Generating Forest Biomass Carbon Stock Estimates for Mapping the Potential of REDD+ to Deliver Biodiversity Conservation in Vietnam

Generating Forest Biomass Carbon Stock Estimates for Mapping the Potential of REDD+ to Deliver Biodiversity Conservation in Vietnam Benktesh D Sharma, Vu Tan Phuong & Steven R Swan September 2013 SNV REDD+ www.snvworld.org/redd Acknowledgements The forest biomass carbon stock density estimates summarised in this report were commissioned by SNV – The Netherlands Development Organisation as part of the project ‘Exploring Mechanisms to Promote High-Biodiversity REDD+: Piloting in Vietnam’ (HB-REDD) Initial estimates were prepared by Green Field Consulting Co Ltd., in collaboration with the Research Centre for Forest Ecology and Environment (RCFEE), with technical assistance from the United Nations Environment Programme – World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) as part of the REDD+ Policy Assessment Center (REDD-PAC) project Both the HB-REDD and REDD-PAC projects are part of the International Climate Initiative The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag This report documents methods and results of basic nationwide forest biomass carbon stock estimation as a contribution to the preliminary spatial analysis of potential for REDD+ to deliver biodiversity conservation in Vietnam (Mant et al 2013) Thanks to Florian Werner, of Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), who provided comments on a draft version of the report Disclaimer The forest biomass carbon stock density estimates and accompanying tables presented in this report were produced using publicly available data and reports available at the time of analysis This report does not present any official assessment or statement on Vietnam’s forest biomass carbon on the part of the Government of Vietnam or any other entity The analysis reported herein was conducted as a contribution to preliminary spatial analyses of the potential for REDD+ to deliver biodiversity conservation in Vietnam (see Mant et al 2013) The results are for illustrative purposes only, with a view to stimulating further work on estimating and mapping biomass carbon stock density for REDD+ planning purposes in Vietnam The example results here are not intended to promote any particular process or approach to REDD+ in Vietnam The outputs cannot be applied as a basis for establishing reference levels or to meet the detailed requirements for measuring, reporting and verification of greenhouse gas emission reductions or enhanced removals under the National REDD+ Action Programme Authors: B Sharma Participatory Forest Monitoring Advisor, SNV - The Netherlands Development Organisation, San Francisco Vu Tan Phuong Director, Research Centre for Forest Ecology & Environment, Vietnam Forest Science Institute, Hanoi S Swan Senior REDD+ Advisor, SNV - The Netherlands Development Organisation, Hanoi Citation: Sharma, B.D., Vu Tan Phuong & S.R Swan (2013) Generating Forest Biomass Carbon Stock Estimates for Mapping the Potential of REDD+ to deliver biodiversity conservation in Vietnam SNV – The Netherlands Development Organisation, Ho Chi Minh City SNV REDD+ www.snvworld.org/redd Table of Contents Page Acknowledgements Abbreviations Summary Introduction 1.1 Aims 1.2 Scope 1.3 Review of forest biomass carbon stock estimation in Vietnam Methods 2.1 Overview 2.2 Data availability 2.2.1 Wood volume estimation 2.2.2 Biomass expansion factors 2.3 Method used for Tier type forest biomass carbon estimation 2.3.1 Forest stratification and area estimation 11 2.3.2 Estimation of forest biomass 11 2.3.3 Estimation of forest biomass carbon stock density 12 Results and Discussion 13 List of tables and figures: Table Mean value of wood volume (m3 ha-1) by forest strata in 2001-2005 Table Biomass Expansion Factor for different forest types in Vietnam using 2001-2005 inventory data on wood volume Table Forest area by forest stratum in 2005 11 Table Estimated biomass carbon stock by forest types in 2005 13 Figure Simple methodological framework used to estimate forest biomass carbon densities Rectangles depict process while parallelograms depict specific outputs or inputs to these processes 10 Figure Tier 2-type forest biomass carbon map for Vietnam, 2001-2005 14 Figure Tier 1-type forest biomass carbon map for Vietnam, c 2000 15 Figure Average land cover carbon density by km pixel in Vietnam, 2000 16 SNV REDD+ www.snvworld.org/redd Abbreviations AGB above-ground biomass BEF biomass expansion factors BGB below-ground biomass FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation FIPI Forest Planning and Inventory Institute FRA Forest Resource Assessment FSIV Forest Science Institute of Vietnam GHG greenhouse gas GPG Good Practice Guidance IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LULUCF land use, land-use change and forestry NFIMAP