World off art 8th edtion by henry m sayre chapter 17

WORLD OF ART EIGHTH EDITION CHAPTER 17 The Age of Faith World of Art, Eighth Edition Henry M Sayre Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc or its affiliates All rights reserved Learning Objectives of Describe the principal architectural and decorative features of early Christian and Byzantine places of worship Explain the origins of the mosque and describe its chief features Describe the chief characteristics of the Carolingian, Romanesque, and Gothic styles Learning Objectives of Describe how Indian art and architecture reflect the Hindu religion, and how the Buddhist faith is evident in the arts of China and Japan Describe some of the characteristic works of the Ife, Shona, and Zagwe cultures Introduction • The Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem marks the intersection of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam  It marks the original site of the Temple of Solomon  Its circular ambulatory is an early example of Muslim architecture  The influence of these three religions marked an age of faith The Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem Founded 3rd century BCE, enlarged ca 150–50 BCE Shrine height 50', diameter 105' © Ivan Vdovin/Alamy [Fig 17-1] Early Christian and Byzantine Art of • With the conversion of Constantine to Christianity, Christian places of worship were designed to be as different from Classical temples as possible  The basilica plan used for public buildings provided a base • Santa Costanza was a mausoleum built in a circular shape with a dome supported with a barrel vault Santa Costanza, Rome ca 354 CE © 2015 Photo Scala, Florence [Fig 17-2] Early Christian and Byzantine Art of • Emperor Justinian assumed the throne in 527 and commissioned the church of Hagia Sophia  Its shape is a dome supported by four curved pendentives  The interior features mosaics, tiles or glass arranged in an image or pattern • Many of these were destroyed when iconoclasts scourged Byzantine art Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus, Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, and plan 532–37 Photo: Ayhan Altun/Altunimages [Fig 17-3a] Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus, Plan of Hagia Sophia, Istanbul 532–37 Photo: Ayhan Altun/Altunimages [Fig 17-3b] Guo Xi, Early Spring Northern Song dynasty, 1072 Hanging scroll, ink, and slight color on silk, length 60" Collection of the National Palace Museum, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C © Corbis [Fig 17-28] Japan of • Japanese society practiced Shinto until the sixth century CE, when the cultural influence of China and Korea brought Buddhism to the fore  Many temples and monasteries were constructed  Todaiji temple, the largest wooden structure in the world when it was built, houses the bronze Great Buddha Todaiji temple, Nara, Japan 752, reconstructed 1709 © Sakamoto Photo Research Laboratory/Corbis [Fig 17-29] Japan of • The Heian period marked an era of elegance as well as a secular court • Samurai clans became more and more powerful until they established the Kamakura period during the twelfth century Japan of • In 1557, Go Shirawaka recruited the Minamoto clan to stage a coup against the emperor, an event recorded in Night Attack on the Sanjo Palace  Chaos and violence are depicted through sweeping linear ribbons • Warriors wore yoroi of iron and leather scales that were decorated with multicolored designs Night Attack on the Sanjo Palace (detail), from the Scrolls of Events of the Heiji Period Kamakura period, late 13th century Handscroll, ink and colors on paper, 16-1/4" × 22' 11-1/2" Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Fenollosa-Weld Collection, 11.4000 Photo © 2015 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston [Fig 17-30] Armor (yoroi) Late Kamakura period, early 14th century Lacquered iron and leather, silk, stenciled leather, copper-gilt, height 37-1/2", weight 38 lb oz Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York The Cultures of Africa of • The Ife culture produced naturalistic brass sculptures of its rulers by the mid-twelfth century  Head of a King (Oni) shows parallel lines of scarification along with other adornment emphasizing the head as the home of a person's spirit Head of a King (Oni), Ife culture, Nigeria ca 13th century Brass, height 11-7⁄16" Museum of Ife Antiquities, Ife, Nigeria Photo © Dirk Bakker/Bridgeman Images [Fig 17-32] The Cultures of Africa of • The Shona people of the southwestern African coast built a civilization about 1100 that traded copper and gold for goods from Asia and the Middle East  Massive stone buildings and walls of Great Zimbabwe covered one square mile and included several ceremonial platforms decorated with geometric patterns, as well as carved bird monoliths Bird carved from soapstone, Great Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe ca 1200–1400. Height 13-1/2", atop a stone monolith, total height 5' 4" Great Zimbabwe Site Museum, Zimbabwe © Colin Haskins/Alamy [Fig 17-33] The Cultures of Africa of • In East Africa, the Zagwe dynasty was responsible for carving massive churches into soft rock  The church at Lalibela was conceived ahead of time by engineers who had to consider decorative designs  The inside was hollowed into rooms for the use of Christian worship and study Beta Ghiorghis (House of St George), Lalibela, Ethiopia 13th century © Kazuyoshi Nomachi/HAGA/Image Works [Fig 17-34] Thinking Back of Describe the principal architectural and decorative features of early Christian and Byzantine places of worship Explain the origins of the mosque and describe its chief features Describe the chief characteristics of the Carolingian, Romanesque, and Gothic styles Thinking Back of Describe how Indian art and architecture reflect the Hindu religion, and how the Buddhist faith is evident in the arts of China and Japan Describe some of the characteristic works of the Ife, Shona, and Zagwe cultures ... cut ceramic, 11' 3" × 7' 6" Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York Harris Brisbane Dick Fund, 19.20 © 2015 Image copyright Metropolitan Museum of The Rise of Islam of • The spread of Muslim impacted... inscriptions from the Qur'an Courtyard of the Great Mosque of Damascus 705–16 Photo: Christopher Rennie, Robert Harding World Imagery [Fig 17- 9] Tile mosaic mihrab, from the Madrasa Imami, Isfahan,... 547. Mosaic, each 8' 8" × 12' CAMERAPHOTO Arte, Venice [Fig 17- 8] The Rise of Islam of • Islam began with Muhammad's writing down "recitations" from God into the Qur'an  Islam literally means