How Banks Create Money

Create_a_Local_Yum_Repository How to create a yum repository on RHEL/CentOS 5.x with CD/DVD or ISO images.• How to create a yum repository on RHEL/CentOS 5.x with CD/DVD or ISO images o Mount your CD/DVD or ISO images  DVD Disk or DVD ISO image  CD images o Install necessary package o Create yum repository  Create metadata  Define yum repository  Test it How to create a yum repository on RHEL/CentOS 5.x with CD/DVD or ISO imagesWe need several packages to create yum repository, you can install them from CD/DVD disks or ISO images.# yum install createrepo wget# cd /mnt # createrepo .Mount your CD/DVD or ISO imagesDVD Disk or DVD ISO image• If you have DVD disk, please mount dvd-rom first, and then create yum repository:# mkdir /mnt/dvd/# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/dvd/• If you use DVD iso, please copy it to the system, and then create yum repository:# mkdir /mnt/dvd/# mount -o loop /root/rhel5.1-dvd.iso /mnt/dvdCD imagesIf you have multiple CD image files, you should mount all iso images and then create yum repository.• Mount all iso images:# mkdir -p /mnt/{1,2,3,4,5}# mount -o loop rhel5.1-disc1.iso /mnt/1# mount -o loop rhel5.1-disc2.iso /mnt/2# mount -o loop rhel5.1-disc3.iso /mnt/3# mount -o loop rhel5.1-disc4.iso /mnt/4# mount -o loop rhel5.1-disc5.iso /mnt/5Install necessary package • Find and install 'createrepo' package in /mnt directory:# find /mnt -iname 'createrepo*'/mnt/dvd/Server/createrepo-0.4.11-3.el5.noarch.rpm# rpm -ivh /mnt/dvd/Server/createrepo-0.4.11-3.el5.noarch.rpmCreate yum repositoryCreate metadata• Create yum repository:# cd /mnt/# createrepo .Define yum repositoryCreate yum repository define file /etc/yum.repos.d/dvdiso.repo:[MailRepo]name=MailRepobaseurl=file:///mnt/enabled=1gpgcheck=0Test it# yum clean all# yum listIf 'yum list' list all packages in DVD/CD disks or ISO images, it works. :) How Banks Create Money How Banks Create Money By: OpenStaxCollege Banks and money are intertwined It is not just that most money is in the form of bank accounts The banking system can literally create money through the process of making loans Let’s see how Money Creation by a Single Bank Start with a hypothetical bank called Singleton Bank The bank has $10 million in deposits The T-account balance sheet for Singleton Bank, when it holds all of the deposits in its vaults, is shown in [link] At this stage, Singleton Bank is simply storing money for depositors and is using these deposits to make loans In this simplified example, Singleton Bank cannot earn any interest income from these loans and cannot pay its depositors an interest rate either Singleton Bank’s Balance Sheet: Receives $10 million in Deposits Singleton Bank is required by the Federal Reserve to keep $1 million on reserve (10% of total deposits) It will loan out the remaining $9 million By loaning out the $9 million and charging interest, it will be able to make interest payments to depositors and earn interest income for Singleton Bank (for now, we will keep it simple and not put interest income on the balance sheet) Instead of becoming just a storage place for deposits, Singleton Bank can become a financial intermediary between savers and borrowers This change in business plan alters Singleton Bank’s balance sheet, as shown in [link] Singleton’s assets have changed; it now has $1 million in reserves and a loan to Hank’s Auto Supply of $9 million The bank still has $10 million in deposits 1/7 How Banks Create Money Singleton Bank’s Balance Sheet: 10% Reserves, One Round of Loans Singleton Bank lends $9 million to Hank’s Auto Supply The bank records this loan by making an entry on the balance sheet to indicate that a loan has been made This loan is an asset, because it will generate interest income for the bank Of course, the loan officer is not going to let Hank walk out of the bank with $9 million in cash The bank issues Hank’s Auto Supply a cashier’s check for the $9 million Hank deposits the loan in his regular checking account with First National The deposits at First National rise by $9 million and its reserves also rise by $9 million, as [link] shows First National must hold 10% of additional deposits as required reserves but is free to loan out the rest First National Balance Sheet Making loans that are deposited into a demand deposit account increases the M1 money supply Remember the definition of M1 includes checkable (demand) deposits, which can be easily used as a medium of exchange to buy goods and services Notice that the money supply is now $19 million: $10 million in deposits in Singleton bank and $9 million in deposits at First National Obviously these deposits will be drawn down as Hank’s Auto Supply writes checks to pay its bills But the bigger picture is that a bank must hold enough money in reserves to meet its liabilities; the rest the bank loans out In this example so far, bank lending has expanded the money supply by $9 million Now, First National must hold only 10% as required reserves ($90,000) but can lend out the other 90% ($8.1 million) in a loan to Jack’s Chevy Dealership as shown in [link] First National Balance Sheet If Jack’s deposits the loan in its checking account at Second National, the money supply just increased by an additional $8.1 million, as [link] shows Second National Bank’s