Mainstreaming Multiple Benefits into Subnational Landuse Planning: for Programmatic REDD+ and Sustainable Landscapes

Conclusion Table 1: Approaches and tools to mainstream multiple benefits and where they can be applied in a land-use planning process TOOLS DEIA SBIA PSP PSIA OSPC LUPIS SIA Multicriteria analysis Impact assessment Abacus SP InVEST ARIES UN-REDD GIS Economic analysis Marxan LUWES LAND-USE PLANNING STEPS IDRIS Commodity Siting Tool Spatial analysis 1) Identify key land-use issues and stakeholders 2) Set sustainable development goals and identify problems to overcome 3) Formulate alternative scenarios for achieving goals 4) Assess impacts of alternative scenarios and select land-use plan REDD+ has the potential to deliver multiple benefits at multiple scales Globally, we can benefit from the mechanism’s contributions to mitigating climate change and biodiversity protection; locally communities can benefit if REDD+ finances pro-poor rural development, sustains ecosystem services, improves forest governance, promotes human rights and facilitates adaptation to climate change The local values of multiple benefits will endure irrespective of secure or substantial REDD+ financing Orienting landscape-level planning initiatives around the delivery of multiple benefits offers a no-regrets approach to REDD+ Land-use planning at the subnational level presents an opportunity to operationalise national REDD+ programmes - including safeguard commitments at a scale large enough to address the governance, market and policy failures that typically underlie the forces driving deforestation and forest degradation Land-use planning approaches and tools can be used for any sustainable development initiative – not just REDD+ REDD+ is, however, an important vehicle for catalysing robust land-use planning processes that engage stakeholders in the tough negotiations necessary for finding a balance between economic, social and environmental objectives across productive landscapes Authors: 5) Select indicators for monitoring impacts Kathleen Lawlor and Steve Swan Kathleen Lawlor is an applied economist, specialising in REDD+ and the monitoring and evaluation of environment and development programmes’ social impacts 6) Implement, monitor, evaluate and adapt land-use plan Steve Swan is a biodiversity conservationist leading the development of SNV REDD+ multiple benefits work Mainstreaming Multiple Benefits into Subnational Land-use Planning: for Programmatic REDD+ and Sustainable Landscapes September 2014 Key messages: ONE Three broad complementary strategies are available to developing countries to meet, or exceed, international commitments on REDD+ safeguards: (1) strengthening country safeguards systems, (2) mainstreaming multiple benefit objectives into national subnational land-use planning and (3) introducing economic incentives for multiple benefits at the level of activity implementation TWO Land-use planning at the subnational level presents an opportunity to operationalise national REDD+ programmes -including safeguard commitments at a scale large enough to address the governance, market and policy failures that typically underlie the forces driving deforestation and forest degradation Table 2: Comparison of land-use planning tools’ required inputs DEIA LUPIS SIA Multi-criteria analysis SBIA PSP PSIA OSPC Impact assessment Abacus SP InVEST ARIES UNREDD GIS Economic analysis Marxan LUWES IDRISI REQUIRED INPUTS Siting Tool Spatial analysis Financesa Time Spatiallyexplicit data Technical expertise Stakeholder participation Facilitation expertise This policy brief is an output of the SNV project ‘Delivering Multiple Benefits from REDD+ in Southeast Asia’, which is part of the International Climate Initiative The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag Contact: Steve Swan sswan@snvworld.org SNV REDD+ Headquarters 5th Floor, Thien Son Building Nguyen Gia Thieu, District Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Telephone: +84 39300668 Fax: +84 39300668 www.snvworld.org/redd High (Red), Medium (Orange), Low (Yellow), Not Required (Grey), and Flexible (Blue) Assessment of finances required considers both cost of tool software (if any) as well as costs of technical expertise, stakeholder participation and facilitation Rey D., Swan S and Enright A 2013 A country-led approach to REDD+ safeguards and multiple benefits SNV Netherlands Development Organisation, Ho Chi Minh City Available from: http://www.snvworld.org/node/7485/z Nepstad D.C., Boyd W., Stickler C.M., Bezerra T and Azevedo A.A 2013 Responding to climate change and the global land crisis: REDD+, market transformation and low-emissions rural development Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 368: 1-14 a Randolph J 2004 Environmental land-use planning and management Island Press, Washington, D.C Lawlor K and Swan S.R 2014 Mainstreaming multiple benefits into subnational land-use planning: Sourcebook for REDD+ and sustainable landscapes SNV Netherlands Development Organisation, Ho Chi Minh City THREE Four main types of methodological approaches can be used to mainstream multiple benefits into subnational land-use planning: (1) spatial analysis, (2) economic analysis, (3) impact assessment and (4) multi-criteria analysis FOUR A sourcebook has been produced by the SNV REDD+ programme which identifies approaches and tools for mainstreaming multiple benefits into subnational planning, with the aim of consolidating the wealth of knowledge and practice that has been developed on the topic of land-use planning in developing countries for sustainable development and REDD+ FIVE The SNV REDD+ programme has developed novel tools to mainstream multiple benefits into subnational planning for REDD+ and sustainable productive landscapes: spatial analysis through an agricultural commodity siting tool (piloting in Indonesia with palm oil) and participatory impact assessment for provincial REDD+ action planning (piloting in Vietnam) Multiple benefits and risks of REDD+ programmes REDD+ is an internationally agreed mechanism