reassessing the roles of women as makers of medieval art

Reassessing the Roles of Women as ‘Makers’ of Medieval Art and Architecture Visualising the Middle Ages Edited by Eva Frojmovic, University of Leeds (UK) Editorial Board Madeline H Caviness, Tufts University (USA) Catherine Harding, University of Victoria (Canada) Diane Wolfthal, Rice University (USA) volume 7/I The titles published in this series are listed at brill.nl/vma Reassessing the Roles of Women as ‘Makers’ of Medieval Art and Architecture Volume One Edited by Therese Martin Leiden • boston 2012 Cover illustration: Geometry personified as a woman, north transept, Laon Cathedral © Photo: Vassil This book is printed on acid-free paper Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Reassessing the roles of women as ‘makers’ of medieval art and architecture / edited by Therese Martin   pages cm — (Visualising the Middle Ages ; v 7)  Includes bibliographical references and index  ISBN 978-90-04-18555-5 (hardback set : alk paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-22827-6 (hardback v : alk paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-22828-3 (hardback v : alk paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-22832-0 (e-book) (print) 1. Art, Medieval. 2. Architecture, Medieval. 3. Women artists—Europe— History—To 1500. 4. Women art patrons—Europe—History—To 1500. 5. Art and society— Europe—History—To 1500. 6. Architecture and society—Europe—History—To 1500. I. Martin, Therese, editor of compilation  N5970.R25 2012  704’.0420902—dc23 2012001118 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, IPA, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities For more information, please see www.brill.nl/brill-typeface ISSN 1874-0448 ISBN 978 90 04 18555 (hardback set) ISBN 978 90 04 22827 (hardback vol I) ISBN 978 90 04 22828 (hardback vol II) ISBN 978 90 04 22832 (e-book) Copyright 2012 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA Fees are subject to change CONTENTS List of Color Plates (Full Volume)  ix Color Plates (1–17)  following xii List of Black and White Illustrations (Full Volume)  xiii Acknowledgments  xxxi Contributors’ Biographies  xxxiii Map  xl Volume One Exceptions and Assumptions: Women in Medieval Art History  Therese Martin Part One DISPLAY AND CONCEALMENT The Non-Gendered Appeal of Vierge Ouvrante Sculpture: Audience, Patronage, and Purpose in Medieval Iberia  Melissa R Katz 37 Mere Embroiderers? Women and Art in Early Medieval Ireland  Jenifer Ní Ghrádaigh 93 Erasures and Recoveries of Women’s Contributions to Gothic Architecture: The Case of Saint-Quentin, Local Nobility, and Eleanor of Vermandois  Ellen M Shortell The Roles of Women in Late Medieval Civic Pageantry in England  Nicola Coldstream 129 175 vi contents Part Two OWNERSHIP AND COMMUNITY The Patronage Question under Review: Queen Blanche of Castile (1188–1252) and the Architecture of the Cistercian Abbeys at Royaumont, Maubuisson, and Le Lys  197 Alexandra Gajewski Female Piety and the Building and Decorating of Churches, ca 500–1150  245 Jane Tibbetts Schulenburg ‘Planters of great civilitie’: Female Patrons of the Arts in Late Medieval Ireland  275 Rachel Moss Reception, Gender, and Memory: Elisenda de Montcada and Her Dual-Effigy Tomb at Santa Maria de Pedralbes  309 Eileen McKiernan González Part Three COLLABORATION AND AUTHORSHIP 10 Women as Makers of Church Decoration: Illustrated Textiles at the Monasteries of Altenberg/Lahn, Rupertsberg, and Heiningen (13th–14th c.)  355 Stefanie Seeberg 11 Women in the Making: Early Medieval Signatures and Artists’ Portraits (9th–12th c.)  393 Pierre Alain Mariaux 12 Melisende of Jerusalem: Queen and Patron of Art and Architecture in the Crusader Kingdom  429 Jaroslav Folda 13 Women and the Architecture of al-Andalus (711–1492): A Historiographical Analysis  479 María Elena Díez Jorge contents vii Volume Two Part Four FAMILY AND AUDIENCE 14 Portrayals of Women with Books: Female (Il)literacy in Medieval Jewish Culture  525 Katrin Kogman-Appel 15 Patterns of Patronage: Female Initiatives and Artistic Enterprises in England in the 13th and 14th Centuries  565 Loveday Lewes Gee 16 Concubines, Eunuchs, and Patronage in Early Islamic Córdoba  633 Glaire D Anderson 17 The First Queens of Portugal and the Building of the Realm  671 Miriam Shadis Part Five PIETY AND AUTHORITY 18 Subversive Obedience: Images of Spiritual Reform by and for Fifteenth-Century Nuns  705 Jane Carroll 19 Elite Women, Palaces, and Castles in Northern France (ca 850–1100)  739 Annie Renoux 20 Redressing Images: Conflict in Context at Abbess Humbrina’s Scriptorium in Pontetetto (Lucca)  783 Loretta Vandi 21 Emma of Blois as Arbiter of Peace and the Politics of Patronage  823 Mickey