The humanities culture continuity and change volume 2 2nd edition henry m sayre test bank

1 Test Item File for Henry Sayre’s The Humanities Second Edition Volume by Jennifer Rosti Roanoke College © 2011 by PEARSON EDUCATION, INC Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved 10 ISBN 0-20-501261-2 Printed in the United States of America Table of Contents Chapter 21 Chapter 22 10 Chapter 23 16 Chapter 24 21 Chapter 25 27 Chapter 26 33 Chapter 27 39 Chapter 28 45 Chapter 29 50 Chapter 30 56 Chapter 31 62 Chapter 32 67 Chapter 33 73 Chapter 34 79 Chapter 35 85 Chapter 36 91 Chapter 37 97 Chapter 38 103 Chapter 39 109 Chapter 40 115 Chapter 21: The Baroque in Italy: The Church and Its Appeal Multiple Choice What did Bernini aim to symbolize with his oval colonnade that encloses Vatican Square? a The world converging at the church b The classical tradition of the church c The motherly arms of the church d The expansive reach of the church Answer: c page 677 What is a defining characteristic of Baroque art? a Attention to viewers’ emotional experience of a work b Return to the forms and proportions of classical art c Focus on the symbolic meaning of a work d Absence of excessive decoration and sensuousness Answer: a page 677 What is the meaning of the Portuguese term barroco, from which “Baroque” likely derived? a Flamboyant b Misshapen pearl c Ecstasy d Sailor Answer: b page 677 Why was Baroque originally used in a derogatory way to describe this new style? a It was associated with the common people b It was very expensive to create c It defied the Council of Trent’s directives d It was seen as too ornate and strange Answer: d page 677 Why did the Baroque artists place elements on a diagonal, not the Renaissance frontal and parallel planes? a To evoke a sense of depth b To induce more defined shadows c To produce a sense of action d To provide more balance Answer: c page 679 Why did Pope Urban VIII commission a baldachino (canopy) for Saint Peter’s interior? a To cover Saint Paul’s tomb b To define the altar space c To crown the papal throne d To encircle Michelangelo’s Pietà Answer: b page 680 Why did Bernini decorate the baldachino’s grooved columns with bronze vines? a To symbolize the union of the Old and New Testaments b To create a sense of naturalism on the columns c To emphasize the blending of classical and Italian design d To draw the viewers’ eyes upward along the spirals Answer: a page 680 In his Cornaro Chapel sculptural program, with what did Bernini equate Saint Teresa’s religious visions? a Spiritual rebirth b Duality of body c Sexual orgasm d Ecstatic dancing Answer: d page 682 Why did Bernini include theater boxes on each side his Cornaro Chapel sculptural program? a To allow visitors to have a better view of Saint Teresa b To create preferential seating for the Cornaro family c To emphasize his design’s high drama d To provide extra seating for the churchgoers Answer: c page 681 10 What did Bernini intend his Four Rivers Fountain to represent? a Triumph of the Roman Catholic Church over the world’s rivers b Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III’s defeat of Egypt c Domination of the Roman Catholic Church over paganism d The Roman Catholic Church’s position as the center of the world Answer: a page 683 11 While his coworkers constructed his designs, what hobby did Bernini pursue? a Flower cultivation at the Villa Borghese b Writing plays and designing stage sets c Amateur archaeology in Rome’s ruins d Composing canzonas for religious services Answer: b page 683 12 How did Fra Andrea Pozzo create the highly dramatic space in Triumph of Saint Ignatius of Loyola? a Chiaroscuro b Tenebrism c Foreshortening d Invisible complement Answer: b page 686 13 Why did Caravaggio portray his subjects in The Calling of Saint Matthew in attire of his time, not Jesus’s? a To use richer colors and brushstrokes b To conform to other paintings in the series c To enable the audience to identify with them d To portray the painting’s patrons realistically Answer: c page 690 14 What effect does Caravaggio achieve with light in The Calling of Saint Matthew? a Transforms the calling into a miracle b Identifies which of the subjects is Matthew c Shows Jesus bringing the light to sinners d Makes Jesus’s entrance seem threatening Answer: a page 689 15 What technique that contrasts large areas of dark with smaller illuminated areas did Caravaggio master? a Chiaroscuro b Tenebrism c Foreshortening d Invisible complement Answer: b page 690 16 Why was Artemesia Gentileschi so obsessed with the biblical story of Judith beheading Holofernes that she painted five versions of it? a Gentileschi was of Jewish descent b Judith was the female equivalent of David c Judith was a female artist d Gentileschi had been