for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, as well as conserving and enhancing forest carbon stocks in developing countries During the seven years of REDD+ negotiations, an international consensus has emerged that REDD+ must not only achieve climate change mitigation goals but also contribute to sustainable development by delivering socio-economic and environmental benefits Such benefits include protection of biodiversity, sustained ecosystem services, jobs, income support for the poor, clarification of land tenure and enhanced citizen participation in land-use and socio-economic development decision-making processes Box One categorises and summarises the multiple benefits of REDD+ Equally, it has been widely recognised that, if implemented for carbon-only objectives, REDD+ could also present significant environmental and social risks In recognition that social and environmental risks associated with REDD+ must be addressed (REDD+ does no harm) and that multiple benefits are important and must be achieved (REDD+ does good), Parties to the UNFCCC agreed to a set of seven safeguards for REDD+ at COP 16 in Cancun Maximising the multiple benefits and minimising the risks This consensus that REDD+ should deliver multiple benefits builds on and converges with numerous other international policy commitments and initiatives to promote sustainable development – not to mention countries’ own national socio-economic, environmental and green growth policies Irrespective of secure or substantial REDD+ finance, countries’ own policy goals and international commitments regarding sustainability, biodiversity and human rights will persist Therefore, focusing on multiple benefit strategies should be seen as a no-regrets approach to REDD+ BOX ONE Multiple benefits of REDD+ • Climate change mitigation: greenhouse gas emission reductions and enhanced removals from forestry and other land uses • Pro-poor rural development: REDD+ could provide financial flows to poor rural areas and contribute to sustainable development • Improved forest governance: the REDD+ mechanism’s emphasis on transparency and results could drive changes in governance • Protection of human rights: attention to safeguards places increased pressure on states to respect the human rights of indigenous peoples and local communities • Conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services: protecting forests for carbon can also yield a cascade of other forest benefits • Climate change adaptation: sustaining forests’ food, water and health benefits could help local communities adapt to climate change Three such strategies have been identified for minimising risks and maximising multiple benefits from REDD+:1 (1) Strengthening country-led safeguard systems (2) Mainstreaming multiple benefit objectives into subnational planning (3) Incentivising multiple benefits at the site/project level of activity implementation Approaches and tools for mainstreaming multiple benefits Land-use planning is the process of setting sustainable development goals and figuring out where and what conservation and development activities should be implemented to achieve them Land-use planning is an iterative process with goals revised and steps repeated as new information is gained through consultation and negotiation with stakeholders (Figure 1) Planners can use a variety of tools to generate the analytical products needed to assess land-use issues, compare alternative land-use scenarios and carry out the various steps in a land-use planning process Figure 1: A best-practice land-use planning process3 SIX Implement, monitor, evaluate and adapt land-use plans FIVE Select indicators for monitoring impacts ONE Identify key land-use issues and stakeholders LAND-USE PLANNING PROCESS FOUR Assess impacts of alternative scenarios and select land-use plan TWO Set sustainable development goals and identify problems to overcome Formulate alternative scenarios for achieving goals Spacial analysis Impact Assessment • Commodity Siting Tool • • IDRISI Land Change Modeler Open Standards for the Practice of Conservation • Land-Use Planning for Low Emission Development Strategy (LUWES) • Poverty and Social Impact Analysis (PSIA) • Marxan • • UN-REDD GIS toolbox Participatory Subnational Planning for REDD+ and other Land-Use Programmes (PSP) • Social and Biodiversity Impact Analysis for REDD+ Projects (SBIA) Economic analysis • Artificial Intelligence for Ecosystem Services (ARIES) Multi-criteria analysis • Integrated Valuation of Environmental Services and Trade-Offs (InVEST) • Disaggregated Economic Impact Analysis • RDD Abacus SP • LUPIS Sustainability Impact Asssessment Some of these tools offer both an overall framework for structuring an entire planning process, while other tools are narrower in scope and used to produce discrete analytical products that are considered by planners and stakeholders at specific steps in the planning process (Table One) Each tool has different requirements in terms of (1) finances, (2) time, (3) spatially-explicit data, (4) technical expertise, (5) stakeholder participation and (6) facilitation expertise (Table Two) Mainstreaming multiple benefits into subnational land-use planning Operationalising national REDD+ programmes through land-use planning is increasingly viewed as a means to contribute to, if not catalyse, low-emissions development strategies at the landscape level REDD+ is converging with parallel efforts that seek to transform markets for food, fuel and fibre by engaging large corporate drivers of forest loss in initiatives to transform the way agriculture does business2 (Nepstad et al 2013) The synergies between REDD+’s climate change mitigation potential and sustainable commodity initiatives may best be realised by harmonising these efforts at the subnational or landscape level BOX TWO Approaches and tools for mainstreaming multiple benefits into land-use planning THREE This brief focuses on the second strategy Land-use planning at the subnational level presents an opportunity to operationalise international and national safeguard policy