Dealing with the energy vampires

European Investment Bank – JESSICA and Investment Funds Energy Efficiency in Buildings: Combining New Financial Instruments with the MFF The example of JESSICA Frank Lee Head of Holding Funds and Advisory, Northern Europe JESSICA and Investment Funds European Investment Bank March 2012 European Investment Bank – JESSICA and Investment Funds 2  A management and advisory programme, launched by the EU Commission in collaboration with EIB, to assist Member States and regions to invest Structural Funds in urban projects (including energy efficiency)  Overall JESSICA objectives:  Higher productivity of Structural Funds / public funds Increase efficiency and productivity of Structural Funds by making use of innovative and revolving financing instruments in the urban sector (complementary to grant financing)  Leverage effect Mobilise additional public and private sector resources for the benefit of sustainable and integrated urban development (schemes)  Expertise - new partnerships and synergies Utilise financial, managerial and project implementation expertise from private sector or international financial institutions such as EIB Overview of JESSICA Joint European Support for Sustainable Investment in City Areas European Investment Bank – JESSICA and Investment Funds 3 3 EUROPEAN COMMISSION Structural Funds MEMBER STATE Via a designated Managing Authority Holding Fund (HF) URBAN DEVELOPMENT FUND (UDF) Projects forming part of an Integrated Plan for Sustainable Urban Development Grant (not repayable as long as EC Regulations adhered to) optional OTHER INVESTORS (Public & Private) CITIES IFIs/Public Agencies/ Banks Investment (equity, loan or guarantee) Contribution (repayable or non-repayable) General JESSICA implementation model European Investment Bank – JESSICA and Investment Funds JESSICA in practice Lithuania European Investment Bank – JESSICA and Investment Funds 5 JESSICA Holding Fund managed by EIB Contingent loans Renovation Loans (l/term & preferential rates) – minimum level of energy savings of 20% and energy class D to be achieved Urban Development Funds PROJECTS: Eligible energy efficiency projects in multi- apartment buildings LithuanianMinistries of Finance and Environment commitment of EUR 227m from Operational Programme: « Promotion of Cohesion 2007-2013 » Housing and Urban Development Agency BORROWERS: Individual owners of apartments in multi-apartment buildings / administrators of commonly used premises of multi-apartment buildings Heat subsidies for low income persons 15% grant from Climate Change Programme Project preparation and technical assistance European Investment Bank – JESSICA and Investment Funds 6 National plan to refurbish 24,000 apartment block buildings by 2020 − JESSICA target: 1000 renovation buildings between 2010 – 2015. So far almost 200 buildings have taken “decision” to participate in the programme – circa 60 of these have already procured contractors and in negotiations with the financial intermediaries for loan financing… Average energy savings for a single building are estimated to be circa 50 % Multi-apartment renovation projects support national and European objectives related to improving energy efficiency and security of energy supply. In addition, programme launched in 2009 seen as a major economic stimulus package for construction industry and job creation/retention. Significant social benefits from energy efficiency investment in low income housing, including eradication of energy poverty and improving quality of life. Programme promotes the establishment of Dealing with the energy vampires Dealing with the energy vampires Bởi: Joe Tye “When we don’t feel safe, fear drives our actions and interactions Fear causes us to not be ourselves as individuals In organizations, fear holds us back from performing at the level we’re capable of When we’re afraid, we’re guarded, cautious, and restrained, and we everything we can to regain a feeling of security.” Jim Haudan: The Art of Engagement: Bridging the Gap Between People and Possibilities Are you old enough to remember the days when people could smoke everywhere? How one person lighting a cigarette would instantly pollute the lungs of everyone else in the room? It’s the same thing with energy vampires, the aggressively disengaged employee who sucks the energy out of a room and the people around them It’s not just their lack of energy that hurts the business, it’s the way they suck the energy out of everyone else When he’s giving a speech, my good friend Roger Looyenga (retired CEO of AutoOwners Insurance, with whom I co-authored the book Take the Stairs) will often illustrate this point by holding up two clear coffee cups – one half full of coffee and the other half full of water He takes a teaspoon of water and dumps it into the coffee, but there is no visible difference That’s about what happens when one positive employee is injected into a toxic negative environment They eventually quit, hibernate, or flip over to the dark side Then Roger takes one teaspoon of coffee and pours it into the water Instantly, the water in the cup discolors A second and a third teaspoon and the cup of previously clear water begins to look a lot more like the coffee, and certainly not like something you would want to drink That can be the effect of one toxic negative emotional vampire who is not effectively dealt with by the management team 1/1 DEALING WITH THE NOTION "OBLIGATORY" IN SYNTACTIC ANALYSIS Dorothee Reimann Zentralinstitut f~r Sprachwissenschaft Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR Prenzlauer Promenade 149-152 Berlin DDR - II00 ABSTRACT In the paper the use of the notion "obligatory complement" in syntactic analysis is discussed. In many theories which serve as bases for syntactic analysis procedures there are devices to express the difference between obligatory and optional complements on the rule level, i.e. via the lexicon the wordforms are connected with these rules where the fitting properties are expressed. I'll show that such an approach leads to some problems, if we want to handle real texts in syntactic analysis. In the first part I'll outline the theoretical framework we work with. Then I'll discuss for which purpose the use of the notion obligatory has some advantages and