The abbreviations used in text message and on the internet

The abbreviations used in text message and on the internet by group The motivation of our research • Nowadays, mobile phones and the Internet are so popular that almost every culture has created its own specific language The youth play the main role of that creation It’s interesting to discover how words are associated with each other in the native speakers’ eyes For example, ‘how are you’ can be put on the screen as ‘how R U?’ Abbreviations become very popular when young people communicate through text message or on the internet We this research to study the origin, the development, the features and the strong points, weak points of abbreviations We this research to solve these two questions: • I How widely are shortening words are used in text message and the internet? • II What’s the development of abbreviations? The significance of our research • • Keeping pace with time We are English language learners and we should be aware of the newest English language We have to read as much as materials to gain a great many new words, which can also help our reading skills Understanding English culture better From Americans like shortening words, we can easily notice their culture As we all know, all the new language usages are created by the native speakers, which will help us know the development process of English We can learn how to create a new word, and why a language needs to develop • Getting to know the youth’s condition The youth is a country’s future Text message and the Internet receive so much popularity from the youth, and it’s a good way to get to know them by learning about their specific language • Helping us in note taking Many times in daily life, we need to take notes quickly However, it is difficult for us to take what has been said completely, just because the speaking speed is so fast Thus, we need to know more and more about the youth language like some abbreviations or substitutes, both of which can improve the writing speed • I How widely are shortening words are used in text message and the internet? • We use a questionnaire to solve this question Questionnaire about the shortening words in text messages and on the Internet • • • • • • • • • • • Thank you for your precious five minutes to this questionnaire We are sophomores majoring in English in Soochow University, China Now we are doing some research about how widely shortening words are used in text messages and the Internet, which will help us to prepare for our final paper of lexicology Your help will us a great favor please select your age group A below 15 B 16—19 C 19—21 D above 21 how many text messages you send on average every day? A below 10 B 11—20 C 20—30 D above 30 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • how many hours you spend in chatting online on average every day? A below hour B 1—2 C 2—3 D above how often you use shortening words in text messages and on the Internet? A never B few times C often how many of your friends use shortening words in text messages and on the Internet? A below B 10 C 11—15 D above 16 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • please list Top Five shortening words which you often use (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) please write the full words below (1) CU (2) PLZ (3) ASAP (4) 3Q (5) TTYL why people prefer to use shortening words? Please give some reasons you think shortening words is a kind of progress in English usage? Why or why not? The end We appreciate your help very much Thank you again! • The target people of our research are American students and Chinese students majoring in English There are 50 American students from three different universities, including Ohio State University, Florida State University and Utah State University, 20 students in Melbourne University and 30 Chinese students in foreign language departments involved in this research • II What is the development of abbreviations? The development of abbreviations • Abbreviations are regularly used in our daily life When we send short messages or emails, we use abbreviations When we read newspapers or watch TV, we can find abbreviations Therefore, abbreviations influenced our life quite a lot • All abbreviations and acronyms are now using standard code instead of the nested span hack for Internet Explorer This has meant the functionality of the site is reduced in Internet Explorer but this is due to the browser omitting parts of the markup standards The pages degrade gracefully in this device, so the pages remain accessible The primary benefit of these elements is for the users screen readers, which handle this important element correctly history • Alphabetic abbreviation became possible around 1000 BC and was common in the classical world: the Greek letters and as a result of their use the fish became a Christian symbol; the Latin letters SPQR stood for Senatus Populusque Romanus (the Senate and the Roman people) In addition, short forms such as IMP CAES (Imperator Caesar Emperor Caesar) were common on inscriptions and coins • Although present-day abbreviation in English descends from such forms, its more immediate origin was in the practices of medieval scribes, among whom short forms were mnemonic and a means of economizing on parchment, effort, and time As writing extended from Latin into the European vernacular languages, short forms went with it, first as loans (such as AD for Anno Domini: from the year of the Lord), then as native creations (such as BC for Before Christ) • All such devices combine economy (of effort, space, and