Balance Sheet 2/7 How Banks Create Money How is this money creation possible? It is possible because there are multiple banks in the financial system, they are required to hold only a fraction of their deposits, and loans end up deposited in other banks, which increases deposits and, in essence, the money supply Watch this video to learn more about how banks create money The Money Multiplier and a Multi-Bank System In a system with multiple banks, the initial excess reserve amount that Singleton Bank decided to lend to Hank’s Auto Supply was deposited into Frist National Bank, which is free to loan out $8.1 million If all banks loan out their excess reserves, the money supply will expand In a multi-bank system, the amount of money that the system can create is found by using the money multiplier The money multiplier tells us by how many times a loan will be “multiplied” as it is spent in the economy and then redeposited in other banks Fortunately, a formula exists for calculating the total of these many rounds of lending in a banking system The money multiplier formula is: Reserve Requirement The money multiplier is then multiplied by the change in excess reserves to determine the total amount of M1 money supply created in the banking system See the Work it Out feature to walk through the multiplier calculation Using the Money Multiplier Formula Using the money multiplier for the example in this text: Step In the case of Singleton Bank, for whom the reserve requirement is 10% (or 0.10), the money multiplier is divided by 10, which ...http://helpinlinux.blogspot.com/search/label/storageHow to create a Raid Device using madadm in linux rhel5 with level 5, 0 and 1The following article explains what is Raid, what are important levels and how to install and configure a raid device in a linux system using the software mdadm. This is tested in Redhat rhel5 and also works with other distributions as fedora, centos etc. What is RAID?RAID is redundant array of independent or inexpensive disks. It is mainly used for data protection. It protects our data storage from failures and data loss. All storage units now use raid technology. It has following uses.1. Data protection2. Increasing performanceTypes of RAIDs:There are alot of levels of RAIDs. But the main levels are1. Level 0 or Striping2. Level 1 or Mirroring3. Level 5 or Striping + ParityLevel 0:It is also known as striping. You know hard disk is a block device. Datas are read and written from/to it by blocks. Suppose we have data block as below1 0 1 1Suppose each bit takes one cpu clock cycles for writing into a disk. Total, it will take 4 cpu clock cycles.With stripping:In striping we use "N" number of hard disks. RAID devides the data block by "N" and writes each part to each disk in parallel. If we have 4 hard disks, It'll take only one cpu clock cycle if we use Level 0 RAID.Raid 0 is best for where more writing take place than reading. But is insecure as there is no recovery mechanisms.Level 1:Also known as Mirroring. One is the exact replica of other. Whatever writing to master disk will be written in to mirror disk also. Reading can be performed fro each disk simultaneously, thus increasing the read performance.But can be utilize only 50% of the total size.Level 5:It is a combination of striping and parity. Need at least three hard disks. Both parity and data are distributed in all. If one hard disk fails, data on that can be regenerated by the data and parity information in the other two hard disks.###RAID###Raid 5 :need 3 disksRaid 0 :need 2 disksRaid 1 :need 2 disksfirst partition disks***RAID 5***Here we'll show how to create a Level 5 raid device. Here we use three partitions /dev/sda5 /dev/sda6 /dev/sda7. Keep in mind that, in real industry it'll be three different hard disks.This following command will create a raid device /dev/md0 with level 5#mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=5 --raid-devices=3 /dev/sda{5,6,7}Formatting the raid device#mke2fs -j /dev/md0Creating mount point#mkdir /raid5Mounting the raid device to the created mount point #mount /dev/md0 /raid5Making the mount permanent by adding it in fstab#vi /etc/fstab /dev/md0 /raid5 ext3 defaults 0 0:wq#mount -aTest read and write permissions. And if you want you can check whether the raid is working by failing or deleting any partition it consists of.touch something in /raid5 and delete one of partitions of sda5,sda6,sda7This is how we can create a Raid device with level 1***RAID 1***#mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sda{5,6}This is how we can create a Raid device with level 0***RAID 0***#mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=0 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sda{5,6}Stopping mdadm*Unmount the md0 before stopping mdadm#mdadm --stop /dev/md0If you want to create additional devices[ie there exists a /dev/md0] you may need to add an "-a yes" option to the mdadm command. For example,#mdadm --create /dev/md1 -a yes How to Create a Compelling Company Story That Inspires Employees to Excel T his chapter introduces the concept of a company story and shows you how to analyze your story against an established business growth line. You will learn to create a company story, use selected elements of your story to create organizational energy fields, and recognize the three stages of a company’s life cycle. You will practice writing your company story and learn how to shift your story to prevent stagnation or failure. 