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Dr Michael Keane, Department of Food Business Development, University College Cork. (Chairman) Dr Seamus O’Reilly, Department of Food Business Development, University College Cork.(Secretary) Dr Duncan Anderson,Department of Agricultural and Food Economics, Queen’s University Belfast. Mr Tom Arnold, CEO, CONCERN. Mr Jim Beecher, Department of Agriculture Food, Dublin. Professor Gerry Boyle, Head, Department of Economics, National University of Ireland Maynooth. Dr Diane Burgess, Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Northern Ireland. Dr AnneMarie Butler, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin. Dr Liam Connelly, Rural Economy Research Centre, Teagasc, Athenry. Professor Michael Cuddy, Department of Economics, National University of Ireland Galway. Dr John Davis, Head, Queen’s University Belfast. Mr Matt Dempsey, Editor, Irish Farmers Journal. Mr Trevor Donnellan, Rural Economy Research Centre, Teagasc, Athenry. Dr Pat Enright, Department of Food Business Development, University College Cork. Dr Thia Hennessy, Rural Economy Research Centre, Teagasc, Athenry. Dr Mary Keeney, Research Division, Central Bank. Professor Alan Matthews, Head, Department of Economics, Trinity College. Dr. Mary McCarthy, Department of Food Business Development, University College Cork. Mr Ian McCluggage, Head of Dairy and Pigs College of Agriculture, Food Rural Enterprise, Greenmount, Co. Antrim. Mr James O’Boyle, College of Agriculture, Food Rural Enterprise, Greenmount, Co. Antrim. Dr Declan OConnor, Department of Mathematics, Cork Institute of Technology. Dr Cathal O’Donoghue, Head of Rural Economy Research Centre, Teagasc, Athenry. Professor Jim Phelan, Department of Agribusiness, Extension and Rural Development, University College Dublin. Dr Dermot Ruane, Department of Agribusiness, Extension and Rural Development, University College Dublin. Dr Laurance Shalloo, Moorepark Food Research Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark. Dr David Stead, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin. Dr Michael Wallace, Department of Agribusiness, Extension and Rural Development, University College Dublin.
16 TH PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL FARM MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION CONGRESS A VIBRANT RURAL ECONOMY – THE CHALLENGE FOR BALANCE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE CORK CORK, IRELAND 15 – 20 JULY 2007 PEER REVIEWED PAPERS VOLUME I OF II EDITORS: SEAMUS O’REILLY MICHAEL KEANE PAT ENRIGHT © 2007 International Farm Management Association ISBN: 978-92-990038-3-1 Volume I of II Printed by: Snap Printing Cork Ireland IFMA16 SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Dr Michael Keane, Department of Food Business & Development, University College Cork (Chairman) Dr Seamus O’Reilly, Department of Food Business & Development, University College Cork.(Secretary) Dr Duncan Anderson, Department of Agricultural and Food Economics, Queen’s University Belfast Mr Tom Arnold, CEO, CONCERN Mr Jim Beecher, Department of Agriculture & Food, Dublin Professor Gerry Boyle, Head, Department of Economics, National University of Ireland Maynooth Dr Diane Burgess, Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Northern Ireland Dr Anne-Marie Butler, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin Dr Liam Connelly, Rural Economy Research Centre, Teagasc, Athenry Professor Michael Cuddy, Department of Economics, National University of Ireland Galway Dr John Davis, Head, Queen’s University Belfast Mr Matt Dempsey, Editor, Irish Farmers Journal Mr Trevor Donnellan, Rural Economy Research Centre, Teagasc, Athenry Dr Pat Enright, Department of Food Business & Development, University College Cork Dr Thia Hennessy, Rural Economy Research Centre, Teagasc, Athenry Dr Mary Keeney, Research Division, Central Bank Professor Alan Matthews, Head, Department of Economics, Trinity College Dr Mary McCarthy, Department of Food Business & Development, University College Cork Mr Ian McCluggage, Head of Dairy and Pigs College of Agriculture, Food & Rural Enterprise, Greenmount, Co Antrim Mr James O’Boyle, College of Agriculture, Food & Rural Enterprise, Greenmount, Co Antrim Dr Declan O'Connor, Department