commitments which otherwise would remain principles on paper only A planning approach to implementing national REDD+ programmes, at the scale of subnational administrative units, affords a scale large enough to address the governance, market and policy failures that typically underlie the forces driving deforestation and forest degradation, not to mention marginalisation of the rural poor and biodiversity loss Integrating climate change mitigation objectives into land-use planning at the subnational level presents an opportunity for stakeholders to negotiate a triple bottom line – economic, environmental and social returns across the productive landscape The sourcebook aims to consolidate and make accessible in reference format the wealth of knowledge and practice that has been built on the topic of sustainable land-use planning in developing countries It provides overviews of specific tools that can be used to conduct a land-use planning process for multiple benefit objectives (Box Two) Piloting new tools Four major types of methodological approaches are frequently used in land-use planning: (1) spatial analyses, (2) economic analyses, (3) impact assessment and (4) multi-criteria analyses Spatial analyses focus on mapping and modelling the biophysical (including forest carbon), ecological and demographic features of landscapes to understand multiple benefits and compare options The economic analysis methods include ecosystem services valuation methods as well as tools for opportunity cost analysis Both of these methods are useful for conducting cost-benefit analyses Ecosystem services valuation is an approach for quantifying nature’s contributions to human welfare Opportunity cost analysis quantifies the value of economic activity that would be lost under various land-use scenarios Impact assessment approaches are processes that predict the social and environmental impacts of specific policy options and land-use choices in order to compare alternatives and mitigate risks Multi-criteria analysis is a type of decision analysis that explicitly considers multiple outcomes when considering what decision should be made It also looks to the preferences of stakeholders to determine which criteria are the most important The SNV REDD+ programme has developed a sourcebook,4 which aims to provide guidance on approaches and tools that can be applied to mainstream multiple benefits into subnational land-use planning Under the UN-REDD Programme in Vietnam, SNV has been testing participatory impact assessment methodologies for Provincial REDD+ Action Planning in Vietnam In the southern coastal province of Binh Thuan, Participatory Subnational Planning methods have been applied to assist stakeholders identify drivers, solutions to those drivers and possible social and environmental benefits and risks of implementing these interventions In the Central Highlands province of Lam Dong, similar participatory impact assessment and monitoring methods are being piloted to facilitate a more detailed multi-stakeholder analysis of environmental and social benefits and risks of the province’s draft Provincial REDD+ Action Plan In the Indonesian provinces of North Sumatra and West Kalimantan, SNVs REDD+ Energy and Agriculture Programme (REAP) is testing spatial analysis approaches to land-use planning through an innovative commodity siting tool Province-wide zoning for sustainable expansion of oil palm has been achieved through defining risk categories corresponding with different types of agricultural production systems and forest landscapes Risk indicator mapping identified priority areas for sustainable agricultural expansion which were verified through field assessments SNV is now engaging with smallholder farmers, communities, businesses and local authorities to support interventions, identified through this spatial analysis, to help raise incomes, increase agricultural output and protect forests commitments and initiatives to promote sustainable development – not to mention countries’ own national socio-economic, environmental and green growth policies Irrespective of secure or substantial REDD+ finance, countries’ own policy goals and international commitments regarding sustainability, biodiversity and human rights will persist Therefore, focusing on multiple benefit strategies should be seen as a no-regrets approach to REDD+ BOX ONE Multiple benefits of REDD+ • Climate change mitigation: greenhouse gas emission reductions and enhanced removals from forestry and other land uses • Pro-poor rural development: REDD+ could provide financial flows to poor rural areas and contribute to sustainable development • Improved forest governance: the REDD+ mechanism’s emphasis on transparency and results could drive changes in governance • Protection of human rights: attention to safeguards places increased pressure on states to respect the human rights of indigenous peoples and local communities • Conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services: protecting forests for carbon can also yield a cascade of other forest benefits • Climate change adaptation: sustaining forests’ food, water and health benefits could help local communities adapt to climate change Three such strategies have been identified for minimising risks and maximising multiple benefits from REDD+:1 (1) Strengthening country-led safeguard systems (2) Mainstreaming multiple benefit objectives into subnational planning (3) Incentivising multiple benefits at the site/project level of activity implementation Approaches and tools for mainstreaming multiple benefits Land-use planning is the process of setting sustainable development goals and figuring out where and what conservation and development activities should be implemented to achieve them Land-use planning is an iterative process with goals revised and steps repeated as new information is gained through consultation and negotiation with stakeholders (Figure 1) Planners can use a variety of tools to generate the analytical products needed to assess land-use issues, compare alternative land-use scenarios