raped Answer: d page 692 17 Why was the division between the Council of Trent-rejected secular music and religious compositions less pronounced in Venice? a It traditionally had ignored papal authority b It had a large Protestant population c It was too far from Rome for any to notice d It was not a part of the Holy Roman Empire Answer: a page 694 18 Which of the following is not a way Giovanni Gabrieli aimed to make church music more emotionally engaging? a Playing two organs against each other b Placing the four choirs in separate areas c Adding the first all-female ensemble to the choir d Using brass and wood instruments in the music Answer: c page 694 19 What is the canzona’s dominant rhythm? a Short-long b Long-short-short c Long-long d Short-long-long Answer: b page 694 20 Why did Gabrieli organize his compositions around a single note—the tonic note? a To heighten the sense of harmonic drama b To allow more pitch for the voices c To create effects of sonority in a cathedral d To enable the words to be heard over the music Answer: a page 694 21 What inspired the first operas? a Gabrieli’s compositions b Bernini’s plays c The Venetian street processions d Ancient Greek drama Answer: d page 695 22 What Greek myth inspired Monteverdi’s first opera? a Prometheus and Pandora b Orpheus and Eurydice c Paris and Helen of Troy d Zeus and Leda Answer: b page 696 23 Why were only girls in Venice’s orphanages given music instruction? a Girls would handle the delicate instruments more gently b It was assumed that boys would enter the labor force c Girls required musical skill to secure a good marriage d Venetian orphanages housed only girls Answer: c page 697 24 Why did the orphanage directors hope audiences would be dazzled by the orphans’ musical performances? a They would adopt the talented children b They would buy tickets to their performances c They would help find jobs for the orphans d They would donate money to the orphanages Answer: d page 697 25 Why is Vivaldi’s The Four Seasons known as program music? a He composed it for one of the orphans’ performances, or programs b Its purely instrumental music is connected to a story or idea c Its episodes contrast back and forth with the musical score d The music follows the program and rhythms of speech Answer: b page 696 26 As reported in the chapter’s ”Continuity and Change“ section, why did Louis XIV reject Berninis design for a new faỗade for the Louvre? a It looked too similar to the Vatican colonnade b It was too simple and classically inspired c It would be too expensive to build d It was too elaborate and ornate Answer: d page 699 27 What did Louis XIV’s rejection of Bernini’s plan mark in European culture? a The beginning of the Counter-Reformation b The end of Italian art and architecture’s dominance c The beginning of the Romantic period d The end of classically-inspired designs Answer: b page 699 Matching 28 Gian Lorenzo Bernini a Canzona Duodecimi Toni 29 Francesco Borromini b Conversion of Saint Paul 30 Caravaggio c Church of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane 31 Giovanni Gabrieli d Four Rivers Fountain 32 Artemesia Gentileschi e The Four Seasons 33 Claudio Monteverdi f Judith and Maidservant with Head of Holofernes 34 Andrea Pozzo g Orfeo 35 Antonio Vivaldi h Triumph of Saint Ignatius of Loyola Answers: 28-e, 29-c, 30-b, 31-a, 32-f, 33-g, 34-h, 35-e Essay 36 Describe Bernini’s colonnade enclosure of Vatican Square, and explain how it defines the Baroque style 37 Identify and describe three elements of Bernini’s Cornaro Chapel sculptural program that illustrate the high drama of the Baroque 38 Compare Bernini’s Baroque David to Michelangelo’s Renaissance David, explaining how each is representative of its respective period 39 Compare Andrea Pozzo’s Baroque Triumph of Saint Ignatius of Loyola to Michelangelo’s Mannerist Last Judgment (Chap 24), explaining how each is representative of its respective period 40 Define tenebrism, and explain Caravaggio’s use of it to provide drama to two of his works 41 Compare the sensual elements of Bernini’s Ecstasy of Saint Teresa to Caravaggio’s Conversion of Saint Paul 42 List and analyze at least two reasons for Artemesia Gentileschi’s use of her self-portrait for Judith in her five paintings of the Jewish heroine’s story 43 List and explain two ways Giovanni Gabrieli made church music more emotionally engaging 9 44 Provide a detailed explanation for the reasons opera developed during the Italian Baroque period 45 Using one sculpture, one painting, and one musical composition, explain the artists’ achievement of Baroque drama—the sense of action, excitement, and sensuality 10 Chapter 22: The Secular Baroque in the North: The Art of Observation Multiple Choice What is the meaning of the Dutch word