1 CHAPTER 1 T HE C OMPANY S TORY : T HE “S INGLE M OST P OWERFUL W EAPON ” IN P REPARING A B USINESS P LAN “And I suggest, further, that it is stories of identity—narratives that help individuals think about and feel who they are, where they come from, and where they are headed—that constitute the single most powerful weapon in the leader’s literary arsenal.” — Howard Gardner 1 I can think of no statement more powerful in setting the stage for describing the concept of story than the one by Howard Gardner. Originally I read his book Leading Minds: An Anatomy of Leadership to find a piece missing from my leadership models and subsequent leadership seminars. His work is convincing evidence that it is more than what leaders do that makes them successful. It is who leaders are. If leaders are people who tell stories that other people choose to follow, then why aren’t company stories just as important? For the past few years I have been developing the concept of a company story. In testing this idea with thousands of managers from all ranks of business, I found consistent themes. Most organi- zations fail not because they are badly managed. Evil people with bad-spirited intentions do not run most businesses. The opposite is true. Over the years I’ve found managers who want to do well but just can’t seem to get the hang of this management job. My con- clusion is that they fail because their stories are not consistent, con- gruent, or believable. Basically, employees want to believe in their management. They want to come to work every day to excel. People need a cause to believe in and work toward. Leaders in history have known this need and have played it to both good and bad returns for humankind. Hitler understood the need for people to believe in something. As evil as it was he gave them a story. Churchill also had a story, which led his nation out of its darkest hour. Seven Steps to a Successful Business Plan 2 The best example of how a leader creates a company story is one I experienced in a movie. Critics had been very unkind to Kevin Costner’s release of The Postman. During the first part of the movie I could understand their unkind critique. Then suddenly the movie took a serious turn. As the main character in the movie, Costner visits a community under the guise of being a postman. All he wants is a little food and a refuge. As his character develops, a story emerges. The scene where he swears in another postman, Ford Lincoln Mercury, makes a moving case that people need a story, need direction, and need hope. The remainder of the film is about the energy field developed from the story Costner tells, how it is picked up by his believers, and how it emerges as the second American Revolution. Although the movie is a fantasy tale, there are important messages that we can translate into your business planning. T HE T HREE R EASONS C OMPANY S TORIES F ALL S HORT How to Create Team Norms Làm sao để Tạo ra những khuôn mẫu Đội Adopting Guidelines for Team Member Relationships Adopting Những hướng dẫn (cho) những mối quan hệ Thành viên Đội Free Communication Course Become A Master of Communication! Download Free Guide & Online Course VolunteerMinisters.org Brad Sugars Official site of int'l speaker, author and founder of ActionCOACH www.bradsugars.com Teamwork Transformed What are the 17 Coaching Questions that Transform Team Results? www.BusinessTransformed.com/teams Truyền thông CourseBecome Tự do Một người Chủ (của) Truyền thông! Hướng dẫn Tự do Tải xuống & Trực tuyến CourseVolunteerMinisters.org Đinh mất đầu bọc đườngOfficial chỗ (của) int' L người nói, tác giả và người sáng lập (của) ActionCOACHwww.bradsugars.com Teamwork TransformedWhat là 17 huấn luyện những câu hỏi mà Thay đổi những kết quả Đội?www. BusinessTransformed.com / những đội The members of every team and work group develop particular ways of interacting with each other over time. Effective interpersonal communication among members and successful communication with managers and employees external to the team are critical components of team functioning. The những thành viên (của) mọi đội và nhóm công việc phát triển những cách tương tác đặc biệt lẫn nhau trong thời gian. Truyền thông giữa cá nhân với nhau Có hiệu quả trong số những thành viên và truyền thông thành công với những giám đốc và những người làm thuê ngoài đối với đội là những yếu tố quyết định (của) chức năng đội How a team makes decisions, assigns work, and holds members accountable determines team success. With the potential power of the impact of these interactions on team success, why leave team member interaction to chance? Form team relationship guidelines or team norms early to ensure team success. How một đội làm những quyết định, gán công việc, và giữ những thành viên chịu trách nhiệm xác định thành công đội. Với sức mạnh tiềm tàng (của) tác động (của) những sự tương tác này trên đội thành công, tại sao rời bỏ sự tương tác thành viên đội để tình cờ? Hình thành những hướng dẫn mối quan hệ đội hay những khuôn mẫu đội sớm để bảo đảm thành công đội. What Are Team Norms or Relationship Guidelines? Team norms are a set of rules or guidelines that a team establishes