Introduction to Polynomial and Rational Functions

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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-WesleyChapter 6I/O Streams as an Introduction to Objects and Classes Slide 6- 3Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-WesleyOverview6.1 Streams and Basic File I/O 6.2 Tools for Stream I/O6.3 Character I/O6.4 Inheritance Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley6.1Streams and Basic File I/O Slide 6- 5Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-WesleyI/O StreamsI/O refers to program input and outputInput is delivered to your program via a stream objectInput can be fromThe keyboardA fileOutput is delivered to the output device via a streamobjectOutput can be to The screenA file Slide 6- 6Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-WesleyObjectsObjects are special variables thatHave their own special-purpose functionsSet C++ apart from earlier programming languages Slide 6- 7Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-WesleyStreams and Basic File I/OFiles for I/O are the same type of files used tostore programsA stream is a flow of data.Input stream: Data flows into the programIf input stream flows from keyboard, the program willaccept data from the keyboardIf input stream flows from a file, the program will acceptdata from the fileOutput stream: Data flows out of the programTo the screenTo a file Slide 6- 8Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesleycin And cout StreamscinInput stream connected to the keyboardcout Output stream connected to the screencin and cout defined in the iostream libraryUse include directive: #include <iostream>You can declare your own streams to use with files. Slide 6- 9Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-WesleyWhy Use Files?Files allow you to store data permanently!Data output to a file lasts after the program endsAn input file can be used over and overNo typing of data again and again for testingCreate a data file or read an output file at yourconvenienceFiles allow you to deal with larger data sets Slide 6- 10Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-WesleyFile I/OReading from a fileTaking input from a fileDone from beginning to the end (for now)No backing up to read something again (OK to start over)Just as done from the keyboardWriting to a fileSending output to a fileDone from beginning to end (for now)No backing up to write something again( OK to start over)Just as done to the screen [...]... only to the stream named in the call Slide 6- 3 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Overview 6.1 Streams and Basic File I/O 6.2 Tools for Stream I/O 6.3 Character I/O 6.4 Inheritance Slide 6- 45 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Manipulators  A manipulator is a function called Introduction to Polynomial and Rational Functions Introduction to Polynomial and Rational Functions By: OpenStaxCollege 35-mm film, once the standard for capturing photographic images, has been made largely obsolete by digital photography (credit “film”: modification of work by Horia Varlan; credit “memory cards”: modification of work by Paul Hudson) Digital photography has dramatically changed the nature of photography No longer is an image etched in the emulsion on a roll of film Instead, nearly every aspect of recording and manipulating images is now governed by mathematics An image 1/2 Introduction to Polynomial and Rational Functions becomes a series of numbers, representing the characteristics of light striking an image sensor When we open an image file, software on a camera or computer interprets the numbers and converts them to a visual image Photo editing software uses complex polynomials to transform images, allowing us to manipulate the image in order to crop details, change the color palette, and add special effects Inverse functions make it possible to convert from one file format to another In this chapter, we will learn about these concepts and discover how mathematics can be used in such applications 2/2 This page intentionally left blank An Introduction to Law and RegulationText and MaterialsIn recent years, regulation has emerged as one of the most distinct and importantfields of study in the social sciences, both for policy-makers and for scholarswho require a theoretical framework that can be applied to any social sector.This timely textbook provides a conceptual map of the field and an accessible andcritical introduction to the subject. 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The unique feature of .NET is the ___________supp ort that it provides [0.5] a) Multi-platform b) Multi-language 3. .NET is a whole new platform centered around the Intranet [0.5] a) True b) False 4. A program in .NET is first compiled by the language specific compiler into __________________ [1.0] a) Common Language c) Intermediate Language b) Runtime Language d) Visual Basic 5. What is the role of the CLR (Select all that apply) [2.0] a) Manages memory c) Compiles program into machine code b) Compiles program to a .exe file d) Compile once and run on any CPU & OS that supports the runtime. 