of Mathematics, Cork Institute of Technology Dr Cathal O’Donoghue, Head of Rural Economy Research Centre, Teagasc, Athenry Professor Jim Phelan, Department of Agribusiness, Extension and Rural Development, University College Dublin Dr Dermot Ruane, Department of Agribusiness, Extension and Rural Development, University College Dublin Dr Laurance Shalloo, Moorepark Food Research Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark Dr David Stead, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin Dr Michael Wallace, Department of Agribusiness, Extension and Rural Development, University College Dublin IFMA 16 ORGANISING COMMITTEE JJ Harty, Clonakilty Agricultural College, Teagasc, Cork (Chairman) Michael Keane, Department of Food Business & Development, University College Cork (Vice Chairman) Joe Walsh, Congress Patron Malcom Stansfield, President, International Farm Management Association (IFMA) Tony King, Secretary/Treasurer, International Farm Management Association (IFMA) Colette Collins O’Sullivan, Clonakilty Agricultural College, Teagasc, Cork John Donovan, Agricultural Science Association, Ireland Pat Enright, Department of Food Business & Development, University College Cork Ryan Howard, CEO, East Cork Area Development, Co Cork Jerry McCarthy, CAO, Teagasc, East Cork Mary McCarthy-Buckley, Food Industry Training Unit, University College Cork James Moloney, Regional Education Officer, Teagasc James O’Boyle, College of Agriculture, Food & Rural Enterprise, Greenmount, Co Antrim Mary O'Driscoll Murphy, Clonakilty Agricultural College, Teagasc, Cork Seamus O’Reilly, Department of Food Business & Development, University College Cork Aoife O'Sullivan, Department of Food Business & Development, University College Cork Sean Shermin, Farm Managers Association, Ireland IFMA 16 CONGRESS SECRETARIAT Aoife O'Sullivan, Department of Food Business & Development, University College Cork, Ireland TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME I Theme – The Role of Agriculture in the Rural Economy Changes In Agricultural Industries Bio-Fuel Chains – Analyzing Structure, Options And Impacts - Dautzenberg, Hanf and Jungklaus Challenges Facing Agriculture In New Zealand - Gardner Current Situation And Perspective Of The Horticultural Farms In Bulgaria – Case in the Plovdiv Region - Garnevska, Edwards and Vaughan 17 Food Security: When To Buy Derivative Instruments - Geyser and Cutts 26 The Determinants Of Entry And Exit Decision In Dutch Glasshouse Horticulture - Goncharova and Oskam 37 Policy Assessment And Development By Stakeholders: A Cross-Country Analysis Of National Recommendation On Organic Farming Policy In 11 European Countries - Häring, Vairo, Dabbert and Zanoli 50 The Use Of Technology Assessment (TA) In The Food-Chain From “Farm To Fork” - Larsen, Gylling and Pedersen 59 Changing Perceptions Of The Risk Environment Faced By Commercial Sugarcane Farmers In Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa - Mac Nicol, Ortmann and Ferrer 66 Improving Policy Coherence Between Agricultural And Development Policies - Matthews 74 Market Orientation, Social Embeddedness And Firm Profitability: An Empirical Exploration Of The Us Beef Industry - Micheels and Gow 84 Potential Cost Of Being Less Trade Distorting On U.S Crop Farms - Raulston, Outlaw and Richardson 93 Farmers’ Behavioural Inclinations And Their Influence On The Anticipated Response To The Reform Of The Common Agricultural Policy - Rehman, Garforth, McKemey, Yates and Rana 100 Dairy Farm Business Analysis: Current Approaches And A Way Forward - Shadbolt, Newman and Lines 125 Europe’s Mansholt Plan Forty Years On - Stead 136 i Agricultural & Non-Agricultural Rural Employment In The EU: Issues And Strategies, With Special Reference To Accession & Candidate Countries - Turner and Wibberley 140 Farming In Eastern Germany: From Food To Energy Crop Production? - Zeller and Häring 157 Theme 2: Agrarian Vs Rural: Economies and Settlements Recreating Location From Non-Spatial Data –Sample Size Requirements To Reproduce The Locations Of Farms In The European Farm Accountancy Data Network - Damgaard and Kjeldsen 164 Analysis Of Bean Marketing Channels In Kenya And Tanzania - Korir, Nyangweso, Serem, Kipsat And Maritim 177 Evaluation Of Strategies To Achieve