and carry out the various steps in a land-use planning process Figure 1: A best-practice land-use planning process3 SIX Implement, monitor, evaluate and adapt land-use plans FIVE Select indicators for monitoring impacts ONE Identify key land-use issues and stakeholders LAND-USE PLANNING PROCESS FOUR Assess impacts of alternative scenarios and select land-use plan TWO Set sustainable development goals and identify problems to overcome Formulate alternative scenarios for achieving goals Spacial analysis Impact Assessment • Commodity Siting Tool • • IDRISI Land Change Modeler Open Standards for the Practice of Conservation • Land-Use Planning for Low Emission Development Strategy (LUWES) • Poverty and Social Impact Analysis (PSIA) • Marxan • • UN-REDD GIS toolbox Participatory Subnational Planning for REDD+ and other Land-Use Programmes (PSP) • Social and Biodiversity Impact Analysis for REDD+ Projects (SBIA) Economic analysis • Artificial Intelligence for Ecosystem Services (ARIES) Multi-criteria analysis • Integrated Valuation of Environmental Services and Trade-Offs (InVEST) • Disaggregated Economic Impact Analysis • RDD Abacus SP • LUPIS Sustainability Impact Asssessment Some of these tools offer both an overall framework for structuring an entire planning process, while other tools are narrower in scope and used to produce discrete analytical products that are considered by planners and stakeholders at specific steps in the planning process (Table One) Each tool has different requirements in terms of (1) finances, (2) time, (3) spatially-explicit data, (4) technical expertise, (5) stakeholder participation and (6) facilitation expertise (Table Two) Mainstreaming multiple benefits into subnational land-use planning Operationalising national REDD+ programmes through land-use planning is increasingly viewed as a means to contribute to, if not catalyse, low-emissions development strategies at the landscape level REDD+ is converging with parallel efforts that seek to transform markets for food, fuel and fibre by engaging large corporate drivers of forest loss in initiatives to transform the way agriculture does business2 (Nepstad et al 2013) The synergies between REDD+’s climate change mitigation potential and sustainable commodity initiatives may best be realised by harmonising these efforts at the subnational or landscape level BOX TWO Approaches and tools for mainstreaming multiple benefits into land-use planning THREE This brief focuses on the second strategy Land-use planning at the subnational level presents an opportunity to operationalise international and national safeguard policy commitments which otherwise would remain principles on paper only A planning approach to implementing national REDD+ programmes, at the scale of subnational administrative units, affords a scale large enough to address the governance, market and policy failures that typically underlie the forces driving deforestation and forest degradation, not to mention marginalisation of the rural poor and biodiversity loss Integrating climate change mitigation objectives into land-use planning at the subnational level presents an opportunity for stakeholders to negotiate a triple bottom line – economic, environmental and social returns across the productive landscape The sourcebook aims to consolidate and make accessible in reference format the wealth of knowledge and practice that has been built on the topic of sustainable land-use planning in developing countries It provides overviews of specific tools that can be used to conduct a land-use planning process for multiple benefit objectives (Box Two) Piloting new tools Four major types of methodological approaches are frequently used in land-use planning: (1) spatial analyses, (2) economic analyses, (3) impact assessment and (4) multi-criteria analyses Spatial analyses focus on mapping and modelling the biophysical (including forest carbon), ecological and demographic features of landscapes to understand multiple benefits and compare options The economic analysis methods include ecosystem services valuation methods as well as tools for opportunity cost analysis Both of these methods are useful for conducting cost-benefit analyses Ecosystem services valuation is an approach for quantifying nature’s contributions to human welfare Opportunity cost analysis quantifies the value of economic activity that would be lost under various land-use scenarios Impact assessment approaches are processes that predict the social and environmental impacts of specific policy options and land-use choices in order to compare alternatives and mitigate risks Multi-criteria analysis is a type of decision analysis that explicitly considers multiple outcomes when considering what decision should be made It also looks to the preferences of stakeholders to determine which criteria are the most important The SNV REDD+ programme has developed a sourcebook,4 which aims to provide guidance on approaches and tools that can be applied to mainstream multiple benefits into subnational land-use planning Under the UN-REDD Programme in Vietnam, SNV has been testing participatory impact assessment methodologies for Provincial REDD+ Action Planning in Vietnam In the southern coastal province of Binh Thuan, Participatory Subnational Planning methods have been applied to assist stakeholders identify drivers, solutions to those drivers and possible social and environmental benefits and risks of implementing these interventions In the Central Highlands province of Lam Dong, similar participatory impact assessment and monitoring methods are being piloted to facilitate a more detailed multi-stakeholder analysis of environmental and social benefits and risks of the province’s draft Provincial REDD+ Action Plan In the Indonesian provinces of North Sumatra and West Kalimantan, SNVs REDD+ Energy and Agriculture Programme (REAP) is testing spatial analysis approaches to land-use planning through an innovative commodity siting tool Province-wide zoning for sustainable expansion of oil palm has been achieved through defining risk