tài liệu gồm ngữ pháp nâng cao về câu điều kiện trong tiếng Anh:+ câu điều kiện hỗn hợp+ đảo ngữ câu điều kiện+ những cách diễn đạt khác của câu điều kiện+ bài tập cơ bản và nâng cao có đáp ánhỗ trợ các thầy cô trong việc tìm tư liệu ngữ pháp và bài tập soạn giảnghỗ trợ các con học sinh trong việc nghiên cứu sâu ngữ pháp và có thêm nguồn bài tập phong phú tự luyện sau đó check đáp án
CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES ( CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN HỖN HỢP, ĐẢO NGỮ, CÁC TH NÂNG CAO) A GRAMMAR: Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp : a Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp loại 1: kết hợp câu điều kiện loại câu điều kiện loại – Ta dùng câu điều kiện hỗn hợp loại để diễn tả giả thiết trái ngược với khứ, kết trái ngược với Cấu trúc: If + S + had + P.P (quá khứ phân từ), S + would + V (nguyên mẫu) Egs: If he had worked harder at school, he would be a student now (Nếu anh học hành chăm hơn, giời sinh viên rồi.) If I had taken his advice, I would be rich now (Nếu làm theo lời khuyên anh tơi giàu rồi) a Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp loại 2: kết hợp câu điều kiện loại câu điều kiện loại – Ta dùng câu điều kiện hỗn hợp loại để diễn tả giả thiết trái ngược với thực tại, kết trái ngược với q khứ Cấu trúc: If + S + V (quá khứ) , S + would + have + P.P Egs: If I were you, I would have learned English earlier (Nếu tơi bạn tơi học tiếng Anh sớm hơn.) If he didn’t love her, he wouldn’t have married her (Nếu anh khơng u chị anh không lấy cô làm vợ.) 2.Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện: - Điều kiện loại I: Nếu câu có “should” mệnh đề “if“, đảo “should” lên đầu câu If he should ring , I will tell him the news → Should he ring, I will tell him the news Nếu câu “should”, phải mượn “should” If he has free time, he’ll play tennis → Should he have free time, he will play tennis If she comes early, we’ll start → Should she come early, we’ll start - Điệu kiện loại II: If I were a bird, I would fly → Were I a bird, I would fly They would answer me if they were here → Were they here, they would answer me Cấu trúc: Nếu câu có were mệnh đề” if “ đảo were lên đầu câu bỏ if If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book → Were I to learn Russian, I would read a Russian book If they lived in Australia now, they would go swimming → Were they to live in Australia now, they would go swimming Nếu câu khơng có động từ “were” mượn “were” dùng “ to V” - Điều kiện loại III • Đảo trợ động từ q khứ hồn thành.đảo had lên trước chủ ngưc, bỏ if Ví dụ: If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home → Had it rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home If he had trained hard, he would have won the match → Had he trained hard, he would have won the match Chú ý: Ở dạng phủ định, “not” đặt sau chủ ngữ: Had it not been so late, we would have called you Những cách diễn đạt khác câu điều kiện: *Unless = If …not…: trừ khi/ không… o If you don’t work hard, you can’t earn enough money for your living = Unless you work hard, you can’t earn enough money for your living o Unless we start at once, we will be late = If we don’t start at once we will be late IF UNLESS Khẳng định Khẳng định (động từ mệnh đề đổi sang phủ định) Phủ định Khẳng định (mệnh đề khơng thay đổi) * Even if = Even though: cho dù o You must go tomorrow if you are ready o You must go tomorrow even if you aren't ready * Whether or = If or: Dù có hay không o You must go tomorrow whether you are ready or not o You’ll be late * But for/without: Nếu khơng (But for/without + would + V-inf / would + have + Ved2) o You help me everyday so I can finish my work → But for your daily help, I couldn’t finish my work o She encouraged him and he succeeded →Without her encouragement, he wouldn’t have succeeded o If he had n’t got my book, he couldn’t have written well the thesis -> But for my book, he couldn’t have written well the thesis o If they hadn’t helped me, I wouldn’t have finished that work -> Without their help, I wouldn’t have finished that work - Chú ý: dạng phủ định, “not” đặt sau chủ ngữ: Had it not been so late, we would have called you * Otherwise (or / else ): Kẻo, không (nếu điều không xảy ra) + Clause o We must be back before midnight; otherwise we'll be locked out o I used my