Compliance With A Legal Risk Assesment Document By Farmers In Ireland - McNamara, Phelan, Griffin, Morahan and Laffey 186 Methodological Frameworks For Research And Development On Improving Linkages And The Competitiveness Of Supply Chains - Murray-Prior 195 Household Food Security In Vihiga District, Kenya: Key Determinants Using An Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) - Nyangweso, Odhiambo and Odunga 202 Drivers Of Agricultural Exports In Eastern Africa: Evidence From Kenya, Uganda, And Tanzania - Nyangweso, Odhiambo, Serem, Korir and Kipsat 211 South African Land And Market Reforms: Equity Versus Efficiency - Olubode-Awosola and Van Schalkwyk 221 Linking Rural Economies With Markets – An Institutional Approach - Van Schalkwyk, Kotze and Fourie 229 Review Of Quality Of Life Influential Factors Among Irish Farm Families Reporting Disability - Whelan, Ruane, McNamara and Kinsella 239 Theme 3: Farm Management Case Study Analysis Of The Benefits Of Genetically Modified Cotton - Back and Beasley 247 Customized Commodity Derivatives; An Alternative To Reduce Financial Risks On Farms - Baltussen, van Asseldonk and Horsager 267 What Is The Potential For Precision Agriculture Based On Plant Sensing? ii - Biermacher, Epplin, Brorsen, Solie and Raun 276 A Feasibility Study Of Contract Finishing Of Hogs - Brown, Painter and Ferguson 288 Quantifying The Sources Of Dairy Farm Business Risk And Understanding The Implications for Risk Management Strategies - Chang, Boisvert and Tauer 297 Milk Components And Farm Business Characteristics: Estimation Of Production Functions Versus A Multiple Output Distance Function - Cho and Tauer 308 Productivity And Farm Size - Clark and Langemeier 321 A Model To Evaluate The Feasibility Of GM And Non-GM Co-Existence In Europe At Farm And Collection Firm Level For Maize - Coléno 329 The Value of Pregnancy Testing Spring-Calving Beef Cows - Cook, Biermacher and Childs 338 The Development And Role Of New Farm Management Methods For Use By Small-Scale Farmers In Developing Countries - Dorward, Shepherd and Galpin 348 A Comparative Study Of Variability In Agricultural Enterprises And Fish Farming - Flaten, Lien and Tveterås 359 The Introduction Of A Supply Chain/Consumer Focus In Farmer Controlled Businesses In The UK - Gonzalez-Diaz, Newton and Alliston 370 Achieving Sustained Improvements In Profitability In Beef Enterprises And Regions In South Africa And Australia - Clark, Griffith, Madzivhandila, Nengovhela, Parnell, and Timms 379 Factors Influencing Ear Initiation And Ear Emergence Development Of Perennial Ryegrass Cultivars At Two Different Latitudes - Hurley, O’Donovan and Gilliland 393 Determining Labor Efficiency Of U.S Row Crop Production - Ibendahl and Anderson 403 The Use Of Relevant Cost Analysis To Assess Production Viability Following The Decoupling Of Support Payments In England - Jones 412 Farm Income On Full And Part-Time Farms - 2005 - Kinsella and Moran 422 Strategies Of Polish Farmers – An Attempt Of Classification iii - Majewski and Sulewski 429 Farm Income Risk Assessment For Selected Farm Types In Poland - Majewski, Guba and Was 437 Estimating Input-Specific Recommendations For Technically Inefficient Crop Farmers - Matthews, Grové and Kundhlande 449 Economic Comparison Of Divergent Strains Of Holstein-Friesian Cows In Various Pasture-Based Production Systems - McCarthy, Horan, Dillon, O’Connor, Rath, and Shalloo 459 VOLUME II Early Spring Feeding Budget For Spring Calving Dairy Cows - McEvoy, O’Donovan, Murphy and Boland 474 An Economic Evaluation Of Four Fattening Strategies For Cull Dairy Cows - Minchin, O’Donovan, Kenny, Buckley and Shalloo 481 Factors Underpinning Improved Productivity In The WA Wheat Industry - Murray-Prior, Rola-Rubzen, Martin and Sirisena 488 Labour Productivity – Effects Of Scale, Capital Investment And Adoption Of Novel Technology - O’Brien, Shalloo, O'Donnell, Butler, Gleeson, and O’Donovan 497 Profile Of Labour Demand, Resources And Contribution On Irish Dairy Farms - O’Brien, Gleeson, Ruane, Kinsella and O’Donovan 508 Price Transmission From Market To Farm Gate: An Irish Dairy Study - O’Connor, Keane and Kenneally 518 What Are The Characteristics Of The Irish Dairy Farmers Who Use Profit Monitor? - O’Dwyer and Connolly 529 Understanding