CHAPTER PAGE
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
CHAPTER V
CHAPTER VI
CHAPTER VII
CHAPTER VIII
CHAPTER IX
CHAPTER X
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
CHAPTER V
CHAPTER VI
CHAPTER VII
CHAPTER VIII
CHAPTER IX
The Facts About Shakespeare, by
William Allan Nielson and Ashley Horace Thorndike This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost
and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the
Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
Title: The Facts About Shakespeare
The Facts About Shakespeare, by 1
Author: William Allan Nielson Ashley Horace Thorndike
Release Date: August 8, 2007 [EBook #22281]
Language: English
Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE FACTS ABOUT SHAKESPEARE ***
Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Stephen Blundell and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
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[Illustration: The Shakespeare Monument in the Parish Church, Stratford-on-Avon.]
THE FACTS ABOUT SHAKESPEARE
BY
WILLIAM ALLAN NEILSON, PH.D. PROFESSOR OF ENGLISH IN HARVARD UNIVERSITY
AND
ASHLEY HORACE THORNDIKE, PH.D., L.H.D. PROFESSOR OF ENGLISH IN COLUMBIA
UNIVERSITY
[Illustration]
New York THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 1927
All rights reserved
COPYRIGHT, 1913, BY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY.
Set up and electrotyped. Published November, 1913. Reprinted April, 1914; July, 1915; May, November,
1916; January, 1918; February, September, 1920; September, 1921; March, 1922; February, December, 1923;
October, 1924; June, 1926; January, December, 1927.
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY THE BERWICK & SMITH CO.
Transcriber's Notes:
Unique page headings have been retained, marked as [Page Heading:], and positioned at the first available
paragraph break of the page or the preceding page.
Many spelling inconsistencies exist due to the historical period of the quoted sources. These, in addition to the
original punctuation, have been retained.
Obvious typesetting errors have been corrected and noted in the Transcriber's Endnotes at the end of the text.
Some index entries have been re-sequenced to allow for clarity of sub-entries. These changes are recorded in
The Facts About Shakespeare, by 2
the Transcriber's Endnotes along with a copy of the original text.
The following non-standard characters have been represented as follows:
[oe] oe ligature [OE] OE ligature [~e] tilde over e. A contraction of en.
Contents
The Facts About Shakespeare, by 3
CHAPTER PAGE
I. SHAKESPEARE'S ENGLAND AND LONDON 1
II. BIOGRAPHICAL FACTS AND TRADITIONS 17
III. SHAKESPEARE'S READING 50
IV. CHRONOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT 67
V. THE ELIZABETHAN DRAMA 89
VI. THE ELIZABETHAN THEATER 117
VII. THE TEXT OF SHAKESPEARE 131
VIII. QUESTIONS OF AUTHENTICITY 156
IX. SHAKESPEARE SINCE 1616 167
X. CONCLUSION 188
APPENDIX A. BIOGRAPHICAL DOCUMENTS AND AUTHORITIES 203
APPENDIX B. INDEX OF THE CHARACTERS IN SHAKESPEARE'S PLAYS 226
APPENDIX C. INDEX OF THE SONGS 241
APPENDIX D. BIBLIOGRAPHY 243
INDEX 265
THE FACTS ABOUT SHAKESPEARE
The Facts about Shakespeare
[Illustration]
CHAPTER PAGE 4
CHAPTER I
SHAKESPEARE'S ENGLAND AND LONDON
Shakespeare lived in a period of change. In religion, politics, literature, and commerce, in the habits of daily
living, in the world of ideas, his lifetime witnessed continual change and movement. When Elizabeth came to
the throne, six years Facts About the Chi-Square Distribution Facts About the Chi-Square Distribution By: OpenStaxCollege The notation for the chi-square distribution is: χ ∼ χ2df where df = degrees of freedom which depends on how chi-square is being used (If you want to practice calculating chi-square probabilities then use df = n - The degrees of freedom for the three major uses are each calculated differently.) For the χ2 distribution, the population mean is μ = df and the population standard deviation is σ = √2(df) The random variable is shown as χ2, but may be any upper case letter The random variable for a chi-square distribution with k degrees of freedom is the sum of k independent, squared standard normal variables χ2 = (Z1)2 + (Z2)2 + + (Zk)2 The curve is nonsymmetrical and skewed to the right There is a different chi-square curve for each df The test statistic for any test is always greater than or equal to zero When df > 90, the chi-square curve approximates the normal distribution For X ~ χ21,000 the mean, μ = df = 1,000 and the standard deviation, σ = √2(1,000) = 44.7 Therefore, X ~ N(1,000, 44.7), approximately The mean, μ, is located just to the right of the peak 1/3 Facts About the Chi-Square Distribution