categories corresponding with different types of agricultural production systems and forest landscapes Risk indicator mapping identified priority areas for sustainable agricultural expansion which were verified through field assessments SNV is now engaging with smallholder farmers, communities, businesses and local authorities to support interventions, identified through this spatial analysis, to help raise incomes, increase agricultural output and protect forests commitments and initiatives to promote sustainable development – not to mention countries’ own national socio-economic, environmental and green growth policies Irrespective of secure or substantial REDD+ finance, countries’ own policy goals and international commitments regarding sustainability, biodiversity and human rights will persist Therefore, focusing on multiple benefit strategies should be seen as a no-regrets approach to REDD+ BOX ONE Multiple benefits of REDD+ • Climate change mitigation: greenhouse gas emission reductions and enhanced removals from forestry and other land uses • Pro-poor rural development: REDD+ could provide financial flows to poor rural areas and contribute to sustainable development • Improved forest governance: the REDD+ mechanism’s emphasis on transparency and results could drive changes in governance • Protection of human rights: attention to safeguards places increased pressure on states to respect the human rights of indigenous peoples and local communities • Conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services: protecting forests for carbon can also yield a cascade of other forest benefits • Climate change adaptation: sustaining forests’ food, water and health benefits could help local communities adapt to climate change Three such strategies have been identified for minimising risks and maximising multiple benefits from REDD+:1 (1) Strengthening country-led safeguard systems (2) Mainstreaming multiple benefit objectives into subnational planning (3) Incentivising multiple benefits at the site/project level of activity implementation Approaches and tools for mainstreaming multiple benefits Land-use planning is the process of setting sustainable development goals and figuring out where and what conservation and development activities should be implemented to achieve them Land-use planning is an iterative process with goals revised and steps repeated as new information is gained through consultation and negotiation with stakeholders (Figure 1) Planners can use a variety of tools to generate the analytical products needed to assess land-use issues, compare alternative land-use scenarios and carry out the various steps in a land-use planning process Figure 1: A best-practice land-use planning process3 SIX Implement, monitor, evaluate and adapt land-use plans FIVE Select indicators for monitoring impacts ONE Identify key land-use issues and stakeholders LAND-USE PLANNING PROCESS FOUR Assess impacts of alternative scenarios and select land-use plan TWO Set sustainable development goals and identify problems to overcome Formulate alternative scenarios for achieving goals Spacial analysis Impact Assessment • Commodity Siting Tool • • IDRISI Land Change Modeler Open Standards for the Practice of Conservation • Land-Use Planning for Low Emission Development Strategy (LUWES) • Poverty and Social Impact Analysis (PSIA) • Marxan • • UN-REDD GIS toolbox Participatory Subnational Planning for REDD+ and other Land-Use Programmes (PSP) • Social and Biodiversity Impact Analysis for REDD+ Projects (SBIA) Economic analysis • Artificial Intelligence for Ecosystem Services (ARIES) Multi-criteria analysis • Integrated Valuation of Environmental Services and Trade-Offs (InVEST) • Disaggregated Economic Impact Analysis • RDD Abacus SP • LUPIS Sustainability Impact Asssessment Some of these tools offer both an overall framework for structuring an entire planning process, while other tools are narrower in scope and used to produce discrete analytical products that are considered by planners and stakeholders at specific steps in the planning process (Table One) Each tool has different requirements in terms of (1) finances, (2) time, (3) spatially-explicit data, (4) technical expertise, (5) stakeholder participation and (6) facilitation expertise (Table Two) Mainstreaming multiple benefits into subnational land-use planning Operationalising national REDD+ programmes through land-use planning is increasingly viewed as a means to contribute to, if not catalyse, low-emissions development strategies at the landscape level REDD+ is converging with parallel efforts that seek to transform markets for food, fuel and fibre by engaging large corporate drivers of forest loss in initiatives to transform the way agriculture does business2 (Nepstad et al 2013) The synergies between REDD+’s climate change mitigation potential and sustainable commodity initiatives may best be realised by harmonising these efforts at the subnational or landscape level BOX TWO Approaches and tools for mainstreaming multiple benefits into land-use planning THREE This brief focuses on the second strategy Land-use planning at the subnational level presents an opportunity to operationalise international and national safeguard policy commitments which otherwise would remain principles on paper only A planning approach to implementing national REDD+ programmes, at the scale of subnational administrative units, affords a scale large enough to address the governance, market and policy failures that typically underlie the forces driving deforestation and forest degradation, not to mention marginalisation of the rural poor and biodiversity loss Integrating climate change mitigation objectives into land-use planning at the subnational level presents an opportunity for stakeholders to negotiate a triple bottom line – economic, environmental and social returns across the productive landscape The sourcebook aims to consolidate and make accessible in reference format the wealth of knowledge and practice that has been built on the topic of sustainable land-use planning