Public administration and public affairs 12th edition nicholas henry test bank

INSTRUCTOR’S MANUAL & TEST BANK to accompany PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS Twelfth Edition Nicholas Henry Georgia Southern University Prepared by: Christine Ludowise Georgia Southern University Pearson Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson, Lake St., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America The contents, or parts thereof, may be reproduced with Public Administration and Public Affairs, 12th Edition, by Nicholas Henry, provided such reproductions bear copyright notice, but may not be reproduced in any form for any other purpose without written permission from the copyright owner To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, Lake St., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 www.pearsonhighered.com TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents ISBN-10: 0-205-86445-7 ISBN-13: 978-0-205-86445-4 Lesson Assignments Chapter Big Democracy, Big Bureaucracy Chapter Paradigms of Public Administration 11 Chapter The Threads of Organizations: Theories 17 Chapter The Fabric of Organizations: Forces 24 Chapter The Fibres of Organizations: People 33 Chapter Clarifying Complexity: The Public’s Information Resource 41 Chapter The Constant Quest: Efficient and Effective Government 48 Chapter The Public Trough: Financing and Budgeting Governments 56 Chapter Managing Human Capital in the Public Sector 69 Chapter 10 Understanding and Improving Public Policy 81 Chapter 11 Intersectoral Administration 88 Chapter 12 Intergovernmental Administration 97 Chapter 13 Toward A Bureaucratic Ethic 107 LESSON ASSIGNMENTS Each of the text's thirteen chapters are organized in this test banks as follows:  A summary of the chapter  The educational objectives of the chapter  Key concepts and terms in the chapter  Multiple choice, true/false, and short answer questions Through the use of this Instructor’s Manual and Test Item File, the instructor's task should be eased, classroom discussions enhanced, and tests rendered more rigorous You will find that Public Administration and Public Affairs becomes an even more effective instructional tool with these features Chapter One BIG DEMOCRACY, BIG BUREAUCRACY CHAPTER OVERVIEW A discussion of the tradition and context of American public administration sets the tone for the book, focusing on American’s preference for constrained public leadership The public perception of bureaucracy (pejorative) is juxtaposed with the public’s reliance upon and acceptance of public administrators (favorable) The chapter concludes by discussing the cultural, institutional, and legal contexts in which public administration takes place in the United States CHAPTER OBJECTIVES Understand the political culture and developments that shaped U.S government and public administration Explain the difference between Hamilton’s and Jefferson’s vision of the bureaucracy Understand the consequences of a constrained government and public administration Reconcile the differences between public suspicion of public administration and positive individual experiences with public administrators Identify the importance of the policy-making role of public administrators CHAPTER OUTLINE AN UNPROMISING PRECIS The Indians and the English Administration by Ambassadors: The Articles of Confederation Administration by Legislators: The First State Constitutions Administration by Enfeebled Executives: Jefferson Prevails Hamiltonian Energy Jeffersonian Constraint A CULTURE OF CONSTRAINT Americans and Their Governments Governing in a Distrusting Culture Distrust of Elected Leaders Distrust of Government Why Trust Matters Some Diverse and Unexpected Correlations High Trust Equals High Performance THE CONSEQUENCES OF CONSTRAINT Hobbled Elective Chief Executives The Domesticated Presidency Constraining Governors An Insipid Appointment Power Lieutenant Governors, Term Limits, and Recalls Puny Political Powers The Rising Recall Constraining Local Elected Chief Executives Hobbled Governments Constraining the Federal Government Constraining State Governments Constraining Local Governments The Unclear Outcomes of Imposed Constraints Hobbled Governmental Growth INFERNAL VERNON: A CASE OF UNCONSTRAINED PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (case study) THE BUREAUCRAT: BRAINED, BLAMED AND BOUNCING BACK Bashing Bureaucrats Politicians’ Pandering Academia’s Undercutting Media’s Mordancy Are Bureaucrats to Blame? The Public Likes Public Administrators Encountering Bureaucrats The Bureaucrat: Government’s Savior? THE PARADOXICAL POWER: THE GRAY EMINENCE OF THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATOR Staying Power Discretion Counts Policymaking Power Policymaking by Federal Administrators Policymaking by State Administrators Policymaking by Local Administrators Lethargic Local Legislators The Demise of Democracy? Stopping Power The Contest for Control Presidents versus