to shape the interaction of team members with each other and with employees who are external to the team. Team norms can be developed during an early team meeting. More norms can be added as the team sees the need for additional guidelines. What Đội là những khuôn mẫu hay những hướng dẫn Mối quan hệ? Những khuôn mẫu Đội là một tập hợp (của) những quy tắc hay những hướng dẫn mà một Đội thiết lập tới hình dạng sự tương tác (của) những thành viên Đội lẫn nhau và với những người làm thuê người mà (thì) ngoài tới Đội. Những khuôn mẫu Đội có thể được phát triển trong thời gian một Đội sớm đang gặp. Nhiều khuôn mẫu hơn có thể (thì) bổ sung khi đội nhìn thấy nhu cầu (cho) những hướng dẫn bổ sung. Once developed, team norms are used to guide team member behavior. Team norms are used to assess how well team members are interacting. Team norms enable team members to call each other out on any behavior that is dysfunctional or that is negatively impacting the success of the team. Once những khuôn mẫu phát triển, đội được dùng để hướng dẫn hành vi thành viên đội. Những khuôn mẫu Đội được dùng để đánh giá những thành viên Đội đang tương tác tốt ra sao. Những khuôn mẫu Đội cho phép những thành viên Đội gọi cho lẫn nhau ở ngoài trên bất kỳ hành vi nào mà (thì) loạn chức năng hay mà phủ định đang đụng chạm thành công (của) Đội. In one of www.rockwelltrading.com © by Rockwell Trading, Inc Re-transmission or reproduction of any part of this material is strictly prohibited without the prior written consent of Rockwell Trading, Inc. Introduction: How to Make Money with Trading Systems ______________________ 2 How to Develop a Profitable Trading System_________________________________ 3 Step 1: Select a market and a timeframe _______________________________________________ 3 Step 2: Define entry rules____________________________________________________________ 4 Step 3: Define exit rules _____________________________________________________________ 5 Step 4: Evaluate your system_________________________________________________________ 6 Step 5: Improving your system _______________________________________________________ 8 Conclusion________________________________________________________________________ 8 A Sample Trading System ________________________________________________ 9 Step 1: Selecting a market and timeframe ______________________________________________ 9 Step 2: Define entry rules____________________________________________________________ 9 Step 3: Define exit rules ____________________________________________________________ 11 Step 4: Evaluate your system________________________________________________________ 12 Step 5: Improving your system ______________________________________________________ 14 Conclusion_______________________________________________________________________ 15 The 10 Power Principles of Successful Trading Systems_______________________ 16 Principle #1: Few rules - easy to understand ___________________________________________ 16 Principle #2: Trade electronic and liquid markets ______________________________________ 16 Principle #3: Make consistent profits _________________________________________________ 17 Principle #4: Maintain a healthy balance between risk and reward ________________________ 17 Principle #5: Find a system that produces at least five trades per week _____________________ 17 Principle #6: Start small - grow big___________________________________________________ 18 Principle #7: Automate your trading _________________________________________________ 18 Principle #8: Have a high percentage of winning trades__________________________________ 18 Principle #9: Look for a system that is tested on at least 200 trades ________________________ 19 Principle #10: Chose a valid backtesting period ________________________________________ 19 How to apply the 10 Power Principles – An Example _________________________ 20 Tips, Tricks and Important Information You MUST Know ____________________ 22 How often should you evaluate a system?______________________________________________ 22 Should I override the strategy? ______________________________________________________ 24 Understanding "Winning Percentage"________________________________________________ 25 What it takes to be a winner ________________________________________________________ 26 Maintain Your Perspective _________________________________________________________ 28 www.rockwelltrading.com © by Rockwell Trading, Inc Re-transmission or reproduction of any part of this material is strictly prohibited without the prior written consent of Rockwell Trading, Inc. Introduction: How to Make Money with Trading Systems Every minute more than 150 Million Dollars change hands in the ... is worth more Review Questions How banks create money? What is the formula for the money multiplier? 6/7 How Banks Create Money Critical Thinking Questions Should banks have to hold 100% of their... decline Watch a video of Jem Bendell discussing “The Money Myth.” 4/7 How Banks Create Money Money and Banks Benefits and Dangers Money and banks are marvelous social inventions that help a modern... by banks as a policy move to affect the quantity of money in an economy, as Monetary Policy and Bank Regulation will discuss The process of how banks create money shows how the quantity of money