in developing countries It provides overviews of specific tools that can be used to conduct a land-use planning process for multiple benefit objectives (Box Two) Piloting new tools Four major types of methodological approaches are frequently used in land-use planning: (1) spatial analyses, (2) economic analyses, (3) impact assessment and (4) multi-criteria analyses Spatial analyses focus on mapping and modelling the biophysical (including forest carbon), ecological and demographic features of landscapes to understand multiple benefits and compare options The economic analysis methods include ecosystem services valuation methods as well as tools for opportunity cost analysis Both of these methods are useful for conducting cost-benefit analyses Ecosystem services valuation is an approach for quantifying nature’s contributions to human welfare Opportunity cost analysis quantifies the value of economic activity that would be lost under various land-use scenarios Impact assessment approaches are processes that predict the social and environmental impacts of specific policy options and land-use choices in order to compare alternatives and mitigate risks Multi-criteria analysis is a type of decision analysis that explicitly considers multiple outcomes when considering what decision should be made It also looks to the preferences of stakeholders to determine which criteria are the most important The SNV REDD+ programme has developed a sourcebook,4 which aims to provide guidance on approaches and tools that can be applied to mainstream multiple benefits into subnational land-use planning Under the UN-REDD Programme in Vietnam, SNV has been testing participatory impact assessment methodologies for Provincial REDD+ Action Planning in Vietnam In the southern coastal province of Binh Thuan, Participatory Subnational Planning methods have been applied to assist stakeholders identify drivers, solutions to those drivers and possible social and environmental benefits and risks of implementing these interventions In the Central Highlands province of Lam Dong, similar participatory impact assessment and monitoring methods are being piloted to facilitate a more detailed multi-stakeholder analysis of environmental and social benefits and risks of the province’s draft Provincial REDD+ Action Plan In the Indonesian provinces of North Sumatra and West Kalimantan, SNVs REDD+ Energy and Agriculture Programme (REAP) is testing spatial analysis approaches to land-use planning through an innovative commodity siting tool Province-wide zoning for sustainable expansion of oil palm has been achieved through defining risk categories corresponding with different types of agricultural production systems and forest landscapes Risk indicator mapping identified priority areas for sustainable agricultural expansion which were verified through field assessments SNV is now engaging with smallholder farmers, communities, businesses and local authorities to support interventions, identified through this spatial analysis, to help raise incomes, increase agricultural output and protect forests Conclusion Table 1: Approaches and tools to mainstream multiple benefits and where they can be applied in a land-use planning process TOOLS DEIA SBIA PSP PSIA OSPC LUPIS SIA Multicriteria analysis Impact assessment Abacus SP InVEST ARIES UN-REDD GIS Economic analysis Marxan LUWES LAND-USE PLANNING STEPS IDRIS Commodity Siting Tool Spatial analysis 1) Identify key land-use issues and stakeholders 2) Set sustainable development goals and identify problems to overcome 3) Formulate alternative scenarios for achieving goals 4) Assess impacts of alternative scenarios and select land-use plan REDD+ has the potential to deliver multiple benefits at multiple scales Globally, we can benefit from the mechanism’s contributions to mitigating climate change and biodiversity protection; locally communities can benefit if REDD+ finances pro-poor rural development, sustains ecosystem services, improves forest governance, promotes human rights and facilitates adaptation to climate change The local values of multiple benefits will endure irrespective of secure or substantial REDD+ financing Orienting landscape-level planning initiatives around the delivery of multiple benefits offers a no-regrets approach to REDD+ Land-use planning at the subnational level presents an opportunity to operationalise national REDD+ programmes - including safeguard commitments at a scale large enough to address the governance, market and policy failures that typically underlie the forces driving deforestation and forest degradation Land-use planning approaches and tools can be used for any sustainable development initiative – not just REDD+ REDD+ is, however, an important vehicle for catalysing robust land-use planning processes that engage stakeholders in the tough negotiations necessary for finding a balance between economic, social and environmental objectives across productive landscapes Authors: 5) Select indicators for monitoring impacts Kathleen Lawlor and Steve Swan Kathleen Lawlor is an applied economist, specialising in REDD+ and the monitoring and evaluation of environment and development programmes’ social impacts 6) Implement, monitor, evaluate and adapt land-use plan Steve Swan is a biodiversity conservationist leading the development of SNV REDD+ multiple benefits work Mainstreaming Multiple Benefits into Subnational Land-use Planning: for Programmatic REDD+ and Sustainable Landscapes August 2014 Key messages: ONE Three broad complementary strategies are available to developing countries to meet, or exceed, international commitments on REDD+ safeguards: (1) strengthening country safeguards systems, (2) mainstreaming multiple benefit objectives into national subnational land-use planning and (3) introducing economic incentives for multiple benefits at the level of activity implementation TWO Land-use planning at the subnational level presents an opportunity to operationalise national REDD+ programmes -including safeguard commitments at a scale large enough to address the governance, market