National Forest Inventory, Monitoring and Assessment Programme NRAP National REDD+ Action Programme RCFEE Research Centre for Forest Ecology and Environment REDD+ SNV REDD+ Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries www.snvredd.com Summary This report presents a simple approach to estimating the biomass carbon stock density for an area based on publicly available information such as timber volumes and forest area, as applied in a recent effort to map the potential for REDD+ to deliver biodiversity conservation in Vietnam The procedure presented here combines remote sensing products and forest inventory data in deriving forest biomass carbon estimates as a contribution to prioritising areas for future REDD+ activities under the National REDD+ Action Programme (NRAP) The approaches used in deriving these estimates can also be replicated for smaller spatial units, such as provincial or forest management unit levels, and could be extended to include other forest carbon pools that have not been included in this study A summary of methods used to estimate forest biomass carbon stock density in above - and below - ground pools is presented for Vietnam for the period 2000-2005 The results, using ‘Tier 2’ national forest cover and wood volume datasets, estimated that in 2005, Vietnam’s c 12 million of forest contained about 1.2 billion tonnes of biomass carbon, distributed across 12 broad ecological forest types, at mean a stocking density of 105 tC ha-1 varying considerably across forest types with lowest carbon stock density in bamboo forest and highest in evergreen broadleaved forests The forest carbon density maps produced by the methods reported herein were used to explore the spatial relationship with the distribution of biological diversity in Vietnam This preliminary analysis of REDD+ potential to deliver biodiversity conservation in Vietnam is presented in a companion report (Mant et al 2013) as an example of mapping multiple benefits of REDD+ to aid decision makers’ planning and prioritise actions and locations as part of the NRAP The methods used to derive forest biomass carbon estimate from publicly available information presented here can be used to generate forest carbon estimates for smaller geographical units such as for provinces, districts and forest management units by using more accurate forest inventory data, specific wood density values and more accurate root:shoot ratios as they become available SNV REDD+ www.snvredd.com Introduction 1.1 Aims This report has been prepared to accompany the preliminary analysis of mapping the potential for REDD+1 to deliver biodiversity conservation in Vietnam (Mant et al 2013) The purpose of this report is to make publicly available the methods and data sources used in estimating forest biomass carbon maps used in this analysis of the spatial relationship between forest biomass carbon and biodiversity in Vietnam The forest biomass carbon estimates used the latest information publicly available in 2011, i.e the third cycle of the National Forest Inventory, Monitoring and Assessment Programme (NFIMAP III - 2001 to 2005) The method of biomass carbon stock estimation reported here can be used with updated data in the future, i.e the 2006-2010 NFIMAP IV The approach may also be used to assess the forest biomass carbon stock density at smaller spatial scale such as provinces or individual forest management units 1.2 Scope The estimation of forest biomass carbon stocks for carbon stock density mapping in this report focus only on above-ground biomass (AGB) and belowground biomass (BGB) of live trees The other Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)-recognised carbon pools in the forest ecosystem dead wood, litter and soils - are excluded However, the methods illustrated here can accommodate other carbon pool data in future estimates Indeed, global soil carbon datasets were initially explored by this study as a contribution to forest carbon stock estimates for Vietnam.A global map of terrestrial soil carbon stocks (Scharlemann et al in prep.), based on up-to-date composite datasets summarized in the Harmonized World Soil Database, was reviewed but not incorporated with forest biomass carbon maps for Vietnam under this study, since the coarse resolution of the global soil data would have obscured the detailed spatial pattern for biomass carbon distribution obtained from the national data NFIMAP III data biomass carbon (Mant et al 2013) 1.3 Review of forest biomass carbon stock estimation in Vietnam There are a few existing estimations of forest biomass carbon stock in Vietnam The Vietnam National report on Greenhouse Gases (GHG) Inventory for 1994 (MONRE 2003), and the National Communication to the United Nation Framework on Climate Change of 2000 (MONRE 2010) estimated emissions in land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) Since 2005, the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations has been providing estimates for forest biomass carbon stock in its Forest Resource Assessment (FRA) reports The Vietnam FRA Reports from 2005 and 2010 included an estimate of forest biomass carbon stock Both these reports utilised approaches 1 Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries; and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change SNV REDD+ www.snvworld.org/redd following IPCC Good Practice Guidance (GPG) (IPCC 2006) for estimating biomass carbon and used the suggested default values wherever relevant At the start of the REDD+ readiness process in Vietnam, SNV created maps of forest biomass carbon stock density as part of an initial attempt to map the potential for REDD in Vietnam (Holland & McNally 2009) This analysis used the Vegetation Continuous Fields remote sensing product to create maps of forest cover and forest cover change Forest carbon maps were derived from an IPCC Tier Global Biomass Carbon Map (Ruesch and Gibbs 2000) to identify priority areas for REDD activities This report presented a biomass carbon stock density map for all Vietnam for the first time, using a forest cover map from 2001 and 2005 (NFIMAP III) In 2009, Danish Technical Assistance in the Development of the National REDD Programme of Vietnam also produced estimates of forest biomass carbon (Raae et al 2010) With respect to estimation of spatially explicit biomass carbon stock of planted forests in Vietnam, there are several studies on forest biomass and carbon sequestration in Vietnam These studies have mainly been implemented by the Forest Science Institute of Vietnam (FSIV) Detailed biomass and carbon stock data for major plantations species i.e three pine species (Pinus massoniana; P merkusii; and P keysia); three species of acacia (Acacia mangium; A auriculiformis; A hybrid (mangium x auriculiformis); Eucalyptus urophylla; and Mangletia glauca are available (Vu Tan Phuong 2010; Vo Dai Hai et al 2010) A few studies on biomass and carbon stock have also been carried out in the Central Highlands, focussing on estimation of biomass and carbon stocks for evergreen, semi-evergreen and deciduous forests (Bao Huy et al 2012, and Vo Dai Hai et al 2013) Studies to date offer limited information on forest biomass and carbon stocks in Vietnam’s natural forests Biomass and carbon estimations are mostly based on coarse resolution data resembling Tier 12 approach of the IPCC The values applicable in the Tier approach are generally not specific to Vietnam and may not be suitable for drawing inference on forest carbon stocks for broader forest types because the default values used have large degrees of uncertainty The maps produced by the present study used the most recent publicly available forest cover information, and specific allometric relationships for different forest types in Vietnam, to come up with a Tier 23 level estimate of forest carbon stock density 2 Tier - approach employs the basic methods and default emission factors provided in the IPCC Guidelines (Workbook and Reference Manual) A Tier approach uses activity data that are spatially coarse, such as nationally or globally available estimates of deforestation rates, agricultural production statistics, and global land cover maps (IPCC 2006) 3 Tier - approach can use the same methodological approach as Tier 1, but uses emission factors and activity data that are defined by the country for the most important land uses/activities Higher resolution activity data are typically used in Tier to correspond with country-defined coefficients for specific regions and specialised land-use categories (IPCC 2006) SNV REDD+ www.snvworld.org/redd Methods 2.1 Overview 2.2 Data availability The first national forest inventory in Vietnam was started in 1991, and since then the () has been implemented on a five yearly cycle Therefore, a good forest database exists for the period of 1990 – 2010 However, the national forest inventory programme in Vietnam was not primarily designed for forest biomass carbon stock estimation; the focus of the forest inventory was on merchantable volume of wood and available information may not be available for non-merchantable portion of trees, thus there are challenges in deriving biomass carbon estimates comparable to a more detailed Tier 34 approach Therefore, for forest biomass carbon density mapping in Vietnam, a Tier approach was targeted to maximize the use of country specific data Development of biomass carbon stock for different forest types can use the national forest inventory data that include mainly wood volume of different forest types It must also be noted that due to unavailability of data, forest biomass carbon stock assessment considered only areas covered by trees and excluded areas covered by shrubs, bushes and grasslands 2.2.1 Wood volume estimation In the NFIMAP, there are a large number of permanent plots used for forest monitoring For NFIMAP III (2001-2005) the volumes of wood in merchantable tree stems, more commonly known as growing stock volume, for each of the forest types were estimated from 4,100 sampling plots (Raae et al 2010) The mean values of growing stock volume for each forest type are shown in Table Table Mean value of wood volume (m3 ha-1) by forest strata in 2001-2005 Forest type 10 11 12 Rich evergreen broadleaved forest Medium evergreen broadleaved forest Poor evergreen broadleaved forest Regrowth evergreen broadleaved forest Deciduous forest Bamboo forest* Mixed wood-Bamboo forest Coniferous forest Mixed broadleaved and coniferous forest Mangrove forest Forest on rocky mountain Plantation forest Growing Stock Volume (m3 ha-1) 255 157 71 70 100 87 151 137 33 73 67 Source: Adapted from Raae et al 2010 *The estimate of the growing stock volume of bamboo was not available 4 Tier – approach uses models and inventory measurement systems tailored to address national circumstances, repeated over time, and driven by high-resolution activity data and disaggregated at sub-national to local scales These higher order methods provide estimates of greater certainty than lower tiers and have a closer link between biomass and soil dynamics (IPCC 2006) SNV REDD+ www.snvworld.org/redd 2.2.2 Biomass expansion factors Stem volume is a useful proxy of biomass traditionally used in forestry A critical requirement for estimating biomass carbon stock based on stem volume is to develop biomass expansion factors (BEF) for different forest types The BEF serves as substitute for the expansion ratios to calculate non-merchantable biomass (limbs, small trees etc.) from tree biomass contained in merchantable stem volume BEFs for different forest types were estimated from BEF and stem biomass relationship developed by Brown (1997) (Eq 2) except for conifers, mixed broadleaved-bamboo forests and bamboo forests For mixed broadleaved and conifer forest, default values provided in IPCC (2003) were used, while BEF was not estimated for bamboo forest The BEFs used for various forest types in Vietnam are shown in Table Table Biomass Expansion Factor for different forest types in Vietnam using 2001-2005 inventory data on wood volume Forest types BEF Rich evergreen broadleaved forest Medium evergreen broadleaved forest Poor evergreen broadleaved forest Regrowth evergreen broadleaved forest Deciduous forest Bamboo forest 2.04 2.60 3.89 3.90 3.27 Not Available Mixed wood-Bamboo forest 2.00 10 11 12 Coniferous forest Mixed broadleaved and coniferous forest Mangrove forest Forest on rocky mountain Plantation forest 1.20 2.78 5.74 3.84 4.00 Remarks Estimated using equation developed by Brown (1997) IPCC 2003 values (lower limit) IPCC 2003 values (lower limit) Estimated using equation developed by Brown (1997) 2.3 Method used for Tier type forest biomass carbon estimation The method to estimate forest biomass carbon used in this report is outlined in Figure The biomass carbon stock estimation process starts with the definition of the spatial area of interest In this national-level study, the whole of Vietnam was used Once the spatial boundary was defined, a review of available data on biomass carbon stock density, forest area, forest types, root to shoot ratio, wood density and carbon fraction was conducted SNV REDD+ www.snvworld.org/redd Figure Simple methodological framework used to estimate forest biomass carbon densities Rectangles depict process while parallelograms depict specific outputs or inputs to these processes 10 SNV REDD+ www.snvworld.org/redd 2.3.1 Forest stratification and area estimation The estimation of forest biomass carbon stock for the entire forest estate of a country requires two variables, one is forest area and the other is carbon stock per hectare of forest i.e carbon stock density The forest classifications used over the past four NFIMAP cycles were not consistent Therefore, there was a need to harmonize these systems to have relatively uniform categories of forest strata for analysis The area of each forest type was estimated for 2005 for 12 distinct harmonized forest strata developed by Raae et al (2010) These harmonized forest strata and areas covered by these forest types are shown in Table For each forest stratum, wood densities were derived and applicable root to shoot ratios and stem volumes were estimated Table Forest area by forest stratum in 2005 10 11 12 Total Forest type Rich evergreen broadleaved forest Medium evergreen broadleaved forest Poor evergreen broadleaved forest Regrowth evergreen broadleaved forest Deciduous forest Bamboo forest Mixed wood-Bamboo forest Coniferous forest Mixed broadleaved and coniferous forest Mangrove forest Forest on rocky mountain Plantation forest Area (ha) 702,654 1,696,703 1,784,617 2,999,528 701,813 955,321 634,318 210,980 84,866 159,228 356,297 1,630,296 11,916,623 Source: Raae et al (2010) 2.3.2 Estimation of forest biomass Biomass carbon stock density in both AGB and BGB pools was estimated for each forest stratum AGB is estimated from the volume and density relationship of forest types using Eq AGB=VOB∙WD∙BEF Eq where, AGB is above-ground biomass (tdm ha-1) (tdm is tonnes of dry matter), VOB is inventoried stem volume over bark (m3 ha-1), BEF is biomass expansion factor (to convert over bark volume to total volume) and WD is basic wood density (kg m-3) 11 SNV REDD+ www.snvworld.org/redd Here, each variable is calculated as below: • VOB is averaged stem volume (m3 ha-1) taken from NFIMAP III, carried out for the period 2000–2005 by the Forest Planning and Inventory Institute (FIPI) VOB was estimated for each of the defined forest types • WD is basic wood density (kg m-3) If available, average wood density corresponding to forest types must be used If wood density values for corresponding forest types are not available an average wood density value can be used An average basic wood density for tropical trees which is 0.55 was used (Reyes et al 1992) • BEFs are calculated for defined forest types using stem volume and wood density data from forest inventory The BEFs were estimated by following the approach of Brown (1997) as Eq where, BEF is biomass expansion factor (to convert over bark volume to total volume), VOB is inventoried stem volume over bark (m3 ha-1) and WD is basic wood density (kg m-3) BGB of forest strata is estimated from ratio of BGB to AGB (R factor) using Eq BGB=AGB∙R Eq Default value for R used for estimation of BGB is 0.275 (FAO 2008) The approach described in Eq was not applicable for bamboo forest as a reliable aboveto-below ground relationship was not available for bamboo species Therefore an empirical biomass stock density estimates for above- and below-ground biomass stock density in Vietnam’s bamboo forests reported in Vu Tan Phuong et al (2007) was used 2.3.2 Estimation of forest biomass carbon stock density Forest biomass carbon stock density is calculated by multiplying the estimated forest biomass stock density by a carbon fraction The default carbon fraction used for calculating forest biomass carbon stock is 0.50 (IPCC 2003) The above- and below-ground carbon are added together to obtain the total biomass carbon estimate for each of the defined forest types The forest type-specific biomass carbon stock density is multiplied by the area of the respective forest types to obtain total carbon stock in 12 different forest types The total forest biomass carbon stock for Vietnam is estimated by summing together the carbon stock of different forest types Finally, the total biomass carbon stock is divided by the total forest area to obtain an estimate of average biomass carbon stock density 12 SNV REDD+ www.snvworld.org/redd Results and Discussion The estimated wood volume (Table 1), BEF (Table 2) and default values for wood density of 0.55 (Reyes et al 2010), default carbon fraction of 0.50 and a default AGB-to-BGB ratio (or root-to-shoot ratio) of 0.275 was used to estimate the AGB and BGB Carbon for 12 forest types (Table ) Table Estimated biomass carbon stock by forest types in 2005 Forest type 10 11 12 Carbon stock (tC ha-1) Area (ha) AGB BGB AGB+BGB Rich evergreen 143 broadleaved forest Medium evergreen 112 broadleaved forest Poor evergreen 76 broadleaved forest Regrowth evergreen 76 broadleaved forest Deciduous forest 90 Bamboo forest* 34 Mixed wood84 Bamboo forest Coniferous forest 50 Mixed broadleaved 105 and coniferous forest Mangrove forest 52 Forest on rocky 77 mountain Plantation forest 74 Total 39 183 702,654 31 143 1,696,703 Total (tC) 128,248,424 242,655,218 21 97 1,784,617 172,977,432 21 96 2,999,528 289,125,871 25 115 43 701,813 955,321 80,544,098 40,804,148 23 107 634,318 67,755,446 14 64 210,980 13,446,411 29 134 84,866 11,373,690 14 66 159,228 10,559,166 21 98 356,297 34,875,519 20 94 1,630,296 153,760,090 11,916,621 * For bamboo forest, an empirical estimate of biomass carbon made by Vu Tan Phuong et al (2007) was used The 12 different forest types encompassing an area 11,916,621 of the Vietnamese forest estate was estimated to store a total of 1,260,811,507 tonnes of biomass carbon The average biomass carbon stock of Vietnam’s forests in 2005 was about 105 tC ha-1 The lowest biomass carbon stock density was found in bamboo forest (43 tC ha-1) and the rich evergreen broadleaved forest contained the highest carbon stock density (183 tC ha-1) The estimated carbon stock density values for each of the forest types were integrated into the spatial forest type maps in GIS to derive the carbon maps as used in Mant et al (2013) (Figure 2) Compared to the forest biomass carbon per hectare in Southeast Asian countries reported by FAO (FAO 2010), average forest biomass carbon density in Vietnam is notably lower than that of Malaysia (157 tC ha-1) and Indonesia (138 tC ha-1) But the average forest biomass carbon stock per hectare in 13 SNV REDD+ www.snvworld.org/redd this calculation is about 1.4 times higher than the estimate of 72 tC ha-1 provided in the FRA 2010 report for Vietnam One potential reason for underestimation in the FRA report is assumed growing stock volume of 78 m3 ha-1, a value from the year 2000, while the forest monitoring plot-based estimate of 2001-2005 showed an average growing stock volume of 100 m3 ha-1 Figure Tier 2-type forest biomass carbon map for Vietnam, 2001-2005 Source Mant et al 2013 14 SNV REDD+ www.snvworld.org/redd Comparison was also made with an alternative forest biomass carbon map (Figure 3): a global map of forest biomass carbon stocks in tropical regions (Saatchi et al 2011) which shows an estimated biomass carbon stock density for Vietnam of 257 tC ha-1, which is twice the amount estimated by this study The discrepancy in the estimate may be attributed to a large degree of uncertainty i.e up to 54% in the estimate of Saatchi et al (2011), potentially caused by use of coarse imagery at 1-km pixel resolution and use of a different approach for deriving below-ground biomass carbon (LiDAR) Figure Tier 1-type forest biomass carbon map for Vietnam, 2000 (Source: Saatchi et al 2011) 15 SNV REDD+ www.snvworld.org/redd Previous SNV forest biomass carbon maps (Figure 4), using a Tier approach, showed the biomass carbon stock density was approximately 113 tC ha-1 (Holland and McNally 2009) Figure Average land cover carbon density by km pixel in Vietnam, 2000 Source: Holland and McNally (2009) 16 SNV REDD+ www.snvworld.org/redd While undertaking this study, only limited information was found for growing stock volume or biomass carbon stock density for bamboo forests In future, as more reliable information is available for bamboo forests, more precise estimates of biomass carbon may be made The forest biomass carbon estimates presented here are only for live biomass and not include carbon in deadwood, litter and soil carbon pools Even though there exist opportunities to refine these estimates by incorporating data from excluded carbon pools and using finer resolution biomass data, the estimates, nevertheless, provide a robust preliminary visualisation of the distribution of forest biomass carbon stock in Vietnam More up-to-date forest biomass carbon maps could be produced using the 2006-2010 NFIMAP IV forest cover and standing timber volume data unavailable to this study (Mant et al 2013) Forest biomass carbon maps can be further refined by using the forest management units level biomass inventory data as REDD+ activities progress in Vietnam in the future AGB estimations could be further refined by applying improvements in tree allometry at the global level (e.g Chave et al 2005), or better still, at the national level (e.g recently developed allometric equations for estimating forest carbon for the major forest ecoregions of Vietnam (Vu Tan Phuong et al 2012) 17 SNV REDD+ www.snvworld.org/redd References Bao Huy, Pham Tuan Anh, Vo Hung and Nguyen Thi Thanh Huong (2012) Report on estimation 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values of major forests in the North of Vietnam Forest Science Institute of Vietnam, Hanoi Vu Tan Phuong, Pham Xuan Phuong, Vu Tri Dung, Hoang Lien Son, Tran Thi Thu Ha, Nguyen Viet Xuan, Nguyen Tien Hung, Nguyen Thi Hai and Pham Thi Huong Lan (2010) Forest valuation in Vietnam Science and Techniques Publishing House, Hanoi Vu Tan Phuong, Inoguchi, A., Birigazzi, L., Henry, M and Sola, G (2012) Tree Allometric Equation Development for Estimation of Forest Above-Ground Biomass in Viet Nam: Part A -Introduction and Background of the Study The United Nations Collaborative Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries (UN-REDD) Viet Nam National Program, Hanoi 19 SNV REDD+ www.snvworld.org/redd SNV Netherlands Development Organisation REDD+ Programme th Floor, Thien Son Office Building, Nguyen Gia Thieu Street, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Tel./Fax: 84 3930 0668 Email: sswan@snvworld.org This publication was printed with FSC certified paper and vegetable-based ink 20 SNV REDD+ www.snvworld.org/redd ... types to obtain total carbon stock in 12 different forest types The total forest biomass carbon stock for Vietnam is estimated by summing together the carbon stock of different forest types Finally,... added together to obtain the total biomass carbon estimate for each of the defined forest types The forest type-specific biomass carbon stock density is multiplied by the area of the respective forest. .. (2013) Generating Forest Biomass Carbon Stock Estimates for Mapping the Potential of REDD+ to deliver biodiversity conservation in Vietnam SNV – The Netherlands Development Organisation, Ho Chi Minh