in the last part I'll show shortly how we intend to use this notion - in lexical entries (with respect to morphological analysis) and - in the syntactic analysis process. SOME THEORETICAL PREREQUISITES The basis of our work is a special version of a dependency grammar (Kunze 1975). In this theory a syntactic structure of a sentence is represented as a tree, where the nodes correspond to the wordforms of the sentence and the edges express the dependencies between the word- forms. The edges are marked by subordina- tion relations (SR's) which describe the relation between the subtree "under" the edge and the remaining tree context. Besides the syntactic dependencies other connections between the wordforms of the sentence remain which express certain congruences and restrictions. Here we have congruences - so-called paradigmatic connections - like (the listed categories concern the German variant): from a noun to an attribute (gender, number, case) from a preposition to the noun (case) from the subject to the finite verb (number, person) and restrictions - selective connections - like: from the verb to the (deep) subject from the verb to the direct object etc. The selective connections also apply to all transformational variants of the concerned phenomenon (let us take the SUBJ-connection): (I) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) John liest ein Buch. (John reads a book. ) Ich sehe John ein Buch lesen. (I see John reading a book. ) Das Buch wird von John gelesen. (The book is read by John.) Das von John gelesene Buch (The book read by John ) Das Lesen des Buches durch John (The reading of the book by John .) Der ein Buch lesende John (John reading a book ) 314 (7) John, der ein Buch liest (John who reads a book ) It is easy to see that the tree property would be destroyed if these connections were included as edges in the tree. To save the tree property Kunze introduced the mechanism of paths of action for the paradigmatic and selective connections. These paths run along the edges, i.e. they can be expressed also by the subordination relations. This is one essential reason for differentiating the SR's very strongly. For instance, it is necessary to differentiate between - the "normal" direct object and the direct object with subject role: John reads a [...]... high, they are easy to be around They are easy to talk to, they listen to others, and they can accept the fact that their opinions might sometimes be wrong When self esteem is low, people are hard to be around They may come off as a bully and every remark you make seems like a blow to their ego, and they have a difficult time accepting the fact that people can't agree with them The point is, that learning... the conversation, use the Intimidators name; by saying it firmly and repeating it often they will stop attacking - Now you have his attention Make it clear, that you understand his concerns and answer him with a clear and short explanation And finally, let the Intimidator know you are open to speaking with him, when and only, he can talk to you with respect The Stealth Bomber These individuals attack... individuals, gives a brief description of each one, followed by practical techniques that you can use when dealing with these difficult characters The Intimidator Whether it is your spouse, a boss, or any other individual, when you are being attacked by the Intimidator, they do not see their actions as being a problem; they are simply acting in a way they see fit to reach the best solution in a timely manner... learning to deal with difficult people, is seeing that they have a hard time with themselves, and low self esteem Everyone, even the negative people, have great qualities; you need to help point these out, so they can see them, in a meaningful manner, without seeming as if you are patronizing them By showing the person you see the good in them, and respect them, they will be easier to deal with, now as well... as well as in the future Remember that every person wants to be respected, so treating others with respect will make it easier to get along with them 11 How To Handle These Difficult People Now that you have a general understanding of the ten most common difficult types of people Lets talk about the best way to approach each specific type The following strategies to handling each of these difficult. .. focus to finding solutions This is the time to ask very specifically what they want If their solutions are either impossible or completely unrealistic, point that out to them and ask again what they want Repeat this process if you have to, until they come up with a 16 reasonable answer If the complainer cannot come up with any solutions, end the meeting at that point, saying, "You don't seem to have any... the promises they make By not thinking and planning ahead, they only look at what is in front of them, and don't see that the commitments they are making, are impossible for them to fulfill Yes people are nice and want things to work out In the end, they are left wondering why people tend to get mad at them, as they are only trying to be polite and do nice things for others Your Approach: It is okay... reaction is for you to give them time Someone is always going to come around and present new ideas, so this person is always going to feel threatened When you relax and act appropriately, they may calm down a bit You should think of similar people you have dealt with, and find an approach that worked Where is the energy spent inside my app? Fine Grained Energy Accounting on Smar tphones with Eprof Abhinav Pathak Purdue University pathaka@purdue.edu Y. Charlie Hu Purdue University ychu@purdue.edu Ming Zhang Microsoft Research mzh@microsoft.com Abstract Where is the energy spent inside my app? Despite the im- mense popularity of smartphone s and the fact that energy is the most crucial aspect in smar tphone programming, the answer to the above question remains elusive. This paper first presents eprof, the first fine-gra ined energy profiler for smartphone apps. Compared to profiling the runtime of ap- plications running on conventional com puters, profiling en- ergy consumption of applications running on smartphones faces a unique challenge, asynchronous power behavior, where the effect on a component’s power state due to a pro- gram