Bureaucrats: Mobilizing the Bureaucracy Presidential Frustration Bringing Bureaucracy to Heel? Executive Expertise Presidential Indifference Control and Autonomy A Bureaucracy Newly Girded Governors versus Legislators: The Battle for the Bureaucracy KNOWLEDGE: THE BASE OF BUREAUCRATIC POWER Knowledge is Power Knowledge, Power, and the Public Interest KEY CONCEPTS/TERMS/INDIVIDUALS social contract The Articles of Confederation Alexander Hamilton Thomas Jefferson the “hollow government” “government by gridlock” social capital recall referendum initiative or initiative petition staying power discretionary power legislative veto policy agenda noetic authority Max Weber TEACHING IDEAS Have students, in groups, revisit and rewrite the Constitution Ask them to design and insert an additional article that clearly articulates the role of the bureaucracy in American Government Then discuss the problems they faced in clearly defining and limiting the “fourth” branch of government Invite the local city or county manager to speak to your class Ask him/her to focus their discussion on their relationships with the executive and legislative branches, as well as how s/he views his/her policy-making role Ask students to relate a good experience they or their family has had with a public agency or with public services Have them reconcile their experience with the perception of bureaucracy as a big, unwieldy, unhelpful entity BACKGROUND READING De Tocqueville, Alexis Democracy in America New York: Penguin Classics, 2003 Goodsell, Charles T The Case for Bureaucracy: A Public Administration Polemic, 2nd ed Chatham: Chatham House, 1985 Hamilton, Alexander, James Madison, and John Jay The Federalist Papers New York: Penguin Classics, 1987 Lorenzo, David J “Countering Popular Misconceptions of Federal Bureaucracies in American Government Classes.” Political Science and Politics (December 1999): 743747 Wilson, Woodrow “The Study of Administration.” Political Science Quarterly (June/July 1887): 197-222 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS The unwritten agreement between the government and the governed that defines the responsibilities of each party is referred to as a a b c d At the local level, public administration is characterized by unusually weak a b c d a recall a referendum an initiative a supermajority is the device used to reconcile bureaucracy with democracy a b c d chief executives budgetary officers legislative bodies judges In many states, citizens have constrained government activities by adopting principles of direct democracy Which of the following places an issue on the ballot through petitions signed by registered voters? a b c d referendum discretionary decision social contract constitution Public administration Public policy Civic responsibility Legislative action American public administration is characterized as a b c aggressive constrained forceful d destructive The power that is derived from knowledge is authority a b c d partial narrow classified noetic What percentage of American has a favorable opinion of government workers? a 20% b 50% c 70% d 90% A _ election allows voters to determine whether an elected official can complete his/her term in office a b c d primary referendum recall general _ power refers to a public administrator’s authority to decide how to implement public policies a b c d Discretionary Legislative Judicial Noetic 10 Congressional repeal of an executive action taken in the course of administering a law is known as a a b c d line-item veto legislative veto discretionary veto political veto TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS 11 The Articles of Confederation created a strong national government with a centralized bureaucratic structure FALSE 12 Public administration and bureaucracy are specifically referenced in the U.S Constitution FALSE 13 The majority of Americans believe that they have been treated fairly in their interactions with public bureaucrats TRUE 14 In contrast to Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson supported a constrained administrative tradition TRUE 15 The United States has smaller governments and lower taxes than comparable countries TRUE 16 There is a clear correlation between strong social capital and low performing state government FALSE SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 17 Discuss why U.S presidents may feel frustrated by or indifferent to the bureaucracy What are the potential consequences of these actions? 18 Why did the Framers of the U.S Constitution create constrained government structures and processes? 19 Discuss the differences between the image and the reality of the public bureaucrat 20 What are some of the features of constrained public administration? 21 How would you describe American’s view of their governments today? 