calculator; otherwise I would have taken longer o I must be early or (else) we won't get a seat * In case: Trong trường hợp + Clause (chia or khứ or should) dùng để giải thích lí cho mệnh đề o I'll come tomorrow in case Ann wants o You should take umbrella in case it rains *If only: Giá mà → dùng để nhấn mạnh tình mang tính giả thiết A If only + will / – diễn tả hy vọng o If only he comes in time = we hope he will come in time o If only he will listen to her = We hope he will be willing to listen to her B If only + khứ / khứ hoàn thành – diễn tả hối tiếc o If only he didn't smoke = We wish he didn't smoke o If only Tom were here = We wish Tom were here o If only you hadn't made her sad = We are sorry you made her sad C If only + would – diễn tả hối tiếc hành động ước muốn vô vọng tương lai o If only he would drive more slowly o If only the rain would stop Những câu điều kiện bắt đầu liên từ: as long as, assuming (that), even if, on the condition (that), provided/ providing (that), so long as, suppose/ supposing (that) …= if Egs: He’ll definitely win, even if he fails over Anh ta dứt khoát thắng thất bại hết Providing that you clear your desk by this evening, you can have tomorrow off Nếu bạn dọn dẹp bàn bạn tối nay, ngày mai bạn nghỉ Supposing that we miss the train, what shall we do? Cho bị lỡ chuyến tàu, làm gì? They’ll lend us their flat on the condition that we look after it Họ cho mượn hộ họ với điều kiện giữ gìn A PRACTICE: * Ex 1: Give the correct verb form Bring him another if he (not/like) this one She (be) angry if she (hear) this tomorrow Unless you are more careful, you (have) an accident If you (like) , I (get) you a job in this company If grandmother (be) years younger, she (play) some games If the sun (stop) shinning, there (be) no light on earth If I (be) a millionaire, I (live) on Mars Key: Bring him another if he doesn’t like this one She will be angry if she hears this tomorrow Unless you are more careful, you will have an accident If you like, I will get you a job in this company If grandmother were years younger, she would play some games If the sun stopped shinning, there would be no light on earth If I were a millionaire, I would live on Mars * Ex 2: Rewrite sentences using the suggested words I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now If I………………………………… If it hadn’t rained, we would have a better crop But for……………………………………… If you want my advice, I wouldn’t buy it If I ……………………………………… I only come if they invite me Unless……………………… He didn’t revise all his lessons, he failed the exam If he……………………………………………… His sister sent her money, so he continued to study But for………………………………………… The park is over there, only minutes’ walk If you walk……………………………… In case it rains, we’ll stay at home If it…………………………… Key: I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now If I had eaten lunch, I wouldn’t feel hungry now If it hadn’t rained, we would have a better crop But for rain, we would have a better crop If you want my advice, I wouldn’t buy it If I were you, I wouldn’t buy it Unless they invite me, I won’t come He didn’t revise all his lessons, he failed the exam If he had revised all his lessons, he wouldn’t have failed the exam His sister sent her money, so he continued to study But for his sister’s money, he wouldn’t have continued to study The park is over there, only minutes’ walk If you walk to the park, it will take you minutes In case it rains, we’ll stay at home If it rains, we’ll stay at home * Ex 3: Find and correct mistakes Should anyone rang, could you take a message? Were the customers not complained, nothing would have been done Was I a bird, I would fly Unless you don’t have a good command of English, you won't be able to work for this company Were they live in Australia now, they would go swimming Key: Rang ring Were had Was were You don’t have you have Were they live were they to live * Ex 4: Choose the best answer I would have visited you before if there _ quite a lot of people in your house A hadn't B hadn't been C wouldn't be D wasn't If you had caught the bus, you _ late for work A wouldn't have been B would have been C wouldn’t be D would be If I _, I would express my feelings A were asked B would ask C had been asked D asked If _ as I told her, she would have succeeded A she has done B she had done