reference) with repetition (of the familiar and formulaic); although some are casual or temporary creations, others have become over the centuries so institutionalized that their origins and natures are seldom considered: as for example AD and BC, when used for everyday secular purposes • Abbreviation the minor processes of word formation: • Abbreviation or shortening 缩缩缩 / 缩缩缩 – Abbreviations/clipping 截截截 (e.g doc, porn, expo; cab, van; flu, fridge; daily, pop) – Initialism 截截截截截截 (CIA, BBC, UFO, CD, IP, LCD, ID, N-bomb) – Acronym 截截截截截截 (UNESCO,laser, radar, SARS, AIDS, NATO, DINK ) – Blend 截截截 (motel, brunch, smog, chunnel, sitcom, hi-fi,talkathon) – Words from proper names: Eponyms (sandwich, robot, Watt 截 • Back formation 缩缩缩 – Back formation (reversion): (beg, locate, lip-read, air-condition) • Onomatopoeia 缩缩缩 – Onomatopoeia 截截截 (clang, clik, giggle, roar, buzz) • Nature • Although abbreviations usually need to be concise, convenient, and easy to remember, they not need to be fully understood to serve their purpose People literate in English can work successfully with such formulas as e.g and q.v whether or not they know their full Latin forms exempli gratia (for the sake of example) and quod vide (which see) The more familiar and successful the short form, the less need for the full form, which may in course of time being forgotten The full forms of mob (Latin mobile vulgus the fickle crowd) and radar (radio detection and ranging) have no functional value in the 1990s, and many are entirely unaware that these words are (or were) abbreviations The members of organizations usually have little difficulty with the abbreviations they use, because of sheer familiarity, but people who are not part of the in-group may regard their use as (sometimes frustrating and provocative) jargon • However, abbreviations are not always ready to be used properly In formal academic prose it is considered bad form to abbreviate words simply to save space, time or energy The research methods • In this research, we used some typical research methods to study various aspects of abbreviations and made our research more specific and convincing • Ask some students to fill our questionnaires ( as we have mentioned) • We made a questionnaire related to abbreviations and sent them to some university students Then, we analysed the result and got some useful information to our research SYMBOL MEANING EXAMPLE w/ with (something) A war was fought w/ NATO aid w/o without They fought w/o fear w/i within There are problems w/i the company i.e that is  A Siamese, i.e a cat, is a fun pet e.g for example Professionals, e.g doctors and lawyers, met here etc et cetera, so forth Cats, dogs, etc., make good pets b/c because We pay taxes b/c it's the law.  b/4 before Chicken b/4 egg? re: regarding, about I need to see you re: the sales figures esp especially Tobacco, esp cigarettes, causes cancer minimum The is $400 max maximum The max number of people in an elevator is 10 gov't government The gov't helped the people ASAP as soon as possible Finish your exam ASAP wrt write wrt #3 (write number 3) rt right rt side yr / yrs year, years She's yrs old c.  circa, about, around, from the year This picture is c 1900 vs versus, as opposed to Purple vs green ch chapter Read ch Q A question answer Q: What is that? A: I don't know! ex example Look at ex The conclusion of the research • The usage of Abbreviations has become very popular among young people when they chat on the internet or through text message Most young people like new and interesting thing, while abbreviations meet their demands When they communicate with their friends, using abbreviations is very convenient and easy to understand Moreover, abbreviations reflect a trend of the development of English in some aspects However, excessive use of abbreviations also brings some bad points Firstly, abbreviations are very informal, they can be just used in some informal chatting and spoken English Besides, this is bad for young students to learn English, it may unable students to spell and know some words well Above all, the development of abbreviations is an issue which deserves our much more concerns • Through this research we know many aspects of abbreviations, including the reasons they appeared, typical examples of abbreviations, their strong points and weak points, and their important role in the daily life The research on abbreviations is very interesting and meaningful, our research still has some shortcomings, for example, the questionnaires are not complete, the people we interviewed are not enough, and we can not understand the communication culture among westerners very well The research is so meaningful that we should continue to study • The motivation and significance of the research: 徐徐徐 • The development of abbreviations, the typical examples: 徐徐徐 • The research methods, the video found on the internet: 徐徐 • The questionnaire and analysis 缩 the PPT: 徐徐 • The conclusion of the research, the pictures, the combination of the whole paper: 徐徐 ... are shortening words are used in text message and the internet? • We use a questionnaire to solve this question Questionnaire about the shortening words in text messages and on the Internet •... typical examples of abbreviations, their strong points and weak points, and their important role in the daily life The research on abbreviations is very interesting and meaningful, our research... often you use shortening words in text messages and on the Internet? A never B few times C often how many of your friends use shortening words in text messages and on the Internet? A below B 10