and policy failures that typically underlie the forces driving deforestation and forest degradation Table 2: Comparison of land-use planning tools’ required inputs DEIA LUPIS SIA Multi-criteria analysis SBIA PSP PSIA OSPC Impact assessment Abacus SP InVEST ARIES UNREDD GIS Economic analysis Marxan LUWES IDRISI REQUIRED INPUTS Siting Tool Spatial analysis Financesa Time Spatiallyexplicit data Technical expertise Stakeholder participation Facilitation expertise This policy brief is an output of the SNV project ‘Delivering Multiple Benefits from REDD+ in Southeast Asia’, which is part of the International Climate Initiative The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag Contact: Steve Swan sswan@snvworld.org SNV REDD+ Headquarters 5th Floor, Thien Son Building Nguyen Gia Thieu, District Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Telephone: +84 39300668 Fax: +84 39300668 www.snvworld.org/redd High (Red), Medium (Orange), Low (Yellow), Not Required (Grey), and Flexible (Blue) Assessment of finances required considers both cost of tool software (if any) as well as costs of technical expertise, stakeholder participation and facilitation Rey D., Swan S and Enright A 2013 A country-led approach to REDD+ safeguards and multiple benefits SNV Netherlands Development Organisation, Ho Chi Minh City Available from: http://www.snvworld.org/node/7485/z Nepstad D.C., Boyd W., Stickler C.M., Bezerra T and Azevedo A.A 2013 Responding to climate change and the global land crisis: REDD+, market transformation and low-emissions rural development Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 368: 1-14 a Randolph J 2004 Environmental land-use planning and management Island Press, Washington, D.C Lawlor K and Swan S.R 2014 Mainstreaming multiple benefits into subnational land-use planning: Sourcebook for REDD+ and sustainable landscapes SNV Netherlands Development Organisation, Ho Chi Minh City THREE Four main types of methodological approaches can be used to mainstream multiple benefits into subnational land-use planning: (1) spatial analysis, (2) economic analysis, (3) impact assessment and (4) multi-criteria analysis FOUR A sourcebook has been produced by the SNV REDD+ programme which identifies approaches and tools for mainstreaming multiple benefits into subnational planning, with the aim of consolidating the wealth of knowledge and practice that has been developed on the topic of land-use planning in developing countries for sustainable development and REDD+ FIVE The SNV REDD+ programme has developed novel tools to mainstream multiple benefits into subnational planning for REDD+ and sustainable productive landscapes: spatial analysis through an agricultural commodity siting tool (piloting in Indonesia with palm oil) and participatory impact assessment for provincial REDD+ action planning (piloting in Vietnam) Multiple benefits and risks of REDD+ programmes REDD+ is an internationally agreed mechanism for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, as well as conserving and enhancing forest carbon stocks in developing countries During the seven years of REDD+ negotiations, an international consensus has emerged that REDD+ must not only achieve climate change mitigation goals but also contribute to sustainable development by delivering socio-economic and environmental benefits Such benefits include protection of biodiversity, sustained ecosystem services, jobs, income support for the poor, clarification of land tenure and enhanced citizen participation in land-use and socio-economic development decision-making processes Box One categorises and summarises the multiple benefits of REDD+ Equally, it has been widely recognised that, if implemented for carbon-only objectives, REDD+ could also present significant environmental and social risks In recognition that social and environmental risks associated with REDD+ must be addressed (REDD+ does no harm) and that multiple benefits are important and must be achieved (REDD+ does good), Parties to the UNFCCC agreed to a set of seven safeguards for REDD+ at COP 16 in Cancun Maximising the multiple benefits and minimising the risks This consensus that REDD+ should deliver multiple benefits builds on and converges with numerous other international policy Conclusion Table 1: Approaches and tools to mainstream multiple benefits and where they can be applied in a land-use planning process TOOLS DEIA SBIA PSP PSIA OSPC LUPIS SIA Multicriteria analysis Impact assessment Abacus SP InVEST ARIES UN-REDD GIS Economic analysis Marxan LUWES LAND-USE PLANNING STEPS IDRIS Commodity Siting Tool Spatial analysis 1) Identify key land-use issues and stakeholders 2) Set sustainable development goals and identify problems to overcome 3) Formulate alternative scenarios for achieving goals 4) Assess impacts of alternative scenarios and select land-use plan REDD+ has the potential to deliver multiple benefits at multiple scales Globally, we can benefit from the mechanism’s contributions to mitigating climate change and biodiversity protection; locally communities can benefit if REDD+ finances pro-poor rural development, sustains ecosystem services, improves forest governance, promotes human rights and facilitates adaptation to climate change The local values of multiple benefits will endure irrespective of secure or substantial REDD+ financing Orienting landscape-level planning initiatives around the delivery of multiple benefits offers a no-regrets approach to REDD+ Land-use planning at the subnational level presents an opportunity to operationalise national REDD+ programmes - including safeguard commitments at a scale large enough to address the governance, market and policy failures that typically underlie the forces driving deforestation and forest degradation Land-use planning approaches and tools can be used for any sustainable development initiative – not just REDD+ REDD+ is, however, an important vehicle for catalysing robust land-use planning processes that engage stakeholders in the tough negotiations necessary for finding a balance between