6. Microsoft .NET is primarily made up of the following three components. [2.0] a) Visual Studio .NET c) 3 rd party .NET services b) Microsoft .NET products and services d) .NET platform itself 7. Select the two core technologies on which the .NET platform is based. [2.5] a) XML c) Internet Protocols b) WML d) Internet computing 8. Microsoft .NET allows developers to develop applications using different languages, which run on the Unix platform [0.5] a) True b) False 9. The .NET platform is built on Internet Protocols such as _______ and _______ [1.0] a) TCP /IP c) SOAP b) IP d) HTTP 10. The .NET platform is built on the following features of the Windows 2000 server family.(Select all that apply) [1.5] a) Reliability c) Scalability b) Security d) Manageability 11. Select the core .NET Enterprise Servers [2.5] a) Commerce Server 2000 c) Apple Server b) Exchange 2000 Server d) Visual .Net Server 12. Core Microsoft .NET building block services [2.0] a) Calendar c) Dynamic delivery b) Dynamic Service d) Notification 13. _______ service allows users to handle their own rules for handling messages and notifications. [1.5] a) Notification b) Personalization 14. Select the service, which allows users to maintain their schedules thus facilitating timely and manageable interactions with other users. [1.5] a) Dynamic Service c) Notification b) Personalization d) Calendar 15. ________ allows developers and business analysts work together to define and modify business processes shared between applications. [1.0] a) Orchestration c) Common Language Runtime b) Web Service d) .Net Framework 16. Microsoft .Net was formerly known as __________ [0.5] a) NGUS c) NGWS b) MGWS d) NWGS 17. C# allows _______ use of native pointers. [0.5] a) Private c) Public b) Complete d) Restricted 18. What is the correct syntax for comment entries in C# [1.0] a) // … // c) /** … **/ b) /*… */ d) / … / 19. The public keyword can be ignored for the Main function in C#. [1.0] a) True b) False 20. A C# program can have only one using directive [0.5] a) True b) False 21. The WriteLine method is a part of the ______ class [1.0] a) System c) Console b) System.Output d) Console.System 22. C# is considered as a modern replacement for the language/s like: (Choose all that apply) [0.5] a) Java c) C++ b) C d) VB 23. C# is a ____________language. [0.5] a) purely Procedure-Oriented c) Procedure-Oriented and Object-Oriented b) partially Procedure-Oriented d) purely Object-Oriented 24. Manual memory management needs to be done in C# [0.5] a) True b) False Website: http://www.docs.vn Email : lienhe@docs.vn Tel : 0918.775.368 Hanoi open university Faculty of English ***** Graduation paper b. a degree in English A new approach to semantic and syntactic functions of English adjectives A– contrastive analysis with their Vietnamese equivalents Supervisor : hoµng TuyÕt minh, m.a student : nguyÔn thÞ nga date of birth : 13/ 08/ 1985 course : k11a (2004- 2008) Hanoi- 2008 Graduation paper Declaration Title: A new approach to semantic and syntactic functions of English adjectives A contrastive– analysis with their Vietnamese equivalents (Graduation paper submitted in partial fulfillment for B.A Degree in English) I certify that no part of the above report has been copied or reproduced by me from any other person’s work without acknowledgements and that report is originally written by me under strict guidance of my supervisor. Date submitted: May 2008 Student Supervisor NguyÔn ThÞ Nga – K 11A Graduation paper Acknowledgements First of all, I would like to express my sincere thanks to my supervisor, Mrs Hoang Tuyet Minh. She is the person who made clear my confuse initial ideas, step by step guiding me during my writing graduation paper. I could finally complete my graduation. I own her a debt of gratitude that cannot be measured. Secondly, I would like to give my thanks to Dean and Leading Board of English faculty, who gave me opportunities to study and do my graduation paper. I would also give my deepest gratitude to all lectures of English faculty at Hanoi Open University for their enthusiastic teaching during my four_ year study. They gave me not only knowledge but also the precious experience in life. Thirdly, I should also express many thanks to my dear friends who have shared with me a lot during my studies and my research work as well. Constantly, rather than final, I would like to send my great thanks to all members in my family for their support and encouragement during my study. Hanoi, May 2008 Student: Nguyen Thi Nga NguyÔn ThÞ Nga – K 11A Graduation paper TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements Abbreviations Chapter I .1 Introduction .1 Chapter II .4 An