22 Discuss the ways in which legislative and executive institutions have been “bureaucratized” 23 Speculate on the “staying power” of government agencies What mechanisms prevent the failure of government bureaucracies? Chapter Two PARADIGMS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION CHAPTER OVERVIEW The intellectual evolution of the field and profession of public administration is reviewed, focusing on the major developments in the twentieth century Six paradigms of public administration are explained, concluding with a discussion of the waning of government and the development of governance in the public sector CHAPTER OBJECTIVES Understand and explain how the discipline of public administration has developed over time Understand the relationship between how public administration is defined and how public administration is practiced Identify the perceived differences between politics and administration and discuss how those concepts have evolved and meshed over time Discuss the concept of principles of administration Identify the principles included in the anagram POSDCORB and why they were considered important foundations of public administration Describe public administration as an autonomous field CHAPTER OUTLINE THE BEGINNING Think Tanks for Public Service Public Administration and the Intellectuals: The Fortuitous Year of 1914 Public Administration – “No Career for a Gentleman” Turning Sharply: Academia’s Reconsideration PARADIGM 1: THE POLITICS/ADMINISTRATION DICHOTOMY, 1900-1926 The Uses of the Dichotomy The Dilemma of the Dichotomy PARADIGM 2: PRINCIPLES OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, 1927-1937 A Reputational Zenith Money and Power An Academic Backtrack The Meaning of Principles THE CHALLENGE, 1938-1950 Deflating the Dichotomy The Demise of the Dichotomy A Dead Dichotomy, a Diminished Field Puncturing the Principles Fearful Reactions PARADIGM 3: PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AS POLITICAL SCIENCE, 1950-1970 Consternation and Contempt The Impact of Political Science: Bureaucracy in the Service of Democracy PARADIGM 4: PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AS MANAGEMENT, 1950-1970 The “Groundswell” of Management “Fundamentally Alike in All Unimportant Respects” The Erratic Impact of the Intellectuals What is Missing? The Impact of Management: Understanding the “Public” in Public Administration The Agency, or Institutional, Definition of “Public” The Interest, or Philosophic, Definition of “Public” The Access, or Organizational, Definition of “Public” Three Interlocked Understandings of “Public” THE FORCES OF SEPARATISM, 1965-1970 PARADIGM 5: PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AS PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, 1970PRESENT NASPAA’s Nascency The Statistics of Secession From Politics/Administration Dichotomy to Political-Administration Continuum The Pioneers of Public Administration Were Right Professional Public Administration Improves Governance Public Administrators, Politicians, and Teamwork Two Quiet Revolutions: The Pioneers’ Prime Proposals LOGICS: POLITICS AND ADMINISTRATION (case study) PARADIGM 6: GOVERNANCE, 1990-PRESENT The Future of Governing The Decline of Governments “Making a Mesh of Things”: The Rise of Governance Does Governance Work? The Future of Public Administration: The Nonprofit Sector? PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, HAPPY AT LAST KEY CONCEPTS/TERMS/INDIVIDUALS The New York Bureau of Municipal Research Paradigm Frank J Goodnow politics/administration dichotomy politics administration Leonard D White Paradigm W.F Willoughby Luther H Gulick and Lyndall Urwick Chester I Barnard Herbert A Simon span of control American Society for Public Administration Paradigm Paradigm administrative science generic management agency interest access National Academy of Public Administration Paradigm National Association of Schools of Public Affairs and Administration (NASPAA) Master of Public Administration (M.P.A.) programs Paradigm government governance focused deterrence TEACHING IDEAS Ask students about the principles that American government is based upon As they discuss those values, focus their attention on both the normative and the procedural aspects Is it possible to make administration “value-free”? Why or why not? Could we ever divorce administration from politics? Place students in small groups Ask each group to come with it’s own “principles” of public administration What is the role and purpose of administration in the public sector? What should it – and what does it do? Again, emphasize the normative aspects of those questions Have students discuss the input that citizens can have on local policy- and decisionmaking through their interactions with local administrators, executives, and legislators Ask them to clearly articulate why local government is generally more responsive to citizen feedback BACKGROUND READING Agranoff, Robert and Michael McGuire “American Federalism and the Search for Models of Management.” Public Administration Review 61 (November/December 2001): 671-681 Goodnow, Frank J Politics