Deer Farmers’ Level Of Environmental Awareness - Payne and White 540 Dairy Farm Ownership And Management Structures: Focus Group Research - Payne, Shadbolt, Dooley, Smeaton and Gardner 547 Production Economics And Environmental Impact Of Improved Drip Irrigation And Fertilizer Management In Potatoes - Pedersen, Abrahamsen and Plauborg 556 Dairy Farm Ownership Structures And Their Management: Case Study Research - Reekers, Shadbolt, Dooley and Bewsell 565 An Initial Study Of The Use Made By Suckler Beef Farmers Of Agricultural Contractors In The Republic Of Ireland - Ruane, Fallon, Leahy, and O’Riordan 578 iv Sustainable Family Farming – A Balance Between Economy, Ecology And Commerce - Russell 588 The Historic Residual Return To Farm Land, Labour And Management, Saskatchewan, Canada: 1926-2005 - Schoney 597 Motives For Foreign Investment In Agriculture: Western European Investment In Ukraine - Stange 603 Efficiency Of Rice Farmers In Nigeria: Potentials For Food Security And Poverty Alleviation - Umeh and Ataborh 613 Demand For Multi Peril Crop Insurance: What Role Should Public Policy Play? - Van der Meulen, Van der Meer and Van Asseldonk 626 Differences In Attitude Of Horticultural Entrepreneurs Towards The Introduction Of Reduction Techniques For Pesticide And Nutrients - Van Lierde, Taragola, Vandenberghe and Cools 633 A2 Milk, Farmer Decisions, And Risk Management - Woodford 641 Profitability Of Direct Marketing Farms In The Less Favoured Areas (LFAS): A Case From Northumberland, England - Yagi and Garrod 649 Theme 4: Environment – A Global Resource Determining The Cost Effectiveness Of Solutions To Diffuse Pollution: The Case Of In-Field Mitigation Options For Phosphorous And Sediment Loss - Bailey, Quinton, Silgram, Steven and Jackson 657 Farm Management Implications Of Providing Wet Habitats To Improve Biodiversity - Bailey, Aquilina, Bradbury, Kirby, Lawson, Mortimer, Stoate, Szczur, Williams and Woodcock 665 Economic Effects Of On-Farm Nature Conservation For Dairy Farms - Berentsen 674 The Impact Of The Rural Environmental Protection Scheme On Irish Dairy Farm Performance And The Consequences In A Decoupled World - Breen 682 Recreational Leases As Means To Increase Landowner Income And Enhance Biodiversity: Observations From Illinois, USA - Eberle and Wallace 690 v Modelling Farm-Economic And Environmental Effects Of Reduced Tillage - With Focus On Pesticide Use - Jacobsen and Ørum 697 Measuring Environmental Performance And Value Added Using The Agri-Environmental Footprint Index - Mauchline, Park, Mortimer and Finn 706 Financial Returns From Organic V Conventional Cattle Rearing System - Moran and Connolly 712 An Investigation Into The Determinants Of Commitment To Organic Farming In Ireland - McCarthy, O’ Reilly, O’Sullivan and Guerin 718 Impacts Of CAP Designs On Rural Territories And Their Viability: Simulation Experiments On A Small German Region And Distributive Effects - Osuch, Damgaard, Sahrbacher and Happe 733 An Exploration Of Language For Biodiversity And Regeneration In Australian Agriculture - Scott and Watson 744 Optimal Nitrogen Fertilizer Application And Efficient Water Use - Teweldemedhin, Vijoen, Alemu and Anderson 753 Ecological Effects Of Payment Decoupling In A Case Study Region In Germany - Uthe, Sattler, Reinhardt, Piorr, Zander, Happe, Damgaard and Osuch 761 A Case Based Analysis Evaluating The Financial Contribution To Farm Income Of Entry Level Environmental Stewardship On Upland Farms In England - Wallis and Jones 771 Theme 5: Education and Training Leadership Development In The UK Farming Industry: Outcomes Of A Leadership Programme - Alliston, Gonzalez-Diaz and Norman 783 Evaluation Of A Training Programme Designed To Improve The Entrepreneurial Competencies Of Dutch Dairy Farmers - Bergevoet, Giesen, Saatkamp, van Woerkum and Huirne 788 La Manera: Strategic Farm Management Under Uncertainty In Uruguay - Confore, Cameron and Shadbolt 797 Identifying Training Needs In New Zealand’s Sports Turf Industry - Haydu, Way, van Blokland, Hodges and Cisar 816 Behavioural Factors Affecting The Adoption Of Forward Contracts By Australian Wool Producers - Jackson, Quaddus, Islam and Stanton 826 Investigating Factors Affecting The Forward Pricing Behaviour Of Vaalharts Maize Producers: A vi