overview of English adjectives .4 References NguyÔn ThÞ Nga – K 11A Graduation paper Abbreviations Adj : adjective C : complement Co : object complement Cs : subject complement NP :noun phrase O : objective Prep. p :preposition phrase S : subject V : verb ~ :equivalent to * : wrong sentence ∅ : without verb NguyÔn ThÞ Nga – K 11A Graduation paper Chapter I Introduction 1.1 Rationale Nowadays, English is considered as one of the most popular language for everyone all over the world. There are many problems in learning English as listening, speaking, reading, writing, Grammar, lexicology, etc. Grammar plays a very important role in English, it is not easy for English learners to study. Moreover, learners are affected by their mother tongue during the 1 CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Portals and Portlets T HIS BOOK IS FOR SOFTWARE developers and designers who develop Java applica- tions for portals. We cover version 1.0 of the Java portlet API, also known as Java Specification Request (JSR) 168. Portlets are the individual components that pro- vide content for a portal. Portals aggregate one or more portlets into web pages, which are usually personalized or customized for individual users or groups of users. Some portals also support mobile devices and voice support. Before the release of this portlet API, each portal had a different API for develop- ing portlets. Most Java portal vendors will support the JSR 168 standard in addition to their existing proprietary API. If you develop your portlets to the new portlet API standard, you can deploy them on any JSR 168-compatible server, just as any com- patible servlet container can deploy servlets. You may use the open source portal server Apache Pluto to run the portlets we write in this book. You are able to deploy your portlets on any other portals that support the standard, because none of the portlets will use any proprietary features. We use several open source software components to provide additional functionality beyond the portlet API. Some of the problems we provide solutions for in later chapters are person- alization, portal deployment, Single Sign-On (SSO), content syndication, and the porting of an existing application into a portal infrastructure. In this chapter, we discuss portals, information architecture, and background on the portlet API. Providing a Solution with Portals Usually, the decision to build a portal environment is made at a high level within an organization after users become frustrated with using applications that are not integrated and are not immediately visible. Other times, a project involving an extranet for suppliers and customers gets started, and the easiest way to aggregate security for all of these new users is through a portal’s SSO feature. In this book, we do not discuss the business case for a portal within an organization. We wrote this book for developers and architects who have chosen to use a portal server that implements the Java portlet API and need to solve technical problems. 2840ch01.qxd 7/13/04 12:43 PM Page 1 Download at Boykma.Com Chapter 1 2 From a technical perspective, a portal provides a solution for aggregating con- tent and applications from various systems for presentation to the end user. The users do not need to know how the content or functionality is provided; they just want to enjoy the benefits of a single web site and all of its services. Typically, a portal has an integrated user interface and an SSO approach for security. The software developer’s job is to take all of the systems that provide these services and add interfaces to them to work with the portal. Portlets are the individual compo- nents displayed in the portal. Prior to the introduction of the standardized portlet API, portlets had to be custom-developed for each portal server because the API was different for each server. The leading portal vendors joined to create a standard to promote portal technology. Inside the Java Community Process (JCP), the name of the standard for the first version of the Java portlet API is JSR 168. Future versions of the portlet API will have different JSR numbers. One of the problems for the designer or architect in charge of the portal proj- ect is that the existing systems do not always separate cleanly into presentation and business logic layers. Also, consider portal security and personalization when ... interprets the numbers and converts them to a visual image Photo editing software uses complex polynomials to transform images, allowing us to manipulate the image in order to crop details, change.. .Introduction to Polynomial and Rational Functions becomes a series of numbers, representing the characteristics of light... the color palette, and add special effects Inverse functions make it possible to convert from one file format to another In this chapter, we will learn about these concepts and discover how mathematics