C she does D she did Will you be angry if I _ your pocket dictionary? A stole B have stolen C were to steal D steal You made a mistake by telling her a lie It _ better if you _ to her A would have been/ hadn't lied B would be/ didn't lie C will be/ don't lie D would be/ hadn't lied John would be taking a great risk if he _ his money in that business A would invest B invested C had invested D invests She wouldn't have given them all that money if we _ her to A wouldn’t advise B won't advise C hadn't advised D didn't advise If the tree hadn't been so high, he _ it up to take his kite down A could have climbed B climb C is climbing D climbed 10 If the wall weren't so high, he _ it up to take his ball down A climbed B could climb C is climbing D climb 11 If I _ her phone number, I _ her last night A had known/ could have phoned B knew/ would have phoned C know/ can phone D knew/ could phone 12 If he the truth, the police wouldn’t arrest him A tells B told C had told D would tell 13 If you press that button what _? A would happen B would have happened C will happen D happen 14 She says if she _ that the traffic lights were red she _ A had realized/ would stop B realized/ could have stopped C has realized/ stopped D had realized/ would have stopped 15 I am very thin I think, if I _ smoking, I might get fat A stop B had stopped C will stop D stopped 16 If I _ that yesterday, I _ them A had discovered/ would inform C had discovered/ would have informed D had discovered/ could inform C discovered/ can inform 17 If you _ to the course regularly, they a certificate last year A go/ gave B go/ give C had gone/ would have given D went/ would give 18 I think he is not at home If he _ in, he the phone A was/ answered B were/ would answer C were/ would have answered D.had been/ would have answered 19 If I in London now, I could visit British Museum A were B had been C have been D would be 20 If Columbus _ money from Queen Isabella, he _ across the Atlantic A not receive/ could not sail B had not received/ might not have sailed C did not receive/ might not have sailed D would not receive/ might not sail Key: B A 11 A 16 B A B 12 B 17 C A C 13 C 18 B B A 14 D 19 A D 10 B 15 A 20 B * Ex 5: One of the four underlined parts marked A, B, C, D in each sentence is not correct in standard English Identify them If Lucia had been here now, she would find out the truth about her uncle’s accident A B C D If a student takes a course on Computer Science, it will take him four years doing the course A B C D Unless it did not rain, Peter would pay us a visit A B C D If had I known you were in financial difficulty, I would have helped you A B C D If I had knew the time when the match started, I would have told you A B C D If she had finished the work, she can go home A B C D If I had spoken more confident at the interview, they would have offered me the job A B C D If we had had a map, we would not be lost yesterday A B C D Had I known Alice’s address, I would write to her A B C D 10 If I had realized that the traffic lights were red, I would stop A B C D 11 If had you sent the application form to that company, you would have been offered a job A B C D 12 If you don’t care conservation the environment, we will get unavoidable disasters A B C D 13 He spends money carelessly as if he was a millionaire A B C D 14 Unless you work harder, you will be sack because of your laziness A B C D 15 Unless there had been the heavy storm, the climbers will not have died A B C D 16 She has found that nobody can help her if she did not try her best to it herself A B C D Key: 1.A 2.D 3.A 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.D 9.C 10.D 11.A 12.B 13.D 14.C 15 D 16.C ... Key: B A 11 A 16 B A B 12 B 17 C A C 13 C 18 B B A 14 D 19 A D 10 B 15 A 20 B * Ex 5: One of the four underlined parts marked A, B, C, D in each sentence is not correct in standard English Identify... have died A B C D 16 She has found that nobody can help her if she did not try her best to it herself A B C D Key: 1. A 2.D 3.A 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.D 9.C 10 .D 11 .A 12 .B 13 .D 14 .C 15 D 16 .C ... unavoidable disasters A B C D 13 He spends money carelessly as if he was a millionaire A B C D 14 Unless you work harder, you will be sack because of your laziness A B C D 15 Unless there had been