landschap, from which “landscape” derives? a Flat b Land form c Farm d Geography Answer: b page 704 Why was portraiture especially popular with the middle-class seventeenth-century Dutch? a Physical connection to their ancestors b Only art acceptable to Dutch Reformed Church c Affirmation of their financial well-being d Expression of their dislike for lavish Baroque art Answer: c page 704 Which of the following is not a contradiction of seventeenth-century Amsterdam residents? a Advocated harmony among others, viciously warred with the Spanish b Avidly collected art for homes, banned art in churches c Intolerant of religious heresy among Protestants, tolerant of Catholics and Jews d Obsessed with acquisition of material goods, rigidly austere in religious life Answer: a page 705 Why did the Dutch rebel against the Spanish in 1567? a The Spanish armada blockaded Amsterdam’s port b Philip II transferred the Spanish banking from Amsterdam to Madrid c The Spanish opened the dikes, flooding the Dutch farmland d Philip II reorganized their churches under Catholic hierarchy Answer: d page 705 From where did Europe receive the first load of tulip bulbs? a China b India c Turkey d The Congo Answer: c page 706 What creates the “broken” tulip, so highly valued by the seventeenth-century Dutch? a A virus b Cross-breeding c A mutation d A fungus Answer: a page 706 Why in 1637 did the Dutch economy come close to collapse? a Widespread flooding of tulip fields 11 b Frenzied speculation in tulip futures c Rampant virus in tulip crop d inflation caused by tulip craze Answer: b page 706 What requirement did the Dutch state place on people in public service? a Be a graduate of a Dutch university b Not be involved in tulip investing c Not be of Spanish descent d Be a member of the Dutch Reformed Church Answer: d page 707 Why in 1618 were some members expelled from the Dutch Reformed Church and even imprisoned? a Belief that good deeds could overcome predestination b Refusal to convert from Calvinism to Dutch Reformed c Belief that predestination was independent of faith d Refusal to remove religious art from their churches Answer: a page 707 10 What manner of inquiry did Francis Bacon advocate? a Dialectic method b Deductive reasoning c Cartesian method d Empirical method Answer: d page 708 11 According to Francis Bacon, what were the greatest obstacles to human understanding? a Lack of education and superstition b Superstition and religion c Religion and prejudice d Prejudice and superstition Answer: b page 708 12 Which of the following is not one of Bacon’s four major categories of false notion? a Idols of the Market Place b Idols of the Theater c Idols of the Tribe d Idols of the King Answer: d page 708 13 What manner of inquiry did René Descartes advocate? a Dialectic method b Deductive reasoning c Inductive reasoning d Empirical method Answer: b page 709 12 14 According to Descartes, what was God? a Pure love and total acceptance b The mover of the universe c The mathematical order of nature d The determiner of a person’s destiny Answer: c page 709 15 What branch of mathematics did Descartes found? a Homological algebra b Finite mathematics c Calculus d Analytic geometry Answer: d page 709 16 Why were the Catholic and the Protestant Churches opposed to Kepler’s and Galileo’s heliocentric theory? a For contradicting certain biblical passages b For resembling the pagan myths about Apollo c For challenging belief in God as creator d For implying the existence of other solar systems Answer: a page 711 17 Of what does a vanitas painting remind the viewer? a To avoid the pleasures of everyday life b To appreciate the beauty in nature c To focus on the spiritual, not the material d To enjoy the pleasures of everyday life Answer: c page 712 18 Why did Johannes Goedaert paint a broken and empty nautilus shell beside the vase in his Flowers in a Wan-li Vase with Blue-Tit? a To emphasize the exotic origin of the Ming vase b To symbolize worldly wealth, vanity, and mortality c To balance the bird on the canvas’s other side d To parallel the shape of the tulips’ open blooms Answer: b page 712 19 What most of Jan Vermeer’s 34 painting depict? a The symmetry of Dutch domestic architecture b A moment in the domestic world of women c National pride in Dutch land reclamation d A civic institution’s membership at a particular time Answer: b page 715 20 What might the pearls In Vermeer’s Woman with a Pearl Necklace represent? a Wealth b Foreign trade c Purity 13 d Greed Answer: c page 715 21 In The Little Street why does Vermeer include a half-whitewashed wall and a mortar-filled cracked faỗade? a To show the tensions of domestic life b To symbolize Protestants and Catholic division c To emphasize the differences between two houses d To acknowledge