Foundation engineering Kỹ thuật nền móng: tài liệu trình bày đặc tính cơ học của đất, đá; các loại móng, phương pháp xây dựng; lựa chọn các loại kết cấu móng, giải pháp thiết kế cơ bản: lựa chọn tải trọng, kiểm toán, tính toán
Index Terms Spoon, sampling 107 Spotter, pile 209 Sprague and Henwood 121 Spudding of pile 212 Stability, cuts in clay excavations long term 108 297ff 177 98 number 298 retaining wall 416 424 slope 298 305 177ff 337 Stabilization chemical 22 freezing 182 lime 199 Portland cement 199 121 Standard load test 118 143 112 115 Standard penetration resistance, see Penetration test, standard Standard penetration test, see Penetration te t, standard Standard Proctor test, see Proctor test Static cone test, see Cone test Statistical relationships 66 Steam hammer 209 220 Steel, sheeting 171 172 shoe for pile 204 shrinkage reinfor ement 390 Steel det rioration in soil I-beam g illage footing pile concrete encasement of 147 185 187 207ff 219 208 354f 358ff 200 Static cone test Static penetration test 164 164 198 Index Terms Steel deterioration in soil (Cont.) H- 207 pipe 207 point for H-pile 208 363 Stiff clay 20 236 crust 350 351 crust underlain by soft clay 352 slope 98 Stiffener in wale 463 Stiffening of raft 188 Stokes’ law 262 Stratified deposit, excavation 256 Stream, braided channel deposit Strength, clay 42 146 144 94 coarse-grained soil 99 compressive 85 creep 95 direct measurement dry 299ff Straits of Mackinac permeability 97 87 fine sand 90ff fine-grained soil 99 gravel 87 99 rock 99 100 sand 99 81ff unconfined, r ck 20 undrained 80 Strength design (concrete) 102 116 dry sand soil 223 375 116 269 Index Terms Stress, circle of in anchor rods 83ff 455 effective 44 lateral 97 neutral 44 principal 83 principle of effective 44 shrinkage 64 concrete 417 56 88 92 98 390 tensile 82 total 44 Stress-deformation characteristics, normally loaded clay 90ff overconsolidated clay 90 silt 90 Stress difference Stress-strain characteristics, soil dry sand and gravel Stress transmission characteristics of piles Structure, dispersed fill supported 84 59ff 85 219 19 20 194 flocculated 19 lattice 10 primary 18 root hole 142 secondary 19 single grained 19 Strut 81 11 116 170ff 231 buckling 456 461 distance betw en 463 prestressi g 174 Strut load, open cut 460 clay 462 Index Terms Strut load, open cut (Cont.) sand Subgrade reaction, coefficient modulus Submerged unit weight 459ff 408 413 408 413 44 Submersible pump 180 Subsidence 257 Subsurface exploration program 103ff 178 Suffolk 166 177ff filter-protected Surcharge 192 270 Surface drainage 128 Surface tension 47ff Survey, fact finding 164 geological 164 resistivity seismic 27 Swedish Geotechnical Commission 162 Swedish State Railways 162 unsatisfa tory performance due to Swelling capacity 50 118ff Swamp soil of damag by 196 120 128 prevention, by pr wetting 195 118ff soil Swelling 326 178 depth of geophysical 236 163ff Suction pump Sump 125ff 164 60 63 247 333 342 340 339 337 92 98 159 186 Index Terms Swelling clay pier on 67 195 199 337 343 324 330 343 Swelling potential 198 199 Swelling pressure test 338 343 Swelling shale 67 Swelling soil 337 damage caused by 340 design of foundation on 340ff foundation on 337ff identification 337 Swelling test 337ff modified 343 unrestrained 337 Syenite 31 T Tagus River Bridge 234 Tampa, Fla 359 Tamper, hand-held compacting 197 Tangent modulus, initial 86 Taper, pile 213 T-beam stiffened raft 188 Telltale 292 in drilled pier 243 214 242 Tensile force in pier 340 Tensile wave in pile 218 Tension, diagonal (c ncrete design) 376 Tension pile 394 Tension n soil Teredo Terminal moraine 82 204 129ff Termite 204 Terra rossa 154 452 346 Index Terms Test, AASHO modified compaction anchor 15 468 Atterberg limits, see Limit, Atterberg classification compaction 14 15 36 97 101 cone penetration, see Cone penetration test confined compression 59 see also Consolidation test consolidated undrained 88 consolidation 59 see also Consolidation test direct shear 83 dispersion double oedometer drained 333ff 88 Dutch cone, see Cone test, Dutch dynamic penetration 112 see Penetration test, dynamic field density 16 liquid limit 16 load 93 117 on pile 292 323 on rock 367 modified swelling pressure 343 see 270 282 283 284 also Standard load test moisture-density 14 oedometer 59 permeability, see Perm ability test penetration 121 see also Standard penetration test pile load pulling redriving 214ff 282 285ff 224 Index Terms Test, AASHO modified compaction (Cont.) plastic limit 23 Proctor, see Proctor test pumping, see Pumping test Q 92 R 88 91 S 88 97 shaking 97 standard load 118 143 164 198 standard penetration, see Penetration test, standard standard Proctor, see Proctor test static cone 121 static penetration 112 swelling swelling pressure torvane 337ff 338 92 116 triaxial, see Triaxial compression test unconfined compression, see Unconfined compression test undrained 101 unrestrained swelling 338 vane see 92 96 also Vane Test excavation Test pit 93 116 Texas 79 337 Textural classification 25 28 Texture of rock 32 Thawing 