References Data from Parade Magazine “HIV/AIDS Epidemiology Santa Clara County.”Santa Clara County Public Health Department, May 2011 Chapter Review The chi-square distribution is a useful tool for assessment in a series of problem categories These problem categories include primarily (i) whether a data set fits a particular distribution, (ii) whether the distributions of two populations are the same, (iii) whether two events might be independent, and (iv) whether there is a different variability than expected within a population An important parameter in a chi-square distribution is the degrees of freedom df in a given problem The random variable in the chi-square distribution is the sum of squares of df standard normal variables, which must be independent The key characteristics of the chi-square distribution also depend directly on the degrees of freedom The chi-square distribution curve is skewed to the right, and its shape depends on the degrees of freedom df For df > 90, the curve approximates the normal distribution Test statistics based on the chi-square distribution are always greater than or equal to zero Such application tests are almost always right-tailed tests Formula Review χ2 = (Z1)2 + (Z2)2 + … (Zdf)2 chi-square distribution random variable μχ2 = df chi-square distribution population mean σχ2=√2(df) Chi-Square distribution population standard deviation If the number of degrees of freedom for a chi-square distribution is 25, what is the population mean and standard deviation? mean = 25 and standard deviation = 7.0711 If df > 90, the distribution is _ If df = 15, the distribution is When does the chi-square curve approximate a normal distribution? 2/3 Facts About the Chi-Square Distribution when the number of degrees of freedom is greater than 90 Where is μ located on a chi-square curve? Is it more likely the df is 90, 20, or two in the graph? df = Homework Decide whether the following statements are true or false As the number of degrees of freedom increases, the graph of the chi-square distribution looks more and more symmetrical true The standard deviation of the chi-square distribution is twice the mean The mean and the median of the chi-square distribution are the same if df = 24 false 3/3 100 Fascinating Facts You Never Knew About
the Human Brain
The human brain has amazed and baffled people throughout the ages. Some
scientists and doctors have devoted their entire lives to learning how the brain
works. It is no wonder that people enjoy learning facts about this incredible organ
in the human body. Below, you will find 100 facts about the brain including how it
works, how it develops, what it controls, how it affects sleep, dreams, and memory,
and more, which may be helpful. When you finish reading about these fun facts,
take this short brainpower quiz and see how much you learned about the human
brain.
Physical Attributes
These facts will teach you interesting bits of information about the physical make-
up of the human brain.
1. Weight. The weight of the human brain is about 3 lbs.
2. Cerebrum. The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and makes up 85%
of the brain’s weight.
3. Skin. Your skin weighs twice as much as your brain.
4. Gray matter. The brain’s gray matter is made up of neurons, which gather
and transmit signals.
5. White matter. The white matter is made up of dendrites and axons, which
create the network by which neurons send their signals.
6. Gray and white. Your brain is 60% white matter and 40% gray matter.
7. Water. The brain is made up of about 75% water.
8. Neurons. Your brain consists of about 100 billion neurons.
9. Synapses. There are anywhere from 1,000 to 10,000 synapses for each
neuron.
10. No pain. There are no pain receptors in the brain, so the brain can feel no
pain.
11. Largest brain. While an elephant’s brain is physically larger than a human
brain, the human brain is 2% of total body weight (compared to 0.15% of an
elephant’s brain), meaning humans have the largest brain to body size.
12. Blood vessels. There are 100,000 miles of blood vessels in the brain.
13. Fat. The human brain is the fattest organ in the body and may consists of at
least 60% fat.
The Developing Brain
Starting from within the womb, fetal brain development begins the amazing
journey that leads to a well-developed brain at birth that continues to grow for 18
more years.
14. Neurons. Neurons develop at the rate of 250,000 neurons per minute during
early pregnancy.
15. Size at birth. At birth, your brain was almost the same size as an adult brain
and contained most of the brain cells for your whole life.
16. Newborn’s growth. A newborn baby’s brain grows about three times its
size in the first year.