the disparity between classes Answer: a page 716 22 Why was Rembrandt’s Captain Frans Banning Cocq Mustering His Company once mistitled The Night Watch? a It was covered with grime b Captain Cocq was a Spanish spy c Rembrandt never titled it d The subject’s name was unknown Answer: a page 718 23 Why was Rembrandt so interested in self-portraiture? a He wished to emulate Albrecht Dürer’s self-portrait b He suffered from an excess of vanity c He aimed to document the changes age brought d His own face provided the ideal practice subject Answer: d page 719 24 Why in 1656 was Rembrandt forced to declare bankruptcy? a His wife’s poor health created massive debt b He had a gambling problem c His paintings proved unpopular and did not sell d He was notorious for living beyond his means Answer: d page 719 25 In The Anatomy Lesson of Dr Tulp, why does Rembrandt illuminate the cadaver? a To evoke the executed man’s similarity to Christ b To enable the viewer to see the anatomical detail c To highlight the impossibility of resurrection d To draw the viewer’s eye to the painting’s center Answer: c page 720 26 Why can Rembrandt’s late work Slaughtered Ox be viewed as optimistic? a Soft light falls on the animal’s carcass b The carcass suggests a feast to come c The crucifixion pose implies redemption d The maid in the doorway represents the Virgin Answer: b page 722 27 What provided one of the main forms of entertainment at Dutch family gatherings? 14 a The performance of keyboard music b Fantasias played on an organ c Virtuoso performances on the violin d The singing of secular madrigals Answer: a page 724 28 What distinguished Bach’s cantatas from the simple melodies of the Lutheran chorales on which they were based? a Lush string accompaniments b A double chorus c Addition of counterpoint d Narration by a tenor evangelist Answer: c page 725 29 Why can Bach’s fugues be viewed as sublime examples of Cartesian rationalism? a Their multiple instruments b Their blending of words and strings c Their single thematic idea d Their mathematical clarity Answer: d page 726 30 In Descent from the Cross, discussed in the chapter’s “Continuity and Change” section, why does Rembrandt push his scene deeper into the canvas than does Rubens in his earlier painting of the same title? a To make his small painting more intimate b To remove the viewers from the action c To make the subjects look more helpless d To accommodate more subjects around the cross Answer: b page 727 Matching 31 Francis Bacon a Well-Tempered Clavier 32 Johann Sebastian Bach b The Geographer 33 Jacob Cats c Novian Organum Scientiarum (The New Method of Science) 34 René Descartes d The Dancing Couple 35 Judith Leyster e The Anatomy Lesson of Dr Tulp 36 Rembrandt van Rijn f The Proposition 37 Jan Steen g Houwelick (Marriage) 38 Jan Vermeer h Discourse on Method Answers: 31-c, 32-a, 33-g, 34-h, 35-f, 36-e, 37-d, 38-b Essay 39 List and define three ways in which seventeenth-century Amsterdam can be considered a city of contradictions 40 Summarize the frenzied speculation in tulip bulbs known as “Tulipomania,” including its effects on the Dutch economy and the people 15 41 Describe the development, beliefs, and appearance of the Dutch Reformed Church 42 List and briefly explain Francis Bacon’s four major categories of false notion 43 Explain the meaning and significance of René Descartes’ famous expression, “Cogito, ergo sum “ (“I think, therefore I am”) 44 Summarize Descartes’ use of deductive reasoning to prove to his satisfaction the existence of God 45 Compare Bacon’s empirical method to Descartes’ s deductive reasoning 46 Explain the effect of the camera obscura and the microscope on the detail-obsessed Dutch artists 47 List and describe three of the most popular subjects of Dutch artists 48 Describe the position of the seventeenth-century Dutch woman as evidenced by the paintings of Judith Leyster and Jan Vermeer 49 Using as examples at least two of his works, describe Rembrandt van Rijn’s use and meaning of light 50 Describe the developments in Dutch music during the seventeenth century, highlighting especially the innovations and contributions of Johann Sebastian Bach  ... painting of the same title? a To make his small painting more intimate b To remove the viewers from the action c To make the subjects look more helpless d To accommodate more subjects around the cross... 725 29 Why can Bach’s fugues be viewed as sublime examples of Cartesian rationalism? a Their multiple instruments b Their blending of words and strings c Their single thematic idea d Their mathematical... page 722 27 What provided one of the main forms of entertainment at Dutch family gatherings? 14 a The performance of keyboard music b Fantasias played on an organ c Virtuoso performances on the