economic, social and environmental objectives across productive landscapes Authors: 5) Select indicators for monitoring impacts Kathleen Lawlor and Steve Swan Kathleen Lawlor is an applied economist, specialising in REDD+ and the monitoring and evaluation of environment and development programmes’ social impacts 6) Implement, monitor, evaluate and adapt land-use plan Steve Swan is a biodiversity conservationist leading the development of SNV REDD+ multiple benefits work Mainstreaming Multiple Benefits into Subnational Land-use Planning: for Programmatic REDD+ and Sustainable Landscapes August 2014 Key messages: ONE Three broad complementary strategies are available to developing countries to meet, or exceed, international commitments on REDD+ safeguards: (1) strengthening country safeguards systems, (2) mainstreaming multiple benefit objectives into national subnational land-use planning and (3) introducing economic incentives for multiple benefits at the level of activity implementation TWO Land-use planning at the subnational level presents an opportunity to operationalise national REDD+ programmes -including safeguard commitments at a scale large enough to address the governance, market and policy failures that typically underlie the forces driving deforestation and forest degradation Table 2: Comparison of land-use planning tools’ required inputs DEIA LUPIS SIA Multi-criteria analysis SBIA PSP PSIA OSPC Impact assessment Abacus SP InVEST ARIES UNREDD GIS Economic analysis Marxan LUWES IDRISI REQUIRED INPUTS Siting Tool Spatial analysis Financesa Time Spatiallyexplicit data Technical expertise Stakeholder participation Facilitation expertise This policy brief is an output of the SNV project ‘Delivering Multiple Benefits from REDD+ in Southeast Asia’, which is part of the International Climate Initiative The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag Contact: Steve Swan sswan@snvworld.org SNV REDD+ Headquarters 5th Floor, Thien Son Building Nguyen Gia Thieu, District Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Telephone: +84 39300668 Fax: +84 39300668 www.snvworld.org/redd High (Red), Medium (Orange), Low (Yellow), Not Required (Grey), and Flexible (Blue) Assessment of finances required considers both cost of tool software (if any) as well as costs of technical expertise, stakeholder participation and facilitation Rey D., Swan S and Enright A 2013 A country-led approach to REDD+ safeguards and multiple benefits SNV Netherlands Development Organisation, Ho Chi Minh City Available from: http://www.snvworld.org/node/7485/z Nepstad D.C., Boyd W., Stickler C.M., Bezerra T and Azevedo A.A 2013 Responding to climate change and the global land crisis: REDD+, market transformation and low-emissions rural development Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 368: 1-14 a Randolph J 2004 Environmental land-use planning and management Island Press, Washington, D.C Lawlor K and Swan S.R 2014 Mainstreaming multiple benefits into subnational land-use planning: Sourcebook for REDD+ and sustainable landscapes SNV Netherlands Development Organisation, Ho Chi Minh City THREE Four main types of methodological approaches can be used to mainstream multiple benefits into subnational land-use planning: (1) spatial analysis, (2) economic analysis, (3) impact assessment and (4) multi-criteria analysis FOUR A sourcebook has been produced by the SNV REDD+ programme which identifies approaches and tools for mainstreaming multiple benefits into subnational planning, with the aim of consolidating the wealth of knowledge and practice that has been developed on the topic of land-use planning in developing countries for sustainable development and REDD+ FIVE The SNV REDD+ programme has developed novel tools to mainstream multiple benefits into subnational planning for REDD+ and sustainable productive landscapes: spatial analysis through an agricultural commodity siting tool (piloting in Indonesia with palm oil) and participatory impact assessment for provincial REDD+ action planning (piloting in Vietnam) Multiple benefits and risks of REDD+ programmes REDD+ is an internationally agreed mechanism for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, as well as conserving and enhancing forest carbon stocks in developing countries During the seven years of REDD+ negotiations, an international consensus has emerged that REDD+ must not only achieve climate change mitigation goals but also contribute to sustainable development by delivering socio-economic and environmental benefits Such benefits include protection of biodiversity, sustained ecosystem services, jobs, income support for the poor, clarification of land tenure and enhanced citizen participation in land-use and socio-economic development decision-making processes Box One categorises and summarises the multiple benefits of REDD+ Equally, it has been widely recognised that, if implemented for carbon-only objectives, REDD+ could also present significant environmental and social risks In recognition that social and environmental risks associated with REDD+ must be addressed (REDD+ does no harm) and that multiple benefits are important and must be achieved (REDD+ does good), Parties to the UNFCCC agreed to a set of seven safeguards for REDD+ at COP 16 in Cancun Maximising the multiple benefits and minimising the risks This consensus that REDD+ should deliver multiple benefits builds on and converges with numerous other international policy ... leading the development of SNV REDD+ multiple benefits work Mainstreaming Multiple Benefits into Subnational Land-use Planning: for Programmatic REDD+ and Sustainable Landscapes August 2014 Key messages:... leading the development of SNV REDD+ multiple benefits work Mainstreaming Multiple Benefits into Subnational Land-use Planning: for Programmatic REDD+ and Sustainable Landscapes August 2014 Key messages:... countries for sustainable development and REDD+ FIVE The SNV REDD+ programme has developed novel tools to mainstream multiple benefits into subnational planning for REDD+ and sustainable productive landscapes: