Comprehensive nuclear materials 3 04 thorium oxide fuel

Comprehensive nuclear materials 3 04 thorium oxide fuel Comprehensive nuclear materials 3 04 thorium oxide fuel Comprehensive nuclear materials 3 04 thorium oxide fuel Comprehensive nuclear materials 3 04 thorium oxide fuel Comprehensive nuclear materials 3 04 thorium oxide fuel Comprehensive nuclear materials 3 04 thorium oxide fuel Comprehensive nuclear materials 3 04 thorium oxide fuel

3.04 Thorium Oxide Fuel P R Hania and F C Klaassen Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group, Petten, The Netherlands ß 2012 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved 3.04.1 3.04.2 3.04.2.1 3.04.2.2 3.04.2.3 3.04.3 3.04.3.1 3.04.3.2 3.04.3.3 3.04.3.4 3.04.3.5 3.04.4 3.04.4.1 3.04.4.1.1 3.04.4.1.2 3.04.4.2 3.04.4.3 3.04.5 3.04.5.1 3.04.5.2 3.04.5.2.1 3.04.5.2.2 3.04.5.2.3 3.04.5.2.4 3.04.5.2.5 3.04.5.2.6 3.04.5.2.7 3.04.6 3.04.6.1 3.04.6.2 3.04.6.3 3.04.7 References Introduction Incentives for Using Thorium Thorium as an Abundantly Available Resource for Nuclear Fuel Radiotoxicity Reduction with Thorium Reduction of Excess Military Plutonium Physical Properties of Thorium Oxide Fuel Crystal Structure Thermal Expansion Thermal Conductivity Thermophysical Properties Oxygen Potential Thorium Oxide Fuel Fabrication Powder Compaction ThO2 Mixed oxides Powder–Plasticizer Methods Sol–Gel Methods Behavior of Thorium Oxide Fuel Under Irradiation Neutronic Properties of Thorium-Based Fuel In-Core Behavior of Thorium Oxide Fuel Restructuring Thermal conductivity CANDU fuel United States India Fission product behavior (Th,Pu)O2 Reprocessing and Refabrication The THOREX Process Beyond Thorex Radiation Issues in Reprocessing and Refabrication Conclusions Abbreviations ANS BWR CANDU fcc FGR HEU HMTA IAEA HTR American Nuclear Society Boiling Water Reactor CANadian Deuterium Uranium reactor Face-centered cubic Fission Gas Release High Enriched Uranium (>20% U-235) Hexamethylene tetramine International Atomic Energy Agency High Temperature Reactor LEU LWR MOX MSR Mwe PUREX PWR tHM TBP TRISO 88 89 89 90 90 90 91 91 92 93 93 94 94 94 95 96 96 97 97 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 104 104 105 106 106 106 Low Enriched Uranium (