Abel viii contents Part Six MEMORY AND MOTHERHOOD 22 Nimble-fingered Maidens in Scandinavia: Women as Artists and Patrons  Nancy L Wicker 23 The Treasures and Foundations of Isabel, Beatriz, Elisenda, and Leonor: The Art Patronage of Four Iberian Queens in the Fourteenth Century  Ana Maria S.A Rodrigues 24 Liturgy as Women’s Language: Two Noble Patrons Prepare for the End in Fifteenth-Century Spain  Felipe Pereda 865 903 937 Bibliography  989 Index of People  1069 Index of Places  1091 Index of Subjects  1100 List of Color Plates (FULL VOLUME) Volume One Chapter (Martin) Chalice of Infanta Urraca, Real Colegiata de San Isidoro de León, after 1063 Silk and gold embroidery, 11th c (?), lid of the Reliquary of St Isidore, Real Colegiata de San Isidoro de León Chapter (Katz) Virxe abrideira of Allariz, 126os–1270s, Real Monasterio de Santa Clara, Allariz (Ourense), Spain Virgen de los Gozos of Salamanca, fourth quarter of 13th c., Museo de la Catedral, Salamanca, Spain Virgen abridera inmaculada of Cuerva, mid-16th c., ex-coll Convento de la Encarnación de las Carmelitas Descalzas, Cuerva (Toledo), Spain Chapter (Ní Ghrádaigh) Detail, Derrynaflan Paten, 8th c Crucifixion scene, Southampton Psalter, 10th c Cambridge, St John’s College MS C.9, fol 35v Chapter (Shortell) Widows’ donor panels from the Glorification of the Virgin window, ca 1200, Saint-Quentin, former collegiate church St Stephen and Theophilus window, Juliana en route to Constantinople, ca 1200, Saint-Quentin, former collegiate church Chapter (Gajewski) 10. Blanche of Castile and Louis IX in the Bible Moralisée, late 1230s, New York, The Pierpoint Morgan Library, MS M 240, fol 8r Chapter (McKiernan González) 11 Funerary monument of Elisenda de Montcada, detail of the queen from the church front Monastery of Santa Maria de Pedralbes, early 1340s Plate 19 Rabbinic scholar, Catalunya, ca 1330 Manchester, John Rylands University Library, MS heb 6, fol 22v (Photo: John Rylands Library, Manchester) See Kogman-Appel, fig 11 Plate 20 Initial with the female owner at prayer, ca 1240 de Brailes Hours, London, British Library, Add 4999, fol 64v (Photo: British Library) See Gee, fig Plate 21 Initial with William de Brailes “w.de brail’ qui me depeint,” ca 1240 de Brailes Hours, London, British Library, Add 4999, fol 43r (Photo: British Library) See Gee, fig Plate 22 Mechthilt von Stans and the Herzenstausch (fol 9va), Das Leben der Schwestern zu Tưß, ca 1450–1470 (Photo: J Carroll/Stadtsbibiothek Nürnberg) See Carroll, fig Plate 23 Margret von Zurich bathing the Christ Child (fol 29rb), Das Leben der Schwestern zu Tưß, ca 1450–1470 (Photo: J Carroll/Stadtsbibliothek Nürnberg) See Carroll, fig Plate 24 Initial Q, Lucca Passionary C, ca 1110 Lucca, Archivo arcivescovile, Passionary C, fol 76r (Photo: L Vandi/Archivio Storico Diocesano di Lucca) See Vandi, fig 10 Plate 25 Initial D, Lucca Antiphonary, ca 1112 Lucca, Biblioteca capitolare MS 603, fol 154v (Photo: L Vandi/Archivio Storico Diocesano di Lucca) See Vandi, fig 11 Plate 26 Initial L, Lucca Antiphonary, ca 1112 Lucca, Biblioteca capitolare MS 603, fol 140v (Photo: L Vandi/Archivio Storico Diocesano di Lucca) See Vandi, fig 13 Plate 27 Detail of church and bell-tower from a wool soumak weaving on linen warp from Skog, Sweden, 13th c (Photo: The National Historical Museum, Stockholm) See Wicker, fig 12 Plate 28 Detail, processional cross, 14th c (Photo: J Pessoa, Divisóo de Documentaỗóo Fotogrỏfica/Museu Nacional Machado de Castro, Instituto dos Museus e da Conservaỗóo, I.P.) See Rodrigues, fig Plate 29 Reliquary of the Holy Cross, 14th c (Photo: J Pessoa, Divisóo de Documentaỗóo Fotogrỏfica/Museu Nacional Machado de Castro, Instituto dos Museus e da Conservaỗóo, I.P.) See Rodrigues, fig Plate 30 Mary, Queen of Heaven, ca 1470s, Master of the Legend of Saint Lucy (Photo: National Gallery of Art, Washington DC) See Pereda, fig Plate 31 Anunciation and Visitation Lenten Cloth, ca 1470s, attributed to the Master of the Legend of Saint Lucy (Photo: Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid) See Pereda, fig 10 Plate 32 Purification boss, Chapel of the Condestables, after 1482 (Photo: F Pereda) See Pereda, fig 11 ... Photo: Vassil This book is printed on acid-free paper Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Reassessing the roles of women as makers of medieval art and architecture / edited by Therese.. .Reassessing the Roles of Women as Makers of Medieval Art and Architecture Visualising the Middle Ages Edited by Eva Frojmovic, University of Leeds (UK) Editorial Board... City of London.  180 Plan of part of medieval Coventry, showing the pageant route for Margaret of Anjou.  189 Plan of part of medieval Norwich, showing the pageant route for Elizabeth