and Administration New York: Macmillan, 1900 Gulick, Luther and Lyndall Urwick Papers on the Science of Administration New York: Institute of Public Administration, 1937 Simon, Herbert A Administrative Behavior: A Study of Decision-Making in Administrative Organizations, 3rd ed New York: Free Press, 1976 Waldo, Dwight “Public Administration.” Political Science: Advance of the Discipline, Marian D Irish, ed Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1968 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Woodrow Wilson set the tone for the early study of public administration with an essay entitled a b c d The emphasis of the first paradigm of public administration was a b c d The Function of the Executive Administrative Behavior Public Administration Today and Tomorrow Principles of Administration Founded in 1939 to separate public administration from political science, the primary association of scholars and practitioners of public administration is the a b c d political corruption the science of management the existence of a dichotomy between politics and administration principles of governance In 1947, Herbert Simon published a devastating critique of public administration entitled a b c d The Study of Politics The Study of Administration The Paradigm of Progress The Development of Organizational Thought American Political Science Association American Society for Public Administration National Academy of Public Administration Public Administration Theory Network Administrative science attempted to place public administration more clearly within the field of a b c political science sociology psychology d Schools that offer the MPA degree may apply for accreditation through _, which brings with it higher prestige, more effective programming, and enhanced ability to recruit faculty and students a b c d business administration American Political Science Association American Society for Public Administration National Association of Schools of Public Affairs and Administration National Academy of Public Administration Which of the following was not advocated for by early public administrationists? a home rule b non-partisan elections c short ballots d citizen satisfaction surveys _ is a network-based method designed to reduce gang-related violence through collaborative governance across multiple policy sectors, including police, prosecutors, and social workers a b c d The major difference between government and governance is that governance is a b c d 10 Scientific management Focused deterrence Critical variable analysis Interdependence institutional only institutional and networked institutional and global networked and privatized refers to the degree of openness that distinguishes privateness from publicness a b c d Agency Interest Access Locus TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS 11 Early in its development, public administration emerged as a building block of political science TRUE 12 American public administration clearly mirrors the fundamental values and precepts of American political science TRUE 13 Public administration is no different than business administration and management FALSE 14 Using objective measures, career public administrators are the most effective government managers TRUE 15 The council-manager form of government has brought more conflict and less collaboration to local governments FALSE 16 Politics is an inevitable element of public administration TRUE 17 The vast majority of students in M.P.A programs nationwide are male FALSE SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 18 There are six paradigms of public administration Trace the development of the discipline from the politics/administration dichotomy through the politics-administration continuum 19 What is the politics/administration dichotomy? 20 Describe the major forces that undermined the politics/administration dichotomy and the principles of administration 21 In the 1920s and 1930s, the concept of principles of administration dominated the field Discuss the development of this paradigm 22 Public administration upholds the values of the political system, as described by political science What are some of these values? 23 Discuss why it may be in the best interest of the public and public agencies for administrators to have public administration backgrounds rather than degrees in political science or business  ... America The contents, or parts thereof, may be reproduced with Public Administration and Public Affairs, 12th Edition, by Nicholas Henry, provided such reproductions bear copyright notice, but... Manual and Test Item File, the instructor's task should be eased, classroom discussions enhanced, and tests rendered more rigorous You will find that Public Administration and Public Affairs. .. a constrained government and public administration Reconcile the differences between public suspicion of public administration and positive individual experiences with public administrators Identify