Think critically 3rd edtion facione gittens 2016 chapter 02

© 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc Chapter Critical Thinking Mindset and Skills THINK CRITICALLY, FACIONE & GITTENS © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc Learning Outcomes • Contrast the positive vs the negative critical thinking mindset Describe four specific ways a person can continuously cultivate a positive critical thinking mindset • Write a set of investigative questions about a current event or topic of broad interest such that the questions engage each of the six core critical thinking skills THINK CRITICALLY, FACIONE & GITTENS © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc Learning Outcomes • As a study aid, outline the organization of this book focusing on which skills or parts of the critical thinking process are emphasized in each chapter Describe how you anticipate applying those skills, including the art of asking good questions, to the other courses you are taking now or expect to be taking soon THINK CRITICALLY, FACIONE & GITTENS © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc Chapter Opening Video THINK CRITICALLY, FACIONE & GITTENS © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc Positive Critical Thinking Habits of Mind • • • • The spirit of a strong critical thinker Positive vs negative habits of mind Preliminary self-assessment Research on the positive critical thinking mindset • Is a good critical thinker automatically a good person? • Cultivate a positive critical thinking mindset THINK CRITICALLY, FACIONE & GITTENS © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc The Spirit of a Strong Critical Thinker • Critical thinking - A person’s approach to problems, decisions, questions, and issues THINK CRITICALLY, FACIONE & GITTENS © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc Positive Vs Negative Habits of Mind • Mental habits are formed by the combination of values, beliefs, and intentions – Disposes a person towards critical thinking • Strong disposition • Weak disposition THINK CRITICALLY, FACIONE & GITTENS © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc Preliminary Self - Assessment • Critical thinking mindset self-rating form – Helps individuals reflect on their values, beliefs, and intentions about the use of critical thinking THINK CRITICALLY, FACIONE & GITTENS © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc Research on the Positive Critical Thinking Mindset • Seven positive critical thinking habits of mind – The research aimed to identify the elements in a positive critical thinking mindset • Negative habits of mind – Some people are ambivalent or negatively disposed on one or more of the positive critical thinking habits THINK CRITICALLY, FACIONE & GITTENS © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc The Jury is Deliberating • In the movie 12 Angry Men, the jury deliberates the guilt or innocence of a young man accused of murder • A good jury is the embodiment of good critical thinking that a group of people practice THINK CRITICALLY, FACIONE & GITTENS © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc Critical Thinking Skills Fire in Many Combinations • Critical thinking involves using expert skills in the process of making a reflective, purposeful judgment • Interaction of critical thinking skills in reallife problem solving – Begin with an analysis, an interpretation, an inference, or an evaluation – Self-regulation is used to check for accuracy THINK CRITICALLY, FACIONE & GITTENS © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc Core Critical Thinking Skills Interact THINK CRITICALLY, FACIONE & GITTENS © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc Strengthening our Core Critical Thinking Skills • Success of critical thinking depends on making well-reasoned, reflective judgments to: – Solve problems – Make decisions effectively THINK CRITICALLY, FACIONE & GITTENS © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc Questions to Fire Up Our Critical Thinking Skills Interpretation What does this mean? What’s happening? How can we make sense out of this? Analysis Please tell us again your reasons for making that claim What are the arguments pro and con? What is your conclusion? THINK CRITICALLY, FACIONE & GITTENS © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc Questions to Fire Up Our Critical Thinking Skills Inference What does this evidence imply? What are the consequences of doing things that way? What are some alternatives we haven’t yet explored? Evaluation How credible is that claim? Do we have our facts right? Why we think we can trust what this person claims? THINK CRITICALLY, FACIONE & GITTENS © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc Questions to Fire Up Our Critical Thinking Skills Explanation Please tell us how you conducted that analysis What were the specific findings/results of the investigation? How did you come to that interpretation? Self-Regulation How good is our evidence? How good was our methodology, and how did we follow it? OK, before we commit, what are we missing? THINK CRITICALLY, FACIONE & GITTENS © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc The Art of the Good Question • Asking good questions is an effective way to: – Gather important information about a topic – Probe unspoken assumptions – Clarify issues – Explore options THINK CRITICALLY, FACIONE & GITTENS © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc Skills and Subskills Defined Skill Subskill Interpretation Categorize, Decode significance, Clarify meaning Analysis Examine ideas, Identify arguments, Identify reasons and claims Inference Query evidence, Conjecture alternatives, Draw conclusions using inductive or deductive reasoning THINK CRITICALLY, FACIONE & GITTENS © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc Skills and Subskills Defined Skill Evaluation Subskill Assess credibility of claims, Assess quality of arguments that were made using inductive or deductive reasoning Explanation State results, Justify procedures, Present arguments Self-Regulation Self-monitor, Self-correct THINK CRITICALLY, FACIONE & GITTENS © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc Discussion Question • The U.S Supreme Court ruled that a family owned corporation does not have to pay for contraceptive options on the basis of their religious beliefs – Discuss what the ruling means, its potential implications, and the positive or negative practical impact of this ruling on the lives of people THINK CRITICALLY, FACIONE & GITTENS © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc Looking Ahead Chapters Overview 1&2 Equates critical thinking process with thoughtful problem solving and fair-minded decision making Five-step critical thinking process for problem solving Interpretation of an argument Analysis of an argument THINK CRITICALLY, FACIONE & GITTENS © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc Looking Ahead Chapters Overview to Evaluation - Assessment of credibility of individual claims and evaluation of the quality of arguments 10 & 11 Strengthening self regulation skills 12 to 14 Inference and explanation 15 Writing sound and effective arguments 16 Connects critical thinking with ethical decision making THINK CRITICALLY, FACIONE & GITTENS © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc Looking Ahead Chapters 17 Overview Builds on valid inferences 18 Includes engaging in social science inquiry into human behavior and applying social science findings to problems in professional fields 19 Critical thinking in systematic natural science inquiry is manifested into the causal explanations for the observed patterns, structures, and functions of natural phenomena from the subatomic to the galactic THINK CRITICALLY, FACIONE & GITTENS © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc Sketchnote Video THINK CRITICALLY, FACIONE & GITTENS © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc ... Positive Critical Thinking Mindset THINK CRITICALLY, FACIONE & GITTENS © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc Critical Thinking Habits of Mind THINK CRITICALLY, FACIONE & GITTENS © 2016 by Pearson Education,... CRITICALLY, FACIONE & GITTENS © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc Chapter Opening Video THINK CRITICALLY, FACIONE & GITTENS © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc Positive Critical Thinking Habits of Mind... FACIONE & GITTENS © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc Core Critical Thinking Skills Interact THINK CRITICALLY, FACIONE & GITTENS © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc Strengthening our Core Critical Thinking