153 Theory, of co olidation 68ff of elasticity 288 of pile-driving dynamics 221 81 164 270 Index Terms Thermal stabilization 200 Thin-wall sampler 109 Thixotropy 20 Three-layer mineral 10 Tieback 282 172 anchorage 467 cut 446 inclination 468 support system 173 360 466ff 472 129 130 132 Till index properties permeability 131 43 seismic velocity 120 Wisconsinan 130 Till plain 130 134 Timber grillage 185 187 203ff 363 Timber pile working load Time lag Time factor (consolidation) 207 118 71 Time of consolidation 179 Time-settlement curve 71 Titanium 159 Tongue and groove sheet pile 231 Torvane 92 Total pressure 44 Total stress 44 analysis 92 101 Tower Latino Americ na 304 Transcona elevato 304 Transient load 116 97 Transmission of driving stress in pile 218 Transported soil 126 348 98 Index Terms Trapezoidal footing 401 404 Trees, cause of shrinkage 343 346 Tremie 173 235 Trench, braced 173 slurry 173 Trench brace 170 Trial wedge method 422 Triangular classification chart 240 25 127 Triaxial compression test 83ff 88 101 Triple tube core barrel 111 Tropical weathering 155 Tropics 126 Truck-mounted drilling machine 104 Tube sample 109 147 164 Tuff 31 100 Two-layer mineral 10 Two-stage wellpoint system 242 306 U U-abutment 248 Ultimate bearing capacity 276 clay 351 270ff footing on sand 310 friction pile 283 net 271 pile 215 skin friction, pie 280 222 282 see also Bearing apacity Uncased concrete pile Franki Unconfined compression test 205 205 19ff 92 19 272 rock 30 100 Underpinning 58 251 Unconfined compressive strength 361 252 295 Index Terms Undisturbed clay 162 Undisturbed sample 107 sand 108 163 109 Undrained condition 92 96 461 Undrained strength 80 116 269 25 27ff 36 Uniform soil 66 Uniformity coefficient 28 30 reduction factor, clay Undrained test Unified classification system Union Metal monotube pile 96 101 12 13 dry 12 15 18 zero air void 12 of solid constituents 12 saturated 12 13 17 submerged 44 Unsymmetrical footing Unweathered bedrock 94 392 149ff Uplift force on pile 225 Uplift of swelling soil 345 Uplift resistance 385 piles 128 205 Unit weight Unsaturated soil, shear strength 164 226 in clay 286 in sand 325 Utilities, damage due o swelling soil 339 USDA 128 US Forest Service 129 USGS 129 Utah 138 18 366 Index Terms V Vacuum well point 179 Valley, buried 139 deposit 145 Vancouver, B C 78 Vancouver Island 131 Vane 305 98 113 116 122 test 92 96 164 270 Varved clay 138 Varved deposit 135 Vegetative cover 128 Velocity, discharge 40 of longitudinal wave in pile 218 seismic 119 Velocity head 45 Venezuela 358 Vermiculite 341 Vermont 100 Vertical cleavage 142 Verticality, of drilled pier 241 of pile Vertical joint Vertical pressure, computation influence chart 209 364 365 287ff 288ff Vertical movements 174 Vibration, due to pile driving 323 of concrete 240 effect on, settlement 257 sand 120 327ff Vibrating pl te ompactor 197 Vibratory pile driver 209 211 Vibratory roller 196 200 330 Vibroflotation 195 200 327 164 Index Terms Victoria, B C Virgin consolidation line 305 60 Virginia 100 Visual classification 107 Void ratio 11 critical 86 in densest state 13 in loosest state 13 Volcanic deposit 305 13 18 60 231 467 139 Volcanic glass 31 156 Volcanic rock 154 156 85 Volume change 17 damage due to 332 Volume compressibility 70 coefficient 73 Vulcan pile hammer 210 333 W Wagoshance Lighthouse 262 Wakefield sheeting 231 448 Wale 170 171 crippling 456 461 design 463 stiffeners 463 Wall, anchor 448 parapet 441 retaining 385 Wall footing 185 reinforc men 174 186 375ff 142 143 377 Wall friction, ang e 423 Wash boring 104 Washington 100 Water, in drilled pier 240 Index Terms Water content 11 natural 23 optimum 15 Water level 17 64 198 18 195 198 120 169 307 180 Water surface, free 47 Water table 42 47 118 308 311 313 226 256 correction factor for foundation on sand 313 effect on design in sand 316 fluctuation 257 lowering effect on settlement 47 257 Waterproofing 189ff Wave analysis of pile 216ff 224 202 207 208 221 227 282ff 99 126 127 151 158 126 153 155 27 66 Wave equation for pile driving 323ff Weathered rock Weathering 153ff 30 368 chemical 125 mechanical 153 physical 125 profile 153 spheroidal 154 157 tropical 155 156 Wedge theory, earth pressure Weep hole Weight-volume relationship Well, drainage dredging 126 420ff 247 11 180 234 observati n 42 pumping 42 Well graded soil Index Terms We point 54 178ff multiple stage 179 306 vacuum 179 West Nyack, N Y 100 Wetting, effect on loess 144 Wheel load on abutment 440 Will County, Ill 160 Winchester, Mass Wing wall Winnipeg, Man Windblown deposit 438 439 79 140ff Wire-line drilling 111 Wisconsin 100 Wood pile 219 cushion 220 resistance to driving 212 sheet piles 231 Working chamber 235 Working hours, pneumatic caisson 235 Working load on pile 207 Working stress, concrete pile 212 steel pile 131 149 150 173 360 366 213 Working stress method (concrete design) 375 World Trade Center 151 X X-ray analysis, diffra tion 10 Y Yugoslavia 161 Z Z-pile Zero air voids 326 244 12 18 367 Index Terms Zone, capillary 118 of depletion 127 of seasonal variation 339