WORLD OF ART EIGHTH EDITION CHAPTER 27 Science, Technology, and the Environment World of Art, Eighth Edition Henry M Sayre Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc or its affiliates All rights reserved Learning Objectives Describe how technological innovation is reflected in the arts Describe some of the ways that artists have helped to shape public perception of the environment Explain how some artists have approached the landscape and environment from a longer or deeper point of view Introduction of • Artists and scientists are sensitive to the events and phenomena of existence, and dedicated to showing the nature of reality • Words like "volume," "space," "mass," "force," "light," "color," "tension," "relationship," and "density" can be used to describe both are and elements of science Introduction of • The development of the railroad changed the way humans perceived speed • J M W Turner's Rain, Steam, and Speed—The Great Western Railway can be seen as a commentary on this transformation J M W Turner, Rain, Steam, and Speed—The Great Western Railway 1844 Oil on canvas 33-3/4" × 4' The National Gallery, London akg-image/National Gallery, London [Fig 27-1] Isambard Kingdom Brunel, Maidenhead Railroad Bridge 1840 Two spans, each 128 ft © Peter Lane/Alamy [Fig 27-2] Technology and the Arts of • Developments and innovations in architecture have consistently been driven by scientific and technological advances The Pont du Gard is one of the great technological feats of Roman times One of the most remarkable architectural and engineering feats of modern times is Kansai International Airport in Osaka, Japan Pont du Gard, near Nỵmes, France Late 1st century BCE–early 1st century CE Height 164' © Walter Bibikow/Getty Images [Fig 27-3] Renzo Piano Building Workshop, Aerial view of Kansai International Airport, Osaka, Japan 1988–94 Photo: Kawaetsu [Fig 27-4] Renzo Piano Building Workshop, International departures lounge, Kansai International Airport, Osaka, Japan 1988–94 Photo: Shunji Ishida [Fig 27-5] Environmental Catastrophe of 10 • Among the most troubling of environmental disasters is climate change, a direct result of pollution and greenhouse gas emissions A series of three sculptures by artist Maya Lin calls attention to this Environmental Catastrophe 10 of 10 • Among the most troubling of environmental disasters is climate change, a direct result of pollution and greenhouse gas emissions Titled Disappearing Bodies of Water, the work consists of layers of white marble carved to represent the diminution of three bodies of water between 1980 and today Maya Lin, Disappearing Bodies of Water: Arctic Ice 2013 Vermont Danby marble, granite base, 4' × 46" × 4' 4" Edition of + AP © Maya Lin Studio, courtesy of Pace Gallery, New York Photograph courtesy of Pace Gallery [Fig 27-18] Art, the Environment, and the Longer View of • Artist Mary Mattingly has created projects designed to show us how we might survive ecological doom • In late July 2013, Mattingly took up residence in her Triple Island on a barren stretch of Manhattan waterfront It consisted of a living space, community garden, and greenhouse Art, the Environment, and the Longer View of • In late July 2013, Mattingly took up residence in her Triple Island on a barren stretch of Manhattan waterfront Each is on its own island constructed on floatbale 55-gallon drums Mary Mattingly, Triple Island 2013 Three interlocking buoyant platforms with gardens, livestock, and functional shelter spaces Courtesy of the artist [Fig 27-19] Art, the Environment, and the Longer View of • Painter Don Gray created a series of paintings titled Nine Stones that use stones as metaphors for the living earth • Robert Smithson, creator of Spiral Jetty, is interested in representing the forces of human-induced environmental entropy Don Gray, Stone #2, from the series Nine Stones 2009 Oil on panel, 23 x 23" © 2009, Don Gray [Fig 27-20] Art, the Environment, and the Longer View of • Spiral Jetty collaborates with entropy by providing a place where, over time, the human works will inevitably succumb to the persistence of natural processes Robert Smithson, Spiral Jetty, Great Salt Lake, Utah April 1970 Black rock, salt crystals, earth, red water (algae), 3' 6" × 15' × 1,500' Collection: Dia Art Foundation, New York Courtesy James Cohan Gallery, New York and Shanghai Art © Holt Smithson Foundation/Licensed by VAGA, New York [Fig 27-21] Art, the Environment, and the Longer View of • Artist Andrea Bowers' work has focused on nonviolent civil disobedience • United States v Tim DeChristopher is a 16-minute video of desert shots and Tim DeChristopher telling his story about his political statement to bid on 22 acres of land that were for auction to be used for oil and gas exploration Andrea Bowers, United States v Tim DeChristopher 2010 Single-channel HD video, color with sound, 16 15 sec looped Utah Museum of Fine Arts Courtesy of Susanne Vielmetter, Los Angeles Projects [Fig 27-22] The Critical Process • Thinking about Science, Technology, and the Environment Since 2005, New York artist David Brooks has studied the evolution of the local armored catfish populations His sculpture Imbroglios (A Phylogenetic Tree, from Homo Sapiens to Megalops Atlanticus) raises the question, "What is the relationship between the tarpon and humankind?" David Brooks, Imbroglios (A Phylogenetic Tree, from Homo Sapiens to Megalops Atlanticus) 2012 Fiberglass, gelcoat, MDF, pencil, hardware, x 12 x 21' Courtesy of the artist and American Contemporary, New York © David Brooks [Fig 27- Thinking Back Describe how technological innovation is reflected in the arts Describe some of the ways that artists have helped to shape public perception of the environment Explain how some artists have approached the landscape and environment from a longer or deeper point of view ... 3/4" Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York Rogers Fund, 1907 123 © 2015 Image copyright Metropolitan Museum of Art/ Art Resource/Scala, Florence [Fig 27- 8] Nature and Industry of • Thomas Moran's... Cleveland Museum of Art Bequest of James Parmelee, 1940.782 Photo © Cleveland Museum of Art [Fig 27- 11] Nature and Industry of • Contemporary photographer LaToya Ruby Frazier's work is testament to... environment • Over the course of the last decade, Matthew Ritchie created a number of video and sculpture installations inspired by the collapse or malfunction of manmade systems Environmental