme YEI Yersinia enterocolitica infection Yel yellow YEL-AND yellow fever vaccine-associated neurotropic disease YEL-AVD yellow fever vaccine-associated viscerotrophic disease YF yellow fever YFI yellow fever immunization YFMD yellow fever membrane disease YFV yellow fever virus YHAP Yale Health and Aging Project YHV Yaquina Head virus Y2K year 2000 YKV yokapoxvirus YLC youngest living child YLD year lived with disability YLF yttrium lithium fluoride YLL years of life lost YLS years of life saved YM yeast and mannitol; yeast and mold; Young's modulus Y max maximum yield YMB yeast malt broth YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale YMS Young Men's Survey YMTV Yaba monkey tumor virus YNB yeast nitrogen base YNS yellow nail syndrome y/o years old YOB year of birth Y obs observed value YOGV Yogue virus YOKV Yokose virus Yops Yersinia outer membrane proteins YOS Yale Observation Scale YP yeast phase; yield pressure YPA yeast, peptone, and adenine sulfate YpkA Yersinia protein kinase A YPLL years of potential life lost yr year YRBS Youth Risk Behavior Survey YRD Yangtze River disease YRRM Y ribonucleic acid [RNA] recognition motif YS yellow spot; yield strength; yolk sac ys yellow spot; yolk sac YSHR younger spontaneously hypertensive rat YST yolk sac tumor Y73SV Y73 sarcoma virus YT, yt yttrium YTs yoga therapists Y-TZP yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline Y1V Yaba-1 virus Y7V Yaba-7 virus yWACC younger woman with aggressive cervical cancer YWKY younger Wistar-Kyoto rat Copyright © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc All rights reserved Z Z acoustic impedance; atomic number; complex impedance; contraction [Ger Zuckung]; the disk that separates sarcomeres [Ger Zwischenscheibe]; glutamine; impedance; ionic charge number; no effect; point formed by a line perpendicular to the nasion-menton line through the anterior nasal spine; proton number; section modulus; standardized deviate; standard normal score [statistics]; standard score; zero; zone; a Z-shaped incision in plastic surgery Z- zetta-[10 21] Z´, Z″ increasing degrees of contraction z algebraic unknown or space coordinate; axis of a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system; catalytic amount; standard normal deviate; zero z- zepto-[10 -21] Z see zeta ζ see zeta ZAG, ZA2G zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein ZAM Zhao-Atlas-Marks [distribution] ZAP zeta-associated protein [rabbit]; zymosan-activated plasma ZAPF zinc adequate pair-fed ZAPS zonal air pollution system ZAS zymosan-activated autologous serum ZB zebra body ZBG zinc-binding group ZCA zone or cortical abnormality ZCAP zinc-calcium-phosphorous oxide [ceramic] ZCP zinc chloride poisoning ZD zero defects; zero discharge; zinc deficiency Z-D Zamorano-Duchovny [digitizer] ZDDP zinc dialkyldithiophosphate Z-DNA zig-zag (left-handed helical) deoxyribonucleic acid ZDO zero differential overlap ZDS zinc depletion syndrome ZDV zidovudine ZE Zollinger-Ellison [syndrome] ZEBOV Zaire Ebola virus ZEBRA zero balanced reimbursement account ZEC Zinsser-Engman-Cole [syndrome] ZEEP zero end-expiratory pressure ZEGV Zegla virus ZEPI zonal echo planar imaging Z-ERS zeta erythrocyte sedimentation rate ZES Zollinger-Ellison syndrome; Zutphen Elderly Study ZEST Zocor Early Start Trial Z Greek capital letter zeta ζ Greek lowercase letter zeta ZF zero frequency; zinc finger [protein]; zona fasciculata ZFA N-benzyloxcarbonyl Phe-Ala omefluoromethylketone ZFF zinc fume fever ZFP zinc finger protein ZFX X-linked zinc finger protein Zfy zinc-finger [protein] ZG zona glomerulosa ZGM zinc glycinate marker ZIAR zona-induced acrosome reaction ZIFT zygote intrafallopian tube transfer ZIG, ZIg zoster immunoglobulin ZIKV Zika virus ZIP zoster immune plasma ZIRV Zirqa virus zJ zeptojoule ZK Zuelzer-Kaplan [syndrome] ZLS Zimmerman-Laband syndrome Zm zygomaxillare ZMA zinc meta-arsenite ZMC zygomaticomaxillary complex ZN Ziehl-Neelsen [staining] ZNF zinc finger [protein] ZnOE zinc oxide and eugenol ZnPP/H zinc protoporphyrin/heme ratio ZNS zonisamide ZO Zichen-Oppenheim [syndrome]; Zonula occludens; Zuelzer-Ogden [syndrome] Zo impedance; thoracic fluid ZOA zinc orthoarsenate ZOE zinc oxide-eugenol ZOL zoladex Zool zoology ZOT Zonula occludens toxin ZP zona pellucida ZPA zone of polarizing activity ZPC zero point of change ZPG zero population growth ZPO zinc peroxide ZPP zinc protoporphyrin ZPS, Zps zwitterionic polysaccharides ZPT zinc pyridinethione ZR zona reticularis ZRK zona receptor kinase Zr zirconium ZS Zellweger syndrome; Zutphen Study ZSC zone of slow conduction ZSR zeta sedimentation ratio ZSV signature-tagged mutagenesis; zonate spot virus ZT Zwolle Trial ZTS zymosan-treated serum Z-TSP zephiran-trisodium phosphate ZTT zinc turbidity test ZTV Zaliv Terpeniya virus ZVAD N-benzyloxcarbonyl Val-Ala-Asp omefluoromethylketone ZVD zidovudine ZVT cell-binding test [Ger Zehlenver-bindungstest] ZW Zellweger [syndrome] ZWCHRS Zellweger cerebrohepatorenal syndrome ZWOLLE Primary Coronary Angioplasty Compared with Intravenous Streptokinase [trial from Zwolle, The Netherlands] ZWS Zellweger syndrome ZXF zero crossing frequency Zy zygion ZyC zymosan complement zyg zygotene Zz ginger [Lat zingibar] Copyright © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc All rights reserved ...JABLONSKI'S DICTIONARY OF MEDICAL ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS - 6th Ed (2009) Front Matter Title Page Jablonski's Dictionary of Medical Acronyms & Abbreviations 6th Edition Copyright Page... http://www.elsevier.com/Permissions Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jablonski's dictionary of medical acronyms & abbreviations - 6th ed p ; cm Rev ed of: Dictionary of medical acronyms & abbreviations /... Medicine -Abbreviations- Dictionaries Medicine -Acronyms- Dictionaries I Jablonski, Stanley II Dictionary of medical acronyms & abbreviations III Title: Jablonski's dictionary of medical acronyms and abbreviations