entity lasts beyon d the end of that program entity. We present the design, implementation and evaluation of eprof on two mobile OSes, Android and Windows Mobile. We then presen t an in-depth case study, the first of its kind, of six popular smartp hones apps ( including Angry- Birds, Facebook and Browser). Eprof sheds lights on inter- nal energy dissipation of these apps an d exposes surprising findings like 65%-75% of energy in free apps is spent in third-pa rty advertisement modules. Eprof also reveals sev- eral “wakelock bugs”, a family o f “energy bugs” in smart- phone app s, and effectively pinpoints their loca tion in the source code. The case study highlights the fact that most of the energy in smartphone apps is spent in I/O, and I/O events are clustered, often due to a few routines. This motivates us to propose bundles, a new accounting presentation of app I/O energy, which helps the developer to quickly understand and optimize the energy drain of her app. Using the bundle pre- sentation, we re duced the energy consumption of four apps by 20% to 65%. Categories and Subject Descriptors D.4.8 [Operating Systems]: Performance–Modeling and Prediction. General Terms Design, Experimentation, Measurement. Keywords Smartphones, Mobile, Energy, Eprof. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. EuroSys’12, April 10–13, 2012, Bern, Switzerland. Copyright c  2012 ACM 978-1-4503-1223-3/12/04. $10.00 1. Introduction Smartpho nes run complete OSes which p rovide full-fledg e d “app” development platforms, and coupled with “exotic” components such as Camera and GPS, have unleashed the imagination of a pp developers. According to a new re- port [1], the a pp market will explode exponentially to a $38 billion industry b y 2015, riding the huge growth in popular- ity of smartphones. Despite the incredible market penetra- tion of smartphones and exponential growth of the app mar- ket, their utility has been and will remain severely limited by the battery life. As such, optimizing the energy consump- tion of millions of smartphone apps is of critical importance. However, the quarter million apps [2] developed so far were largely developed in an energy oblivious manner. The key enabler for energy-aware smartp hone app development is an energy profiler, that can answer 335 CAM-ICU = confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit; ICU = intensive care unit; LOS = length of stay; NMBA = neuromuscular blocking agent. Available online http://ccforum.com/content/9/4/335 Abstract Delirium is a frequently occurring but often under-diagnosed and under-treated problem in the intensive care unit (ICU). It has been linked to adverse outcome, increased length of stay and higher mortality in critically ill patients. A study by Thomason and coworkers published in this issue of Critical Care deals with the issue of delirium and its consequences in less severely ill patients. This commentary aims to provide context for this study, discussing its potential implications as well as the potential therapeutic and preventive measures in patients with hyperactive or hypoactive delirium Until the early 1990s it was common practice to administer large doses of sedatives, analgetics and neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) routinely to mechanically ventilated patients. The underlying assumption was that, without such medications, patients could not tolerate invasive intensive care unit (ICU) treatments and that sedation and paralysis would allow the patient to ‘rest’ and recover. Practices and treatments used for general anaesthesia during major surgery were often simply continued for longer term management in the ICU. This attitude began to change in the mid-1990s, with the realization that prolonged use of high-dose NMBAs, sedatives and opiates was associated with increased risk for critical illness polymyoneuropathy, nosocomial infections, adverse outcomes and increased length of stay (LOS) in the ICU. Kress and coworkers [1] reported that daily interruption of sedative drug infusions to assess whether sedation could be discontinued or tapered led to reduced ICU LOS (6.4 days versus 9.9 days) and shorter duration of mechanical ventilation (4.9 days versus 7.3 days). These and other findings led to a marked decrease in the use of sedatives, and especially NMBAs, in ICUs worldwide. This development was assisted by changes in ventilatory strategies and technical improvements in mechanical ventilators. Current Society of Critical Care Medicine guidelines recommend that NMBAs be used to manage ventilation only when all other means have been tried without success [2], and that sedation should be regularly assessed and tapered as early as possible [3]. These changes led to huge increases in the number of (semi)conscious patients in the ICU. It was soon realized that many of these patients, especially those with more severe illness, develop alterations in their mental status during the acute phase of critical illness and/or in later phases. Clinical studies showed that 70–80% of critically ill patients [4-6] and 16–22% of less severely ill patients [7,8] develop delirium at some stage in their ICU stay. Risk factors include increased severity of illness, advanced age, medical comorbidity, pre- existing cognitive impairment, sleep deprivation, and various medications [5]. Partly because of its high incidence, ‘ICU psychosis’ was initially regarded as an almost ‘normal’ consequence of prolonged ICU stay – a self-limiting morbidity due to the combined effects of the patient’s illness and administration of sedatives. However, this view appears to be mistaken; numerous studies have shown that delirium is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, and prolonged LOS in the ICU [7-9]. In one study conducted in critically ill patients [10] mortality was 34% in patients who developed delirium versus 15% in those who did not. After adjusting for covariates the hazard ratio was 3.2 (95% confidence interval 1.4–7.7). However, a link between delirium and adverse outcome has not yet been demon- strated in less severely ill patients. In this issue of Critical Care, Thomason and coworkers [11] assessed the impact of delirium in a group of non- mechanically ventilated patients with moderate severity of illness (median