17. Stopped growing. Your The United States of Basic facts about the United States of America America The USA is made up of states and a federal district (District of Columbia) Two states, A _ and H , are not directly attached to the continental US It is the third most populated country in the , with more than 300 million inhabitants The main spoken in the United States is English, but in many areas Spanish is _ The American system of government The US is a f_ _ _ _ _ _ state also called a u _ _ _ _ of self-governing states united by a central government The head of each state is the governor The federal government c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of branches The law-making or legislative power is concentrated in C _ _ _ _ _ _ _ which is divided into the S _ _ _ _ _ and the H _ _ _ _ of Representatives There are 435 members in the House of Representatives and 100 senators, _ from each state The president is the head of the e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ power represented by the federal government The S_ _ _ _ _ _ Court holds judicial power American history 10 11 12 13 The US gained its independence from Britain The American Civil War was fought The US suffered from a terrorist attack the US entered into the Second World War from 1861–1865 on December 7, 1941 on July, 1776 on September 11, 2001 and it is now celebrated as Independence Day also called the Fourth of July during which the World Trade Towers in New York City were completely destroyed and the Pentagon in Washington, DC was severely damaged 11 Southern slave-keeping states declared their separation from the US and formed the Confederacy They fought against the Northern States also known as the Union - the states where slavery had been abolished after the surprise Japanese attack on the US Naval base in Pearl Harbour, Hawaii 14 15 Geographical features 16 The US is located on the continent of North America The bordering states are _ _ _ _ _ _ in the north and _ _ _ _ _ _ in the south The US is a country of various and geographical features The _ Mountains cross from the west to the centre of the country The highest mountain in the US is McKinley (6,194 m) in The _ Lakes – Huron, , Michigan, Erie and Superior – are found on the US border with Canada The Grand Canyon is a large canyon _in Arizona 17 landscapes Alaska Great Rocky system Mount Ontario ë is nicknamed “the Sunshine State” and is known for the spacecraft launchings from Cape Canaveral ë is the most populous state with the famous cities of San Francisco and Los Angeles; it is also known for its dessert valley called the Death Valley ë is the largest state and has the longest coastline in the US and it doesn’t border with the rest of the states ë state located in the southern region with the largest city New Orleans of which eighty percent (80%) was flooded by Hurricane Katrina in 2005 ë the only U.S state located in Oceania and made up entirely of islands with the capital Honolulu assign the individual states in the pictures to the definitions 18 19 20 famous cities in the USA Washington, DC Detroit New York City Los Angeles New Orleans Atlanta Dallas 21 the largest city by population; an important centre of business, finance and art the capital city renowned for films and the famous actors the Kennedy Assassination on November 22, 1963 took place here known as the birthplace of jazz and as the centre of French-American culture in Georgia, is the birthplace of Coca Cola and CNN city famous for auto industry in Michigan 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 American sports and pastimes B _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is called America’s favourite pastime It is a bat-and-ball sport A person hits a ball thrown at them and tries to run around a playing field called a diamond A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ f _ _ _ _ _ _ _ requires players to run with an egg-shaped ball over the line of the opposition Players wear protective padding and helmets Another popular sport is b _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Amur tiger Amur tiger is a big animal The size is 3m and the weight is 280kg It lives in the forest It is orange, white and black White tigers have blue eyes and a pink nose Tigers are very strong, angry and dangerous [‘dǽnGqrqs] They can run well They even can climb trees They can see well Big cats live up to 25 years old Tigers like to eat meat A tiger can eat 100 pounds of meat a night[nait]! Compare that to 400 hamburgers! They eat deer, wild pigs, bears and can eat fish, rabbits, and hares The Nanai people give tigers name 'Amba' Tiger Day is in September They are in the Red book Tasks In the Far East of Russia you can meet a lot of wild animals Write down the plurals of the nouns a tigera beara foxA wolfA deerA squirrel2 Write adjectives and verbs in the right column: Angry, strong, dangerous, big, run, climb, black and white, see, eat, have Tigers can Tigers are ... does the chi- square curve approximate a normal distribution? 2/3 Facts About the Chi- Square Distribution when the number of degrees of freedom is greater than 90 Where is μ located on a chi- square. .. more and more symmetrical true The standard deviation of the chi- square distribution is twice the mean The mean and the median of the chi- square distribution are the same if df = 24 false 3/3... independent The key characteristics of the chi- square distribution also depend directly on the degrees of freedom The chi- square distribution curve is skewed to the right, and its shape depends on the